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Journal articles on the topic 'Syrian refugee'
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1
Kaya, Ayhan. "A Tale of Two Cities: Aleppo and Istanbul." European Review 25, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798717000084.
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There are 7.6 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Syria, and an additional 5 million people have taken refuge in Syria’s immediate neighbourhood: Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. Among these countries, due to its open border policy, Turkey has received the largest number of Syrian refugees. As of 31 August 2016, there are more than 3 million Syrian refugees in Turkey. This article will concentrate on the findings of a recent qualitative and quantitative study conducted among Syrian refugees in Istanbul, with a particular focus on their strong attachment to this city. I shall claim that historical, cultural and religious forms of affinity are likely to particularly attach the Sunni-Muslim-Arab-Syrians originating from Aleppo province to Istanbul. This article is expected to contribute to the discipline of Refugee Studies by shedding light on the historical and human elements, which are often the missing elements in such analysis.
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Dogutas, Aysun. "Gender Based Violence against Syrian Refugee Women in Turkey." Border Crossing 9, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v9i2.811.
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Following the outbreak of war in Syria, many people had to move to neighbouring countries and beyond. Hence Turkey received a large number of Syrians as refugees since 2011. Syrian refugee women faced challenges arising from them being refugees and women. These experiences are not dissimilar to other refugee women’s experiences around the world. This study aimed at analysing the news about Syrian refugee women in Turkish newspapers. Four well established Turkish newspapers with nationwide distribution (i.e. Habertürk, Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet and Internethaber) were screened between 2015 and 2019. It was found that Syrian women refugees faced gender-based violence in Turkey. Their experiences as concubines, and in prostitution as well as sexual assaults were mentioned in the news articles we have analysed.
3
Yalim, Asli Cennet, and Isok Kim. "Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs of Syrian Refugees: A Literature Review and Future Directions." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 833–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21633.
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Since 2011, the Syrian refugee crisis has resulted in a massive displacement of Syrians, inside and outside of Syria. The enormous psychosocial needs of displaced Syrians have been documented by various reports and studies. With expected arrivals of Syrian refugees resettling in the United States in the near future, the intensity of the challenges for both resettlement agencies and the Syrian refugees themselves are expected to increase. A literature review was conducted for publications produced between March 2011 and January 2017. Academic and grey literature were explored to provide an overview of the psychosocial well-being and cultural characteristics of Syrians. Additionally, current models were analyzed to identify future directions for social work practice. It is vital to understand the Syrian refugee crisis through a multidisciplinary lens. Responding to the challenges found among Syrians requires deliberate consideration for sociocultural, historical, and political issues that uniquely describe them and their contexts. Identifying psychosocial needs may facilitate other aspects of resettlement outcomes, such as employment, education, and social integration. Incorporating a holistic model that reflects trauma-informed and human rights perspectives into clinical as well as policy practices is critical for better overall resettlement outcomes for Syrian refugees, and refugee populations in general.
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Gümüş, Burak, and Deniz Eroğlu. "Partial integration of Syrian ‘escapees’ under the rule of Turkey's Justice and Development Party (JDP)." Contemporary Arab Affairs 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 469–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2015.1080965.
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This article deals with the policy of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) in Turkey with regard to Syrian ‘refugees’. Initially referred to as ‘guests’, they were subsequently granted the official status of ‘temporary protection’. The article also covers efforts to incorporate the Syrians into some areas of Turkish society (the job market, healthcare, citizenship, the housing market, social prominence and marriage relationships). It is argued that the JDP's policy towards the Syrians is based on ideological–sectarian reasons. It also contends that Turkey has struggled to deal with the mass influx from Syria into Turkey, since it did not have the proper legal infrastructure to deal with mass refugee influxes. This has rendered the management of the refugees' stay in Turkey problematic and confused. This study provides a novel contribution to the study of the Syrian refugee issue by scrutinizing the JDP's nation-building project and the partial integration of Syrian refugees into Turkish society as an unexpected result of this policy.
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Atrooz, Fatin, Tzuan A. Chen, Brian Biekman, Ghalya Alrousan, Johanna Bick, and Samina Salim. "Displacement and Isolation: Insights from a Mental Stress Survey of Syrian Refugees in Houston, Texas, USA." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052547.
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(1) Background: Syrians are the largest forcibly displaced population in the world. Approximately 20,000 Syrian refugees have resettled in the United States (US) since the civil war in Syria began in 2011, with an estimated 130 families resettling in Houston, Texas. We conducted a pilot study with the objective of examining the physical and mental well-being of the Houston Syrian refugee population. (2) Methods: Online surveys were conducted using psychometrically valid instruments including Afghan Symptom Checklist (ASC), Refugee Post-Migration Stress Scale (RPMSS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ) (3) Results: According to independent t-tests, Syrian refugee females scored higher than males on ASC (37.78 vs. 31.64, p = 0.0446), particularly in the subscales of sadness with social withdrawal (28.89 vs. 24.31, p = 0.0495), and stress-induced reactivity (6.56 vs. 4.86, p = 0.0004). Similarly, females scored higher than males in RPMSS (60.54 vs. 45.15, p = 0.0022), including the social strain domain (8.08 vs. 5.18, p = 0.0204). In PSS and SRQ, Syrian refugee females reported comparable stress and distress scores as males. (4) Conclusions: Syrian refugee females reported higher stress and distress than males. Displacement from their home country and social strain were the major sources of stress in Syrian refugee females, as indicated in RPMSS.
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Koca, Burcu Togral. "New Social Movements: “Refugees Welcome UK”." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n2p96.
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This study addresses the dynamics of new social movements with a special emphasis on the “Refugees Welcome UK” in the light of the Syrian refugee crisis. Since March 2011, over four millions of people have fled civil war in Syria and sought refuge mainly in neighbouring countries, such as Turkey, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon. However, precarious living circumstances and uncertain legal status in these countries have forced hundreds of thousands of Syrians to head for Europe in quest for a better life. The European countries, on the other hand, have adopted restrictive approaches towards Syrian refugees. Among these European countries, the UK has been the most criticized one because of its indifference to the plight of Syrian refugees. Under the leadership of David Cameron, the UK has taken a restrictive stance on accepting Syrian refugees and resisted any solution attempts at the EU level. Contrary to this anti-refugee approach at the state level, there emerged social movements in support of refugees throughout the UK. The most prominent one is the “Refugees Welcome” movement engaging in various strategies, ranging from seeking donation to raising public awareness. Building upon the insights of “New Social Movements” paradigm and using documentary analysis, this article explores the dynamics of this movement, its demands and objectives, social base, organizational structure, mobilization strategies and medium of action and social location. The article seeks to contribute both to the literature on social movements and to the current debate on refugees.
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Kadavan, Abdul Samad. "The Journey to Death: Fictionalizing the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Khaled Hosseini’s Sea Prayer." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 5 (October 14, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i5.283.
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This paper explores the fictional representation of the Syrian refugee crisis in Khaled Hosseini's novel Sea Prayer (2018). The novel is considered a refugee narrative, examining the question of home, displacement, and the fateful journeys of the Syrian refugees. The novel depicts the heart-wrenching experiences of the refugee community in war-torn Syrian city Homs before and after the outbreak of the civil war in the country. Evoking the tragic death of Alan Kurdi, Hosseini vividly illustrates the various dimensions of the Syrian refugee crisis, including the outbreak of the civil war in Syria and the eventual birth of refugees, their homelessness/statelessness, perilous journey to escape the persecution, xenophobic attitudes towards them, and post-war trauma. This paper draws on postcolonial refugee narratives, concept of journeys of non-arrival, memory, and trauma studies to elucidate its argument. The contention here is that the current crisis in Syria is also accounted for by analyzing the fictional refugee narratives. The unspeakable trauma is communicated through fiction, and Hosseini’s novel depicts the dangers engulfed and the hope entrusted in the refugees’ journeys.
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Kadavan, Abdul Samad. "The Journey to Death: Fictionalizing the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Khaled Hosseini’s Sea Prayer." International Journal of English and Comparative Literary Studies 2, no. 5 (October 14, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/ijecls.v2i5.283.
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This paper explores the fictional representation of the Syrian refugee crisis in Khaled Hosseini's novel Sea Prayer (2018). The novel is considered a refugee narrative, examining the question of home, displacement, and the fateful journeys of the Syrian refugees. The novel depicts the heart-wrenching experiences of the refugee community in war-torn Syrian city Homs before and after the outbreak of the civil war in the country. Evoking the tragic death of Alan Kurdi, Hosseini vividly illustrates the various dimensions of the Syrian refugee crisis, including the outbreak of the civil war in Syria and the eventual birth of refugees, their homelessness/statelessness, perilous journey to escape the persecution, xenophobic attitudes towards them, and post-war trauma. This paper draws on postcolonial refugee narratives, concept of journeys of non-arrival, memory, and trauma studies to elucidate its argument. The contention here is that the current crisis in Syria is also accounted for by analyzing the fictional refugee narratives. The unspeakable trauma is communicated through fiction, and Hosseini’s novel depicts the dangers engulfed and the hope entrusted in the refugees’ journeys.
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Alkhawaldeh, Ahmad. "Syrian Refugees’ Children Instructional Challenges and Solutions in Jordan: Teachers’ and Parents’ Perspectives." BORDER CROSSING 8, no. 2 (July 10, 2018): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i2.448.
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As a neighboring country to Syria, Jordan received a large influx of Syrian refugees whose children’s education has been a huge challenge to the Jordaninan educational system. The present qualitative study investigates the educational challenges Syrian refugee children faced with possible solutions to overcome them. Therefore, a conveniently selected sample of twenty four participants (twelve Syrian refugee teachers and twelve Syrian refugee parents) filled out an open questionnaire on Syrian refugee students’ instructional challenges, the reasons for such challenges and the solutions to surmount them. The major challenges, according to Syrian refugees’ teachers, revolved around lack of achievement among refugee children, lack of devotion to school learning responsibilities, insufficient refugee teacher training, refugee children’s behavioral difficulties and overcrowded classrooms. According to Syrian refugee parents, most of these challenges encompassed deterioration in instructional achievement, lack of school assignments, carelessness to achieve well in Match and English, lack of high qualifications among refugee parents, difference in interest in French in Syria and English in Jordan, violent behaviors among refugee children because of the war situation and absence of one of their parents. Other challenges included vague attitudes towards learning, lack of concentration in exams, quick irritation, stubbornness, negative attitude toward schooling, mis-behaviors by classmates and difference between school and home instruction. Most of the reasons for such challenges belonged to the war condition and the psychological traumas and social circumstances of refugee children. Recommended proposals embodied strengthening school/parents communication, training refugee teachers and tackling refugee children’s psychological problems.
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Aydin, Ulviyye. "The Syrian Refugee Crisis: New Negotiation Chapter In European Union-Turkey Relations." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 2 (July 2016): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2016.19.2.102.
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Syria is one of the countries where a revolution wave named Arab Spring uprose in early 2011. The most radical discourse from Arab Spring into the still ongoing civil wars took place in Syria as early as the second half of 2011. At the beginning it was a civil protest against Assad’s government. Nobody could not estimate the future developments in Syria. The cost of the war in Syria increases every day. More than 250,000 Syrians have lost their lives in four-and-a-half years of armed conflict, which began with anti-government protests before escalating into a full-scale civil war. More than 11 million others have been forced from their homes as forces loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and those opposed to his rule battle each other - as well as jihadist militants from Islamic State. Mixed featured developments and longer resistance of Assad’s regime than estimated escalated tension in Syria in last four and half years. As a result, many countries in the Middle East, such as Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon, also Turkey, Serbia, Germany, Sweden, Hungary, Austria, Netherlands, Bulgaria are the sides that should pay a cost of the Syrian war. These states spend a remarkable budget for the Syrian refugees. Economic expenditure is just one dimension of Syrian refugee crisis. Movement of Syrian refugees to the European countries passing Turkish borders is one of the biggest migration crisis of the modern world history. Considering multifaced impacts of the migration, the aim of this paper is to analyze the Syrian refugee crisis as a new negotiation headline between the Europan Union and Turkey.
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Öztek, Abdullah Selim. "Effect of Syrian Refugees on Native Family Formation: Marriage and Divorce Trends in Turkey." Journal of Humanity and Society (insan & toplum) 12, no. 2 (June 16, 2022): 111–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12658/m0653.
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After the civil war in Syria, Turkey faced a massive refugee wave, making Turkey the top refugee-hosting country in the world. Besides the economic burden of this refugee population, various field surveys reveal that Turkish citizens have some negative perceptions about the refugees. One of the leading concerns on refugees is their possible effects on native family formation by affecting marriage and divorce rates. This study examines the effect of the Syrian refugees on family formation by comparing the trends in different geographical areas of Turkey. While border cities and relatively developed cities host a significant number of Syrians, there are few Syrians living in cities away from the border. By conducting spatial analysis, the study checks whether there is a change in divorce/marriage rates in cities with a high concentration of refugees compared to cities with fewer refugees. By considering the endogenous location choice of the refugees, the study proposes a distance-based instrument to overcome the endogeneity problem in a Difference-in-Differences setting. Results indicate that the refugees do not affect the existing trends in divorce rates and divorce cases. However, there is a limited adverse impact on official marriages. A 1% increase in the refugee ratio corresponds to a 0.03% reduction in official marriages.
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Refai, Deema, Radi Haloub, and John Lever. "Contextualizing entrepreneurial identity among Syrian refugees in Jordan." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 19, no. 4 (January 8, 2018): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750317750322.
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This article aims to contextualize the entrepreneurial identity (EI) of Syrian refugees living outside refugee camps in Jordan. The research adopts a social lens to consider the situation Syrians find themselves in by drawing on the work of Bourdieu. A qualitative design is applied to explore the different experiences and perceptions that pervade refugee stories and the work of refugee aid agencies. By contextualizing EI in the Jordanian context, the article reveals how a destabilized refugee habitus based on an embodied disposition of survivability is emerging. The article makes an empirical and conceptual contribution by highlighting how the entrepreneurial activities of Syrian refugees are driven by their experiences of the harsh social conditions they find themselves in.
13
Zuntz, Ann-Christin. "Refugees’ Transnational Livelihoods and Remittances: Syrian Mobilities in the Middle East Before and After 2011." Journal of Refugee Studies 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1400–1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab016.
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Abstract Pursuing an ethnographic approach, this article explores how Syrians’ pre-war kinship-based networks have oriented livelihoods strategies for refugees in Jordan after 2011. Drawing on long-term fieldwork (2015–2017) in northern Jordan, I argue that seasonal migration was a livelihoods strategy for Syria’s rural poor long before 2011, serving as their old-age provision and contributing to rural development. Since 2011, conflict-induced displacement and border closures have reshaped Syrians’ transnational kinship-based networks: geographically, but also with regard to the diversification of sources of income and gendered responsibilities. In Jordan, Syrian refugees mobilize pre-war transnational ties to access jobs in agriculture and the humanitarian sector, and distribute their income through kinship-based cross-border networks. These ethnographic findings challenge a localized understanding of refugee livelihoods, demonstrating that the household economies of refugees, migrants, and those left behind, in Syria, Jordan, the Gulf countries, and now Europe, are intertwined. In closing, I provide recommendations about how a networked understanding of refugee livelihoods can inform the COVID-19 emergency response, and help create decent jobs for displaced people in the Global South.
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Gülerce, Hakan. "Migration and Uncertainties: The Ordeal of Syrian Women Refugees with Missing Spouses." Journal of Humanity and Society (insan & toplum) 10, no. 3 (September 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12658/v0001.
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The ongoing civil war in Syria has caused millions of people to migrate across the border in order to save their lives. However, as they reached on safer grounds, they were left homeless. This migration has been occurring intensively to countries with borders neighboring Syria. Turkey has the highest number of refugees among Syria’s neighboring countries, harboring close to four million Syrian refugees. There are only a small proportion of the Syrian refugee population living in temporary accommodation centers as the larger part is scattered throughout the various provinces of Turkey. Although they encounter certain problems that relate to different provinces, most of the troubles experienced by the refugees are common to all of them.
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Kitishat, Amal Riyadh, Murad Al Kayed, and Mohammad Al-Ajalein. "A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordanian Newspapers." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n6p195.
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The present study employs corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis to investigate the attitudes of Jordanian news towards the Syrian refugee crisis. The corpus of the research, which consists of 10140 articles (Word types: 103170 and Word tokens: 1956589), were taken from the Petra news agency between 2016 and 2018. Antconc Tools Version 3.4.4w was used to analyze the data. The study used corpus statistical tools of collocates and concordance. Collocates tool used to create a list of 200 collocates associated with the words: /lad3iʔ/ ‘refugee’, /lad3iʔi:n/ ‘refugees’, /su:ri:/ ‘Syrian’, and /su:ryi:n/ ‘Syrians’. These collocates were organized into two thematic categories: ‘services and resources’ and ‘Jordanians and Syrians’. The study used a concordance tool to unveil the attitudes of newspapers towards the Syrian refugee crisis. The findings of the study showed that Jordanians see Syrians as “brothers” and “guests”. However, Jordanian newspapers overstated the negative effect of Syrian refugees on the Jordanian economy, education, healthcare, etc. Jordanians were frustrated because Syrians compete with them on their resources and governmental services.
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Valenta, Marko, Jo Jakobsen, Drago Župarić-Iljić, and Hariz Halilovich. "Syrian Refugee Migration, Transitions in Migrant Statuses and Future Scenarios of Syrian Mobility." Refugee Survey Quarterly 39, no. 2 (May 23, 2020): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa002.
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Abstract This article analyses the international migrations and statuses of people who left Syria after the outbreak of the civil war. In addition to exploring the dynamics of Syrian refugee migrations since 2011, we also discuss future prospects and possibilities of return. The ambition of the article is twofold. First, we aim to develop and nuance the typology of migrations of Syrians. Secondly, the article seeks to explore useful lessons from former large-scale refugee migrations; that is, knowledge which may hopefully contribute to preparing the relevant institutions and organisations for Syrian migrations in the eventual post-war period. Based on experiences from other post-conflict situations, several possible future scenarios of Syrian migrations are discussed. The proposed typologies of migrants and repatriation regimes may help us understand the nuances, the dynamic of status change and the complexity of the forced migrations. It is maintained that migration trends, reception, and repatriation conditions and policies are highly interconnected. Refugees’ responses to reception and repatriation regimes result in transitions in their legal statuses in receiving countries and changing motivations for migration and repatriation.
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Turner, Lewis. "‘#Refugees can be entrepreneurs too!’ Humanitarianism, race, and the marketing of Syrian refugees." Review of International Studies 46, no. 1 (October 25, 2019): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210519000342.
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AbstractIn the context of a greater focus on the politics of migration, the ‘refugee entrepreneur’ has become an increasingly important figure in humanitarian, media, and academic portrayals of refugees. Through a focus on Jordan's Za‘tari refugee camp, which has been deemed a showcase for refugees’ ‘entrepreneurship’, this article argues that the designation of Syrian refugees as ‘entrepreneurs’ is a positioning of Syrians within colonial hierarchies of race that pervade humanitarian work. For many humanitarian workers in Jordan, Syrians' ‘entrepreneurship’ distinguishes them from ‘African’ refugees, who are imagined as passive, impoverished, and dependent on humanitarian largesse. Without explicit racial comparisons, humanitarian agencies simultaneously market Syrian refugees online as ‘entrepreneurs’, to enable them to be perceived as closer to whiteness, and to thereby render them more acceptable to Western audiences and donors, who are imagined as white. This article extends scholarly understandings of the understudied relationship between race and humanitarianism. Furthermore, it asks critical questions about the political work and effects of vision of the ‘refugee entrepreneur’, which it locates within the context of the increasingly neoliberalised refugee regime. ‘Refugee entrepreneurs’ do not need political support and solidarity, but to be allowed to embrace the forces of free-market capitalism.
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Baltov, Nikolay. "Patterns of Construction of Alternative Media Discourses About Refugee Waves From Syria and Ukraine." Postmodernism Problems 12, no. 3 (December 5, 2022): 441–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46324/pmp2203441.
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This paper examines the patterns of construction of alternative media speaking in relation to the refugee waves triggered by the military actions in Syria and Ukraine over the last 10 years. The paper is based on the understanding that language is not neutral and the patterns of speaking revealed in the media have a direct link to social relations and structures. This paper explores how different models of alternative speaking on the Syrian and Ukrainian refugee waves (what I call alternative discourses on the Syrian and Ukrainian refugee waves) function to legitimize and delegitimize certain state policies related to the adaptation and integration of Syrian and Ukrainian refugees.
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Koser Akcapar, Sebnem, and Dogus Simsek. "The Politics of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: A Question of Inclusion and Exclusion through Citizenship." Social Inclusion 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i1.1323.
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Turkey began to receive refugees from Syria in 2011 and has since become the country hosting the highest number of refugees, with more than 3.5 million Syrians and half a million people of other nationalities, mainly from Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran. An important turning point regarding the legal status of Syrian refugees has come with recent amendments to the Turkish citizenship law. Based on ongoing academic debates on integration and citizenship, this article will explore these two concepts in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. We will argue that the shift in the Turkish citizenship law is a direct outcome of recent migration flows. We further argue that the citizenship option is used both as a reward for skilled migrants with economic and cultural capital and as a tool to integrate the rest of the Syrians. It also reflects other social, political and demographic concerns of the Turkish government. Using our recent ethnographic study with Syrians and local populations in two main refugee hosting cities in Turkey, Istanbul and Gaziantep, we will locate the successes and weaknesses of this strategy by exemplifying the views of Syrian refugees on gaining Turkish citizenship and the reactions of Turkish nationals.
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Alougili, Mazen A. S. "The Impact of Syrian Refugee on Jordanian National Security." European Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 25, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2019.v2i3-78.
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The protracted conflict in Syria and the deterioration in the security situation inside has brought about an unprecedented refugee crisis over the past six years, where it is estimated that over 5 million Syrian refugees have fled to neighboring countries by 2017. As one of the neighboring host communities for refugees, Jordan has entailed significant costs at the economic, social, political, and security levels. This study aims at assessing the impact of Syrian refugees on Jordan’s security, as well as the potential threats and challenges generated by the escalation of the Syrian crisis on the kingdom. Forced immigrant implications for host communities are diverse. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration the host communities’ economic, social, political, and infrastructure status when addressing those implications. The Syrian refugee crisis has placed financial, social, and institutional strains on Jordan as a host community. It is in the light of this that Syrian refugees might be considered as a threat to the socio-economic, political stability of the kingdom and most importantly internal and national security.
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Alougili, Mazen A. S. "The Impact of Syrian Refugee on Jordanian National Security." European Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 3 (August 25, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v2i3.p84-90.
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The protracted conflict in Syria and the deterioration in the security situation inside has brought about an unprecedented refugee crisis over the past six years, where it is estimated that over 5 million Syrian refugees have fled to neighboring countries by 2017. As one of the neighboring host communities for refugees, Jordan has entailed significant costs at the economic, social, political, and security levels. This study aims at assessing the impact of Syrian refugees on Jordan’s security, as well as the potential threats and challenges generated by the escalation of the Syrian crisis on the kingdom. Forced immigrant implications for host communities are diverse. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration the host communities’ economic, social, political, and infrastructure status when addressing those implications. The Syrian refugee crisis has placed financial, social, and institutional strains on Jordan as a host community. It is in the light of this that Syrian refugees might be considered as a threat to the socio-economic, political stability of the kingdom and most importantly internal and national security.
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Almustafa, Maissaa. "Relived Vulnerabilities of Palestinian Refugees." Social & Legal Studies 27, no. 2 (December 12, 2017): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663917746486.
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The international refugee protection regime failed in protecting millions of refugees during the current Syrian conflict. However, for more than half a million Palestinian refugees who have resided in Syria since 1948, this failure has been persistent since such time as they were never protected by the international protection regime. These Palestinian refugees are now reliving the trauma of their statelessness through the current Syrian conflict. Their lack of protection reveals a complex layering of the failure of the legal framework of refugee protection. This case demonstrates the limits of an international protection regime that was initially formulated to address a Eurocentric set of concerns. This article links the current protection gaps for Palestinian refugees from Syria with the structural flaws of the international refugee protection regime. The article argues that the particular legal frameworks that were established to govern the statelessness of Palestinian refugees since 1948 have contributed in prolonging this unresolved crisis and pushed stateless Palestinians into a new cycle of displacement and victimization.
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Subkhi, Syukron, and Harmiyati Harmiyati. "PERAN UNHCR (UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES) DALAM MENANGANI MASALAH PENGUNGSI SURIAH DI YUNANI (2014 – 2019)." Paradigma: Jurnal Masalah Sosial, Politik, dan Kebijakan 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/paradigma.v24i1.5027.
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The internal conflict in Syria took place since March 23, 2011. The anti-government period held a large demonstration in Daraa, Syria. This demonstration started the internal conflict between the Syrian Government and the opposition. The opposition group is a community movement demanding the resignation of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. The role of the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) is needed to provide protection, and effective long-term solutions for Syrian refugees in Greece. Greece is the only gateway for Syrian refugees to enter European territory, after the Balkan countries and several other European countries shut down to accept refugees. Based on this background, this research found one problem formulation, namely how the role of UNHCR in dealing with Syrian refugees in Greece. In general, UNHCR has played a role in dealing with Syrian refugees in Greece, UNHCR carried out its role as; Instrument, by enforcing the 1951 UN Convention on refugees to member states; Arena, organizes various meetings and conferences to solve refugee problems; and Independent Actors namely meeting basic needs, clothing, food and shelter as well as refugee supervision. The role of UNHCR which can be seen to be very significant in overcoming the problem of Syrian refugees in Greece is as an independent actor which from the year of UNHCR's involvement directly in the field, provided an increase in the quality of life for Syrian refugees. While the UNHCR's obstacle was in upholding UNHCR member countries' compliance with the 1951 UN Convention.
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Almontaser, Esmihan, and Steven L. Baumann. "The Syrian Refugee Crisis." Nursing Science Quarterly 30, no. 2 (March 24, 2017): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894318417693307.
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The civil war in Syria that began in 2011 has displaced millions of Syrians of all ages. While the number that have arrived in the United States is small in comparison to many other countries, it is important that nurses and other healthcare workers here understand that many of them have faced considerable trauma and endured stresses. Most of them are Muslims. Muslims in the United States and elsewhere represent a heterogeneous group of people with a long intellectual and cultural history. Islamic cultural patterns do pose unique barriers to a primarily Anglo-Saxon medical system that medical practitioners need to consider in order to avoid misunderstanding and provide culturally sensitive care. The authors discuss the Syrian refugee crisis and the experience of being a Muslim or Arab American patient in U.S. healthcare settings.
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Elmanaya, Nourelhuda, Harjito, and Eri Sofiatry. "WATER CRISIS AND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE SYRIAN REFUGEE SETTLEMENTS IN LEBANON." Jurnal TAMBORA 6, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v6i2.2010.
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Water scarcity is an urgent issue in the Middle East, and rapid population growth caused by the refugee crisis impose further demand on the water supply in the country. This research was carried out in order to portray the water crisis in Lebanon analyzing the water governance policies that have been implemented by the Lebanese government, especially after the Syrian refugee crisis. The aim of this case study is to describe the main reasons behind the water scarcity in Lebanon nowadays, besides analyzing the water governance strategies implemented by the Lebanese government and other international organizations to address this crisis within the context of the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon. Findings indicate that several actions must be done to minimize water stress in Lebanon if a political settlement in Syria is established and refugees begin to return to Syria. However, even if Syrian refugees return home and Lebanon's population declines, water scarcity will remain an issue that must be addressed. These long-term plans include agricultural water-use reform and, eventually, government water-sector reform.
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Alsheikh Ali, Ahmad Sa’ad Saleh. "Efficiency of Intervention Counseling Program on the Enhanced Psychological Well-being and Reduced Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Syrian Women Refugee Survivors." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 16, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017902016010134.
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Background: The number of individuals displaced from their original countries due to civil wars, hunger, disasters, and international wars is increasing worldwide day by day. These refugees are more vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the intervention program in improving the well-being and reducing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among a sample of Syrian refugee women in Jordan who had been displaced due to civil wars in Syria. Methods: The study recruited 40 Syrian refugee females in Jordan who were psychologically challenged, with high PTSD symptoms (assessed by PCL) and a psychological well-being impairment (assessed by PWD). The culture of Jordanian society discriminates and affects the Syrian refugee women, rendering them vulnerable to PTSD. Quasi-experimental design was used, wherein the participants were randomly distributed in experimental and control groups (n=20/group). The control group members did not receive any services related to psychological support or psychiatric medications, while the experimental group underwent a counseling program. Results: The present study demonstrated that the intervention program improves the well-being and reduces PTSD among the Syrian refugee women who constituted the experimental group. The intervention program and the PTSD manifestation were not affected by age. The present study recommended that the program be applied to the refugees in Jordan to improve the well-being of the women in the residential areas. Conclusion: Furthermore, an intervention on the Jordanian cultural impact on the refugee camps was also essential if the condition for the female refugees worsened. Lastly, the effect of Jordanian culture on Syrian refugees should be investigated since the literature presented a negative impact.
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Badawi, Mohamed Farrag Ahmed. "A Suggested Model for Teaching EFL to Syrian Refugee Learners in Egypt." International Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2021): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ijsfle.v1i1.61.
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Syrian refugee learners are allowed to join Egyptian governmental schools. However, some Egyptian teachers cannot meet Syrian refugee learners’ needs. Most of the teachers are unaware of refugee responsive teaching competencies (RRTCs). Accordingly, the present study attempted to identify Syrian refugee learners’ needs and refugee responsive teaching competencies to suggest a refugee responsive teaching competencies model (RRTCM). The study utilized a pre-post one-group design. The study recruited (n=76) EFL student teachers from October 6 University, (n=21) Syrian refugee learners, and 64 in-service teachers of refugees. For data collection, a refugee learners’ needs assessment questionnaire and a refugee responsive teaching competencies knowledge test (RRTCKT) were developed. Findings revealed that the Syrian refugee learners identified 21 needs involving safety, social, cultural, psychological, personal, and educational needs. The suggested refugee responsive teaching model was effective in developing EFL student teachers’ RRTCs knowledge.
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Yaylaci, Fatima Tuba. "Trauma and resilient functioning among Syrian refugee children." Development and Psychopathology 30, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 1923–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001293.
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AbstractFollowing the civil war in Syria, there has been a growing interest in the impact of war, violent conflict, and refuge on the development and mental health of refugee children in general and Syrian refugee children in particular. The objective of this paper is threefold: (a) to critically review the existing literature on the psychological functioning of Syrian refugee children, with a particular focus on those residing in the urban areas or camps in Turkey; (b) to identify the main theoretical and methodological problems of this emerging literature; and (c) to suggest guidelines for how to improve research and practice in this field. The reviewed literature predominantly focuses on psychological trauma, trauma-related symptomatology or other maladaptive functioning in children, and psychosocial interventions conducted toward alleviating these issues. This paper will summarize the research findings in the above-mentioned topics to discern what can be known from the existing literature on Syrian refugee children.
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Müller, Marc François, Jim Yoon, Steven M. Gorelick, Nicolas Avisse, and Amaury Tilmant. "Impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on land use and transboundary freshwater resources." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 52 (December 5, 2016): 14932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614342113.
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Since 2013, hundreds of thousands of refugees have migrated southward to Jordan to escape the Syrian civil war that began in mid-2011. Evaluating impacts of conflict and migration on land use and transboundary water resources in an active war zone remains a challenge. However, spatial and statistical analyses of satellite imagery for the recent period of Syrian refugee mass migration provide evidence of rapid changes in land use, water use, and water management in the Yarmouk–Jordan river watershed shared by Syria, Jordan, and Israel. Conflict and consequent migration caused ∼50% decreases in both irrigated agriculture in Syria and retention of winter rainfall in Syrian dams, which gave rise to unexpected additional stream flow to downstream Jordan during the refugee migration period. Comparing premigration and postmigration periods, Syrian abandonment of irrigated agriculture accounts for half of the stream flow increase, with the other half attributable to recovery from a severe drought. Despite this increase, the Yarmouk River flow into Jordan is still substantially below the volume that was expected by Jordan under the 1953, 1987, and 2001 bilateral agreements with Syria.
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Muhanna-Matar, Aitemad. "Syrian Men’s Disability and Their Masculine Trajectories in the Context of Displacement in Jordan and Turkey." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 17, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-9306803.
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Abstract This article analyzes the relationship between men’s physical disability and the trajectories of negotiating masculinities in the context of Syrian refugee displacement in Jordan and Turkey. The article draws its analysis from the personal narratives of five displaced Syrian refugee men who sustained injuries during the war in Syria. It explores how Syrian refugee men with disabilities remake their masculine bodies and selves to create a new version of masculinity that responds to the changes in their socioeconomic circumstances and bodies. The article argues that the disabled Syrian refugee men went through multiple and contradictory masculine trajectories that intersect with multiple identities and different types of disability. Disabled Syrian refugee men’s emergent masculine embodiments created a version of masculinity that, although it adhered to the patriarchal family values of connectivity and intimacy, does not in its practice legitimate domination within the family and in the Syrian refugee community.
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Drolet, Julie, Richard Enns, Linda Kreitzer, Janki Shankar, and Anne-Marie McLaughlin. "Supporting the resettlement of a Syrian family in Canada: The social work resettlement practice experience of Social Justice Matters." International Social Work 61, no. 5 (August 17, 2017): 627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817725143.
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The Syrian conflict and war has contributed to the largest refugee crisis in recent history. Many refugees are seeking protection and safety for their family. This article discusses the context of the Syrian refugee crisis and how a group of social work faculty members are responding by supporting the resettlement of a Syrian refugee family in Canada. Private sponsorship options, grassroots activities, and the role of social work in resettlement are discussed. This article concludes with a call to action for social workers to strengthen their support and involvement in the resettlement of refugees.
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Güngördü, Feriha Nazda, and Zerrin Ezgi Kahraman. "Investigating Syrian Refugees’ Choice of Location in Urban Areas as a Subjective Process: A Cross-case Comparison in the Neighbourhoods of Önder (Ankara) and Yunusemre (İzmir)." International Journal of Islamic Architecture 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 387–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijia_00049_1.
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In migration literature, the growing interest in the localized and subjective forms of refugee emplacement in urban areas following the influx of Syrian refugees has brought along new debates on how to approach the location choices (LC) of refugees. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the different dimensions of Syrian refugees’ location choices at the urban/neighbourhood level. Specifically, we aimed to understand the dynamics behind the growing tendency among Syrian refugees in Turkey to settle in neighbourhoods that are close to inner-city industrial sites by conducting two case studies in the Önder neighbourhood of Ankara and the Yunusemre neighbourhood of İzmir in a comparative manner. From the twenty-three interviews conducted with Syrians, we uncovered the themes of LC and categorized them in accordance with the dimensions of LC addressed in the literature. We identified three main dimensions that affected Syrians’ location choices at the neighbourhood level as: economic (the availability of job opportunities, public and commercial services, the affordability of accommodation), socio-cultural (the existence of co-ethnics, kinship/ethnic relations) and socio-spatial (proximity to the city centre, transportation, public and commercial services, workplaces). Here, we acknowledged the intertwined relation between these dimensions and refugee subjectivity in LC.
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Jasko, Katarzyna, David Webber, Erica Molinario, Arie W. Kruglanski, and Katharine Touchton-Leonard. "Ideological Extremism Among Syrian Refugees Is Negatively Related to Intentions to Migrate to the West." Psychological Science 32, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1362–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797621996668.
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The conflict in Syria created a dire humanitarian situation, as nations around the world struggled with how best to deal with the more than 6.6 million Syrian refugees who fled their homes to escape aggression. Resistance to granting refugee status to individuals often originates in the belief that the influx of refugees endangers national security because of the presumably extremist religious and political beliefs that refugees hold. The present research surveyed Syrian refugees residing in Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and Iraq ( N = 1,000). The results revealed that the majority of surveyed refugees did not intend to migrate to the West and would rather return to their home country. More importantly, refugees most interested in moving to Western countries were the least likely to subscribe to Islamist extremism or to harbor negative sentiment toward the West. Theoretical and practical implications for addressing the current refugee crisis are discussed.
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Guido, Veronese, Pepe Alessandro, and Giordano Francesca. "Child Psychological Adjustment to War and Displacement: A Discriminant Analysis of Resilience and Trauma in Syrian Refugee Children." Journal of Child and Family Studies 30, no. 10 (August 19, 2021): 2575–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02067-2.
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AbstractThe ongoing war in Syria has led to the displacement of 12 million people since 2011, with minors representing 40% of all refugees. Syrian children living in refugee camps are at risk of developing a wide range of mental health problems, given their previous and ongoing exposure to episodes of violence, disruption of family ties, and discontinuous access to education. In this study, we drew on the salutogenic paradigm to investigate whether, and to what extent, high/low levels of resilience were associated with other indicators of mental health and post-traumatic response in Syrian children living in refugee camps. The sample was composed of 311 Syrian children living in Jordanian refugee camps as a consequence of the war in Syria. We administered quantitative self-report measures to assess participants’ exposure to trauma, individual levels of resilience, and mental health, performing discriminant analysis to examine the association between resilience and trauma/mental health. Syrian children living in Jordanian refugee camps reported intense exposure to traumatic events. The linear discriminant equation supported adoption of the function [Wilk’s Lambda (Λ = 0.827)]: lower levels of resilience were associated with trauma symptoms (re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal) and emotional problems, while higher levels of resilience were associated with pro-social behaviours. The findings of the present study suggest that resilience acts as a protective factor buffering children from the consequences of trauma and challenging life conditions. We discuss the implications for interventions designed to promote the wellbeing and mental health of children living in refugee camps.
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Yassen, Abdullah Omar. "The Prospects for Durable Solutions for Syrian Refugees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Case Study of Erbil Governorate Camps." Refugee Survey Quarterly 38, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 448–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdz013.
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Abstract Today, forced displacement from Syria has resulted in one of the largest refugee populations worldwide, creating yet another ‘protracted displacement’ in the Middle East. To explore this situation, an analysis of the perceptions held by all stakeholders of potential durable solutions is urgently required. This research examines three durable solutions: voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement in a third country. It also examines the State practice of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in terms of its response to the protection of Syrian refugees and their entitlement to education, health care, employment, and residency. In so doing, it identifies the challenges and issues facing Syrians in the region. The focus is on local-level perceptions of practitioners, policy-makers, and Syrian refugees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The methodology for this study includes desk research, focus groups, and interviews with refugees in four camps in Erbil governorate, namely, Basirma, Darashakran, Kawergosk, and Qushtapa between August 2017 and December 2017. The findings show that the preferred durable solution for the overall majority of the Syrian refugees in this research was resettlement to third countries. Both local integration and voluntary repatriation were viewed as largely unworkable.
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Al Shogoor, Sattam, Wahib Sahwan, Khaled Hazaymeh, Eman Almhadeen, and Brigitta Schütt. "Evaluating the Impact of the Influx of Syrian Refugees on Land Use/Land Cover Change in Irbid District, Northwestern Jordan." Land 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030372.
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The refugee movement creates urban and environmental pressures at their destination locations. This pressure often presents in the form of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change. This study seeks to understand the impact of the Syrian refugees’ influence on changing the urban and agricultural land dynamics in Irbid district in northwestern Jordan from 1985 to 2021, including the period of the civil war in Syria, using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images for the years 1985 and 2004, and the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) for the years 2013 and 2021. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used to conduct all image processing and perform calculations and classification analysis using the Random Forest (RF) approach. The study of the classified images compared LULC before and during the Syrian crisis using images from 1985, 2004, 2013, and 2021. The results show that the urban area increased. In parallel, agricultural land increased. During the Syrian refugee crisis, agriculture became a significant livelihood activity for Syrian refugees. In summary, the movement of the refugees to Irbid district caused an increased demand for land and housing, which accelerated the building and construction process.
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Sahin Mencütek, Zeynep. "Emerging Transnational Practices and Capabilities of Syrian Refugees in Turkey." Migration Letters 17, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i1.852.
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Transnational activities of refugees in the Global North have been long studied, while those of the Global South, which host the majority of displaced people, have not yet received adequate scholarly attention. Drawing from refugee studies, transnationalism and diaspora studies, the article focuses on the emerging transnational practices and capabilities of displaced Syrians in Turkey. Relying on qualitative data drawn from interviews in Şanlıurfa – a border province in south-eastern Turkey that hosts half a million Syrians - the paper demonstrates the variations in the types and intensity of Syrians’ transnational activities and capabilities. It describes the low level of individual engagement of Syrians in terms of communicating with relatives and paying short visits to the hometowns as well as the intentional disassociation of young refugees from homeland politics. At the level of Syrian grassroots organisations, there have been mixed engagement initiatives emerging out of sustained cross-border processes. Syrians with higher economic capital and secured legal status have formed some economic, political, and cultural institutional channels, focusing more on empowerment and solidarity in the receiving country than on plans for advancement in the country of origin. Institutional attempts are not mature enough and can be classified as transnational capabilities, rather than actual activities that allow for applying pressure on the host and home governments. This situation can be attributed to the lack of political and economic security in the receiving country as well as no prospects for the stability in the country of origin. The study also concerns questions about the conceptual debates on the issue of refugee diaspora. Whilst there are clear signs of diaspora formation of the Syrian refugee communities, perhaps it is still premature to term Syrians in Turkey as refugee diaspora.
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Balcilar, Mehmet, and Canan Gulcan. "Determinants of Protective Healthcare Services Awareness among Female Syrian Refugees in Turkey." Healthcare 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091717.
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War-related migration may deprive people of access to a regular healthcare system and cause new diseases to be battled. Since refugee women are more vulnerable to diseases during this period, protective healthcare services awareness is critical for early disease diagnosis. Following the civil war that triggered the migration of millions of Syrians, an extensive survey was undertaken in coordination with the World Health Organization Country Office in Turkey to explore the health status of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Employing the survey data, we aimed to investigate the determinants of the awareness of protective health services (Pap smear test, mammogram, HIV test) among female Syrian refugees. Logit regression analysis was applied in order to investigate the determinants of the awareness of protective health services among the female refugee population. The results revealed a notably low rate of awareness of protective health services among female Syrian refugees. Furthermore, the association of explanatory variables, including socioeconomic factors, healthcare use, and health literacy with the protective health services awareness, was found to be significant.
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Bache, Christina. "Challenges to economic integration and social inclusion of Syrian refugees in Turkey." Career Development International 25, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-11-2018-0277.
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Purpose The following question drove this research: Would the pursuit of a rights-based approach, one that considers local dynamics and political sensitivities result in greater economic integration and social inclusion of Syrian refugees in Turkey? The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This piece draws on independent research the author conducted in Turkey and other frontline states to the war in Syria from 2016 to 2018. Findings Despite a shift in government policy toward Syrian refugees, without an overarching rights-based approach that includes the participation of all stakeholders and considers local dynamics and political sensitivities, enhancing the livelihood security of Syrian refugees and vulnerable members of host communities remains bleak in Turkey. Originality/value This original paper closely examines the Government of Turkey’s response to the humanitarian crisis that was precipitated by the armed conflict in Syria. The paper also examines the socioeconomic dynamics and increased tensions between the Syrian refugee and host communities.
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Meier, Daniel. "Lebanon: The Refugee Issue and the Threat of a Sectarian Confrontation." Oriente Moderno 94, no. 2 (November 18, 2014): 382–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340063.
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This article highlights the many dimensions of the threat that exists nowadays in Lebanon regarding the impact of the Syrian uprising turning into a civil war. To do so, I will firstly focus on the issue of Syrian refugee in Lebanon. Recalling the Syrian-Lebanese complex relationship, the article delves in the collective memory of the Palestinian issue in Lebanon that pops up again as thousands of them are fleeing Syria to seek refuge in Palestinian camps. In the second part, the article addresses the related question of Sunnis/Shiites tensions that have become a significant factor in the Syrian civil war and that have been imported into Lebanon by major political parties and entrepreneurs of violence.
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Mroue, Tamara, Betlem Heras, Jose M. Soriano, and María Morales-Suarez-Varela. "Prevalence of Malnutrition among Syrian Refugee Children from Lebanon." Life 13, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020453.
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Today, the situation of Syrian refugees is one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among pediatric populations of Syrian refugees, 176 Syrian refugee children, with stays of more than two years at three refugee camps (Zalhé, Deddeh, and Kfar Jouz) or from the town of Yohmor, Lebanon were authorized by their parents to participate in this study. The children were anthropometrically evaluated and height-for-age Z-score (HAZ), weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) Z-scores were obtained and compared with WHO standards. Furthermore, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was analyzed for screening children 6–59 months old. According to the anthropometric measures, no child met the criteria for chronic, global, acute malnutrition (CGAM), severe acute malnutrition (SAM), or moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). In the total sample, 49.4% of participants were moderately thin, with girls presenting a higher prevalence of thinness than that of boys. Thus, the absence of high rates of malnutrition was verified despite the magnitude of the Syrian refugee’s problem. The data provided by this study identify the need to carry out further research to assess anthropometric growth and nutritional status among long-staying refugee children in order to prevent any health issues that may arise in the future.
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Sunata, Ulaş, and Salіh Tosun. "Assessing the Civil Society’s Role in Refugee Integration in Turkey: NGO-R as a New Typology." Journal of Refugee Studies 32, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 683–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey047.
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Abstract After the Syrian refugee influx in Turkey, the aspect of civil society in integration needs further clarification and categorization. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop a general typology of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) that are active in immigration and immigration-related areas (NGO-R; non-governmental organizations—refugees). Our findings show that NGO-Rs play crucial roles in helping the refugees to access the rights provided by state, in integrating them into society at the local level by creating new social spaces and in sending humanitarian aid to the people of concern in Syria. Additionally, we claim that the refugee crisis facilitated the opportunities both for active citizenship as demanded and for new mobilization to manage the humanitarian and integration assistance towards the Syrians. Lastly, our fieldwork shows that religious and belief motives are the main factors playing a large part in the creation and maintenance of the NGO-R activities and refugee community organizations (RCOs) can have a distinctive integrative function by preferring to stay outside the mainstream channels.
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Peconga, Emma k., and Marie Høgh Thøgersen. "Post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in adult Syrian refugees: What do we know?" Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 7 (December 8, 2019): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819882137.
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Background: The crisis in Syria has resulted in vast numbers of refugees seeking asylum in Syria’s neighboring countries and Europe. Refugees are at considerable risk of developing common mental disorders, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Since the war, no systematic review has been conducted regarding the prevalence of these in the Syrian refugee group. Research is needed to develop strategies to improve the integration of Syrian refugees. Objective: This study provides a systematic review of peer-reviewed articles that feature originally collected data regarding the prevalence of post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety in adult Syrian refugees. Methods: The authors searched online databases (PsychInfo, PubMed, PILOTS) for peer-reviewed articles that used validated screening tools to provide mental health prevalence rate estimates in adult Syrian refugees. This article explores potential sources of heterogeneity, including individual risk factors such as demographic and environmental variables. Results: In total, 15 eligible studies provided cross-sectional data for 8176 adult Syrian refugees resettled in 10 countries, with significant variation in assessment and sampling methods. Combined, these studies indicate prevalence rates of 43.0% (range: 23.4–83.4%) for post-traumatic stress, 40.9% (range: 20–44.1%) for depression, and 26.6% (range: 19.30–31.8%) for anxiety morbidity in adult Syrian refugees. Larger and more rigorous surveys reported similar prevalence rates to studies with less rigorous designs, but vast heterogeneity in prevalence of morbidity persisted among all. Conclusions: Syrian refugees could be over 10 times more likely to develop post-traumatic stress and other disorders than the general population. Although there are limitations when comparing studies with different research methodologies, the results of this study suggest increased focus on adequate mental health support is necessary.
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Iqbal, Maleeha, Laila Omar, and Neda Maghbouleh. "The Fragile Obligation: Gratitude, Discontent, and Dissent with Syrian Refugees in Canada." Mashriq & Mahjar Journal of Middle East and North African Migration Studies 8, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24847/v8i22021.257.
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This article analyzes the emotional lives of Syrian refugee mothers in the first year of their recent resettlement in Canada. Drawing on two waves of interviews with 41 newcomer mothers, we find three main affective themes in their resettlement narratives: gratitude, discontent, and dissent. Together, they capture a reality we term the fragile obligation, which reflects coexisting conditions of migratory indebtedness, disappointment, and critique. Inspired by foundational work in Critical Refugee Studies and Asian American/Ethnic Studies, centering refugee affect holds promise for revising dominant scholarly theories of immigrant integration, assimilation, and belonging from migrants’ perspectives in an era of widespread backlash, especially against Syrian and MENA/Muslim immigrants and refugees. By identifying complex post-migration affective states like the fragile obligation, researchers can help build more effective policies and practices to support Syrians and other forced migrants.
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Mourad, Lama. "“Standoffish” Policy-making: Inaction and Change in the Lebanese Response to the Syrian Displacement Crisis." Middle East Law and Governance 9, no. 3 (November 11, 2017): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00903005.
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With the largest refugee population per capita in the world, Lebanon now officially hosts at least 1.1 million Syrian refugees. Until late 2014, the Lebanese government maintained de facto open borders and little to no regulation of Syrians within its borders. This period has largely been understood as one of state absence: referred to broadly as a “policy of no-policy.” This paper looks at the way in which state inaction played a major role in structuring the responses that did emerge, both “below” and “above” the state, from local authorities and international agencies. I shed light on how indirect measures taken by the central government facilitated and encouraged greater local autonomy in governing the refugee presence. This, in turn, further decentralized and fragmented the current set of responses to the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon and legitimized discretionary action by municipal authorities.
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Majid AL-Share, Zubaida, and Muneer Karadsheh. "The Reality and the Challenges of the Syrian Women refugees working in the Jordanian Society." Jordan Journal of Social Sciences 15, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjss.v15i3.831.
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This study aims to identify the reality and challenges faced by the Syrian women refugees working in the Jordanian society by highlighting the following aspects: knowledge of the living conditions of the working Syrian women refugees, and identifying the main social, cultural, economic, legal and practical challenges facing the Syrian women refugee workers. The descriptive analytical approach that is based on the intentional sampling method was used, and a sample of 120 Syrian women refugees, , working in Irbid governorate, was designed for identification, which was chosen in the intended manner in a snowball-rolling way. The findings showthat Syrian refugee women face economic challenges to a high degree, as well as social, cultural, and legal challenges, and challenges inherent to the work environment in a moderate degree.
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Vimalarajah, Piratheeca. "The Statelessness of Syrian War Refugees." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 7 (October 1, 2016): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v7i0.4427.
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The Syrian crisis has forced the mass displacement of refugees attempting to escape the armed conflict in search of security at the borders of surrounding states. Amidst the chaos, the question of whether international law obligates the international community to take action arises. This paper examines whether the principle to non-refoulement under Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees is a universal human right for persons seeking asylum from the war-torn state of the Syrian Arab Republic. Syrian asylum-seekers experience the ‘war flaw’ – the failure of international law to account for persons fleeing from armed conflict as legitimately entitled to refugee status. This paper argues that a human right to non-refoulement may exist in international law for war refugees. This may legally obligate states to accept Syrians as refugees entitled to non-refoulement without forcing their return under such critical circumstances.
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Tumen, Semih. "The Economic Impact of Syrian Refugees on Host Countries: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Turkey." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161065.
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The Syrian Conflict generated forced immigration from northern Syria to southeastern Turkey. Arrival of refugees resembles a natural experiment, which offers good opportunities to study the economic impact of immigration. I study three main outcomes: labor markets, consumer prices, and housing rents. I document moderate employment losses among native informal workers, which suggests that they are partly substituted by refugees. Prices of the items produced in informal labor intensive sectors declined due to labor cost advantages generated by refugee inflows. Finally, refugee inflows increased the rents of higher quality housing units, while there is no effect on lower quality units.
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Gökarıksel, Banu, and Anna J. Secor. "Affective geopolitics: Anxiety, pain, and ethics in the encounter with Syrian refugees in Turkey." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 7-8 (December 10, 2018): 1237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418814257.
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This paper explores the affective making of geopolitics through an analysis of how long-term residents of Turkey narrate their encounters with displaced people from Syria. Situating these narratives in relation to Turkey’s policies and practices concerning the Syrian war and Syrian refugees, our project asks: What are the affective dimensions of encountering Syrians in Turkey and how do these encounters unfold an embodied geopolitics on the street and in neighborhoods? Our analysis of focus group conversations (conducted between 2014 and 2016 in Istanbul, Konya, and Malatya) centers on three dimensions of the affective geopolitics of the Syrian refugee crisis in Turkey. First, we draw out feelings of threatening proximity, in which the denigration of Syrian bodies and lives converges with the desire for a spatial organization of bodies that would put literal boundaries between “us” and “them.” Second, we present how the Adalet and Kalkınma Partisi’s geopolitical orientation towards leadership in the Muslim Middle East and official rhetoric regarding Turkey’s obligation to the Syrians as part of Muslim unity do not preclude the anxiety citizens express about the embodied presence of displaced Syrians in their daily lives. And finally, we address the politics of pain and the problems of translation in the encounter with the other. Here, we argue that the imminent, embodied, and affective challenge posed by the arrival of more than three million Syrians in Turkey concerns the ethics of how to hear, understand, and respond to the pain of others.
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Kahraman, Selcuk, Erhan Örselli, and Erdal Bayrakçı. "Syrian refugees in Turkey and governance of refugee camps." Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 7, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v7i1.2368.
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Abstract
From Syria, in which the domestic quagmire erupted in 2011 migrated more than three million people in the late five years according to formal statistics. After emergence of migrant influx, Turkey embraced open door policy and built sheltering centers in the neighboring cities right after the appearance of migration wave. There are 253.748 refugees in 10 provinces at 24 different according to data on September 2016. Firstly, this study aims at investigating the various camps located on the different parts of the world built due to migration waves and whether they met the foundation targets of not. Secondly, the governance of refugee camps in Turkey and the position of these camps in refugee crisis is to be concerned and compared in compliance with the similar instance in the world and Turkey from a multidimensional perspective.
Keywords: Syrian refugees, governance, refugee camps.