Journal articles: 'Syracuse (Italy)'

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Hoyos, B. D. "A Forgotten Roman Historian: L. Arruntius and the ‘True’ Causes of the First Punic War." Antichthon 23 (1989): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400003683.

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Ancient historians offered various explanations for the war that broke out in 264 B.C. For Polybius a century later it was the Roman’s first step outside Italy in a drive to world hegemony; also a properly defensive counter to a looming Carthaginian threat to Italy. Much of later Roman historical tradition lauded it as due to piousfidestowards a hapless ally, the ex-Italian Mamertines of Messana, under siege by Punic and Syracusan foes. That, it seems, was already the Roman line in 264 itself. At all events we find King Hiero of Syracuse chiding them then for ‘chattering aboutfides’ even as they allied themselves with the faithless brigands of Messana. For pro-Roman writers, the sanctity of alliances and the right of self-defence made a satisfying pair of historical justifications.

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Corsale, Andrea, and Shaul Krakover. "Cultural tourism between local and transnational identities: Jewish heritage in Syracuse, Italy." Tourism Geographies 21, no. 3 (September 14, 2018): 460–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1497083.

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De Medici, Stefania, Patrizia Riganti, and Serena Viola. "Circular Economy and the Role of Universities in Urban Regeneration: The Case of Ortigia, Syracuse." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114305.

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Regeneration processes activate stable regimes of interaction and interdependence among the architectural, economic, cultural and social sub-systems in settlements. The thesis of this paper is that in order to progress towards sustainable and inclusive cities, urban governance should widen the decision-making arena, promoting virtuous circular dynamics based on knowledge transfer, strategic decision making and stakeholders’ engagement. The historic urban landscape is a privileged la b for this purpose. The paper adapts the Triple-Helix model of knowledge-industry-government relationships to interpret the unexpected regimes of interaction between Local Authority and Cultural Heritage Assets triggered in the late 90es by the establishment of a knowledge provider such as a Faculty of Architecture in the highly degraded heritage context of the city of Syracuse, Italy. Following this approach, the authors explain the urban regeneration happened over the last 20 years in the port city of Syracuse, based on knowledge sharing and resources’ protection that promoted processes of social engagement and institutional empowerment for both new residents and entrepreneurs.

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Caruso, Gabriella, Maria Grazia Giacobbe, Filippo Azzaro, Franco Decembrini, Marcella Leonardi, Stefano Miserocchi, Xiuyun Cao, Chunlei Song, and Yiyong Zhou. "All-In-One: Microbial Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Forcings in a Coastal Mediterranean Ecosystem, the Syracuse Bay (Ionian Sea, Italy)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010019.

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Bacterial and phytoplankton communities are known to be in close relationships, but how natural and anthropogenic stressors can affect their dynamics is not fully understood. To study the response of microbial communities to environmental and human-induced perturbations, phytoplankton and bacterial communities were seasonally monitored in a Mediterranean coastal ecosystem, Syracuse Bay, where multiple conflicts co-exist. Quali-quantitative, seasonal surveys of the phytoplankton communities (diatoms, dinoflagellates and other taxa), the potential microbial enzymatic activity rates (leucine aminopeptidase, beta-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase) and heterotrophic culturable bacterial abundance, together with the thermohaline structure and trophic status in terms of nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton biomass (as Chlorophyll-a), and total suspended and particulate organic matter, were carried out. The aim was to integrate microbial community dynamics in the context of the environmental characterization and disentangle microbial patterns related to natural changes from those driven by the anthropic impact on this ecosystem. In spite of the complex relationships between the habitat characteristics, microbial community abundance and metabolic potential, in Syracuse Bay, the availability of organic substrates differently originated by the local conditions appeared to drive the distribution and activity of microbial assemblage. A seasonal pattern of microbial abundances was observed, with the highest concentrations of phytoplankton in spring and low values in winter, whereas heterotrophic bacteria were more abundant during the autumn period. The autumn peaks of the rates of enzymatic activities suggested that not only phytoplankton-derived but also allochthonous organic polymers strongly stimulated microbial metabolism. Increased microbial response in terms of abundance and metabolic activities was detected especially at the sites directly affected by organic matter inputs related to agriculture or aquaculture activities. Nitrogen salts such as nitrate, rather than orthophosphate, were primary drivers of phytoplankton growth. This study also provides insights on the different seasonal scenarios of water quality in Syracuse Bay, which could be helpful for management plans of this Mediterranean coastal environment.

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Bonacini, Elisa, Davide Tanasi, and Paolo Trapani. "Digital heritage dissemination and the participatory storytelling project #iziTRAVELSicilia: the case of the Archaeological Museum of Syracuse (Italy)." ACTA IMEKO 7, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i3.584.

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the participatory and crowdsourcing project #iziTRAVELSicilia could be a key to the dissemination of 3D models on cultural heritage. This project has been recognized as a best practice both in territorial digital marketing and in digital promotion and valorisation through storytelling and crowdsourcing culture. #iziTRAVELSicilia has already involved thousands of people, producing more than 180 museum and tour audio guides. It has become a real model of participation in the co-creation of cultural values. In this paper we briefly present the project and the case of the Archaeological Museum ‘Paolo Orsi’ in Syracuse (Italy), as best practice on digital dissemination through platforms such as Google Street View and izi.TRAVEL itself, revealing how this platform has been already largely used for the dissemination both of existing 3D models and for new 3D models, such as those made by USF IDEx for the ‘Paolo Orsi’ Museum. Specifically, a collection of 26 ancient sculptures has been virtualized via laser scanning and digital photogrammetry in a participatory experience of measurement science. The global dissemination of those 3D models through izi.TRAVEL’s platform and other alternatives platforms will represent a significant contribute to the digital accessibility of the Museum of Syracuse but also the starting point of a metrological 3D database of ancient Sicilian sculpture generated entirely crowdsourcing.

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Di Gregorio, G. "REPRESENTATION AND DIGITALIZATION OF STONE THEATRES IN EASTERN SICILY: THE PALAZZOLO ACREIDE THEATER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-475-2019.

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Abstract. The ancient theatres in Sicily, in southern Italy and along the countries facing the Mediterranean Sea basin, constitute a reality of incomparable cultural value. Regarding the research on the ancient theatres of eastern Sicily, few studies have been recently dealt with different methodologies. In the last years some practices have been done using 3D laser scanners for the theatres of Syracuse, Taormina and Morgantina, as well as the Syracuse amphitheatre and Taormina Odeon, just obtaining very interesting results. Lately the theatre of Palazzolo Acreide (Syracuse) has been studied, with Structure From Motion (SFM) and Dense Matching methodologies. From these experience, conclusions could be drawn on the quality and reliability of the elaborations realised with the SFM methodologies. We really know that these systems are today representing one of the fastest growing areas of examination, on which several software houses are investing. The study was chosen both for the small size of the building, and for the particular geometric conditions typical of the architecture of ancient theatres. This because their three-dimensional trend varies continually in the three variables X, Y, Z. The purpose of the work was to check whether the latest releases of these systems of survey allow today more than yesterday, a rapid digitalization and representation of the enormous archaeological cultural heritage. Various software were used, to verify the practicality and operation, the choice then fell on the Zephyr of 3DFlow, kindly available by the manufacturer, whose results were quite agreeable. The possibility offered by the program of a graphical tracing of polylines on the textured 3D model, has been a considerable advantage. Therefore the results obtained by modeling and surveying of the Palazzolo Acreide theatre have been compared, with the survey of the Syracuse, Taormina and Morgantina theatre performed using 3D laser scanners. First results of the research are matter of the following work.

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Calia, A., A. M. Mecchi, D. Colangiuli, and L. Scudeler Baccelle. "Conservation issues with calcarenites used as historical building materials in Syracuse (Southern Italy)." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 46, no. 4 (July 17, 2013): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2012-050.

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Barbera, Giovanni, Germana Barone, Vincenza Crupi, Francesca Longo, Giacomo Maisano, Domenico Majolino, Paolo Mazzoleni, Josè Teixeira, and Valentina Venuti. "Small angle neutron scattering study of ancient pottery from Syracuse (Sicily, Southern Italy)." Journal of Archaeological Science 40, no. 2 (February 2013): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.09.021.

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Binda, Luigia, Maurizio Lualdi, and Antonella Saisi. "Non-Destructive Testing Techniques Applied for Diagnostic Investigation: Syracuse Cathedral in Sicily, Italy." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 1, no. 4 (November 20, 2007): 380–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583050701386029.

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Mátyás, Dénes. "From Italy to the USA: Cleveland Italians, Their Heritage and Traditions." Italianistica Debreceniensis 26 (December 1, 2020): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34102/itde/2020/9384.

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One would be hard-pressed to deny the influence Italians have had on the United States of America and on the very fabric of American cultural life. Not only are metropolises like New York City and Chicago with their populations in the millions home to significant Italian communities and neighborhoods but so are cities with several hundred thousand inhabitants like Boston, Baltimore, Syracuse, St. Louis, or Cleveland. The present paper intends to focus on Italians in Cleveland, Ohio, that undoubtedly constitute an organic and significant part of the city’s population. It aims to offer an insight into the formation of the Italian neighborhoods, from the first waves of Italian immigrants in the 19th century, and the opportunities of second-, third-, or nth-generation Italians to tend to their common Italian roots as well as to preserve their customs and traditions from the old country through a wide array of Italian cultural events, the city’s Italian community hubs and memorial sites, or the local Italian-American media

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Serino, Giorgio, Mariacristina Spizzuoco, and Maria Rosaria Marsico. "Application of structural isolation and health monitoringThe ‘Our Lady of Tears Shrine’ in Syracuse (Italy)." Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 6, no. 5 (July 30, 2009): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732470903068763.

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Baitinger, Holger. "Votive gifts from Sicily and southern Italy in Olympia and other Greek sanctuaries." Archaeological Reports 62 (November 2016): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608416000107.

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Votive gifts from Sicily and southern Italy are most prominent among the objects discovered in Greek sanctuaries, especially Olympia, the most significant location for such material in Greece. Foreign objects from the west were an early focus of archaeologists working on Olympia (for example Karo 1937; Kunze 1951; Kilian 1977a; 1977b; von Hase 1979; 1997; Herrmann 1983; Moustaka 1985; Kyrieleis 1986; Söldner 1994; Strøm 2000; Naso 2000a; 2000b; 2006; 2011; 2012; Baitinger 2013; Aurigny 2016), in particular spectacular pieces with inscriptions, such as two bronze helmets of the central Italian Negau type (Fig. 84) (Egg 1986: 51–61, 198–99, nos 185–86, pls 108, 109a). The inscription confirms the dedication by Hiero I, the tyrant of Syracuse, following his victory over the Etruscans at the naval Battle of Cumae in 474 BC. As we know from Pindar's victory odes and from monuments dedicated at Olympia, the powerful tyrants of Sicily maintained strong links to the sanctuary (for example Philipp 1992; 1994; Giangiulio 1993; Di Vita 2005; Dreher 2013).

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Troiani, Sara. "The Classical Performances at the Temples of Agrigento and Paestum (1928–1938)." Fascism 12, no. 2 (December 13, 2023): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10064.

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Abstract This article surveys and analyzes classical performances staged between 1928 and 1938 in the archeological areas of Agrigento and Paestum, and underlines similarities and differences between them to evaluate the impact of Fascist ideology on their organization. Indeed, these performances were much more concerned with staging ancient poetry recitations, pantomimes, choreographies, and parades rather than entire plays, as these were effective conduits for Fascism’s visual aesthetics, which was aimed at enhancing the archeological settings that hosted them. The events organized in Agrigento were meant to extend the presence of classical performances in ancient theaters and monuments other than Syracuse under the supervision of the National Institute of Ancient Drama (INDA) and other national and international artists, while the performances staged in Paestum were intended to promote international tourism in Italy, which included the programmatic restoration and renovation of ancient monuments.

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Campisi-Pinto, Salvatore, Jan Adamowski, and Gideon Oron. "Forecasting Urban Water Demand Via Wavelet-Denoising and Neural Network Models. Case Study: City of Syracuse, Italy." Water Resources Management 26, no. 12 (July 4, 2012): 3539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0089-y.

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Rutter, Keith. "Sicily and South Italy: the Background to Thucydides Books 6 and 7." Greece and Rome 33, no. 2 (October 1986): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383500030291.

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The story of the Greek settlements in Sicily and southern Italy is not commonly regarded as one of the 'central themes' of Greek history. For long periods, the paucity of documentary evidence means that there is little story to tell anyway, and when a history of events is possible, it is often because those events are closely linked with the more fully documented history of Greece itself. Such an occasion occurred in 415, when the Athenians decided to send a fleet to western waters, and subsequently to undertake the siege of Syracuse. These events, so vividly narrated by Thucydides in the polished narrative of Books 6 and 7, are often studied today, but many modern readers start with a disadvantage shared, as Thucydides would have us believe, with the majority of Athenians of his own day - ignorance of Sicily and its inhabitants. Thucydides responded by giving his readers an account of the various peoples who inhabited Sicily, to impress upon them the number and power of the cities and settlements on the island (6.2-6). This article offers a short introduction to the political situation the Athenians encountered in South Italy and Sicily. It is written with a minimum of documentation, apart from references to the text of Thucydides. (The spelling of proper names follows that used in the Penguin translation, from which quotations are also taken; some suggestions for further reading are given at the end.)

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Leighton, Robert. "Paolo Orsi (1859–1935) and the prehistory of Sicily." Antiquity 60, no. 228 (March 1986): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00057574.

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Born in Rovereto in the North of Italy during the Risorgimento, and a student at Padua, Vienna and Rome, Orsi is best known for his work in Sicily from 1888 onwards, as inspector and then director of the Syracuse museum. His long and distinguished career began with research in the Trentino where he studied the antiquities of all periods, and his first publication (the first of over 300) appeared in I 878. The Italian archaeological establishment, and prehistorians such as Pigorini, Chierici and Strobel, soon became aware of Orsi's tireless ability as a fieldworker and scholar in his home area. His stratigraphic excavations in the rock-shelter of Colombo di Mori in 1881, his particular interest in prehistory and his early three-fold division of the North Italian Neolithic in 1882 were notable and clearly marked the beginning of systematic research in the Trentino. Orsi became a regular contributor to the Bullettino di Paletnologia Italiana from 1882 and later other journals such as the Monumenti Antichi and the Notizie degli Scavi of the Accademia dei Lincei widely publicized his discoveries in Sicily. By 1893 the editors of the American Journal of Archaeology had drawn attention to his 'immense activity in Sicily , . . By his means Sicily is becoming the part of Italy where the most interesting excavations are being carried on' (293).

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Pane, A., M. G. Li Destri Nicosia, and S. O. Cacciola. "First Report of Phytophthora citrophthora Causing Fruit Brown Rot of Feijoa in Italy." Plant Disease 85, no. 1 (January 2001): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.1.97a.

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Feijoa (Feijoa sellowiana) is native to South America. In the early 20th Century it was introduced into Sicily (southern Italy), where it is grown as an ornamental plant and for its fruits. In 1985 a Phytophthora brown rot of feijoa fruits was reported in the province of Syracuse (eastern Sicily) (2). Several species of Phytophthora, including P. citricola, P. citrophthora, and P. nicotianae, were recovered from soil samples taken from trees with infected fruits. These species were experimentally inoculated on detached feijoa fruits and all incited symptoms of brown rot. However, only P. citricola was isolated from naturally infected fruits. In early autumn 1999, an outbreak of Phytophthora brown rot of feijoa fruits was observed in the Syracuse province, in the same site where the disease had been first recorded. P. citricola (95% of the isolates) and P. citrophthora (5% of the isolates) were recovered from symptomatic fruits. The species were identified on the basis of morphological and cultural characters according to Erwin and Ribeiro (1). The P. citricola isolates formed colonies with a distinctive chrysanthemum pattern on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), had an optimum temperature for radial growth of 25°C, and were homothallic with paragynous antheridia and spherical oogonia (mean diameter of oogonia= 20 μm). Sporangia, which were produced only in water or saline solution, were semi-papillate (often with two apices) and variable in shape. The P. citrophthora isolates formed petaloid colonies on PDA, had an optimum temperature of 25°C, and produced noncaducous, papillate (frequently bipapillate), ovoid to limoniform sporangia. They did not produce gametangia. The identification of both species was confirmed by the electrophoresis of mycelial proteins on polyacrylamide slab gel. The electrophoretic patterns of total proteins and four isozymes (alkaline phosphatase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase) of the P. citricola and P. citrophthora isolates from feijoa were identical to those of reference isolates of these two species from various other hosts. Conversely, they were clearly distinct from the electrophoretic patterns of reference isolates of P. cactorum, P. capsici, P. nicotianae, and P. palmivora. The random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns of the P. citrophthora isolates from feijoa obtained by polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) were compared with those of reference isolates of other species of Phytophthora and those of P. citrophthora isolates obtained from citrus trees with symptoms of trunk gummosis and root rot, grown in the immediate vicinity of feijoa trees. DNA was extracted and analyzed following previously described procedures, using 16 decamer primers (3). The RAPD-PCR patterns of the P. citrophthora isolates from feijoa were identical to those of the isolates from citrus but were distinct from those of reference isolates of the other species of Phytophthora, suggesting that inoculum of P. citrophthora may have originated from infected citrus trees. P. citricola is known as a causal agent of fruit brown rot of feijoa and guava (Psidium guajava), a closely related species (1). Conversely, this is the first report of natural infections of P. citrophthora on feijoa fruits. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro, 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN. (2) G. Magnano di San Lio and R. Tuttobene. Inf. Fitopatol. 85:43, 1985. (3) Q. Migheli et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 104:49, 1998.

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Leibrandt, Isabella. "A multimodal approach to reading language-image-text combinations." International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (November 28, 2022): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijss.v6i2.8396.

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The project presented here is an experience report carried out in a university C1 German course and based on the reading of F.C. Delius' novel The Walk from Rostock to Syracuse. This article aims to provide suggestions for the practical application and the linking types of language-image texts. The students re-live the protagonist's escape on a sailing boat across the Baltic Sea from Eastern Germany during Germany’s separation from the West to fulfill his dream of a journey through Italy. This text lends itself to be explored in a multimodal way, as it presupposes implicit knowledge that includes certain historical and cultural contextual references. Therefore, information and extra-textual images are necessary to visualise and understand the narrative. Both the reading process and the results of the multimodal project are recorded in a reading blog. This offers a variety of possibilities for linguistic expression and acquisition as the multimodal approach provides varied resources for activity-based reading and communicative learning among peers. Keywords: Images, intertextuality, literacy, multimodality, reading comprehension;

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حروز, عبد الغني. "Sicily Island - a historical study of civilization -." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 32 (June 20, 2017): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2017/v1.i32.6052.

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Sicily is located between the southern coast of Italy and the French coast near it to the south.[1] The distance between it and Africa: one hundred and twenty kilometers.[2] It is surrounded by three seas: the Ionian Sea to the east, the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north, and the Sicilian or African Sea to the south and west.[3] Sicily can be divided into three geographical regions: the Mazer region, the Notis region and the Danish region. As for its area, it is twenty-five thousand four hundred and sixty kilometers.[4] Among its famous cities is its capital: Balram, Catania, Mycenae, Syracuse, Notus, Gergent, Mazer, Tabarmin, Kasariana and Ragos.[5] to You were expelled from Paradise I am the latest news.[13] In addition to Jabal al-Nar, which is a mountain overlooking the sea and in it the great volcano, Ahmed bin Omar al-Athari said: “There is no volcano in this world more horrible in appearance than it, nor as impressive as its informant.

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Campisi-Pinto, Salvatore, Jan Adamowski, and Gideon Oron. "Erratum to: Forecasting Urban Water Demand Via Wavelet-Denoising and Neural Network Models. Case Study: City of Syracuse, Italy." Water Resources Management 27, no. 1 (September 12, 2012): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0122-1.

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Жил, Ж. П., and М. Плеска. "THE SCORRIONE WEST CEMETERY WITH CAVE VAULTS IN MODICA (RAGUSA, ITALY) IN SICILY DURING THE MIGRATION PERIOD." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 268 (June 10, 2023): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.268.7-18.

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Раскопки, проведенные в 2020 и 2021 гг. в пещерном могильнике Скоррионе «Запад» (Модика - Скоррионе, Рагуза, Сицилия / Modica - Scorrione W, Ragusa, Sicily), привели к открытию нескольких погребальных сооружений, выдолбленных в естественных скальных стенах каньона, где были изучены ингумации и стратиграфические слои заполнения. Среди предметов погребального инвентаря представлены элементы костюма и украшения V в. Они имеют исключительный характер для данного региона. В статье рассматриваются связи этих находок со Средиземноморьем и Центральной Европой, а также с воинской цивилизацией того времени. Предполагается, что находки в Скоррионе могут быть связаны с военными гарнизонами на периферийной территории Сиракуз в период вхождения Сицилии в состав «варварских» королевств. The excavation campaigns carried out in 2020 and 2021 at the hypogeal cemetery Scorrione West (Modica, Ragusa, Sicily) have resulted in discovery of several architectural structures cut out in the natural rock walls, as well as of well-preserved inhumation graves with well-preserved funerary goods. Among the latter, a number of clothing accessories and ornaments dating from the 5th century show an exceptional character in their regional background. The paper reviews connections between these finds and the Mediterranean and Central European regions, as well as with military sphere of that time. It is argued that the Scorrione finds may be linked to military posts in the peripheral territory of Syracuse, during the period when Sicily was part of «barbarian» kingdoms.

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Distefano, Salvatore, Fabiano Gamberi, Niccolò Baldassini, and Agata Di Stefano. "Quaternary Evolution of Coastal Plain in Response to Sea-Level Changes: Example from South-East Sicily (Southern Italy)." Water 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111524.

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During a cycle of sea-level variation, coastal environments develop in different position of the continental shelf following seaward and landward shift of the coastline. They vary widely in character, reflecting the wide range of process-regimes that are brought about during the different stages of sea-level variations. Within this scenario, the morphology of continental shelves, mainly resulting from the combined effect of tectonic activity and eustatism, plays an important role in controlling the features and the preservation of coastal environments. Coastal deposits formed along continental shelves in the past, during different stages of sea-level changes, consist of discontinuous and thin depositional bodies, thus their reconstruction can be best carried out through the interpretation of high-resolution seismic data. Such a research approach is adopted in the present study to investigate a portion of the continental shelf of the southernmost sector of SE Sicily, in the offshore of Marzamemi village (Syracuse). The interpretation of high-resolution “Sparker” profiles allowed us to reconstruct the evolution of alluvial and lagoonal environments, established on a substratum of Pliocene or more ancient marine deposits, with the detection of several seismic units and unconformity surfaces, which have been related to alternating sedimentation and erosional processes, depicting the sea-level change framework of glacial-interglacial phases, from the late Pleistocene onward.

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Casolo, Siro, Gabriele Milani, Carlo Alberto Sanjust, and Alberto Taliercio. "Maniace Castle in Syracuse, Italy: Comparison Between Present Structural Situation and Hypothetical Original Configuration by Means of Full 3D FE Models." Open Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (November 16, 2012): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501206010173.

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The Maniace Castle in Syracuse, Italy, built under Emperor Frederick II in the first half of the 13th century, is analyzed from a structural point of view by means of a detailed 3D Finite Element model. The castle was struck by many catastrophic events during the centuries, which heavily damaged the structure and caused subsequent changes in the origi-nal implant. After a concise description of the main architectural characteristics of the building and its actual state of degradation, two full 3D FE numerical analyses are discussed, representing respectively the present geometric configuration and that ob-tained after a hypothetical intervention aimed at reporting the structure into its original conceived shape. Conventional static analyses in the linear range are performed on such large scale meshes, under gravity loads and horizontal loads con-ventionally representing seismic excitation, respectively investigating the role played by self-weight into the degradation of some structural elements (particularly central columns of the hypostyle hall) and the effect induced by horizontal forces on both the global behavior and the local widespread local regions with positive stresses. On the basis of such numerical results, some useful observations to be considered in a future plan of restoration aimed at reporting the castle in its origi-nal configuration are finally provided.

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Avola, N., S. Guzzardi, D. Spadaro, E. Marletta, A. Valerio, S. Regolo, and D. Sgarlata. "DI-010 The importance of reporting lack of therapeutic response: the olanzapine case in the Syracuse Provincial Health Authority, Italy." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 21, Suppl 1 (February 24, 2014): A73.2—A74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.181.

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Vella, Adriana, Enrico Giarrusso, Clara Monaco, Clare Marie Mifsud, Sandra Agius Darmanin, Alessandra Raffa, Carla Tumino, Iuri Peri, and Noel Vella. "New Records of Callinectes sapidus (Crustacea, Portunidae) from Malta and the San Leonardo River Estuary in Sicily (Central Mediterranean)." Diversity 15, no. 5 (May 18, 2023): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15050679.

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The current study provides new data on the known records of the Atlantic blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896, from the Maltese Islands through two ovigerous female specimens collected from Salini (Malta), a Natura 2000 site, in August 2020. Additional new records of the species were also presented from the San Leonardo River estuary, Syracuse (Sicily, Italy), in August 2022. The specimens collected from both Malta and Sicily were identified using both morphological and molecular analyses. The latter has shown that all the specimens analysed share their mitochondrial DNA barcode region with the most recorded haplotype of the same species from the Mediterranean Sea. Knowing the new distribution and range expansion records of alien species is important for the continuous monitoring of marine alien species, which is essential for the implementation of the best possible mitigation measures. This is especially relevant for C. sapidus, as it is considered one of the worst invaders of the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, given that this alien species is edible, fishing for it may allow some control over its population size and further expansion. Knowing its distribution is crucial to inform fishers about its exact location, making such a mitigation measure more effective.

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Belfiore, C. M., C. Calabrò, S. A. Ruffolo, M. Ricca, Á. Török, A. Pezzino, and M. F. La Russa. "The susceptibility to degradation of stone materials used in the built heritage of the Ortygia island (Syracuse, Italy): A laboratory study." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 146 (October 2021): 104877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104877.

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Mosca, Alexandros, Giulio Dimaria, Daniele Nicotra, Francesco Modica, Maria Elena Massimino, Antonino F. Catara, Giuseppe Scuderi, Marcella Russo, and Vittoria Catara. "Soil Microbial Communities in Lemon Orchards Affected by Citrus Mal Secco Disease." Genes 15, no. 7 (June 21, 2024): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15070824.

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Mal secco is a vascular disease of citrus caused by the mitosporic fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. Soil containing infected plant material constitutes an inoculum source for root infections. In this study, the soil bacterial and fungal communities of five lemon orchards located in Syracuse Province (Sicily, Italy) affected by mal secco were analyzed. Soil samples were collected under lemon tree canopies and subjected to total genomic DNA extraction. The fungal DNA was detected through qPCR in all orchards, with variable concentrations. Bacterial and fungal communities were profiled using 16S and ITS amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing, respectively. According to our results, the relative abundances of the most represented bacterial phyla (e.g., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota) changed across the orchards, while in the fungal community, the phylum Ascomycota was dominant, with Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota abundances fluctuating. On the whole, β diversity analysis showed significant variation in the composition of the soil microbial communities across the orchards. This result was confirmed by the analysis of the core community (taxa present at ≥ 75% of total samples), where putative beneficial bacteria resulted in significantly enriched fungus-infected soil samples, suggesting complex microbial interactions. Our findings shed light on the composition and diversity of the soil microbiome in lemon orchards with the occurrence of mal secco infections.

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Catalano, Giuseppe Antonio, Federico Maci, Provvidenza Rita D’Urso, and Claudia Arcidiacono. "GIS and SDM-Based Methodology for Resource Optimisation: Feasibility Study for Citrus in Mediterranean Area." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020549.

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South Italy is characterised by a semi-arid climate with scarce rain and high evaporative demand. Since climate change could worsen this condition, the need to optimise water resources in this area is crucial. In citrus cultivation, which involves one of the most important crops bred in Southern Italy, and more generally in Mediterranean regions, deficit irrigation strategies are implemented in order to cope with limited resource availability. On this basis, knowledge on how the territorial distribution of citrus would change in relation to these strategies represents valuable information for stakeholders. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the probability of the presence of citrus in Sicily based on changes in the percentage of water deficit in order to identify and analyse change in the surface area as well as the location of the crop. The methodology was based on the application of species distribution models (SDM) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to the case study of the province of Syracuse in Sicily. Different geostatistical and machine learning models were applied based on bioclimatic variables measured over three decades, a Digital Terrain Model and irrigation. Assessment of the outcomes was carried out using classification evaluation metrics. The analysis of the outcomes showed that uncorrelated predictor layers mainly included water input that most affected the probability of the presence of citrus fruits. Moreover, GIS analyses showed that deficit irrigation strategies would generate an overall reduction of cultivation surfaces in the territory (e.g., for the Random Forest model the surface reduction was equal to 41.15%) and a decrease of citrus presence in southern areas of the considered territory. In this area, climate conditions are less favourable in terms of temperature and precipitation; thus, these analyses provide useful information for decision support tools in agriculture and land use policy.

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Ferlito, F., D. Spadaro, D. Sgarlata, R. Sorbello, S. Guzzardi, E. Migliorisi, N. Avola, S. Regolo, and G. Cacciaguerra. "CPC-136 The Effects of Using a Treatment Plan For Dispensing Biological Drugs in Rheumatic Diseases in ASP 8 of Syracuse, Italy." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 20, Suppl 1 (March 2013): A214.2—A214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000276.593.

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Vulpiani, G., L. Baldini, and N. Roberto. "Characterization of Mediterranean hail-bearing storms using an operational polarimetric X-band radar." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2015): 4681–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4681-2015.

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Abstract. This work documents the effective use of X-band radar observations for monitoring severe storms in an operational framework. Two severe hail-bearing Mediterranean storms that occurred in 2013 in southern Italy, flooding two important Sicilian cities, are described in terms of their polarimetric radar signatures and retrieved rainfall fields. The X-band dual-polarization radar operating inside the Catania airport (Sicily, Italy), managed by the Italian Department of Civil Protection, is considered here. A suitable processing is applied to X-band radar measurements. The crucial procedural step relies on the differential phase processing, being preparatory for attenuation correction and rainfall estimation. It is based on an iterative approach that uses a very short-length (1 km) moving window, allowing proper capture of the observed high radial gradients of the differential phase. The parameterization of the attenuation correction algorithm, which uses the reconstructed differential phase shift, is derived from electromagnetic simulations based on 3 years of drop size distribution (DSD) observations collected in Rome (Italy). A fuzzy logic hydrometeor classification algorithm was also adopted to support the analysis of the storm characteristics. The precipitation field amounts were reconstructed using a combined polarimetric rainfall algorithm based on reflectivity and specific differential phase. The first storm was observed on 21 February when a winter convective system that originated in the Tyrrhenian Sea, marginally hit the central-eastern coastline of Sicily, causing a flash flood in Catania. Due to an optimal location (the system is located a few kilometers from the city center), it was possible to retrieve the storm characteristics fairly well, including the amount of rainfall field at the ground. Extemporaneous signal extinction, caused by close-range hail core causing significant differential phase shift in a very short-range path, is documented. The second storm, on 21 August 2013, was a summer mesoscale convective system that originated from a Mediterranean low pressure system lasting a few hours that eventually flooded the city of Syracuse. The undergoing physical process, including the storm dynamics, is inferred by analyzing the vertical sections of the polarimetric radar measurements. The high registered amount of precipitation was fairly well reconstructed, although with a trend toward underestimation at increasing distances. Several episodes of signal extinction were clearly manifested during the mature stage of the observed supercells.

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Nocera, Francesco, Salvatore Giuffrida, Maria Rosa Trovato, and Antonio Gagliano. "Energy and New Economic Approach for Nearly Zero Energy Hotels." Entropy 21, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070639.

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The paper addresses an important long-standing question in regards to the energy efficiency renovation of existing buildings, in this case hotels, towards nearly zero-energy (nZEBs) status. The renovation of existing hotels to achieve a nearly zero-energy (nZEBs) performance is one of the forefront goals of EU’s energy policy for 2050. The achievement of nZEBs target for hotels is necessary not only to comply with changing regulations and legislations, but also to foster competitiveness to secure new funding. Indeed, the nZEB hotel status allows for the reduction of operating costs and the increase of energy security, meeting the market and guests’ expectations. Actually, there is not a set national value of nZEBs for hotels to be attained, despite the fact that hotels are among the most energy-intensive buildings. This paper presents the case study of the energy retrofit of an existing historical hotel located in southern Italy (Syracuse) in order to achieve nZEBs status. Starting from the energy audit, the paper proposes a step-by-step approach to nZEBs performance, with a perspective on the costs, in order to identify the most effective energy solutions. Such an approach allows useful insights regarding energy and economic–financial strategies for achieving nZEBs standards to highlighted. Moreover, the results of this paper provide, to stakeholders, useful information for quantifying the technical convenience and economic profitability to reach an nZEBs target in order to prevent the expenses necessary by future energy retrofit programs.

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SALVATI, EVA, CLAUDIO PROVENZANI, ANDREA D'AMBROSI, MARIA GRAZIA FINOIA, ELENA ROMANO, and Simonepietro Canese. "In situ observation of circadian rhythm of polyps’ opening and closing of the coral Dendrophyllia ramea (Linnaeus, 1758)." Mediterranean Marine Science 24, no. 3 (October 17, 2023): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.34250.

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A widespread population of the coral Dendrophyllia ramea has been revealed southeast of Syracuse (East Sicily, Italy) at around 75 m depth. Dendrophyllia ramea is an arborescent scleractinian coral, classified as “Vulnerable” in the Mediterranean IUCN Red List and listed in Annex B of the Barcelona Convention. It is considered rare because it is seldom recorded on the Mediterranean seabed. In situ observations of two selected colonies were carried out over three months using a custom-made underwater video recording system to increase knowledge about the ecology of the species, specifically its circadian rhythm. The area was also surveyed using a special navigation system integrated into a diver propulsion vehicle to map the colonies’ position and distribution. The rhythms of the opening and closing of Dendrophyllia ramea’s polyps during the day were studied and linked to environmental factors, such as temperature, water flow, and direction. The results show that Dendrophyllia ramea opens and closes its polyps according to its circadian rhythm and water flow in analogy with other anthozoans in different environments. The opening/closing frequency analysis showed that both colonies closed at least once daily with different periodicity; one colony closed on average a few hours earlier. This project gathered important information on D. ramea’s circadian rhythm, which is relevant for improving knowledge about the ecology of this species since it provides insights into its feeding behavior, reproduction seasonality, response to environmental changes, interactions with other species, and conservation needs.

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Trovato, Maria Rosa, Vittoria Ventura, Monia Lanzafame, Salvatore Giuffrida, and Ludovica Nasca. "Seismic–Energy Retrofit as Information-Value: Axiological Programming for the Ecological Transition." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (March 15, 2024): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062435.

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The research deals with the issue of the seismic and energy retrofit of historic building fabrics having as reference a historic district of Syracuse (Italy). The prospect of the ecological transition on the one hand and the public support funding on the other claim for a valuation programming approach implying the creation of multiple scenarios, each of which is inspired by a different and complementary degree of “saliency and urgency”. These two dimensions of “being worth” by a building aggregation having an its own shape and belonging to a larger and more complex urban system need to be addressed according to some axiological reference, in this case, the concerns of the efficiency and fairness of public spending. This experience concerns the creation of a value-based programming pattern of the seismic–energy retrofit process framed in a Building Information Modelling (BIM) environment aimed at identifying the best intervention strategy among the several ones that can be generated in the logic of the parametric design. Both seismic and energy retrofit expected performances, in fact, can be scaled, complementing the extension and intensity of the interventions. This experiment takes advantage of the BIM multidimensional logic in line with the multiple scales and purposes implied by the relationships between individual/communal axiological profiles and present/future prospects. The experiment consists of the creation of an additive cost-oriented design platform based on which the different and progressive combinations of intensity and extension of the interventions can be compared and selected.

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Strehlke, Carl Brandon. "Rab A. Hatfield, ed. Sandro Botticelli and Herbert Horne: New Research. The Villa Rossa Series: Intellectual Perspectives on Italy and Europe 5. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2009. xvi + 284 pp. index. illus. bibl. $24.95. ISBN: 978–88–95250–04–4." Renaissance Quarterly 63, no. 2 (2010): 591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655263.

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Locker, Jesse. "Jonathan K. Nelson, ed. Plautilla Nelli (1524–1588): The Painter-Prioress of Renaissance Florence. The Villa Rossa Series: Intercultural Perspectives on Italy and Europe 4. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2008. xv + 210 pp. index. illus. bibl. $24.95. ISBN: 978–88–9525003–8." Renaissance Quarterly 62, no. 2 (2009): 532–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599901.

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Minissale, Pietro, Alessandra Trigilia, Filadelfo Brogna, and Saverio Sciandrello. "Plants and Vegetation in the Archaeological Park of Neapolis of Syracuse (Sicily, Italy): A Management Effort and also an Opportunity for Better Enjoyment of the Site." Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 17, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 340–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13505033.2016.1175906.

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Perez-Sagaseta, I., S. Yelmo-Cruz, C. Cardenes-Moreno, L. Torres-Tejera, A. Crisostomo-Siverio, J. Dorta-Gonzalez, J. J. Tascon-Cervera, M. Paniagua-Gonzalez, S. Canessa, and M. R. Cejas-Mendez. "Fahr’s Disease: a case report of a patient with neuropsychiatric symptoms." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S769—S770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1622.

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IntroductionFahr’s disease (FD) is a rare disorder consisting of bilateral and symmetrical calcium deposits in basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. These lesions are associated with neurological and psychiatric symptoms such as a rigid hypokinetic syndrome, mood disorders and memory and concentration abnormalities. It can be idiopathic or secondary to endocrine disorders, infectious diseases or mitochondrial myopathies.ObjectivesTo highlight the importance of considering organic causes when evaluating patients presenting atypical psychiatric symptoms and claim the role of neuroimaging.MethodsCase report and non-systematic review of literature: sources obtained from Pubmed database.ResultsA 69-year-old man, native of Syracuse (Italy), was admitted to the Psychiatry Unit in February 2022 presenting behavioural disturbances and irritability. In July 2021 he presented the same symptoms, being mistakenly diagnosed with Bipolar Disease type I. He has no previous psychiatric history. He started with changes in his personality, short-term memory loss, aggressiveness and disorganized behaviour at the age of 66. At admission he was talkative and hyperfamiliar, presenting delusions of grandiosity, exalted affectivity and insomnia. Neurological examination showed short-term memory problems, signs of frontal disinhibition and abnormal glabellar tap sign. Blood tests, CT brain and MRI were performed to rule out organic underlying causes. Neuro-imaging found bilateral and symmetric calcifications in globus pallidus, thalamus and corpus striatum, in favour of FD. Secondary causes (abnormalities in the PTH, vitamin disorders and infectious diseases such as HIV, brucellosis or neurosyphilis) where discarded, allowing us to conclude it was probably a primary case of FD. Valproate was started as a mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant. Genetic tests were indicated.ConclusionsFD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the evaluation of psychiatric symptoms, especially when atypical and/or presented with neurological symptoms. The role of neuro-imaging is essential.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

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Magnano di San Lio, G., S. O. Cacciola, and A. Pane. "Race 1,2y of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis on Muskmelon in Sicily." Plant Disease 83, no. 11 (November 1999): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.1073a.

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Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is very important economically to agriculture in Italy. The Sicily area accounts for ≈40% of the total muskmelon production. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Leach & Currence) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans. is the most prevalent and damaging disease of muskmelon in Sicily. Use of cultivars with major resistance genes, Fom 1 and Fom 2, is the most effective control measure for combating the disease. During March 1999, severe infections of Fusarium wilt were noted in a commercial muskmelon crop, cv. Firmo F1, grown in plastic tunnels in Syracuse Province (eastern Sicily). The muskmelon seedlings had been transplanted into the tunnels during January 20 days after soil fumigation with methyl bromide. Firmo F1 possesses both Fom 1 and Fom 2 genes. Of 18,000 Firmo F1 plants, ≈6,500 showed symptoms consisting of stunting, vein clearing; leaf yellowing, wilting, and dying; brown necrotic streak; and gummy exudates on the basal portion of vines. A pinkish white mold developed on dead tissues when infected plants were kept at high relative humidity. The pathogenicity of both a single-conidium isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis from a symptomatic Firmo F1 plant and two isolates of races 0 and 1, recovered previously from other cultivars in Sicily and used as references, was tested with three differential muskmelon cultivars, Charentais T, Doublon, and CM 17187 (1), as well as three commercial cultivars, Ramon, Cassella, and Geamar (possessing Fom 1, Fom 2, and both Fom 1 and Fom 2 resistance genes, respectively). Muskmelon seedlings were inoculated by the root-dip method (3), using a suspension of 5 × 105 conidia per ml. Inoculated seedlings were transplanted to plastic pots filled with sterilized soil and placed in a greenhouse (25 to 30°C). Symptoms were scored 7 to 10 days after inoculation. The isolate from Firmo F1 was pathogenic to all cultivars tested, the race 0 isolate was pathogenic only to cv. Charentais T, and the race 1 isolate was pathogenic only to cvs. Charentais T, Doublon, and Ramon. F. oxysporum was reisolated from symptomatic plants. Based on its pathogenicity and symptomology, the isolate from Firmo F1 was classified as race 1,2y (yellows), according to the nomenclature proposed by Risser et al. (1). Race 1,2 poses a serious threat to muskmelon production in Sicily, because all currently used cultivars are susceptible to the race, and other control measures, such as preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide and solarization, are not as effective as use of resistant cultivars. Further study is needed to establish which is the prevalent race of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis in Sicily. This report confirms that race 1,2 occurs in all major muskmelon-production areas in Italy (2). References: (1) G. Risser et al. Phytopathology 66:1105, 1976. (2) G. Tamietti et al. Petria 4:103, 1994. (3) F. L. Wellman. Phytopathology 29:945, 1939.

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Cappello, Cheren, Salvatore Giuffrida, Maria Rosa Trovato, and Vittoria Ventura. "Environmental Identities and the Sustainable City. The Green Roof Prospect for the Ecological Transition." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2022): 12005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912005.

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This research deals with the issue of the recovery of the historic urban fabric with a view towards ecological transition, nowadays considered the preferable direction of sustainability for the reform of the house–city–landscape system. The massive incentives provided by the Italian government for sustainable building, in view of the post-pandemic economic recovery, risk being reduced to mere support for the real estate sector, which turns the financial transfer from the public into an increase in asset value for the private sector. Such an incentive system could contradict the original function of the city, which is to be the privileged place for social communication and the creation of the identity of settled communities. A process of property development that disregards the distribution of income favors the most valuable property, thus increasing the socioeconomic distance between centrality and marginality. The latter is a condition that often characterizes the parts of the historic city affected by extensive phenomena of physical and functional obsolescence of the built heritage, and it is less capable of attracting public funding. The increase of building decay and social filtering-down accelerates the loss and involution of neighborhood identities; the latter constitutes the psycho-social energy that helps preserve the physical, functional and anthropological integrity of the city, due to the differences that make its parts recognizable. This study, with reference to a neighborhood in the historic city of Syracuse (Italy), proposes a model of analysis, evaluation and planning of interventions on the buildings’ roofs, aimed at defining the best strategy for ecological–environmental regeneration. The model presented allows one to generate a multiplicity of alternative strategies that combine different uses of roofs: from the most sustainable green roofs, but that are less cost-effective from the identity and landscape point of view; to the most efficient photovoltaic roofs from the energy–environmental point of view; and up to the most cost-effective ones, the vertical extensions with an increase in building volume. The proposed tool is an inter-scalar multidimensional valuation model that connects the multiple eco-socio-systemic attitudes of individual buildings to the landscape, identity, energy–environmental and economic overall dimensions of the urban fabric and allows one to define and compare multiple alternative recovery hypotheses, evaluating their potential impacts on the built environment. The model allows the formation of 100 different strategies, which are internally coherent and differently satisfy the above four perspectives, and it provides the preferable ones for each of the five approaches practiced. The best strategy characterizes most green roofs, 427 out of 1075 building units, 277 blue roofs, 121 green–blue roofs and 46 grey roofs.

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Bo, Elena, Louena Shtrepi, David Pelegrín Garcia, Giulio Barbato, Francesco Aletta, and Arianna Astolfi. "The Accuracy of Predicted Acoustical Parameters in Ancient Open-Air Theatres: A Case Study in Syracusae." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081393.

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Nowadays, ancient open-air theatres are often re-adapted as performance spaces for the additional historical value they can offer to the spectators’ experience. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in the modelling and simulation of the acoustics of such spaces. These open-air performance facilities pose several methodological challenges to researchers and practitioners when it comes to precisely measure and predict acoustical parameters. Therefore this work investigates the accuracy of predicted acoustical parameters, that is, the Reverberation Time (T20), Clarity (C80) and Sound Strength (G), taking the ancient Syracusae open-air theatre in Italy as a case study. These parameters were derived from both measured and simulated Impulse Responses (IR). The accuracy of the acoustic parameters predicted with two different types of acoustic software, due to the input variability of the absorption and scattering coefficients, was assessed. All simulated and measured parameters were in good agreement, within the range of one “just noticeable difference” (JND), for the tested coefficient combinations.

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Varrica, Daniela, Federica Lo Medico, and Maria Grazia Alaimo. "Air Quality Assessment by the Determination of Trace Elements in Lichens (Xanthoria calcicola) in an Industrial Area (Sicily, Italy)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 9746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159746.

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This study provides data on variation in the content of metals and metalloids measured in the lichens (Xanthoria calcicola Oxner) collected in the Syracusan petrochemical complex (Sicily, Italy) which is considered one of the largest in Europe. Concentrations of eighteen trace elements measured in the lichens that were collected from 49 different points were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) device. The concentrations of the typical elements of industrial emissions (As, Cr, Ni, and V) highlight the environmental criticality that exists in the study area. The interpretation of the data in terms of multi-element statistical analysis (FA) and enrichment factor (EFs) proved to be particularly useful in identifying several sources that contribute to the presence of trace elements in the atmospheric particulate between anthropogenic emissions and geogenic emissions. The results of this study reveal the versatility of the lichen species Xanthoria calcicola Oxner in the search for trace elements in highly anthropized environments, so the approach followed in this study can also be applied to other industrial contexts.

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Griffith, Alison B. "ARCHITECTURAL TERRACOTTAS - P. Lulof, C. Rescigno (edd.) Deliciae Fictiles IV. Architectural Terracottas in Ancient Italy. Images of Gods, Monsters and Heroes. Proceedings of the International Conference held in Rome (Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Royal Netherlands Institute) and Syracuse (Museo Archeologico Regionale ‘Paolo Orsi’), October 21–25, 2009. Pp. xiv + 634, ills, maps, colour pls. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2011. Cased, £40, US$80. ISBN: 978-1-84217-426-5." Classical Review 63, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x12003228.

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Ciaburro, Giuseppe, Umberto Berardi, Gino Iannace, Amelia Trematerra, and Virginia Puyana-Romero. "The acoustics of ancient catacombs in Southern Italy." Building Acoustics, October 28, 2020, 1351010X2096757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x20967571.

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The catacombs, burial sites for early Christians, were constructed during the Roman Empire until the Christian religion was recognized in 313 AD. The catacombs were cementeries, which were organized according to precise rules and were dug into the ground on several levels, to occupy as little space as possible. The catacombs became places of worship as martyrs were buried in them. The catacombs were then abandoned with the barbarian invasions and the consequent construction of churches inside cities. The catacombs were rediscovered during the Renaissance period and became a place of renewed worship. In the present work, the acoustic characteristics of the catacombs of San Callisto in Rome, San Gennaro in Naples, and Vigna Cassia in Syracuse are discussed. The three selected catacombs differ by type of excavation and geometry. In particular, the catacombs of San Callisto are made of narrow corridors and small rooms; the catacombs of San Gennaro consist of large rooms with niches; the catacombs of Vigna Cassia are partly excavated in the tuff and partially occupy a disused aqueduct. The acoustic measurements were performed using an impulsive sound source. The description of the acoustic characteristics focuses on the reverberation time and the Speech Transmission Index. The results show that the reverberation time was always shorter than 1 second, confirming the reduced reverberation of these environments. Finally, the speech listening characteristics are particularly good, ensuring the suitable conditions for the prayer in these spaces.

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Ivanova, Elena S., Mirella Clausi, Diego Leone, and Sergei E. Spiridonov. "Phasmarhabditis villasmundi sp. n. infecting land gastropods in the Nature Reserve ‘Speleological Complex Villasmundo – S. Alfio’ in Syracuse Province, Sicily." Nematology, December 20, 2022, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-bja10212.

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Summary A new nematode species, Phasmarhabditis villasmundi sp. n., was isolated from land gastropods in the Villasmundo-S. Alfio Nature Reserve in Syracuse Province, Sicily. Phasmarhabditis villasmundi sp. n. is characterised by the presence of males and females in the population and is recognised mainly by a conical female tail with prominent phasmids at its mid-length, spicules ca 82 μm long with a hole at the distal tip, infective juveniles with an average length of 773 μm and the distinct molecular characteristics of the new species. It is the second member of the genus described from Italy apart from P. apuliae Nermut’ et al., 2016 and is morphologically closest to this species. However, phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and D2-D3 LSU placed P. villasmundi sp. n. close to European P. neopapillosa and P. hermaphrodita, while P. apuliae appeared to be related to P. bohemica and the New World’s P. californica.

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Merlone, Andrea, Luigi Pasotti, Chiara Musacchio, Pierre Bessemoulin, Manola Brunet, Khalid El Faldi, Philip Jones, et al. "Evaluation of the highest temperature WMO region VI Europe (continental): 48.8°C, Siracusa Sicilia, Italy on August 11, 2021." International Journal of Climatology, January 30, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.8361.

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AbstractA maximum temperature of 48.8°C (119.8°F) was purportedly recorded for the automated station in Siracusa (Syracuse) Contrada Monasteri, on the island of Sicilia (Sicily) Italy on August 11, 2021. A World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ad hoc evaluation committee was assembled to assess the possibility that the Sicilia temperature was the highest recorded temperature in WMO Region VI (continental only). After a detailed review of the site considerations and of the regional synoptic weather conditions, combined with detailed sensor testing and calibration by the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), the WMO evaluation committee concluded (and the Rapporteur accepted) that (1) on August 11, 2021 the high temperature recorded for the automated station in Siracusa C. da Monasteri, did reach a maximum value of 48.8°C (119.8°F), (2) that temperature is recommended to be listed as the WMO official “highest recorded temperature in WMO Region VI (continental only)” and (3) although, as the INRiM testing established, the recorded value of 48.8°C is actually an underestimate of the temperature, the committee recommend that the recorded (likely conservative) value of 48.8°C be the value listed in the Archive. An arbitrated archive of current weather and climate extremes is one means of ensuring that we have the best possible data for climate change analysis and public dissemination.

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Caggiani, Maria Cristina, Marco Cavarra, Germana Barone, Alessia Coccato, Angela Maria Manenti, and Paolo Mazzoleni. "Corroborating the autoptic identification of archeological glyptics in museum collections: The contribution of portable Raman spectroscopy." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, August 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6588.

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AbstractA collection of Hellenistic–Roman glyptics, kept at the Regional Archaeological Museum “Paolo Orsi” (Syracuse, Italy), was investigated in situ with portable Raman spectroscopy with the aim of assessing the viability of this approach, not only for the immediate identification of the gemstones but also for a more in‐depth successive data treatment. At the same time, a corroboration of the autoptic identification of the materials, both archeological and belonging to historical collections, was looked for in order to verify and potentially correct what reported in the museum catalogue. Actually, most of the identifications could be confirmed, the glyptics being mainly made of chalcedony. Other materials found were garnet, glass, and amber. The larger group of chalcedony Raman spectra was subjected to principal components analysis treatment that, after appropriate pretreatment, resulted successful in separating spectra with higher or lower contribution of the band due to the presence of moganite and SiOH bonds. The garnet spectra were instead subjected to quantitative study to identify the main end member. Both the quick identifications and the more detailed studies on chalcedonies and garnets were achieved thanks to the nondestructive and noninvasive investigation, directly in situ, with no sample preparation and minimal interference with the museum's activities.

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Guadagno, Eleonora, and Elio Manzi. "Jeannette Power e Benedetto Marzolla. Incroci tra eccellenze “geografiche” nel Sud." Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana, April 14, 2023, 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/bsgi-1738.

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Jeannette Villepreux Power (1794-1871) has been an important scientist in the 19th century, primarily a marine biologist. Having lived for a long time in Messina, when the city of the Straits played an important cultural and economic role in the Sicily of the time and throughout the Kingdom, she matured a detailed and, in some regards, original knowledge of the region and translated it into a Guide to Sicily published in Naples at Cirelli’s in 1842. The Guide was accompanied by one of the most valuable chorographic maps, a lithograph work by the great cartographer Benedetto Marzolla, namely, the best that could be displayed at that time. There are also three plans or topographies of archaeological sites, Syracuse, Girgenti/Agrigento and Selinunte, the chalcographic work of Gabriello De Sanctis, a well-known cartographer and publishing operator in the Nineteenth Century. Power’s Guide and Marzolla’s map of Sicily show considerable geographical interest for two reasons: the author’s territorial and cultural observations and Marzolla’s technical skill and cartographic artistry, a combination hard to find elsewhere; and a further indication of the vibrancy and validity of the cartographic, geographical and territorial culture pertaining in Naples and the Kingdom (e.g., Messina) in the Nineteenth Century, trends that were dormant and denied after the Unification of Italy.

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Fazzo, Lucia, Mario Carere, Francesco Tisano, Caterina Bruno, Achille Cernigliaro, Maria Rita Cicero, Pietro Comba, et al. "Cancer incidence in Priolo, Sicily: a spatial approach for estimation of industrial air pollution impact." Geospatial Health 11, no. 1 (April 18, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/gh.2016.320.

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The territory around the industrial Sicilian area of Priolo, Italy, has been defined as a contaminated site (CS) of national priority for remediation because of diffuse environmental contamination caused by large industrial settlements. The present study investigates the spatial distribution of cancer into the CS territory (period 1999-2006). Different geographical methods used for the evaluation of the impact of industrial air pollutants were adopted. Using the database of Syracuse Province Cancer Registry, gender-specific standardised incidence ratios were calculated for 35 tumour sites for the CS overall and for each municipality included in the CS. A cluster analysis for 17 selected neoplasms was performed at micro-geographical level. The identification of the priority index contaminants (PICs) present in environmental matrices and a review of their carcinogenicity have been performed and applied in the interpretation of the findings. The area has a higher cancer incidence with respect to the provincial population, in particular excess is registered among both genders of lung, bladder and breast cancers as well as skin melanoma and pleural mesothelioma and there is an a priori evidence of association with the exposure to PICs. The study highlights the need to provide different approaches in CSs where several exposure pathways might be relevant for the population. The presence of potential sources of asbestos exposure deserves specific concern.

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Verde, Alberto. "OILANDSCAPES / Coupling ecological and social dimensions with oil infrastructures in Adriatic-Ionian region." Scientific Journal of the Observatory of Mediterranean Basin Vol. 3, Issue 3 (December 2, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/o41003119.

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The aim of the paper is to explore the potential of oil industry landscapes if ‘coupled’ with new socio-ecologic realms, for the definition of a innovative local development processes. It will lead the reader in understanding, firstly, the conceptual transition from previous ‘oil infrastructures’ to ‘oil meshes’, necessary to set the analytical and designing scale of our proposed OILANDSCAPES. Starting from the assumption that ‘oil infrastructures’ have always played an important role in the definition of the stratified territorial morphology and that can be considered as cultural heritage because of their socio-cultural values, in the first part the paper focuses on the definition of three kinds of oil landscapes: upstream, midstream and downstream landscapes. Then, it leads the reader’s attention on ‘oil infrastructures’ concept which is tightly related to an engineering approach in territorial planning. In the second part, the paper wants to introduce the suggested transition from ‘oil infrastructures’ to ‘oil meshes’ concept, supporting the idea that these three kinds of landscape have to be studied as a unique realm, so enlarging our point of view towards the territorial scale. After, the paper introduces the two current issues which are differently affecting oil industry on the Western coasts of Adrion region and on the Eastern ones: the crisis of the downstream sector in the first case, and the increasing in exploration and production oil activities in the second one. The effects of these local and regional dynamics will influence the territorial ‘oil meshes’ in their entirety. Therefore, ‘oil meshes’ are questioned to be responsive to a de-engineering reconversion process in one case and to be sensitive to innovative planning tools in the other one. In the third part, two case studies, representative of the opposite outlined current trends, are identified thanks to their concentration of oil infrastructures: the South-Eastern Sicilian oil district (Gela-Ragusa- Syracuse) in Italy and the Myzeqe plain oil district (Fier-Patos-Marinza-Ballsh-Kucova) in Albania.

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Caminiti, Rodolfo, Giampaolo Vetta, Antonio Parlavecchio, Paolo Mazzone, Giuseppe Giacchi, Giorgio Sacchetta, Domenico Giovanni Della Rocca, et al. "773 CONTRAST-ENHANCED EXCIMER LASER CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY IN THE TREATMENT OF HEAVILY CALCIFIED LESIONS: A STEPWISE APPROACH." European Heart Journal Supplements 24, Supplement_K (December 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac121.305.

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Abstract Introduction The treatment of heavily calcified lesions is a challenge for the interventional cardiologist. The Excimer laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) is a plaque modification tool and the main mechanism of action seems to be the photomechanical delivering acoustic pressure with a mechanical disruption of the plaque in front of the catheter tip. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the contrast-enhanced ELCA by a stepwise approach, with incremental frequency/fluency in the treatment of calcified lesions in different contexts. Methods We retrospectively enrolled consecutively all patients undergoing contrast-enhanced ELCA-assisted PCIs between 2018 and 2021 at the Cardiology Unit of “Umberto I” Hospital of Syracuse (Italy). The frequency/fluency ELCA profile used with a stepwise approach were 50/50, 60/60, 70/70 and 80/80. ELCA technical success was defined as the laser catheter crossing the entire length of the target lesion established by angiographic evidence of the catheter tip in the artery distal to the stenosis. Procedural success was defined as <30% residual stenosis after laser and adjunctive therapy. Clinical success requested procedural success with absence of major adverse cardiac events at hospital discharge. Major adverse cardiac events included death of all causes, myocardial infarction, need for target lesion revascularization, tamponade, and life-threatening arrhythmias. Results We enrolled 114 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced ELCA-assisted PCI. 58% of the patients had acute coronary syndrome and 42% had chronic coronary syndrome. The left anterior descending artery was the target vessel in 42.1% of cases, the right coronary artery in 26.3%, the circumflex in 10.5%, and the left main artery in 2.3%. The main indication for ELCA was intrastent restenosis (56.2%). The median stenosis was 90% (80% – 90%). The ELCA catheter tip was 0.9 mm and 1.4 mm was employed in the 89.5% and 10.5% of cases respectively. The most used frequency/fluency profile was 70/70 (39.5%) followed by 60/60 (31.6%), 50/50 (15.8%) and 80/80 (13.2%). Use of contrast-enhanced ELCA was associated with high technical success rate (97.4%), procedural success rate (93.7%), and clinical success rate (97.1%). Conclusions In Conclusion, the contrast-enhanced ELCA seems to be a safe and effective treatment for management of calcified lesions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Syracuse (Italy)'

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