Dissertations / Theses: 'Syrphidae'

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Zorica, Nedeljković. "Taksonomska analiza vrsta iz podfamilije Syrphinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) u Srbiji." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=96048&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Redeterminacijom publikovanog i determinacijom novog materijala iz podfamilije Syrphinae na području Srbije su zabeležene 134 vrste iz 25 rodova. Sedam vrsta (Chrysotoxum orthostylus Vujić, in prep., Chrysotoxum aff. festivum, Chrysotoxum aff. vernale, Dasysyrphus laskai Doczkal & Ståhls, in prep., Melanostoma aff. mellinum, Paragus rarus Vujić et al., in prep. i Xanthogramma citrofasciatum B Doczkal, in prep.) su nove za nauku i njihovi opisi se nalaze u pripremi. 14 vrsta su nove za faunu Balkanskog poluostrva, dok su 39 nove za faunu Srbije (uključujući i one koje su nove za Balkan).Unutar vrste Chrysotoxum festivum uočena su dva fenotipa „svetli“ i „tamni“ koji se jasno razlikuju na osnovu niza morfoloških karaktera (širina lica, širina crne trake na licu, poprašenost čela, boja dlaka na mezonotumu i skutelumu, širina oznaka na T2 i T3) kao i na osnovu veličine i oblika krila. Usled jasne divergencije pomenutih fenotipova kao i njihove simpatrije u pitanju su odvojene vrste.Jasno izdvajanje fenotipova na osnovu morfoloških karaktera odraslih jedinki uključujući i parametre krila (veličinu i oblik) ustanovljeno je i unutar vrsta Chrysotoxum vernale i Melanostoma mellinum. Unutar vrste Chrysotoxum vernale se izdvajaju dva nezavisna taksona- Chrysotoxum vernale i Chrysotoxum aff. vernale, a unutar vrste Melanostoma mellinum- Melanostoma mellinum i Melanostoma aff. mellinum.Zoogeografskom analizom je ustanovljeno da su najbrojnije vrste širokog areala, koje čine čak 75,19% od ukupnog broja vrsta, 12 vrsta (9,02%) ima srednjeevropski, 10 severnoevropski (7,52%), a svega dve vrste (1,5%) južnoevropski tip areala. Dve vrste (1,5%) su ograničenog areala.Dve vrste iz podfamilije Syrphinae spadaju u kategoriju strogo zaštićenih vrsta, dok pet spada u kategoriju zaštićenih vrsta na području Srbije (Uredbom Ministarstva za zaštitu životne sredine i prostornog planiranja Republike Srbije od 2010. godine o zaštiti strogo ugroženih i ugroženih divljih vrsta biljaka, životinja i gljiva). Razmatrajući status vrsta na evropskom nivou po Speight (2010) većina vrsta (118) pripada kategoriji neugroženih vrsta „unthreatened“, a po četiri kategoriji ugroženih vrsta „threatened“ i vrsta čija se brojnost smanjuje „decreasing“.Najvećim indeksom diverziteta (3,66) se odlikuje Dubašnica sa Malinikom, zatim slede Vršačke planine (H=3,62) i Kopaonik (H=3,59). Najniži indeks diverziteta imaju Bosilegrad (1,21) i dolina Tamiša (1,55) što je i očekivano obzirom na broj sakupljenih primeraka i registrovanih vrsta.Rad predstavlja sintezu faunističkih istraživanja vrsta iz podfamilije Syrphinae u Srbiji, taksonomsku analizu zabeleženih vrsta kao i razrešavanje taksonomskih problema unutar mnogih vrsta unutar kojih su oni bili prisutni.
This PhD thesis is about the taxonomic and faunistic revision of the Syrphinae hoverflies (Syrphidae) of Serbia. As a result of this study, 134 species of 25 genera were reported to Serbia. This account comprised seven species new to science: Chrysotoxum orthostylus Vujić, in prep.Chryotoxum aff. festivum, Chrysotoxum aff. vernale, Dasysyrphus laskai Doczkal & Ståhls, in prep., Melanostoma aff. mellinum, Paragus rarus Vujić et al., in prep. and Xanthogramma citrofasciatum B Doczkal, in prep.. Additionally, 39 species were new to Serbia, 14 of them also new to the Balkan Peninsula.A first approach to solve some taxonomic problems within three different hoverfly taxa is provided in this study. The examined material of Chrysotoxum festivum from Serbia exhibited two different phenotypes, “light” and “dark”. These phenotypes were defined by both landmark-based geometric morphometric characters of wings and other adult morphological characters (width of face, width of black stripe on face, frons pruinosity,colour of hairs on mesonotum and scutellum, width of stripes on terga 2 and 3, etc). The presented results together with the sympatry of the studied phenotypes suggested the existence of at least two different taxa within the species, currently known under the name Chrysotoxum festivum. Similarly, traditional characters in adult morphology and morphometric characters of wings (size and shape) showed the existence of two welldefined phenotypes both within the species Chrysotoxum vernale (Chrysotoxum vernale and Chrysotoxum aff. vernale) and the species Melanostoma mellinum (Melanostoma mellinum and Melanostoma aff. mellinum).The zoogeographic analysis showed that most of the studied species are widespread in Europe (75,19%), and the rest of species are Central European (9,02%), Northern European (7,52%) or South European (1,5%).At European level, 118 species are thought to be unthreatened, four threatened and four with decreasing populations according to the last version of Syrph the Net, the Database of European Syrphidae. In Serbia, two of the studied species are regarded as “strictly protected“ and five as “protected“ under the Regulation on the Promulgation and Protection of the Protected and Strictly Protected Wild Species of Plants, Animals and Fungi (Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning, Serbia).The localities of Dubašnica and Malinik have the highest values for the scored diversity index (H = 3.66), followed by Vršačke planine (H=3.62) and Kopaonik (H=3.59). Bosilegrad and Tamiš have the lowest diversity values, 1.21 and 1.55 respectively, as it was expected by the low species richness and abundance of hoverflies recorded in these localities.

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Laura, Likov. "Fauna osolikih muva (Diptera: Syrphidae) Grčke." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107292&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Osolike muve predstavljaju veoma bitnu i korisnu insekatsku grupu. Pružaju nezamenljive ekološke i ekonomske usluge, kao i usluge za životnu sredinu. Navedene usluge su omogućene njihovom sposobnošću oprašivanja biljaka u prirodnim i agroekosistemima, kao i zahvaljujući larvama– predatorima lisnih vaši i drugih insekata, smanjujući ekonomske gubitke u prinosu kultivisanih biljaka. Takođe mogu poslužiti kao bioindikatori klimatskih promena i stanja staništa. Neke vrste imaju i konzervacioni značaj, obzirom da su zbog antropogenih uticaja postale ugrožene, što zahteva preduzimanje mera za obezbeđivanje njihovog opstanka. Izuzetno bogatstvo flore i faune na Balkanskompoluostrvu predstavlja jedinstveni ekološki i biogeografski fenomen u Evropi. Grčka, kao jedna od najvažnijih centara biodiverzita na Balkanu i u Mediteranu se odlikuje širokim spektrom važnih tipova ekosistema, od kojih su najbitniji šumski, budući da najveći broj osolikih muva preferira upravo taj tip staništa.Značaj faunističkih istraživanja se ogleda u otkrivanju sastava i brojnosti vrsta na određenim staništima ili područjima. Faunistički sastav pruža uvid u biodiverzitet istraživane oblasti, koja se neprekidno menja, naročito u poslednje vreme pod uticajem negativnog antropogenog uticaja. Podaci o vrstama mogu biti od velikog značaja za eventualne programe zaštite i oporavka ugroženih vrsta, kao i u planiranju formiranja novih zaštićenih područja ili u uvođenju novih mera zaštite u već postojećim prirodnim dobrima.Prepoznavanje ugroženih vrsta ili ugroženih staništa koje one naseljavaju, igra bitnu ulogu u planiranju konzervacionih strategija za njihovo očuvanje. Rezultati doktorske disertacije upotpunjujuznanje o faunističkom sastavu, taksonomiji, distribuciji i diverzitetu osolikih muva u Grčkoj. Pomoću sakupljenih podataka formiran je identifikacioni ključ za razlikovanje kako rodova tako i vrsta registrovanih na ovom području, što u velikoj meri pomaže u daljim faunističkim istraživanjima. Kao rezultat ove doktorske disertacije dobijena je konačna lista od 418 vrsta iz 83 roda. Od ukupnog broja zabeleženih vrsta 64 vrste su prvi put registrovane na teritoriji Grčke, dok su 18 vrsta nove za nauku.Osnovni cilj ovog rada je revizija faune osolikih muva Grčke na osnovu prikupljenog materijala iz publikovanih i nepublikovanih zbirki i dopunskihterenskih istraživanja, sastavljanje liste o svim poznatim vrstama sa područja Grčke, i izrada identifikacionog ključa za razlikovanje zabeleženih rodova i vrsta(praćeni fotografijama i crtežima dijagnostičkih morfoloških karaktera adultnih jedinki). Drugi deo doktorske disertacije se bavi prepoznavanjem retkih iugroženih vrsta Grčke sa naglaskom na njihovu zaštitu i konzervaciju. U okviru disertacije je izvršena prostorna analiza distribucije vrsta na području Grčke, koja su već ugrožena na evropskom i balkanskom nivou, a u cilju određivanja područja sa posebnim značajem za njihovo očuvanje.
Hoverflies are a very important and useful insect group. They provide irreplaceable environmental and economic services, as well as environmental services. These services are enabled by their ability to pollinate plants in natural and agroecosystems, as well as thanks to larvaepredators of aphids and other insects, reducing economic losses in the yield of cultivated plants. Hoverflies are extremely important for the environment, as they can serve as bioindicators of climate change and habitat conditions. Some species also have conservation importance, since they have become endangered due to anthropogenic effects, which requires taking measures to ensure their survival. The extraordinary richness of flora and fauna on the Balkan Peninsula represents a unique ecological and biogeographical phenomenon in Europe. Greece, as one of the most important center of biodiversity in the Balkans and in the Mediterranean, is characterized by a wide spectrum of important ecosystem types, the most important of which are forests, since the largest number of hoverflies prefer this type of habitat.The importance of faunal research is reflected in the discovery of the composition and number of species in specific habitats or areas. The faunal composition provides an insight into the biodiversity of the investigated area, which is constantly changing, especially lately under the influence of negative anthropogenic impact. Data about species can be of great importance for possible programs for the protection and recovery of endangered species, as well as in the planning of the formation of new protected areas or in the introduction of new measures of protection in already existing natural resources. Identifying endangered species or endangered habitats they inhabit plays an important role in planning conservation strategies for their conservation.The results of these thesis complement the knowledge of the fauna composition, taxonomy, distribution and diversity of hoverflies in Greece. Using the collected data, an identification key was formed to distinguish both the genera and species registered in this area, which greatly assisted in further faunistic research. As a result of these thesis a final list of 418 species rom 83 genus was obtained. Of the total number of recorded species, 64 species were first time registered in the territory of Greece, while a total of 18 species are new to science. The main goal of this paper is to revise the fauna of Greek howerflies based on the collected material from published and unpublished collections and additional field research, compile a list of all known species from Greece, and create an identification key to distinguish the recorded genera and species (accompanied by photographs and drawings of diagnostic morphological characters of adult individuals). The second part of the thesis deals with the identification of rare and endangered species of Greece with an emphasis on their protection and conservation. Within the framework of the dissertation, a spatial analysis of the distribution of species in Greece was carried out, already threatened at the European and Balkan levels, in order to determine areas of specialsignificance for their preservation.

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Vesna, Milankov. "Evolucioni odnosi vrsta ruficornis i aeneus grupa roda MerodonMeigen, 1803 (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20010424MILANKOV.

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U radu, metodom PAGE (poliakrilamid gel elektroforeze), analizirana je gensko-enzimskavarijabilnost 11 populacija vrsta ruficornis grupe: M. ruficornis, M. armipes, M. crymensis, M. loewi i M.recurvus; 11 populacija vrsta aeneus grupe: M. aeneus: M. aeneus A, M. aeneus B, M. aeneus C, M.cinereus A, M. cinereus B, M. funestus i M. desuturinus; 7 populacija avidus grupe (M. avidus A i M.avidus B) roda Merodon i 4 populacije vrste Cheilosia vernalis sa teritorije Balkanskog poluostrva.Analizirana je varijabilnost alozima determinisanih alelima 17 lokusa (Aat, Fum, Gpd-1, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had,Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-1, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm, Sod-1, Sod-2, Sod-3) vrsta ruficornis grupe, 15 lokusa(Aat, Fum, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm, Sod-1, Sod-2, Sod-3) aeneusgrupe, 16 lokusa (Aat, Ao, Fum, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm, Sod-1,Sod-2, Sod-3) avidus grupe i 12 lokusa (Fum, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-1, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2,Pgm, Sod-1) populacija vrste Ch. vernalis.Populaciono-genetičkom analizom vrsta ruficornis grupe utvrđen je dijagnostički značaj Aat,Fum, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm i Sod-1 lokusa. Species-specifičnim alelima identifikovane suvrste i formiran genetičko-biohemijski dihotomi ključ. Analizom alozimske varijabilnosti populacija vrstaaeneus grupe registrovani su kriptični taksoni: M. aeneus A, M. aeneus B, M. aeneus C, M. cinereus A iM. cinereus B. U simpatričkim i alohronim populacijama vrsta M. aeneus A i M. aeneus C registrovani sudijagnostički Had, Sod-1, Me, Aat i Pgm lokusi. Analizom PGM zimograma, u okviru prethodnodefinisane "prolećne generacije" determinisana je populacija sa Kopaonika taksona M. aeneus B aeneuskompleksa. Determinacija kriptičnih taksona M. cinereus A i M. cinereus B izvršena je na osnovu speciesspecifičnihgenotipova Had lokusa. Najveći broj dijagnostičkih lokusa registrovan je između vrsta M.desuturinus i M. funestus, kao i između navedenih vrsta i ostalih vrsta aeneus kompleksa. Utvrđen je idijagnostički značaj većine analiziranih lokusa: Aat, Fum, Gpd-2, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-2, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm iSod-1. Na osnovu genetičkih markera Aat i Idh-2 lokusa i dijagnostičkih morfoloških karakteraidentifikovane su sestrinske vrste M. avidus A i M. avidus B.Stepen genetičke diferencijacije između vrsta u okviru ruficornis i aeneus grupa bio je veći uodnosu na blisko srodne vrste aeneus i cinereus kompleksa i sestrinskih vrsta avidus grupe. Na genetičkuidentičnost ukazuje 52,94% (ruficornis grupa) i 55,56% (aeneus grupa) vrednosti genetičke bliskosti polokusu, odnosno, potpuna genetička različitost registrovana je u 25,41% (ruficornis grupa) i 25,49%(aeneus grupa) analiza.Na osnovu prosečne genetičke bliskosti i klaster analize u okviru ruficornis grupe diferencirana jegrupa blisko srodnih vrsta M. armipes, M. ruficornis i M. recurvus u odnosu na genetički udaljene vrste,M. crymensis i M. loewi. Dendrogramom genetičkih odnosa između vrsta aeneus grupe formirana jemonofiletska grupa vrsta aeneus i cinereus kompleksa, nasuprot genetički udaljenim vrstama M. funestus iM. desuturinus.Utvrđena je veća zastupljenost vrednosti genetičke bliskosti po lokusu, mere genetičkeidentičnosti (37,44%) i manji procenat pokazatelja genetičke različitosti (47,80%) između vrsta aeneus iavidus grupa u odnosu na vrste ruficornis i avidus grupe (29,84% i 58,09%). Na visok stepen genetičkihrazlika između kongeneričkih vrsta roda Merodon ukazuje najveća procentualna zastupljenost vrednostigenetičke bliskosti po lokusu, pokazatelja genetičke različitosti (62,01%) i mali stepen genetičkeidentičnosti (26,84%).Utvrđen je pleziomorfan karakter Gpi (Gpijl), Hk-2, Hk-3 (Hkc) i Mdh-2 (Mdh-2e) lokusa vrstaruficornis, aeneus i avidus grupa roda Merodon, kao i predački aleli Gpii, Gpij, i Pgmf vrsta avidus iaeneus grupa. Poređenjem alozima determinisanih alelima 10 lokusa populacija vrste Cheilosia vernalis,suprageneričke out vrste, i populacija vrsta roda Merodon, registrovani su identični aleli samo u Fum iPgm lokusima.
Gene-enzyme variability of the ruficornis (11 populations: M. ruficornis, M. armipes, M.crymensis, M. loewi and M. recurvus), aeneus (11 populations: M. aeneus: M. aeneus A, M. aeneus B, M.aeneus C, M. cinereus A, M. cinereus B, M. funestus and M. desuturinus) and avidus (7 populations: M.avidus A and M. avidus B) groups of species of the genus Merodon and four Cheilosia vernalispopulations from the Balkan peninsula was analyzed using PAGE (polyacrilamide electrophoresis).Allozyme variability of 17 loci in the ruficornis species group (Aat, Fum, Gpd-1, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had, Hk-2,Hk-3, Idh-1, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm, Sod-1, Sod-2, Sod-3), 17 loci in the aeneus species group(Aat, Fum, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm, Sod-1, Sod-2, Sod-3), 16 loci inthe avidus species group (Aat, Ao, Fum, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm,Sod-1, Sod-2, Sod-3) and 12 loci in Ch. vernalis populations (Fum, Gpd-2, Gpi, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-1,Idh-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Pgm, Sod-1) was evaluated.Diagnostic value of Aat, Fum, Had, Hk-2, Hk-3, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm and Sod-1 loci was determinedby the population-genetic analysis of the ruficornis species group. The species were identified usingspecies-specific alleles and genetic-biochemical key was formed. Allozyme variability analysis of theaeneus species group populations enabled discrimination of the cryptic taxa: M. aeneus A, M. aeneus B,M. aeneus C, M. cinereus A and M. cinereus B. In sympatric and alochronic populations of the species M.aeneus A and M. aeneus diagnostic loci were observed (Had, Sod-1, Me, Aat and Pgm). Analysis of thePGM zymogram allowed the identification of the cryptic species M. aeneus B in the previously delineated"spring generation" from Kopaonik. Cryptic taxa M. cinereus A and M. cinereus B were discriminatedbased on the species-specific genotypes at the Had locus. The largest numbers of the diagnostic loci wereregistered for differentiating M. desuturinus and M. funestus species, and between these two and otherspecies of the aeneus complex. Diagnostic value was recorded for the analyzed loci: Aat, Fum, Gpd-2, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-2, Mdh-2, Me, Pgm and Sod-1. Sibling species M. avidus A and M. avidus B were identifiedusing genetic markers of Aat and Idh-2 loci and diagnostic morphological characters.The degree of genetic differentiation between the species of the ruficornis and the aeneus groupswas higher comparing to closely related species of the aeneus and the cinereus complexes and siblingspecies of the avidus group. Out of the performed analyses, 52.94% (ruficornis group) and 55.56%(aeneus group) of the genetic identity values for loci point to genetic identity, while complete geneticdifference was registered in 25.41% (ruficornis group) and 25.49% (aeneus group).Average values of the genetic identity and cluster analysis enabled differentiating the groups ofclosely related (M. armipes, M. ruficornis and M. recurvus) and genetically distant species (M. crymensisand M. loewi) in the ruficornis group. Based on dendrogram of genetic relationships between the speciesof the aeneus group, monophyletic group of the aeneus and the cinereus complex species was formed, asopposed to genetically distant species M. funestus and M. desuturinus.Genetic identity among loci between the aeneus and the avidus groups was higher (37.44%) whilegenetic distance was lower (47.80%) in comparison to the corresponding values for the ruficornis and theavidus groups of species (29.84% and 58.09%). High values of genetic difference (62.01%) and lowvalues of genetic identity (26.84%) indicate great genetic difference between congeneric species of thegenus Merodon.Pleziomorphous character of Gpi (Gpijl), Hk-2, Hk-3 (Hkc) and Mdh-2 (Mdh-2e) loci in theruficornis, aeneus and avidus species groups of the genus Merodon and ancestral alleles (Gpii, Gpij, Pgmf) in the avidus and the aeneus species groups were registered.Comparison of allozymes of the suprageneric out species Ch. vernalis and the populations of thegenus Merodon revealed identical alleles only in Fum and Pgm loci.

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Ljiljana, Šašić Zorić. "Молекуларни диверзитет Merodon aureus групе (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107246&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Род Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) се одликује великм бројем врста које имају функцију у опрашивању биљака. У оквиру овог рода својом разноврсношћу издваја се Merodon aureus група врста коју поред фенотипски различитих одликује и присуство већег броја криптичних врста. Због морфолошке сличности криптичне врсте представљају изазов за таксономе, те су молекуларне методе од посебног значаја. У том светлу примарни циљ овог истраживања је био утврђивање молекуларног диверзитета групе и могућности његове примене у таксономији. Истраживање је било засновано на анализи варијабилности секвенци COI и 28S рРНК гена за 718 јединки 41 описане или новоткривене врсте сирфида. Додатно, тестирана је примењивост мултилокусних ISSR маркера у раздвајању врста M. luteomaculatus комплекса. Узорци су тестирани и на присуство Wolbachia с обзиром да она може утицати на еволуцију митохондријалних гена. Добијени резултати су указали на високу варијабилност секвенци COI гена који се показао корисним у утврђивању граница криптичних врста у анализираним комплексима. Секвенце 28Ѕ рРНК гена у већини случајева нису биле од већег значаја за раздвајање врста, али би могле имати потенцијал у раздвајању комплекса или подгрупа врста као допуна анализи секвенци COI гена. Додатно, ISSR маркери су показали потенцијал за примену у молекуларној таксономији. Све анализиране врсте изузев М. balkanicus су биле заражене Wolbachia, али није утврђена јасна веза између варијабилности секвенци митохондријалног COI гена и инфекционог статуса врста. Утврђен образац генетичке варијабилности је вероватно обликован драстичним климатским променама током Плеистоцена и фрагментацијом хабитата. Да би се донели крајњи закључци о таксономском статусу предложених врста потребно је добијене резултате интегрисати са подацима других релевантних научних дисциплина.
Rod Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) se odlikuje velikm brojem vrsta koje imaju funkciju u oprašivanju biljaka. U okviru ovog roda svojom raznovrsnošću izdvaja se Merodon aureus grupa vrsta koju pored fenotipski različitih odlikuje i prisustvo većeg broja kriptičnih vrsta. Zbog morfološke sličnosti kriptične vrste predstavljaju izazov za taksonome, te su molekularne metode od posebnog značaja. U tom svetlu primarni cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje molekularnog diverziteta grupe i mogućnosti njegove primene u taksonomiji. Istraživanje je bilo zasnovano na analizi varijabilnosti sekvenci COI i 28S rRNK gena za 718 jedinki 41 opisane ili novotkrivene vrste sirfida. Dodatno, testirana je primenjivost multilokusnih ISSR markera u razdvajanju vrsta M. luteomaculatus kompleksa. Uzorci su testirani i na prisustvo Wolbachia s obzirom da ona može uticati na evoluciju mitohondrijalnih gena. Dobijeni rezultati su ukazali na visoku varijabilnost sekvenci COI gena koji se pokazao korisnim u utvrđivanju granica kriptičnih vrsta u analiziranim kompleksima. Sekvence 28Ѕ rRNK gena u većini slučajeva nisu bile od većeg značaja za razdvajanje vrsta, ali bi mogle imati potencijal u razdvajanju kompleksa ili podgrupa vrsta kao dopuna analizi sekvenci COI gena. Dodatno, ISSR markeri su pokazali potencijal za primenu u molekularnoj taksonomiji. Sve analizirane vrste izuzev M. balkanicus su bile zaražene Wolbachia, ali nije utvrđena jasna veza između varijabilnosti sekvenci mitohondrijalnog COI gena i infekcionog statusa vrsta. Utvrđen obrazac genetičke varijabilnosti je verovatno oblikovan drastičnim klimatskim promenama tokom Pleistocena i fragmentacijom habitata. Da bi se doneli krajnji zaključci o taksonomskom statusu predloženih vrsta potrebno je dobijene rezultate integrisati sa podacima drugih relevantnih naučnih disciplina.
Genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) is characterized by a large number of species which have a function in plants pollination. Within this genus, Merodon aureus species group is distinguished by its diversity and it is characterized not only by phenotypically divergent species but also with a large number of cryptic species. Because of the high morphological similarity, cryptic species are a challenge for taxonomist, thus molecular methods are of special importance. The primary goal of this research was to determine the molecular diversity of the group and the possibility of its application in taxonomy. The study was based on the sequences variability analysis of COI and 28S rRNA genes for 718 individuals belonging to 41 described or newly discovered hoverfly species. Additionally, the applicability in species delimitation of multilocus marker ISSR was tested on M. luteomaculatus species complex. Specimens have also been tested for Wolbachia since it may affect the evolution of mitochondrial genes. The obtained results indicated a high variability of the COI gene sequences that proved useful for determining the cryptic species boundaries in the analyzed complexes. Sequences of the 28S rRNA gene in most cases were not of much significance for the species delimitation, but they could have the potential to separate species complexes оr subgroups as a complement to the analysis of the COI gene sequences. Additionally, the ISSR markers showed potential for application in molecular taxonomy. All analyzed species except M. balkanicus were infected with Wolbachia, but no clear relation was established between the sequence variability of the mitochondrial COI gene and the infectious status of species. The established pattern of genetic variability is probably shaped by drastic climatic changes during Pleistocene and habitats fragmentation. In order to achieve the final conclusions on the taxonomic status of the proposed species, it is necessary to integrate the obtained results with the data of other relevant scientific disciplines.

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Campos, Thiago Augusto de. "Syrphidae (Diptera) em cultivos de Londrina-PR." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000201874.

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Larvas de Syrphidae (Diptera) predadoras se destacam como agentes de controle, principalmente de pulgões, entretanto o estudo de sua comunidade no ambiente agrícola é escasso no Brasil. Desse modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a entomofauna de Syrphidae em sistemas agrícolas de citros (laranjeira) (MP); soja com sucessão de trigo e milho (MA), hortaliças (HO) e fragmento de mata (MT) e observar a variação populacional das espécies dominantes, em Londrina-PR. O experimento ocorreu entre novembro/2013 e novembro/2014, com instalação de armadilhas Malaise. As coletas foram semanais, e os insetos levados ao laboratório para identificação através de chaves específicas. Mensalmente, plantas espontâneas foram amostradas, aleatoriamente, com quatro moldes de um m2 por área, sendo identificadas e calculada a porcentagem de cobertura do solo (CP). Foram registrados dados de temperatura (T: med, min e max), velocidade do vento (V: med e max), precipitação pluviométrica (P), radiação solar (RS) e umidade relativa (UR). Abundância de Syrphidae e dados climáticos foram ultizados para verificação de correlação (Pearson). Foi capturado um total de 10.026 sirfídeos, perfazendo 80,0% em HO, 15,8% em MP e 4,2% em MA. Foram identificadas 29 espécies e 11 morfoespécies de Syrphidae, sendo HO a mais diversa (S=32) e MA a menos rica (S=16). Quanto às plantas daninhas, foram identificadas 34 espécies, sendo a área HO com maior riqueza e CP média (S=28; 55,1), seguida de MP (S=22; 25,3) e MA (S=9; 4,4). Toxomerus foi o gênero mais abundante e de maior riqueza em HO e MP. Allograpta foi o de maior abundância em MA. Os dados de correlação demonstraram que a variação da abundância de A. exotica correlacionou inversamente à de Tmed, RS e Vmed em HO. T. virgulatus, em MP, teve correlação inversa com RS, Vmed e Tmed. Assim como T. politus em trigo. Pseudodoros clavatus teve correlação positiva para RS e Tmed em HO. T. dispar e T. watsoni são influenciados pelos mesmos fatores ambientais em HO, correlacionando positivamente com RS, Vmed, Tmax e CP; e negativamente com P e UR. A precipitação teve influência negativa à neutra na abundância de Syrphidae em todos tratamentos. Esse estudo confirmou que a abundância e diversidade de recursos florais impactam na quantidade de Syrphidae quando comparamos HO, com as demais áreas. Raphanus raphanistrum pode ser importante na atração de sirfídeos. P. clavatus, T. dispar e T. watsoni correlacionam-se com temperaturas altas, UR baixa e baixa precipitação; esses predadores podem ser destacados como objetos de estudo quanto a eficiência de predação em campo e seu uso estratégico no manejo de pragas.
Predatory Syrphidae (Diptera) larvae stand out as control agents, especially of aphids, however the study of their community in the agricultural environment is scarce in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the entomofauna of Syrphidae in agricultural systems of citrus (orange) (MP); soybean in succession of wheat and maize (MA), vegetables (HO) and forest fragment (MT), and observe the population varietion of the dominant species, in Londrina. The experiment took place between November/2013 and November/2014 with installation of Malaise traps. The samples were weekly, and insects taken to the laboratory for identification through specific keys. Weeds were randomly sampled monthly, with four molds of one m2 per area; they were identified and calculated the percentage of ground cover (CP). Temperature data were recorded (T: med, min and max), wind speed (V: med and max), rainfall (P), solar radiation (RS) and relative humidity (UR). Overall Syrphidae and environmental data were used to correction (Pearson) verification. A total of 10,026 syrphids was captured, totaling 80.0% of HO, 15.8% MP and 4.2% in MA. Twenty-nine species and eleven morphospecies of Syrphidae were identified, HO was the most diverse (S = 32) and MA the less rich (S = 16). As for weeds, 34 species were identified, the HO area with the highest diversity and average CP (S = 28; 55.1), followed by MP (S = 22; 25.3) and MA (S = 9; 4.4). Toxomerus was the most abundant and richer genus in HO and MP. Allograpta was the most abundant in MA. The correlation analisys has shown that A. exotica abundance variation was inversely correlated to Tmed, RS and Vmed in HO. T. virgulatus fluctuation in MP, had an inverse correlation with RS, Vmed and Tmed. As T. politus in wheat. Pseudodoros clavatus had positive correlation to RS and Tmed in HO. T. dispar and T. watsoni were influenced by the same environmental factors in HO, correlating positively with RS, Vmed, Tmax and CP; and negatively with P and UR. Rainfall had negative influence to neutral in the abundance of Syrphidae in all treatments. This study confirmed that the abundance and diversity of floral resources impact the amount of Syrphidae when comparing HO, with the other areas. Raphanus raphanistrum may be important in attracting syrphids. P. clavatus, T. dispar and T. watsoni correlate with high temperatures, low UR and low rainfall; these predators can be indicated as objects of study regarding their field predation efficiency and strategic use in pest management.

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Dunja, Popović. "Genetička karakterizacija kompleksa Merodon avidus (Diptea: Syrphidae)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111035&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U radu je izvršen integrativno-taksonomski pristup analize kompleksa vrsta Merodon avidus (Diptera: Syrphidae), na geografski i vemenski obimnom materijalu. U okviru genetičke karakterizacije kriptičnih vrsta navedenog kompleksa, bazirane na 3' i 5'fragmentima mitohondrijalnog COI gena, određeni su parametri genetičke varijabilnosti i utvrđeni jedinstveni i deljeni haplotipovi u okviru i između pretpostavljenih vrsta. Rezultati genetičke varijabilnosti COI DNK sekvenci pokazali su da jedinke sa ostrva Krf i Evia i poluostrva Peloponez, preliminarno identifikovane kao M. moenium, predstavljaju novu, endemsku vrstu proučavanogkompleksa. Dijagnostički enzimski lokusi pokazali su da M. avidus i M. moenium predstavljaju sestrinske vrste, koje su se, u okviru kompleksa vrsta M. avidus, poslednje razdvojile. Zaključeno je da se kompleks vrsta M. avidus sastoji od 5 vrsta: M. avidus, M. moenium, M. megavidus, M. ibericus i M. aff. moenium. U nastavku, oslanjajući se na moderne tehnike veštačke inteligencije, izvršeno je modelovanje distribucije vrsta i poređenje sličnosti utvrđenih ekoloških niša. U poslednjem segmentu istraživanja, prednosti veštačke inteligencije iskorišćene su u modelovanju sistema za determinaciju jedinki sestrinskih vrsta u uzorku, na osnovu adekvatne varijable.Ovo istraživanje doprinelo je karakterizaciji biodiverziteta osolikih muva, rasvetljavanju taksonomskog statusa vrsta i kreiranju smernica za definisanje budućih konzervacionih programa zaštite biodiverziteta vrsta Merodon avidus kompleksa.
During this research, an integrative-taxonomic analysis of M. avidus species complex was performed. The study was based on geographically and temporally extensive material. Genetic characterisation of cryptic species, based on 5’ and 3’ regions of COI gene, defined parameters of genetic variability. Shared and unique haplotypes between and within of cryptic species were detected. The results of genetic variability analysis based on COI gene showed that specimens from the islands Corfu, Evia and half-island Peloponnese, which were preliminarily identified as M. moenium, represent a new, endemic species of the selected complex. Diagnostic enzyme loci showed that M. avidus and M. moenium represent sibling species, which were the last one who separated within M. avidus complex. According to current information, it was concluded that M. avidus complex consists of 5 species: M. avidus, M. moenium, M. megavidus, M. ibericus and M. aff. moenium. In the next chapter, relying on modern techniques of artificial intelligence, the species distribution modelling and the comparison of ecological niches were performed. In the last part of the research, the advantages of artificial intelligence were used in order to model a system that was able to determinate one of two sibling species, based on appropriate predictor. This research has generally contributed to a characterization of hoverfly diversity and helped resolving a taxonomic status of species in one of the most challenging groups in Syrphidae family. Genetic differentiation data represent directions for defining future conservation strategies for biodiversity protection of defined cryptic species of Merodon avidus complex

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Moyle, Justine Louise. "The lethal and sub-lethal effects of lambda-cyalothrin to the syrphid Episyrphus balteatus (Degeer) (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295916.

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Jasmina, Ludoški. "Evolucioni odnosi u rodu CheilosiaMeigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20080508LUDOSKI.

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U radu su analizirani nukleotidni diverzitet COI mtDNK i fenotipska varijabilnost veličinskih komponenti krila taksona roda Cheilosia. Dobijeni podaci su korišćeni u sagledavanju filogenetskih i evolucionih odnosa odabranih taksona. Amplificiran je i sekvenciran 3' kraj gena COI mtDNK 119 jedinki 14 vrsta roda Cheilosiasakupljenih na 8 lokaliteta Balkanskog poluostrva i u Laponiji, Finska (vrsta C. albitarsis). Analizom su bile obuhvaćene i sekvence COI mtDNK devet vrsta C. melanuragrupe i tri vrste C. canicularis grupe preuzete iz Banke Gena. Geometrijsko morfometrijskom metodom analizirane su veličinske komponente desnog krila (oblik i veličina) 4717 jedinki 29 vrsta roda Cheilosia poreklom sa 21 područja Balkanskog poluostrva.U radu su utvrđeni diferencijalni fenotipovi veličine i oblika krila i specijes-specifični haplotipovi COI mtDNK koji su omogućili identifikaciju i razdvajanje blisko srodnih vrsta roda Cheilosia. Analizom parametara krila kod većine analiziranih taksona utvrđene su značajne razlike između konspecifičkih populacija većine analiziranih taksona, kod je jasan polni dimorfizam u obliku krila uočen kod svih analiziranih vrsta.Usaglašeno filogenetsko stablo na osnovu sekvenci 3' COI mtDNK ukazuje na monofiletski rod Cheilosiau okviru kojeg se izdvajaju četiri jasno odvojene klade koje odgovaraju podrodovima Convocheila, Taeniochilosia, Eucartosyrphusi Cheilosias. str. definisanim na osnovu morfoloških karaktera tradicionalnom taksonomijom (((Cheilosia s. str. + Eucartosyrphus) + Taeniochilosia) + Convocheila). Unutar klade Cheilosias. str. sve analizirane vrste su formirale monofiletske klastere sa njima blisko srodnim vrstama. Fenogrami evolucionih odnosa konstruisani su UPGMA metodom na osnovu oblika krila su bili podudarni sa topologijom filogenetskih stabla analiziranih grupa vrsta.
Nucleotide COI mtDNA diversity and phenotypic variation of wing parameters (size and shape) of taxa of the genus Cheilosiawere analysed. Obtained data were used to solve phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of these taxa. A total of 119 specimens from 14 Cheilosiaspecies collected from eight localities on the Balkan Peninsula and one from Finnish Lapland (specimens of C. albitarsis) were used for DNA sequencing. Amplification was attempted for 3' end of COI mtDNA gene (and 5' COI mtDNA and ITS2 rDNA in C. laticornis species group). COI mtDNA sequences from nine species of the C. melanura group and three species of the C. canicularis group were obtained from GenBank. Geometric morphometric analysis of wing size and shape was conducted on 4717 specimens from 29 species collected from 21 localities on the Balkan Peninsula.Based on differential phenotypes of wing size and shape and species-specific COI mtDNA haplotypes it was possible to identify and delimitate closely related species of genus Cheilosia. It was estimated that size and shape variation occurred among conspecific populations. A consistent sexual wing shape dimorphism was revealed in all analyzed species.Strict consensus cladogram based on COI mtDNA data revealed monophyletic genus Cheilosia and subgeneric divisions that are congruent with subgenera described based on traditional morphological character (((Cheilosia s. str. + Eucartosyrphus) + Taeniochilosia) + Convocheila). Within the clade Cheilosias. str. closely related species group were supported as monophyletic. UPGMA phenograms of evolutionary relationships based od wing traits produced the same topology as the phylogenetictrees constructed using molecular data.

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Castro, Maldonado Víctor Javier. "Descripción de estados juveniles de Allograpta spp. (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112286.

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Memoria para optar al título profesional de Ingeniero Agrónomo Mención Sanidad vegetal
Para describir los estadíos juveniles de los representantes más abundantes del género Allograpta en la Región Metropolitana, se hicieron capturas periódicas con red entomológica en sectores sin tratamientos de insecticidas en la comuna de La Pintana. Los individuos capturados se identificaron y sexaron, con el fin de poner a las hembras fertilizadas en contenedores que tuvieran las condiciones ideales para la ovoposición. Se logró criar y completar el ciclo de tres especies: A. hortensis (Philippi), A. exotica (Wiedemann) y A. pulchra Shannon, y se hicieron las respectivas descripciones morfológicas de los estados de huevo; larvas I, II y III, y pupa. Estas descripciones se utilizaron para elaborar una clave de estadíos juveniles del género Allograpta que permite identificar de manera simple y certera a las tres especies indicadas. Paralelamente, se hicieron observaciones de otros géneros de sírfidos afidófagos presentes en el lugar de estudio, lo que permitió determinar características propias del género en estudio. El conocimiento de los sírfidos afidófagos en sus distintos estados de desarrollo permitirá efectuar nuevos estudios con miras al control biológico y manejo integrado de plagas.
To describe the juvenile stadia of the most abundant representatives of the genus Allograpta in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, periodic samples were obtained with an entomological net from blooming plants in areas unexposed to insecticides in La Pintana commune, Santiago, Chile. The specimens were identified and sexed to set the fertilized females in conditions ideal for oviposition. Three species were reared to the completion of their cycle: A. hortensis (Philippi), A. exotica (Wiedemann) y A. pulchra Shannon, and the corrresponding morphological descriptions of their eggs, larvae I, II, and III, and pupae were made. These descriptions were used to build a key for the identification of juvenile stages of the genus Allograpta that allows for a simple and clear identification of the three species indicated. Also, observations of other aphid-feeding syrphid fly genera present in the study area allowed to determine morphological characteristics present in the genus studied. The knowledge of the aphid-feeding syrphids in their different development stages will allow for further studies focused on their potential use in biological control and integrated pest management of aphids.

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Mengual, Sanchis Ximo. "Molecular phylogeny and evolution of predatory Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/14536.

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Ljubinka, Francuski. "Molekularni i fenotipski diverzitet vrste Eristalis tenax (Diptera, Syrphidae)." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20120314FRANCUSKI.

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Sagledavanje ukupnog genetičkog i fenotipskog diverziteta i evolucionog potencijala vrste E. tenax izvršeno je analizom jedinki poreklom sa 42 područja Evrope, Australije, Severne i Južne Amerike i laboratorijske kolonije iz Španije. Analiza intraspecijske varijabilnosti vrste E. tenax izvršena je kvantifikovanjem varijacija u veličini i obliku krila 1653 jedinke i obojenosti abdomena 936 jedinki. Analiza genetičkog diverziteta na nivou polimorfizma nukleotidnih sekvenci mtDNK je izvršena kod 58 jedinki, dok je analiza alozimske varijabilnosti obuhvatila 821 jedinku prirodnih populacija i laboratorijske kolonije vrste E. tenax. Rezultati su ukazali da inbriding i stohastički procesi utiču na redukciju genetičkog diverziteta i da “oslobađaju” skrivenu genetičku varijabilnost koja je povezana sa fenotipskom diferencijacijom. Vremenska distribucija fenotipskog diverziteta vrste E. tenax je kvantifikovana analizom jedinki četiri alohrona uzorka poreklom sa lokaliteta Venac, Fruška gora. Mali stepen genetičke i fenotipske diferencijacije između durmitorskih uzoraka vrste E. tenax ukazuje na odsustvo prostorne substruktuiranosti i njihovu međusobnu povezanost intenzivnim protokom gena. Analiza konspecifičkih populacija vrsta E. tenax ukazala je na odsustvo jasne međupopulacione diferencijacije na osnovu parametrara krila i molekularnih markera (alozimski lokusi i COI mtDNK), te se može zaključiti da postoji intenzivan protok gena koji eliminiše razlike između populacija. Registrovan je polni dimorfizam u veličini i obliku krila i obojenosti abdomena. Uočeno je da mužjaci u proseku imaju manja i uža krila i svetlije obojene abdomene od ženki. Analizom fenotipske diferencijacije u karakterima abdomena na uzorcima vrste E. tenax sakupljenim duž geografskog gradijenta Evrope je utvrđeno odsustvo promena po tipu kline. Dobijeni rezultati omogućavaju preciznije sagledavanje intra- i interpopulacione varijabilnosti ovog takona i ukazuju da vrsta E. tenax ima visok evolucioni potencijal za adaptacije na sredinske promene
This paper examines molecular and phenotypic variability in the widely spread hoverfly species Eristalis tenax. We compared 42 samples from Europe, Australia North and South America, with the aim of obtaining insights into the temporal and spatial variations and sexual dimorphism in the species. Additionally, wild specimens from Spain were compared with a laboratory colony reared on artificial media. The integrative approach was based on allozyme loci, cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial DNA, morphometric wing parameters (shape and size) and abdominal colour patterns. Our results indicate that the fourth and eighth generations of the laboratory colony show a severe lack of genetic diversity compared to the figures observed in natural populations. Reduced genetic diversity in subsequent generations of the laboratory colony was found to be linked with phenotypic divergence. The distribution of genetic diversity at polymorphic loci indicated genetic divergence among collection dates from Fruška Gora Mt, and landmark-based geometric morphometrics revealed significant wing shape variation throughout the year. Phenotypic differentiation in abdominal pattern of the E. tenax populations along latitudinal gradient Europe has not been established. Consistent sexual dimorphism was observed, indicating that male specimens had lighter abdomens and smaller and narrower wings than females. It is reasonable to assume high mobility of the dronefly and high rate of gene flow reflected the similarity of genetic and phenotypic diversity of otherwise geographically distinct populations. Hence, the present study expands our knowledge of the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability of E. tenax. The quantification of such variability represents a step towards the evaluation of the adaptive potential of this species of medical and epidemiological importance.

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12

Gundry, Jamie. "A near-perfect flying machine : the 3D kinematics of hoverfly flight." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609179.

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13

Bressin, Sabine. "Environmental physiology of two hoverflies, Eristalis tenax and E. pertinax." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14924.

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Eristalis tenax and E. pertinax are two closely related Scottish hoverflies that share various ecological features, such as feeding sources, but differ in others (e.g. only adult E. tenax overwinter). The physiological performances and behaviour of these flies were studied in relation to the hygrothermal constraints faced, as were the physiological adaptations in the two (summer and winter) generations of E. tenax. Their water loss rates are rather high, lying in the upper part of the range for mesic insects. Rates are higher in E. tenax than in E. pertinax, and higher in male than in female E. pertinax. Water loss rates can be modified, notably in overwintering, water stressed females. Because of the rather high levels of evaporative cooling, these flies equilibrate at a temperature lower than ambient temperature. This work supports Bakken's (1976) recommendation of using equilibrium temperature as the "external" temperature for the estimation of warming and cooling constants, and further analyses the effects of evaporative cooling on these constants. Both species have endothermic abilities. Only E. tenax thermoregulate to a moderate degree in forward flight, but hovering male E. pertinax are excellent thermoregulators. Haemolymph shunting appears to be in operation in E. tenax, but is unlikely to be a controlled process. Large flies exchange heat with the environment more slowly, have faster warm-up rates, and take off at (and fly with) higher thoracic temperatures than small ones. Both linear dimensions and mass have to be considered, as the various aspects of insects' biology are not affected by the same size factor and because only then can "real" sex differences be distinguished from ones resulting from a difference in shape in males and females. In Scotland, male E. pertinax hover whereas male E. tenax do not. Hovering duration is strongly influenced by temperature. The foraging activity of these flies appears to be controlled in part by a circadian rhythm with additional effects of temperature in male E. tenax, and of light in E. pertinax. Overwintering female E. tenax select crevices in caves and ruins that offer a relatively constant, warm and highly humid microclimate. The start and end of overwintering appear to be triggered by changes in ambient temperature. Further opportunities for comparative studies of eristalines across their broad geographical range and between summer and winter generations are considered.

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Soleyman-Nezhadiyan, Ebrahim. "The ecology of Melangyna viridiceps and Simosyrphus grandicornis (Diptera : Syrphidae) and their impact on populations of the rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae." Title page, contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs685.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 213-233. This thesis studies the influence of the two common syrphid species on populations of rose aphids in rose gardens in Adelaide. The study determines whether the provision of attractive flowers increases the suppressive effect of syrphids on rose aphids and analyses some ecological and biological aspects of two syrphid species -- Melangyana viridiceps (Macquart) and Simosyrphus grandicornis (Macquart) -- in a Mediteranean climate to obtain a better understanding of their biological control potential.

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15

Borges, Zuleica de Moraes. "Revisão das espécies neotropicais de Xanthandrus Verral, 1901 (Diptera, Syrphidae)." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11422/3492.

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Apresenta os resultados de estudos taxonômicos das espécies Neotropicais de Xanthandrus Verral, 1901. As espécies deste gênero são facilmente distintas da maioria dos outros Syrphidae, por apresentar face com proeminência central, pleura metatorácica com fileira de cílios finos ventralmente ao espiráculo e abdômen com manchas, largo, achatado e elíptico. Das doze espécies citadas por THOMPSON et al., 1976, no catálogo de Diptera, seis são redescritas: X bucephalus (Wiedemann, 1830); X cubanus Fluke, 1936; X mellinoides (Macquart, 1846); X mexicanus Curran, 1930; X nitidulus Fluke, 1937; e X plaumanni Fluke, 1937. Três espécies, X flavomaculatus Shannon, 1927, X palliatus (Fluke, 1945) e X simplex (Loew, 1861 ), são incluídas nesta dissertação, com base nas descrições originais, pois nenhum material dessas espécies foi examinado. Duas espécies são sinonimizadas, X biguttatus Hull, 1945 (= Argentinomyia longicornis (Walker, 1837)) e X quadrinotatus (Bigot, 1884) (= X bucephalus). X smithi (Smith, 1877) é citada no catálogo como tipo não encontrado, e sem registro em outros museus. Foi examinado material-tipo das espécies X biguttatus, X cubanus, X mellinoides, X mexicanus, X nitidulus e X quadrinotatus. São fornecidas ilustrações de face, antena, asa, abdômen e terminália de machos e fêmeas, entre outros caracteres, além de uma chave de identificação para as espécies Neotropicais. O registro geográfico das seguintes espécies é ampliado: X bucephalus para México, Bolívia e Brasil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul); X mellinoides para o Brasil (Amazonas); X nitidulus para o Brasil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Paraná); X plaumanni para a Colômbia e o Brasil (Minas Gerais).
Presents results of taxonomic studies of Neotropical species of Xanthandrus Verral, 1901. The species belonging to this genus are easily distinguished from most of the other Syrphidae by their face with central prominence, metathoracic pleuron with fine pile ventrad of spiracle, and broad flat elliptic abdomen with markings. From the twelve species cited by THOMPSON et al., 1976, in the catalogue of the Diptera, six are redescribed: X bucephalus (Wiedemann, 1830); X cubanus Fluke, 1936; X mellinoides (Macquart, 1846); X mexicanus Curran, 1930; X nitidulus Fluke, 1937; and X plaumanni Fluke, 1937. Três espécies, X flavomaculatus Shannon, 1927, X palliatus (Fluke, 1945) and X simplex (Loew, 1861), are included in this dissertation, based in original descriptions, as no material was examined. Two species are synonymized, X biguttatus (= Argentinomyia longicornis (Walker, 1837)) and X quadrinotatus (Bigot, 1884) (= X bucephalus. X smithi (Smith, 1877) is cited in the catalogue as not found type, and without register in other museums. The type-material of X biguttatus, X cubanus, X mellinoides, X mexicanus, X nitidulus and X quadrinotatus was examined. Illustrations of the face, antennae, wing, male and female abdomen and terminalia, among other characters are presented, besides an identification key for the Neotropical species. The geographic register of the following species is enlarged: X bucephalus for Mexico, Bolivia and Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul); X mellinoides for Brazil (Amazonas); X nitidulus for Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná); X plaumanni for Colombia and Brazil (Minas Gerais).

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Ana, Grković (Stefanović). "Revizija roda Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) na Balkanskom poluostrvu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107291&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Osolike muve predstavljaju veliku familiju dvokrilaca koja u ekosistemu ima važnu ulogu oprašivača biljaka i razlaganja organske materije. One su takođe dobar indikator narušenosti ekosistema. Stoga je poznavanje njihove taksonomije iekologije od izuzetnog značaja. Jedan od tri najbrojnija roda osolikih muva predstavlja rod Eumerus, čija revizija na Balkanskom poluostrvu je predmet ove disertacije. Balkansko poluostrvo predstavlja izuzetan centar raznovrsnosti živogsveta, između ostalih familija i za osolike muve. Za rod Eumerus, ono je pored Srednje Azije i Južne Afrike, jedan od centara specijacije.Predstavnici roda Eumerus su uglavnom sitnije crne muve, ponekad sa crvenim trbuhom. Karakterišu ih bele poprašene trake na tergitima, dva reda trnova na metafemuru apikoventralno i uvučena gornja spoljašnja poprečna vena na krilu, često sa dva kratka ispusta na ispupčenoj strani, okrenuta ka spolja. Cilj ove disertacije bio je utvrđivanje tačnog broja vrsta na Balkanskom poluostrvu i razrešavanje njihove taksonomije. Kao rezultat, utvrđeno je 44 prisutne vrste na istraživanom području koje su na osnovu morfološke sličnosti podeljene u deset grupa. Tri utvrđene vrste ne pripadaju nijednoj grupi. U toku ovog istraživanja otkriveno je 12 vrsta novih za nauku: E. aurofinis, E. banaticus, in litt., E. bicornis , in litt., E. crassus , E. kar yates , in li tt., E. montanum, E. montenegr inus, E. nigrorufus, in litt., E. phaeacus, in litt., E. rubrum, E. tenuitarsis , in litt. i E. torsicus. Geometrijska morfometrija krila je d ala odlične rezultate za razdvajanje kriptičnih taksona u okviru roda Eumerus, primenjena na vrstama grupe minotaurus. Utvrđeni su najznačajniji morfološki karakteri za razlikovanje vrsta. Jedan od veoma značajnih rezultata ove disertacije je ključ za identifikaciju vrsta roda Eumerus na Balkanskom poluostrvu. Na osnovu morfološke analize donet je zaključak da tricolor grupa predstavlja morfološki zasebnu taksonomsku celinu sa jasnim indicijama da je njen rang iznad grupe vrsta. Centre diverziteta vrsta roda Eumerus na istraživanom području predstavljaju, prema bogastvu vrsta grčka ostrva Lezbos i Krf i jugoistočni deo Crne Gore uključujući Skadarsko jezero. Na osnovu Šenonovog indeksa diverziteta, područja sa najvećim indeksom su sledeća: ostrva Hios, Lezbos i Krf, zatim Peloponez i veći deo Crne Gore.
Hoverflies represents a large family of Diptera that have in the ecosystem an important role of pollinators and decomposer of organic matter. They are also a good indicator of ecosystem disruption. Therefore, knowledge of their taxonomy and ecology is of great importance. One of the three most numerous genus of hoverflies is the genus Eumerus, whose revision in the Balkan Peninsula is the subject of this dissertation. The Balkan Peninsula is an exceptional center of biodiversity, for hoverflies among other families. For the genus Eumerus, Balkan Peninsula is next to Central Asia and South Africa, one of the centers of speciation. Representatives of the genus Eumerus are mostly small black flies, sometimes with red abdomen. They are characterized by white stripes on the tergites, two rows of spines on the metafemur apico-ventrally and recessed upper outer transverse wing vein. The aim of this dissertation was to determine the number of species on the Balkan Peninsula and to resolve their taxonomy. As a result, 44 species were identified in the investigated area, which are divided into ten groups based on the morphological similarity. The three species identified do not belong to any group. In the course of this study, 12 new species were discovered for the science: E. aurofinis, E. banaticus, in litt., E. bicornis, in litt., E. crassus, E. karyates, in litt., E. montanum, E. montenegrinus, E. nigrorufus, in litt., E. phaeacus, in litt., E. rubrum, E. tenuitarsis, in litt. and E. torsicus. The geometric morphometry of the wings gave excellent results for the separation of cryptic taxons within the genus Eumerus, applied to the species of the minotaurus group. The most important morphological characters for differentiating species were determined. One of the very important results of this dissertation is the identification key for species of the genus Eumerus on the Balkan Peninsula. Based on morphological analysis, conclusion is that the tricolor group represents a morphologically separate taxonomic entity with clear indications that its rank is above a group of species. The centers of diversity of the genus Eumerus in the research area represent, according to the species richness of the Greek island of Lesbos and Corfu and the southeastern part of Montenegro including the Skadar Lake. Based on the Shannon’s Diversity Index, the areas with the highest index are as follows: the islands of Hios, Lesbos and Corfu, then Peloponnese and most of Montenegro.

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Hindayana, Dadan. "Resource exploitation by Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) and intraguild predation." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961696478.

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18

Howarth, Brigitte. "An ecological study of Batesian mimicry in the British Syrphidae (Diptera)." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1998. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19285/.

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This thesis is concerned with Batesian mimicry in British Syrphidae (Diptera), and examines the question of whether the ifies gain protection from mimicry. Batesian mimicry is the resemblance of a palatable animal (the mimic) to a distasteful or otherwise protected animal (the model), such that protection is gained by the mimic. Syrphidae (hoverflies) are colourfUl but defenceless insects which often resemble members of the Hymenoptera. This study provides evidence that certain species of hoverfly gain protection from their resemblance to Hymenoptera. In collaboration with Liverpool Museum the British Syrphidae were matched by eye to presumed model Hymenoptera. Once presumed model/mimic pairs had been suggested, a comprehensive survey of three sites in the north west of England was undertaken during 1994. Each site was visited once a week and counts were made of all Syrphidae and Hymenoptera on three plots at each site. Mean frequencies of models and mimics were compared, and it was found that mimics usually occurred when.models were present, and models were usually more abundant than the mimics; the data were also analysed usingan analysis of variance, and it was found that for most species tested there was a significant covariance between the mimic and presumed model numbers. Survey work in 1994 and 1995 showed that bumble bee mimics follow model rank order on each site, but not on all individual habitat plots. One aspect of fly behaviour of a bumble bee mimic was also studied (time spent feeding on flowers) and compared to other hoverifies and the presumed model. The results showed that the time the mimic spent on flowers was not the same as that of the presumed model. In the quest to understand hoverfly predation, immunological techniques are developed to test wild bird blood for evidence of antibodies against hymenopteran venom. The theory is that birds which have learned though a nasty experience that a particular colour pattern is distastefUl will also avoid other similar patterns, i.e. Wa bird is stung by a wasp it may not predate a hoverfly resembling the wasp. The main conclusion is that there are specific and non-specific mimics, and that nonspecific mimics significantly covary with model numbers, but specific mimics do not, which is not what one might have predicted if these hoverilies really do gain protection through Batesian mimicry. Also, it is possible to detect an immune response against wasp venom in birds and a method has been developed to embark on field trials in the future.

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Lampert, Silvana. "Fauna de Syrphidae (Diptera) em floresta ombrófila mista e lavoura de trigo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/35753.

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Resumo: Os sirfídeos têm papel fundamental em vários processos biológicos, apresentando diversos hábitos alimentares quando larvas e um importante papel como polinizadores quando adultos. Apesar de sua importância, poucos trabalhos são encontrados na literatura abordando a diversidade desse grupo de moscas na Região Neotropical, principalmente na Região Sul do Brasil. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi contribuir para o conhecimento da fauna de Syrphidae estudando sua diversidade na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Maragato, no município de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente utilizando-se armadilha Malaise e McPhail em três áreas com distintas fitofisionomias da Reserva, no período entre maio de 2011 e abril de 2012. O material foi encaminhado ao Laboratório de Estudos em Syrphidae e Acaliptrados Neotropicais - SANLab, Universidade Federal do Paraná para triagem, montagem e identificação. Para a análise de características ecológicas da comunidade, foram utilizados os índices de diversidade de Shannon, equitabilidade Pielou, dominância e uniformidade de Simpson. Os estimadores de riqueza de espécies usados foram: ACE, Chao 1, Chao 2, Jack-Knife 1, Jack-Knife 2 e Bootstrap. No total, foram capturados 721 espécimes de Syrphidae, pertencentes a 82 espécies e 22 gêneros. A maior abundância de Syrphidae ocorreu na área aberta e a maior riqueza de espécies na área de mata. Com armadilha Malaise foram capturadas 70 espécies pertencentes a 21 gêneros. O gênero com maior riqueza de espécies foi Ocyptamus Macquart 1834 e as espécies mais abundantes foram Toxomerus watsoni (Curran, 1930) e Pseudodoros clavatus (Fabricius, 1794). Com armadilha McPhail foram amostradas 21 espécies pertencentes a nove gêneros. O gênero com maior riqueza de espécies foi Copestylum Macquart, 1846 e as espécies mais abundantes foram Syrphus phaeostigma Wiedemann, 1830 e Ocyptamus clarapex (Wiedemann, 1830). A área de mata apresentou a maior diversidade segundo o índice de Shannon H' (3,48) e a máxima uniformidade pelo índice de Pielou J' (0,87). O índice de Simpson D foi menos uniforme para a área aberta. Para os estimadores de riqueza, o método Bootstrap foi o que mais se aproximou dos valores reais de coleta. Através da análise de agrupamento observou-se que a área aberta e a área de borda são mais semelhantes e que a área de mata foi mais dissimilar. Palavras-chave: Levantamento, Syrphidae, diversidade, riqueza, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN), Floresta Ombrófila Mista.

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Jelena, Ačanski. "Taksonomija i distribucija vrsta roda Merodon (Meigen, 1803) (Diptera: Syrphidae) u Palearktiku." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104333&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Predmet ovog istraživanja su vrste iz Merodon aureus, M. nanus i M. ruficornis grupe i M. avidus kompleksa sa područja Palearktika. Usled izuzetne morfološke sličnosti pomenutih vrsta, korišćene su tri različite metode u cilju utvrđivanja prisustva skrivenih taksona i definisanja granica vrsta. Komparativnom geometerijsko-morfometrijskom analizom su obuhvaćene vrste iz M. aureus i M. nanus grupe i M. avidus kompleksa. Interspecijska varijabilnost M. aureus grupe i M. avidus kompleksa je analizirana sa dva geometrijsko-morfometrijska pristupa: analiza oblika krila - zasnovana na specifičnim tačkama (landmarks) i analiza oblika genitalnog aparata mužjaka - zasnovana na pomoćnim tačkama (semilandmarks).Sredinske niše su kvantifikovane i poređene “Point base” metodom i njome su obuhvaćene sve istraživane vrste. Uslovljenost razlika u obliku krila i surstila analiziranih vrsta geografskom distribucijom i klimatskim faktorima je testirana upotrebom Mantel testa. Dobijeni rezultati analize oblika krila i genitalnog aparata mužjaka ukazuju na veliki potencijal geometrijske morfometrije u detekovanju morfološke varijabilnosti, odnosno kriptičnih vrsta kod sirfida. Na osnovu oblika krila i genitalnog aparata mužjaka, unutar svih istraţivanih grupa vrsta prepoznato je 45 nezavisnih evolucionih jedinica (M. aureus grupa - 36; M. nanus grupa - 5, M. avidus kompleks - 4). Sve kriptične vrste iz 12 analiziranih kompleksa vrsta su uspešno razdvojene, sa visokim procentom korektne klasifikacije jedinki. Rezultati ukazuju na veću moć diskriminacije oblika genitalnog aparata mužjaka u odnosu na krila. Razlike u obliku krila se odnose prvenstveno na promene u apikalnom delukrila što utiče na promene u dužini i širini ovog dela, dok su razlike u obliku genitalnog aparata mužjaka najvećim delom koncentrisane u posteriornom delu posteriornog lobusa surstila, delu genitalnog aparata mužjaka koja igra ključnu ulogu u pridržavanju ženki tokom kopulacije. Razlike u obliku krila nisu posledica geografske udaljenosti, kao ni razlika u ekološkim nišama vrsta. Uticaj abiotičkih parametara na razlike u obliku genitalnog aparata mužjaka nije zabeležen ni kod jedne od analiziranih vrsta, dok je uticaj geografske distribucije na razlike u obliku surstila zabeležen samo u jednom slučaju, kod M. luteomaculatus kompleksa vrsta. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da jeizolacija putem distance imala glavnu ulogu u diverzifikaciji oblika genitalnog aparata mužjaka kod vrsta ovog kompleksa.Rezultati su pokazali da se klimatski profili svih analiziranih parova vrsta razlikuju u makar jednoj sredinskoj niši (PC osi), osim para vrsta M. rojoi - M. puniceus i M. loewi - M. ovaloides. Faktori koji najviše doprinose divergenciji klimatskih profila analiziranih vrsta predstavljaju esktreme tj. limitirajuće faktore poput niskih vrednosti padavina i temperature i fluktuacija temperaure tokom godine. Za razliku od široko rasprostranjenih vrsta, endemske vrste imaju uzak opseg nadmorskih visina na kojima se javljaju i uglavnom su vezane za planinska staništa. Takođe, imaju niske vrednosti standardne devijacije za većinu izdvojenih PC osa što ukazuje na njihovu striktnu klimatsku adaptibilnost. Prema rezultatima analize distribucije i specijskog diverziteta, Balkansko poluostrvo odlikuje najveći divezitet analiziranih vrsta. On predstavlja centar biodiverziteta za M. aureus grupu, a zajedno sa severnim delom Apeninskog poluostrva za M. ruficornis grupu, dok je najveći diverzitet vrsta M. nanus grupe zabeležen na jugozapadu i severoistoku Anadolije. Analize klimatskih profila i specijskog diverziteta zajedno sa rezultatima geometrijske morfometrije ukazuju da je geološka istorija, tj. kontrakcije areala tokom glacijacija i interglacijacija, značajno uticala na diverzifikaciju istraživanih grupa u refugijumima zapadnog Palearktika.
The objects of this study are species from Merodon aureus, M. nanus and M. ruficornis groups, and M. avidus complex in Palaearctic. These species are characterised by great morphological similarity, and three different approaches were used to detect cryptic species and establish species boundaries. Species from M. aureus and M. nanus groups, and M. avidus complex were analysed using geometric morphometry. Interspecific variability of M. aureus group and M. avidus complex were studied using two approaches: landmark based wing shape analysis and semilandmark analysis of male genitalia. Ecological niche analysis were conducted for all analyzed species. Correlation between Squared Mahalanobis distances of both wing and surstylus, and geographic and environmental distances were addressed using the two tailed Mantel test. Geometric morphometric results indicate that wing and especially surstylus shape, have meaningful interspecific discriminatory power. Based on these characters 45 evolutionary independent units are recognized (M. aureus group - 36; M. nanus group - 5, M. avidus complex - 4). All cryptic species from 12 analysed species complexes were successfully distinguished with high overall classification success. Results showed that geometric morphometry of surstylus had a higher classification rate than wing geometric morphometry. The main wing shape differences are connected with apical part of the wing which influences his length and width. The main differences in surstylus shape are connected to the posterior margin of the posterior part of the surstylus lobe, involved in gripping the female during copulation. Mantel tests revealed that geographic and environmental distances exhibited no association with wing and surstylus shape distance among investigated species, except in M. luteomaculatus complex. In this complex, Mantel test results suggested that isolation by distance had a major role in the diversification of male genitalia.Ecological niche analysis contributed to the species delimitation. These results demonstrated that among all related species, with the exception of species pairs M. rojoi - M. puniceus and M. loewi - M. ovaloides, overall or partial divergence in environmental space is present. Distribution patterns of all analyzed species are mainly affected by the limiting effects such as low temperature and precipitation values, as well as the temperature fluctuation during the year.Endemics and species with a narrow range had smaller altitudinal ranges and were mainly connected with mountainous areas. Additionally, low standard deviation values for endemic species reflect their narrow geographic distribution and very strict climatic adaptations, whereas large values for widely distributed species reflect their broad adaptability.According to the results of distribution and species diversity analysis, the Balkan Peninsula is characterized with highest diversity. It is a centre of biodiversity for M. aureus group, together with the northern part of the Apennine peninsula for M. ruficorn is group, while the largest species diversity of M. nanus group is recorded in the southwest and northeast Anadolia.Distribution and species diversity analyses, together with the results of geometric morphometry indicate that geological history, i.e. range contraction during glaciations and interglaciations had a significant impact on the diversification of the studied groups in refuges in the Western Palaearctic.

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Rotheray, Ellen L. "The ecology and conservation of endangered saproxylic hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/9411.

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Hoverflies are important for their roles in ecological and environmental services, and are also charismatic species of conservation interest in their own right. Almost half of all hoverflies are saprophages, which are organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter, and these include saproxylic species that depend on deadwood. Deadwood and its associated community are a rich source of forest biodiversity and are fundamental to forest function, but due to poor management, many saproxylics are threatened or endangered, and techniques for conserving saproxylic species are poorly developed. In this thesis I study the ecology and conservation management of an endangered UK saproxylic fly, the Pine hoverfly, Blera fallax (Linnaeus) (Diptera, Syrphidae) and the dispersal ability of the similarly endangered Aspen hoverfly, Hammerschmidtia ferruginea (Fallén) (Diptera, Syrphidae). My main goals were to clarify methods to support their recovery in active programmes of species conservation in Scotland, UK. For B. fallax, this included experimenting with habitat creation techniques, investigating the best conditions for larval growth and assessing competition effects. In addition, I evaluated the genetic variability of the remaining population in Scotland by comparing it with one in Europe to determine whether genetic constraints may limit recovery. For H. ferruginea, I determined dispersal ability with field experiments involving mark and recapture techniques. By cutting holes at the surface of stumps of Pinus sylvestris, breeding habitat was created artificially for B. fallax at the remaining known locality for this species in the UK. Over 4 years, 81 % of holes were colonized by B. fallax, and by up to six other saproxylic syrphid species. The most successful holes were those cut into the heartwood, seeded with pine chips and sawdust and partially covered, as indicated by a combination of field occupancy monitoring and lab growth experiments. Observations of larval morphology and behaviour within rot holes revealed specializations that largely segregate the species in both time and space, and may mitigate interspecific competition between B. fallax and three more common syrphid species. I further demonstrated that B. fallax has a life history that features facultative semivoltine development, which may be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with fluctuating levels of larval food. Fifty B. fallax larvae were successfully reared and bred in captivity and from these, 430 descendent laboratory reared larvae and adults were released across three relocation sites. After initial success at the first re-location site when a new generation of larvae appeared in holes in 2010, a population crash at all sites occurred in the following year, possibly caused by adverse weather conditions. This disappointing result highlights the vulnerability of small populations to stochastic events, and means that survival of B. fallax may now depend on those larvae that are semivoltine, supplemented by animals currently being reared in captivity. My genetic analyses revealed similarly troubling information that highlights the precarious existence of B. fallax in Scotland: compared with a population in Sweden, Scottish B. fallax had significant less neutral genetic variation, and showed signs of a recent and severe bottleneck that reduced the effective population size to just 12 (CI: 0 - 266) individuals at some point in the last 200 years. Mindful of these challenges, I exploit my new data on the ecology and life history of B. fallax and combine it with techniques for captive rearing and for monitoring the genetic health of B. fallax into specific protocols and general prescriptions for the on-going recovery and management of this species. In order to assess the dispersal ability of H. ferruginea (and therefore its potential for recolonizing newly created habitat), in May to July over two years, adults were marked and released from a central point and subsequently monitored at the breeding site, decaying aspen wood Populus tremula, where adults tend to assemble for mating and oviposition. Adults were resighted visiting logs of decaying aspen set out at 1 km intervals along transects up to 7 km away. Up to 10 % of released individuals were resighted up to 5 km from the central release point. Most dispersing individuals (68 %) were resighted at 1 km, which I propose as the optimal distance for managing aspen for this species. Both of these hoverflies are case studies of techniques for recovering endangered saproxylic flies. Overall, my findings greatly increase fundamental knowledge of the ecology and natural history of these flies, and clarify some of the practical approaches that will be required in their conservation.

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Arruda, Vera Licia Vaz de. "Utilização de recursos florais de beira de mata por Sirfideos (Diptera, Syrphidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1990. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75619.

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Noreman, Rickard. "Pollinerande insekters (Apidae, Rhopalocera och Syrphidae) förekomst intill vägar i södra Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40617.

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More conservation programs directed towards insects are needed in order to prevent the continue decline in which many insect species in the world are heading to. New ways to use the remaining microhabitats are needed to mitigate the fragmentation and degradation that urbanization and modern agriculture have contributed to in the southern Swedish landscapes. This study focusses on how microhabitats like road-verges can help the conservation projects of pollinating insects. To increase the knowledge about three groups of pollinators (Apidae, Rhopalocera and Syrphidae) and their distribution between two different microhabitats, a malaise trap was set up in road verges and in sample locations further away from the road-verges. The result from this study shows that road-verges are a microhabitat that could work as mitigation to the decline of some pollinating species, if right actions are taken. This study shows that Syrphidae was most acceptant to the hostile environment close to the roads. If these actions are going to help the most treated species is still unknown.

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Sanja, Veselić. "Sistematika roda Merodon (Meigen, 1803) (Diptera: Syrphidae) na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih karaktera." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107863&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Taksonomija i sistematika su okosnica nauke o biodiverzitetu, obzirom da su osnova za identifikaciju i razdvajanje jedinstvenih filogenetskih entiteta (vrsta), ali i viših taksonomskih kategorija. Rod Merodon Meigen,1803 pripada familiji Syrphidae, podfamiliji Eristalinae, tribusu Merodontini. Vodeći je rod osolikih muva po bogatstvu vrstama u Evropi (124 vrsta). Sirfide predstavljaju veoma važnu grupuorganizama i njihov značaj u prirodi je višestruk (polinacija, regulatori brojnosti štetnih insekata bioindikatori staništa, razlagači materija u raspadanju itd). Iako su se istraživanjima roda Merodon bavili brojni autori, dosadašnje filogenetske analize nisu u potpunosti rasvetlile njegovu sistematsku poziciju, kao i položaj taksona na filogenetskom stablu. U cilju što boljeg razumevanja sistematike i filogenije roda Merodon, neophodno je analizirati genske regione koji evoluiraju različitim mutacionim stopama, kao i što veći broj filogenetski informativnih morfoloških karaktera. U ovom radu su u cilju istraživanja sistematike roda Merodon analizirani molekularni (mtDNK, 18S rRNK, 28S rRNK) i 250 morfološkihkaraktera (pomoću binokularne lupe i Skening elektronskog mikroskopa), pojedinačno i kombinovano a upotrebom metoda za filogenetsku analizu- maximum parsimony (MP) i maximumlikelihood (ML). Analizirano je ukupno 329 jedinki. Pokazalo se da je u ovakvom tipu istraživanja neophodan integrativni pristup, odnosno kombinacija što više karaktera poreklom iz različitih izvora. Na osnovu ML stabla svih gena tribus Merodontini je monofiletski gde se vrstaNausigaster meridionalis pojavljuje kao sestrinska ostalim rodovima tribusa (Azpeytia, Platynochaetus, Megatrigon, Eumerus tricolor kladi i ostalim vrstama roda Eumerus). Rod Eumerus je parafiletski i sastoji se iz dve monofiletske linije: Eumerus tricolor klade (potencijalnog roda) i ostalih vrsta roda Eumerus. Rod Merodon je monofiletski prema analizama kombinovane matrice molekularnih i morfoloških podataka, 5' kraja mtDNK COI i analize matrice morfoloških karaktera. U okviru roda Merodon detektovano je ukupno pet klada (aureus, albifrons, desuturinus, natans i avidus), odnosno četiri glavne evolutivne linije, potencijalna podroda: aureus, albifrons + desuturinus, natans i avidus. Mitohondrijalni geni pokazali su se veoma informativnim u sagledavanjufilogenetskih odnosa i izdvajanja većine klada, kao i grupa vrsta, što ukazuje na veću varijabilnost sekvenci COI gena u odnosu na nuklearne gene. Nuklearni geni samostalno nisu doprineli rasvetljavanju filogenetskih odnosa između klada(28S rRNK izdvaja samo natans kladu) u okviru roda Merodon, ali su izdvojili tribus Merodontini,kao i Eumerus tricolor liniju. Nuklearni geni su izdvojili i pojedine grupe vrsta u okviru roda Merodon, što govori u prilog tome da nuklearni geni mogu biti informativni kako na višim, tako i na nižim taksonomskim nivoima. Mala varijabilnost nuklearnog gena u okviru roda Merodon, naročitoslučaju 18S rRNK, govori o njegovoj konzervativnosti. Utvrđeno je da morfološkikarakteri genitalija mužjaka nose važan filogenetski signal za izdvajanje klada i grupa vrsta te upravo kombinacija različitih morfoloških struktura i njihova uloga sa različitim stepenom selekcije koja deluje na njih, uslovljava i njihovu evolucionu diverzifikaciju. Ipak, analize molekularnog i morfološkog seta karaktera pojedinačno nisu u potpunosti rasvetlili filogenetske odnose u okviruroda Merodon, što opravdava potrebu za kombinovanom analizom.
Taxonomy and systematics provide the framework for biodiversity research, since they represent a foundation for identification and delimitation of phylogenetic units (species), as well as higher taxonomic ranks. Genus Merodon Meigen, 1803 belongs to family Syrphidae, subfamily Eristalinae, tribus Merodontini. Hoverflies play crucial ecological roles (pollination, decomposition and recycling of a vast range of materials, bioindicators etc). Despite the fact that genus Merodon is the species richest hoverfly genus in Europe (124 described species so far), only few authors have dealt with its systematics and phylogenetic relationships of this large phytophagous genus. In order to understand the systematics and phylogeny of genus Merodon, it is necessary to analyze comprehensive number of gene regions known to evolve with various mutational rates, and as many feasible, phylogenetically important morphological characters. In this thesis, molecular (mtDNA, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA)and 250 morphological characters (with the aid of binocular and scanning electron microscope) were analyzed, separately and combined, with phylogenetic methods maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML). In total 329 specimens were analyzed. It has been proven that in these types of research integrative approach is crucial, as it considers a large amount of data from various sources. In ML analysis of all genes tribus Merodontini is monophyletic, with Nausigaster meridionalis grouping as a sister to the remaining Merodontini (Azpeytia, Platynochaetus, Megatrigon, Eumerus and Eumerus tricolor lineage). Genus Eumerus is paraphyletic, and within this genus two main monophyletic lineages can be identified: Eumerus tricolor clade (putative genera) and the remaining taxa of genus Eumerus. Genus Merodon monophyly is confirmed, based on all data analysis 5' mtDNA COI and morphological dataset. Within genus Merodon five monophyletic clades can be identified (aureus, albifrons, desuturinus, natans and avidus), or four evolutionary lineages, putative subgenera: aureus, albifrons + desuturinus, natans and avidus. Mitochondrial DNA is proved to be very informative in resolving systematic position of clades, species groups and taxa, which confirms the higher variability of COI mtDNA sequences compared to nuclear genes. Nuclear genes alone didn't resolve the systematic position and phylogenetic relationships between most clades (28S rRNA identified only natans clade) within genus Merodon, but these genes confirmed the monophyly of tribus Merodontini and putative genera Eumerus tricolor. Nuclear genes were also informative for some species groups, which implies that nuclear genes could be beneficial in resolving systematic position of both lower and higher taxonomic ranks. Low variability of nuclear genes within genus Merodon, especially 18SrRNA, proves the fact that they are conservative genes. Morphological characters of male genitalia carry the strongest phylogenetic signal, since they show a great evolutionary divergence in the shape and structural complexity, as a result of sexual selection. As molecular nor morphological characters alone couldn't fully resolve the phylogenetic relationships within genus Merodon, all data approach is proven to be necessary in this type of research.

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Snežana, Popov( rođ Jovičić). "Distribucija i diverzitet rodova Merodon Meigen i Cheilosia Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) u jugoistočnoj Evropi: predeono - ekološka analiza." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104712&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Istraživanje je urađeno u cilju utvrđivanja obrazaca distribucije rodova MerodonMeigen, 1802 i Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 na području jugoistočne Evrope. RodoviCheilosia i Merodon su najbrojniji fitofagni rodovi osolikih muva, a jugoistočnaEvropa je izabrana kao posebno interesantno područje analiziranja distribucije vrstazbog specifične kombinacije istorijskih, abiotičkih i biotičkih faktora koji određujudistribuciju. Na području jugoistočne Evrope registrovano je ukupno 202 vrsteistraživanih rodova; 121 vrsta pripada rodu Merodon, a 81 vrsta pripada roduCheilosia. Broj od preko 200 vrsta pokazuje da je jugoistočna Evropa područje odizuzetnog bogatstva vrsta rodova Merodon i Cheilosia. Ovakav zaključak dopunjen jepostojanjem čak 79 (39%) endemskih vrsta za područje jugoistočne Evrope. Premagradijentu geografske širine, rodovi Merodon i Cheilosia pokazuju različit distributivniobrazac; uočava se da broj vrsta roda Merodon opada od juga ka severu, dok jedistributivni obrazac obrnut za rod Cheilosia.U cilju analiziranja uticaja koje predeona struktura i promene u načinu korišćenjazemljišta imaju na vrste rodova Merodon i Cheilosia, sprovedena je predeono -ekološka analiza, uz pomoć GIS i odgovarajućih ekoloških softvera. Istraživanjepokazuje da postoji specifičan odnos između predeonih parametara i kompozicije vrstaistraživanih rodova - sa različitom osetljivošću rodova Merodon i Cheilosia napovezanost staništa i promene u načinu korišćenja zemljišta. Vrste roda Cheilosia supozitivno korelisane sa poveznošću staništa a negativno korelisane sa svim ostalimpredeonim parametrima, dok najveći broj vrsta roda Merodon pokazuje veću otpornostpri antropogenim promenama u ekosistemima. Ovakvi rezultati upućuju nadiferenciraniji pristup pri upravljanju područjima, fokusiran na intenzitet korišćenjazemljišta (ispaše) i povezanost staništa.Istraživanje je obuhvatilo i evaluaciju staništa u okviru predela različitih karakteristika(prostorno i vremenski), primenom analize SyrphTheNet bazom podataka, kojauključuje vrste rodova Merodon i Cheilosia kao bioindikatore. Vrste rodova Merodon iCheilosia su se pokazale kao veoma dobri indikatori koji mogu da ukažu na trenutnikvalitet istraživanog područja, kao i promene tokom dužeg vremenskog perioda.Analizom korelacije utvrđeno je da postoji povezanost između promena predeonihparametra u periodu od 25 godina i gubitka vrsta i kvaliteta makrostaništa na 17istraživanih lokaliteta.
The research has been carried out with the main aim to determine distributional patterns of two genera, Merodon Meigen 1802, and Cheilosia Meigen, 1822, in Southeast Europe region. Cheilosia and Merodon are the most numerous phytophagous hoverflies genera.Southeast Europe has been chosen as the specific region of interest to analyze species distribution due to its specific combinations of historical, abiotic and biotic factors that determine the species distribution.In the area of Southeast Europe, a total of 202 species of Merodon and Cheilosia have been recorded; 121 species belonging to the genus Merodon, and 81 species belonging to the genus Cheilosia, being a region exceptionally rich in species of the two genera. This conclusion has been supported by the fact that 79 (39%) endemic species has been found in the region. With regard to the gradient latitude, species of Merodon and Cheilosia genera show a different distribution pattern. More precisely, it has been shown that the number of Merodon species decreases from the south to the north, while the opposite pattern is true for the species of Cheilosia genus.In order to analyze the responses of hoverfly species to landscape structure, land cover analyses were performed using GIS tools and related ecological software. Merodon and Cheilosia species differ in their responses to land-use change and connectivity, with the latter genus being positively correlated with connectivity and negatively correlated with all other variables. Connectivity is the primary factor affecting Cheilosia, while most Merodon species demonstrated greater resistance to changes in human-modified ecosystems. These results suggest that different management efforts, focused on land-use intensity (grazing) or connectivity, seem to be appropriate when trying to conserve these taxa.In addition, the study examined the quality of habitats in landscapes of different characteristics (spatial and temporal), using SyrphTheNet database, in which species of the Merodon and Cheilosia genera were used as bioindicators. Species of the two genera proved to be very good indicators of the current quality of the study area, as well as changes over a longer period of time. Correlation analysis has found a significant relationship between the changes of landscape parameters for a period of 25 years and the loss of species and quality macrohabitats on 17 investigated study sites.

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Alarcón, Eddy. "Biodiversity of Insects from the Syrphidae and Carabidae Families in Three Ecological Niches (Forest, Forest Boarder, and Farming Area) in Three Communities of the Coroico Municipality, Nor Yungas, La Paz." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5327.

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Today, biodiversity is one of the most studied disciplines because it encompasses all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that exist and act within an ecosystem. In recent decades, biodiversity has been degrading rapidly due to the simplification of agricultural systems, and the irrational use of pesticides that alter the normal function of ecosystems. Within nature, each insect population is attacked by one or more natural enemies. In this investigation, during a six month period from June to December 2006, the biodiversity of predatory insects from the syrphidae and carabidae families was determined in three ecological niches of three communities with two posed risks (Malaise and Pitfall) for the Carabidae family and one (Malaise) for the Syrphidae family. This investigation presents the differences in composition of morphospecies from three ecological niches in three communities of the yungas of La Paz. In total, we recorded 67 morphospecies from the Carabidae family in a population of 1107 individuals and 38 morphospecies from the Syrphidae family in a population of 1333 individuals. From the data above, it was found that the most diverse community was San Juan de la Miel with 33 morphospecies from the Syrphidae family and 42 morphospecies from the Carabidae family. However, in the case of the Syrphidae family, a smaller quantity of individuals found were related to the other communities whereas in the case of the Carabidae family, a larger quantity of individuals found were related. The similarity indices show only around 8-15% between the different ecological niches and communities which is relatively low and indicates that dominant species exist in these ecological niches, whether in the forest or in cultivated areas. The Carabids are insects similar to beetles, coming in varied sizes and colors, with dark and bright metallic colors being the most prominent. The family contains between 20,000 and 30,000 known species. The Syrphids are similar to dipterous insects, coming in different sizes and colors. Generally, black and yellow, or a combination of both similar to bees, are the most predominant colors. The family contains around 5,400 known species. The Carabids and Syrphids are very important in the biodiversity of ecosystems as well as in ecology because they regulate the pest populations through predation. In addition, when they are adults, they pollinate crops thus reducing the use of petrochemical insecticides. The area studied has a good diversity of species due to the geomorphology of the site. It has small patches of crops and fallow land surrounded by forests that allow the maintenance of its diversity, which is very important for the balance of ecosystems.

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Laubertie, Elsa. "The role of resource subsidies in enhancing biological control of aphids by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/984.

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In this thesis, experiments were conducted in the laboratory and the field to determine whether the provision of floral resources to hoverflies could enhance the biological control of aphids. The overall aim was to clarify hoverfly behaviour and ecology in an agroecosystem in order to understand the potential of these insects for biocontrol under a conservation biological control (CBC) regime. A preliminary experiment in New Zealand compared the effect of different coloured water-traps on catches of the hoverflies Melanostoma fasciatum (Macquart) and Melangyna novaezelandiae (Macquart). Significantly more individuals were caught in completely yellow traps than in traps with green outer walls and yellow inner walls or in completely green traps. This suggested that if a measure of hoverfly numbers relating to a particular distance along a transect is required, consideration should be given to the ability of hoverflies to detect yellow traps from a distance. The use of traps that are green outside would more accurately reflect the local abundance of hoverflies, as the insect would be likely to see the yellow stimulus only when above or close to the trap. Also, the addition of rose water significantly increased the number of M. fasciatum caught. From a suite of flowering plants chosen for their ability in other studies to increase hoverfly visit frequencies, laboratory experiments were conducted in France to determine the plant’s effectiveness at enhancing Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) ‘fitness’, and to evaluate whether adult feeding on flowers was related to performance. Phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia Bentham cv. Balo), followed by buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench cv. Katowase) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) gave the optimal reproductive potential of female E. balteatus. There was no correlation between pollen and nectar consumption, and there was no discernible positive correlation between the quantity of pollen ingested and the resulting female performance. Phacelia and buckwheat were then studied as resource subsidies in the field in New Zealand. The effect of incorporating phacelia or buckwheat in the margins of 5 m x 5 m broccoli plots was tested for hoverfly activity and floral ‘preferences’. Hoverflies which had fed on phacelia and buckwheat pollen were found up to 17.5 m from the floral strips and females of M. fasciatum and M. novaezelandiae consumed more phacelia pollen than that of buckwheat in the field. These results support the choice of phacelia as an ideal floral resource subsidy in crops for enhanced biological control by these New Zealand species. The need for studying hoverfly movement in a large-scale field experiment was apparent from the field studies, so the next experiment was carried out in a field 450 × 270 m and flies were marked via their ingestion of the pollen of phacelia. The focus was on the proportion of flies having consumed the pollen. Although large quantities of pollen were found in some hoverfly guts, most did not contain phacelia pollen and very few were captured at 50 m from phacelia, compared with numbers at the border of the floral strip. A possible explanation was that hoverflies feed on a large variety of pollen species, reducing the relative attraction of phacelia flowers. Another possibility was that hoverflies dispersed from the phacelia away from the crop. Also, pollen digestion rates are likely to be a factor. Finally, a series of experiments was conducted in the field and laboratory to study hoverfly efficacy through oviposition and larval behaviour. In field experiments, female M. fasciatum and M. novaezelandiae laid more eggs where buckwheat patches were larger; however higher oviposition rates did not lead to improved aphid population suppression. In greenhouse experiments, larvae of E. balteatus could initiate a decline in aphid numbers at the predator: prey ratio 1: 8.3, however this control did not persist. Experiments in the laboratory showed that hoverfly larvae became more active and left the system while aphid numbers declined or numbers of larvae increased. This behaviour was caused by two factors: hunger and avoidance of conspecific larvae. Further experiments showed that the avoidance of conspecifics was caused by mutual interference rather than cannibalism. The results of this work highlight the importance of hoverfly dispersal ability. Given the observations of foraging behaviour of females and mutual interference observed between larvae, and the lack of success in CBC by hoverflies in experiments at the crop scale, it is essential to assess the impact of insect predators and parasitoids at a landscape scale.

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Nötzold, Rolf. "Kleinräumige Dispersionsmuster zoophager Fliegen (Diptera: Syrphidae, Empidoidea) im Agrarwirtschaftsraum und ihre Bedeutung für das Naturschutzmanagement /." Bern ; Hannover : Vaö-Verl. Agrarökologie, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009187183&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Halpin, Anne L. "The functional and developmental basis of colour pattern plasticity in hoverflies (Diptera : Syrphidae) and other insects." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402776.

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Day, Robyn Linda. "The use of model flowers to enhance oviposition by aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in arable crops." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479140.

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Cowgill, Susan Elizabeth. "The foraging ecology of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and the potential for manipulating their distribution on farmland." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316107.

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Veríssimo, Bruno Antonio. "Avaliação do potencial de Syrphidae e Asilidae como agentes de controle biológico das cigarrinhas das pastagens." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6782.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi registrar as principais espécies predadoras das famílias Syrphidae e Asilidae, e avaliar se as mudanças de ambiente provocadas pela conversão de um sistema de monocultura de B. decumbens para um silvipastoril pode alterar a diversidade, abundância e constância desses predadores. Além disso, estudou os aspectos biológicos e comportamentais envolvidos na criação de S. nigra, de modo a se obter maiores informações para uma produção eficaz e viável do predador, para uma futura utilização em programas de manejo integrado de cigarrinhas das pastagens. Para a primeira parte da pesquisa, os insetos foram coletados por meio de armadilha Malaise, a quais foram instaladas em monocultura de B. decumbens e em sistema silvipastoril. A abundância de sirfídeos e asilídeos foi determinada com base no número de morfoespécie. Os índices de diversidade e constância foram calculados utilizando as metodologias de Shannon-Wiener e Bodenheimer, respectivamente. Para a segunda parte desta pesquisa, foram avaliados a fertilidade das fêmeas, viabilidade dos ovos, duração e viabilidade do período larval e pupal. Os aspectos comportamentais foram observados por meio da resposta olfativa de fêmeas acasaladas, em olfatômetro do tipo Y. Constatou-se as espécies de sirfídeos e asilídeos candidatas a serem investigadas quanto ao seu potencial de agente de controle biológico das pragas de pastagem. Além disso, pode-se afirmar que as alterações ambientais provocadas pela conversão de um sistema de monocultivo de B. decumbens para o silvipastoril alterou os índices ecologicos avaliados para a família Syrphidae, a qual pode ser usada como bioindicadora. Ademais, os adultos, ovos e pupas de S. nigra são possíveis de se manter em laboratório; no entanto a viabilidade larval foi baixa, desta forma é necessário novos estudos para diminuir essa baixa viabilidade. Observou-se preferência significativa do predador S. nigra pelos odores provenientes das ninfas em contraste com o ar limpo. Mostrando que as fêmeas de S. nigra são atraídas pelas ninfas da cigarrinha das pastagens .
The main predatory species of families Syrphidae and Asilidae were registered and the environmental changes caused by the conversion of a monoculture system of B. decumbens into a silvipastoral one were analyzed to verify whether they would alter the predators´ diversity, abundance and constancy. Further, the biological and behavioral aspects involved in the breeding of S. nigra were investigated to obtain in-depth information for effective and viable predator production for future use in spittlebug integrated management programs. Initially, insects were collected by malaise traps installed in a B. decumbens monoculture system and in a silvipastoral system. Syphidae and Asilidae abundance was determined by calculating the number of morphospecies, whilst diversity and constancy indexes were calculated by Shannon-Wiener and Bodenheimer methodologies, respectively. The second section comprised the assessment of females´ fertility, egg viability, duration and viability of the larva and pupa stages. Behavioral aspects were observed by olfactory response of mated females with a Y-type olfactometer. It was revealed Syphidiae and Asilidae species with capacity to biological control agents of pasture pests. Results revealed that environmental changes caused by the conversion of B. decumbens monoculture system into silvipastoral system altered the ecological indexes evaluated for the family Syrphidae, which may be used as a bioindicator. Although adults, eggs and pupae of S. nigra may be kept in the laboratory, however larval viability was low, in this way new studies are necessary to reduce this low viability

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Hurtado, Asencio Pilar. "Estudio del ciclo de vida de sírfidos eristalinos (Diptera, Syrphidae) y bases para su cría artificial." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/45586.

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Esta tesis doctoral aborda el estudio del ciclo de vida de varias especies de sírfidos saprófagos de la tribu de los Eristalini: Eristalis tenax (Linneo, 1758), Eristalinus aeneus (Scopile, 1763) y Eristalinus taeniops (Wiedemann, 1818). Se ha incidido especialmente en múltiples aspectos de su biología larvaria así como en parámetros básicos de la biología imaginal implicados en su cría artificial y el establecimiento de colonias permanentes. A continuación se exponen brevemente los objetivos planteados y los resultados en cada uno de los capítulos, organizados en dos grandes bloques referentes al estudio de la biología larvaria y de la biología de los imagos. Bloque I. Estudio de la biología preimaginal de Eristalis tenax, Eristalinus taeniops y Eristalinus aeneus. Capítulo 1: Influencia del tipo de medio de desarrollo larvario en el ciclo de vida. En este capítulo se analiza el efecto de diferentes medios de desarrollo larvario sobre varios parámetros biológicos relacionados con el ciclo biológico de cada especie. En concreto se comparan tres medios de tipos artificial basados en cereal en grano (avena, arroz y cebada) frente a un medio natural elaborado con purín procedente de explotaciones porcinas. Capítulo 2: Influencia de la competencia intraespecífica durante el desarrollo preimaginal. En este capítulo se planteó el estudio de la influencia de la densidad larvaria sobre desarrollo larvario mediante el análisis de parámetros biológicos de relevada importancia como la supervivencia, la duración del periodo preimaginal, y el tamaño/peso seco de los imagos. Los resultados indican que, para todas las especies, el incremento de la densidad larvaria en medios artificiales de desarrollo (cereales) provoca un aumento en los periodos de desarrollo, una disminución en la supervivencia y una reducción en el tamaño final de los imagos. Este efecto fue también observado en Eristalis tenax utilizando un medio de desarrollo con purines porcinos. Capítulo 3: Estudios mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM) de los estados inmaduros de sírfidos eristalinos Eristalis similis (Fallen, 1817) y Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758). Este capítulo presenta la primera descripción de la larva y el pupario de E. similis, incluyendo un estudio morfológico comparativo de los estados preimaginales de la especie sinatrópica y cosmopolita E. tenax. Las descripciones de ambas especies se han llevado a cabo utilizando por vez primera microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). La morfología preimaginal de E. similis fue comparada con todas las descripciones larvarias conocidas del género Eristalis. Capítulo 4: Biología de Rhembobius quadrispinus (Gravenhörst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) y su efecto como parasitoide de pupas de especies de sírfidos saprófagos. En este capítulo se presenta la biología e importantes detalles del ciclo de vida del parasitoide de pupas R. quadrispinus, tanto en condiciones naturales como en experimentos controlados en laboratorio. El comportamiento de cópula y de ovoposición fue filmado en video para su posterior análisis. La idoneidad del hospedador y la influencia tanto de la edad de la pupa como de la edad de la hembra de parasitoide en el desarrollo de su progenie fue evaluada mediante experimentos en condiciones controladas. Bloque II. Estudio de la biología imaginal de Eristalis tenax, Eristalinus taeniops y Eristalinus aeneus. Capítulo 5: Análisis de los principales parámetros biológicos relacionados con la cría artificial de sírfidos eristalinos. En este capítulo se presentan resultados preliminares sobre varios parámetros relacionados con la cría artificial de sírfidos eristalinos. En el caso de Eristalis tenax, se evaluaron diferentes tipos de polen resultando como el más óptimo el polen fresco de abeja sin ser sometido a procesamientos por deshidratación. Respecto a la disponibilidad de polen en la colonia, una mayor frecuencia en el aporte de polen fresco proporciona a las hembras de E. tenax una longevidad mayor, llegando a superar los 30 días si se alimentan cada 3 días frente a los 18 días de media si se oferta cada 10 días. Capítulo 6: Análisis de los principales parámetros biológicos relacionados con la fertilidad y la maduración de los imagos. En este capítulo se describe el desarrollo ovárico de las hembras de Eristalis tenax, Eristalinus taeniops y Eristalinus aeneus, evaluándose la idoneidad de diversos tipos de alimentación y su repercusión en la fertilidad. También se analizó la influencia de la densidad larvaria en el proceso de maduración sexual de las hembras. En las colonias de E. tenax, las hembras no lograron una maduración completa de sus ovarios hasta una edad media de unos 20 días. El número medio de huevos en la primera puesta fue de unos 200 huevos y las hembras alcanzaron longevidades próximas a los 3 meses. En el caso de E. aeneus se han obtenido unos resultados muy positivos en todos los parámetros estudiados con relación a su fertilidad. La longevidad media de las hembras fue de 60 días en media, alcanzando frecuentemente los cuatro meses. Es la especie con un periodo de preovoposición más corto. El número medio de huevos por puesta fue de unos 135 huevos. En el caso de E. taeniops, se ha detectado una reducida longevidad de las hembras en condiciones artificiales, con un periodo de vida de poco más de un mes y con un prolongado periodo de maduración de las hembras.
European LIFE project ECODIPTERA (LIFE05-ENV/E/000302)

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Magnusson, Rundqvist Malin. "Examining the Link between Temperature and Flight Phenology in Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) Using Swedish Citizen Science Data." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177637.

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Global warming is causing a general trend of rising temperatures worldwide. Simultaneously there is also a decline in populations of pollinators all over the world. Therefore, it is important to examine the effect warming temperatures might have on different pollinator species. The focus of this study was to look at how flight phenology of hoverflies in southern Sweden is affected by rising summer temperatures using two regions differing in temperature, and 11 years of citizen science data on hoverfly observations. Summer temperature and observations of 13 species were used. Although four species had a significantly earlier first flight in years with warmer weather, there were overall no apparent trends toward earlier or longer flight periods due to temperature deviation. However, geographical location had a strong impact on flight behaviour of hoverflies in Sweden with hoverflies in Götaland having an earlier first flight compared to Svealand (located further north). This might be the result of an earlier onset of spring and summer in Götaland than in Svealand. The results of this study indicate that more factors than temperature affect flight phenology in hoverflies.

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Marija, Miličić. "Funkcionalni karakteri i modelovanje distribucije vrsta osolikih muva (Diptera: Syrphidae) jugoistočne Evrope u proceni rizika od izumiranja." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=105155&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U radu je izvršena podela 572 registrovane vrste osolikih muva sa područja jugoistočne Evrope na funkcionalne grupe, na osnovu registrovanih funkcionalnih karaktera. Zaodabrane 44 endemske i nativne ne-endemske vrste koje su svojim klimatskim nišama ograničene na istraživani prostor, kreirane su mape sadašnje i buduće potencijalne distribucije (za dva perioda, 2041 -2060 i 2061-2080) upotrebom MAXENT algoritma. Na osnovu dobijenih mapa, izračunata je potenijalna promena areala za odabrane vrste, čime je procenjen efekat klimatskih promena na distribuciju vrsta sirfida. Detektovane su vrste koje će najviše biti pogođene klimatskim promenama, kao i prostori sa najvećim potencijalnim bogatstvom vrsta u budućnosti i područja predviđena da će izgubiti deo diverziteta sirfida. Pokazano je da vrste sa ograničenim arealom neće u budućnosti iskusiti veće smanjenje areala u odnosu na široko rasprostranjene vrste. Takođe, na osnovu mapa potenicijalne sadašnje distribucije i procenjene retkosti vrsta, izvršena je prioretizacija područja značajnih za opstanak osolikih muva u jugoistočnoj Evropi. Primenom linearnih regresionih i linearnih modela sa mešovitim efektom ispitana je međuzavisnost funkcionalnih karaktera vrsta i procenjene promene veličine areala. Definisani su funkcionalni karakteri koji utiču na promenu veličine areala osolikih muva. Ustanovljeni koncept može biti upotrebljen za detekciju vrsta koje se još uvek ne smatraju ugroženim, ali zbog svojih biološko-ekoloških karakteristika imaju potencijal da to postanu, te stoga zaslužuju pažnju konzervacionista. Dobijeni rezultati mogu u velikoj meri poslužiti za kreiranje sistematskog konzervacionog plana za očuvanje osolikih muva na teritoriji jugoistočne Evrope.
In this paper, the division of 572 species of hoverflies registered in Southeast Europe into functional groups was conducted, based on their functional traits. For 44 selected endemic and native non-endemic species that have their climatic niches limited in the study area, maps of current and future potential distributions were created (for the periods, 2041-2060 and 2061-2080) using MAXENT algorithm. Based on the obtained maps, changes in potential area of occupancy were calculated, in order to estimate the effect of climate change on the distribution of hoverfly species. Species that will be most affected by climate change were detected, as well as the areas with the greatest potential species richness in the future and areas predicted to lose part of the diversity of hoverflies. It is shown that species with limited distribution in the future will not experience a greater reduction of its area in relation to the widespread species. Also, based on the current maps of potential distribution and assessed rarity of species,priority areas important for the survival of hoverflies in Southeast Europe were established. By using linear regression and linear mixed effect models, the interdependence between functional traits and the estimated changes in the range size was tested. Traits affecting the changes in range size of hoverflies were determined. The established concept can be used for the detection of species that are not yet considered endangered, but because of their biological and ecological traits have the potential to become threatened, and therefore deserve the attention of conservationists. This results can largely be used to create a systematic conservation plan for the preservation of hoverflies in Southeast Europe.

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Amorós, Jiménez Rocco. "Biología, interacciones y uso del depredador Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Diptera: Syrphidae) en el control integrado de plagas de áfidos en cultivos de invernadero." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/35982.

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Mahmoud, T. T. "The haemocytes and heart activity of Episyrphus balteatus DeG. (Syrphidae: Diptera) and their response to environmental factors." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370147.

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Hickman, Janice Mary. "The usefulness of Phacelia tanacetifolia strips as a resource for aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera: syrphidae) on arable land." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241989.

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Sarthou, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude systématique, biogéographique et agroécocénotique des Syrphidae (Insecta. Diptera) du Sud-Ouest de la France." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT021A.

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Les syrphidae, qui comptent environ 480 especes en france, sont de tres bons indicateurs de milieux et de precieux auxiliaires de l'agriculture. Afin de comprendre la structure et la dynamique des syrphidocenoses dans les agroecosystemes pour tendre vers une agriculture durable, nous avons etudie 50 biotopes diversement anthropises. * contribution systematique: paragus bradescui est revalide, la diagnose de temnostoma meridionale est precisee et un changement de genre est propose pour meligramma cincta. * contribution biogeographique: 5 especes sont mentionnees pour la premiere fois en france et 11 voient leur aire de distribution palearctique s'etendre. * contribution agroecocenotique: la diversite syrphidienne, totale d'une part, diminue avec l'anthropisation a forte remanence, et a forte valeur patrimoniale d'autre part, croit avec la maturation ecologique des biotopes. Sphaerophoria scripta et eupeodes corollae manifestent dans certains biotopes moyennement anthropises, des augmentations spectaculaires d'effectifs. Nous discutons des amenagements possibles des agroecosystemes pour beneficier des syrphidae auxiliaires et proposons des elements pour une theorie des agroecosystemes: maillage des entropies endogenes et exogenes

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Ricarte, Antonio. "Biodiversidad de sírfidos (Diptera: Syrphidae) y conservación de los hábitats en el Parque Nacional de Cabañeros, España." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/9663.

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El alto potencial de los insectos como herramientas para la conservación y gestión de la biodiversidad está infravalorado. Los sírfidos (Diptera: Syrphidae) destacan, entre otras cosas, por su carácter bioindicador del estado de conservación de los hábitats. No obstante, la fauna de sírfidos de la parte occidental de la Cuenca Mediterránea, está insuficientemente estudiada y los ciclos biológicos de muchas especies raras, amenazadas o endémicas se desconocen. Este estudio se ha desarrollado en un ecosistema mediterráneo típico, el Parque Nacional de Cabañeros (España). En él se dan tres tipos de hábitats: arbolados, matorrales y pastizales. Cada uno predomina en un área, constituyéndose así las matrices de tres paisajes diferentes. Los arbolados ofrecen un mayor número de nichos a los sírfidos, destacando algunos árboles por su antigüedad y porte. Se ha realizado un muestreo sistemático con manga entomológica en 18 puntos de los tres tipos de hábitats distribuidos por igual en los diferentes paisajes, así como un muestreo sistemático con trampas Malaise en cinco de los hábitats más representativos (alcornocal, fresneda, matorral, melojar, raña). También se han hecho búsquedas de fases inmaduras, sobre todo, de especies fitófagas y saproxílicas.
The high potential that insects have, as tools for conservation and management of biodiversity, is devalued due to the lack of entomological studies, even in protected areas. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are important bioindicators for the conservation status of habitats, as well as pollinators, pest controllers or pests of cultivated plants. However, the hoverfly fauna from the western Mediterranean Basin is not studied enough. Life histories of numerous rare, threatened or endemic species are unknown. This study was carried out in a typical Mediterranean ecosystem, Cabañeros National Park (Spain). The area includes three habitat types, woodlands, scrublands and grasslands, dominating each one – matrix – in three different landscapes. Woodlands supply a diverse and abundant range of ecological niches for hoverflies, including many microsite types associated with overmature trees. A systematic sampling by hand net was conducted in 18 sampling points. Each landscape had a pair of sampling points belonging to each of the aforementioned three habitat types. A systematic sampling by Malaise traps was also performed in five Mediterranean-representative habitats – grassland or “raña”, Fraxinus angustifolia forest, Quercus suber forest, Quercus pyrenaica forest and scrubland. In addition, immature stages were sampled, mainly for phytophagous and saproxylic species.

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Sánchez, Galván Ingrid R. "Redes de Interacción Formadas por Coleópteros y Dípteros (Syrphidae) Saproxílicos en Oquedades Arbóreas del Bosque Mediterráneo Ibérico." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/77667.

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En la presente tesis doctoral se presenta un estudio profundo de los ensambles formados por insectos saproxílicos (Coleópteros y Dípteros Syrphidae) ligados a las cavidades arbóreas de quercínas ibéricas (Quercus spp). Las especies saproxílicas (coleópteros y dípteros sírfidos) conforman complejas redes ecológicas conectadas a través de diferentes interacciones de especies insecto-insecto. Nuestros hallazgos recalcan la importancia para la conservación de la comunidad entomológica saproxílica, centrar la atención en el estudio de especies clave que cumplen un papel fundamental en la organización de los ensambles al condicionar la presencia o la ausencia de otras especies o gremios de especies que se desarrollan dentro de cada oquedad (ej. especies “ingenieros del ecosistema”). Ponemos de manifiesto también la importancia que tiene la microbiota dentro la oquedad como recurso trófico de las fases larvarias acuáticas de especies de sírfidos que como adultos, son visitantes florales asiduos de las flores de nuestros bosques mediterráneos.

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Pineda, Gómez Ana María. "Los sírfidos (Diptera, Syrphidae) en el control integrado de plagas de pulgón en cultivos de pimiento de invernadero." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/7725.

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Kirst, Frederico Dutra. "Efeitos da fragmentação de hábitat na diversidade de Syrphidae (Diptera) na planície costeiro do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37233.

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Orientadora : Dra. Luciane Marinoni
Co-orientador : Dr. Rodrigo Ferreira Krüger
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 02/06/2013
Inclui referências
Área de concentração : Entomologia
Resumo: Um dos padrões fundamentais em ecologia é o aumento do número de espécies em função da área amostrada. Este padrão é comumente chamado de relacionamento espécie-área (SAR). O conhecimento de como e porque o número de espécies aumenta com o tamanho da área é primordial para o estudo da fragmentação de hábitat. Com o objetivo de identificar o padrão de diversidade de Syrphidae na Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul através do SAR, nós realizamos um inventário das espécies dessa família que ocorrem no referido local. Foram instaladas 140 armadilhas em 35 áreas em cinco regiões. Para cada área, quatro armadilhas foram instaladas equidistantemente, de acordo com o tamanho do fragmento, para uma amostragem uniforme e proporcional. Cada armadilha ficou no campo por oito dias. As coletas resultaram em 456 indivíduos, com um total de 49 espécies distribuídas em 17 gêneros. Todas as subfamílias de Syrphidae foram coletadas. Eristalinae foi a mais rica em número de espécies (n=23) com abundância de 187, seguida por Syrphinae (n=19) com abundância de 235 e Microdontinae (n=7) com abundância de 34 espécimes. Somente cinco espécies ocorreram nas três regiões: Pseudodoros clavatus (Fabricius, 1794), Syrphus phaeostigma Wiedemann, 1830, Copestylum (Phalacromya) spinigerum (Wiedemann, 1830), Ocyptamus argentinus (Curran, 1939) e Ocyptamus bonariensis (Brèthes, 1905). O SAR foi avaliado através de modelos de poder, com os quais verificamos a influência da área em função da diversidade alpha e gamma nas diferentes regiões. Nossos resultados com o modelo testado demonstram o número de espécies por área (diversidade gamma) aumentou com o aumento da distância entre armadilhas entre os intervalos de 36,02 a 315,22 metros (F1;10=6,990; P=0.025) com parâmetros c = -1,159 e z = 0,680. O mesmo foi observado com a diversidade alpha, que aumentou conforme ocorreu o aumento da distância (F1;10=7,232; P=0,023) com parâmetros c = -1,254 e z = 0,732. Portanto, a diversidade de sirfídeos responde positivamente ao padrão SAR, que é, quanto maior a área amostrada, menor o número de indivíduos coletados. Palavras-chaves: Relacionamento espécies-área, Diversidade alpha e gamma, Modelo de poder, Fragmentação de Hábitat
Abstract: A fundamental pattern in ecology is the increase in the number of species with increasing sampled area. This pattern is commonly called species-area relationship (SAR). The understanding of how and why the species number increases with area size is primordial to the study of habitat fragmentation. In order to identify Syrphidae pattern of diversity in the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul through SAR, we conducted an inventory of the species of hoverflies that occur within. 140 Malaise traps were set in 35 areas in five regions. For each area, four traps were set equidistantly, according to fragment size, for a uniform and proportional sampling. Each trap was exposed for eight days. Sampling resulted in 456 specimens, with a total of 49 species distributed in 17 genera. All subfamilies of Syrphidae were collected. Eristalinae has the highest species richness (n=23) with abundance of 187, followed by Syrphinae (n=19) with abundance of 235 and Microdontinae (n=7) with abundance of 34. Only five species were shared by three regions: Pseudodoros clavatus (Fabricius, 1794), Syrphus phaeostigma Wiedemann, 1830, Copestylum (Phalacromya) spinigerum (Wiedemann, 1830), Ocyptamus argentinus (Curran, 1939) and Ocyptamus bonariensis (Brèthes, 1905). The SAR was evaluated trough power function, which evaluates the influence of area size in function of alpha and gamma diversity in different regions. Our results demonstrate tested with the model number of species per unit area (gamma diversity) increased with the increase of distance between the traps intervals between 36.02 to 315.22 m (F1, 10 = 6.990, P = 0.025) with parameters c = 0.680 and z = -1.159. The same was observed with the alpha diversity, which occurred increased as the distance increases (F1, 10 = 7.232, P = 0.023) with parameters c = -1.254 and z = 0.732. Therefore, hoverfly diversity responded positively to SAR, that is, the larger the sampled area, the larger the amount of collected species. Keywords: Species-area Relationship, alpha and gamma Diversity Power Function, Habitat Fragmentation

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Pereira, Adriana Couto. "Diversidade da entomofauna do refúgio de vida silvestre dos Campos de Palmas, Paraná, Brasil, com ênfase na família Syrphidae (Diptera)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/45419.

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Orientadora : Proª. Drª. Luciane Marinoni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 29/04/2016
Inclui referências : f.28-33;46-47;58-59;77-79;88-90;93-101
Área de concentração : Entomologia
Resumo: Campos de Altitude são formações vegetacionais inseridos no bioma Mata Atlântica, em altitudes superiores a 1000m; nos estados da Região Sul, recebem o nome de Campos Sulinos. São formados em decorrência dos efeitos da altitude e do relevo, em condições peculiares, e apresentam elevado nível de endemismo devido ao isolamento das populações. A preservação dos campos nativos sempre foi relegada em detrimento à preservação de áreas florestais; dessa forma, pouco se conhece sobre a diversidade e os processos ecológicos que ocorrem nesse tipo de ambiente. No Paraná, a maior unidade de conservação (UC) de campos sulinos é o Refúgio de Vida Silvestre dos Campos de Palmas (RVS-CP), unidade criada em 2008 visando a preservação desse tipo de habitat na região centro sul do estado. O presente estudo compreende uma investigação sobre a entomofauna local, com ênfase em Syrphidae (Diptera). A família Syrphidae é abundante na entomofauna neotropical, brasileira e paranaense. Sua ocorrência já foi descrita anteriormente em algumas regiões do Estado, mas ainda não havia sido investigada no RVS-CP ou em suas cercanias. Foi realizado um levantamento da entomofauna através do uso de oito armadilhas Malaise, distribuídas em duplicata em quatro ambientes diferentes existentes na UC: interior de fragmento de mata, borda de mata, campo aberto e área onde foi retirado Pinus taeda. O material coletado foi analisado qualitativamente, quantitativamente, quanto à sazonalidade dos diferentes grupos e quanto ao processo de sucessão ecológica na área de retirada de P. taeda. Os resultados indicaram uma comunidade bastante rica e diversificada, tendo o ambiente de borda como mais propenso à coleta de amplo espectro para todos os níveis taxonômicos, mas apontando também grupos existentes apenas nos demais ambientes. Foram observados 11 novos registros de espécies de Syrphidae para o estado. O processo de sucessão ecológica tem se desenvolvido conforme o esperado, embora a análise de grupos taxonômicos de menor nível pareça ser bastante elucidativa para a compreensão do processo como um todo. Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade. Campos de altitude. Campos sulinos. Sucessão ecológica.
Abstract: Highland fields are vegetation formations inserted in the Atlantic Forest, at altitudes higher than 1000m; in southern states, are called Southern Fields. It is formed due to the effects of altitude and relief, in particular conditions, and has a high level of endemism due to the isolation of populations. The preservation of native grasslands has always been relegated in detriment of the preservation of forest areas; thus, little is known about the diversity and ecological processes that occurs in this type of environment. In Paraná, the largest conservation unit (UC) from southern fields is the "Refúgio de Vida Silvestre dos Campos de Palmas" (RVS-CP), a unit created in 2008 for the preservation of this habitat type in the south-center region of the state. This study comprises an investigation of the local insect fauna, with emphasis on Syrphidae (Diptera). The Syrphidae family is abundant in Neotropical, Brazilian and Paraná entomofauna. Its occurrence has been described previously in some regions of the state, but had not yet been investigated in the RVS-CP or its surroundings. A survey of insect fauna was performed by using eight Malaise traps, distributed duplicated in four different environments existing in UC: forest fragment interior, forest edge, open field and area where it was taken Pinus taeda. The collected material was analyzed qualitatively, quantitatively, about the seasonality of different groups, and about the ecological succession process in the area of removal of P. taeda. The results indicated a very rich and diverse community, with the border environment as more prone to broad spectrum collect for all taxonomic levels, although also identifying groups that exists only in other environments. Were observed 11 new records to the state of Syrphidae species. The ecological succession process has been developed as expected, although the analysis of lower level taxonomic groups seems to be quite informative for understanding the process as a whole. Keywords: Biodiversity. Highland fields. Southern fields. Ecological succession.

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Quinto, Cánovas Javier. "Diversidad, ecología y conservación de insectos saproxílicos (Coleoptera y Diptera: Syrphidae) en oquedades arbóreas del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros (España)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/28435.

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Ramírez-Hernández, Alfredo. "Diversidad y variación espaciotemporal de los ensambles de insectos saproxílicos (Coleoptera y Diptera: Syrphidae) en ecosistemas de dehesa del oeste ibérico." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/41468.

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Charron, Louise M. H. (Louise Marie Helene) Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Energy utilization by adult females of a hover fly Eupeodes Corollae (Fab.) (Diptera: Syrphidae); the effect of female size and reproductive state." Ottawa, 1988.

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Arcaya, Evelin. "Bionomía, diversidad y morfología preimaginal de sírfidos depredadores (Diptera: Syrphidae) en el Estado Lara, Venezuela. Importancia en el control biológico de plagas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/26778.

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Este estudio constituye una importante fuente de información sobre el potencial de los sírfidos depredadores (Diptera: Syrphidae, Syrphinae) como agentes biológicos para el control de plagas en cultivos agrícolas en Venezuela. Las larvas de los Syrphidae presentan una morfología muy variada y poseen una gran diversidad de modos de vida. La mayor parte de los representantes de la subfamilia Syrphinae, son depredadores de una amplia gama de hemípteros de cuerpo blando aunque también pueden alimentarse de otros artrópodos. Las principales presas de los sírfidos depredadores son los áfidos o pulgones (Aphididae), escamas (Coccoidea), aleuródidos (Aleyrodidae) y trips (Thripidae). Para la realización de la presente Tesis doctoral se realizó un muestreo en los principales cultivos del estado Lara y se revisó la colección del Museo de Entomología José M. Osorio (MJMO = UCOB, según el Biodiversity Collections Index) de la Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado". También se revisaron ejemplares de la colección del Museo del Instituto de Zoología Agrícola (MIZA) de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Entre los resultados de la tesis, se presenta una base de datos con los sírfidos depredadores estudiados con un total de 2571 ejemplares agrupados en 11 géneros y 59 especies. Del total de especies estudiadas, al menos se identificaron 15 nuevos taxa para la ciencia. Adicionalmente, se realizó un inventario de las presas y plantas asociadas a cada especie de Syrphidae depredador. Se reportaron nuevas especies de presas y plantas asociadas que aumentan de manera significativa el conocimiento de estas relaciones conocidas hasta la fecha en Venezuela. Como ejemplo, para A. exotica, se indican 6 nuevas presas y 23 plantas hospedantes; para P. clavatus se registran 7 nuevas plantas hospedantes. Por último, destacar 26 nuevos registros de presas relacionadas con el género Ocyptamus sobre 33 especies de plantas asociadas, presentando la mayor diversidad de presas de todos los sírfidos estudiados. En función de los resultados obtenidos en el muestreo se procedió al estudio del potencial biológico de Allograpta exotica, Pseudodoros clavatus y Ocyptamus dimidiatus, utilizando como presa al áfido de las leguminosas, Aphis craccivora en condiciones de laboratorio. Los parámetros biológicos de la especie (A. exotica) fueron estudiados en detalle. Las curvas de respuesta funcional de A. exotica se ajustaron mejor y mostraron el valor más alto de R2 para el modelo Polinomial indicando una fuerte correlación entre el aumento de áfidos depredados por A. exotica y las diferentes densidades ofrecidas de A. craccivora. El coeficiente de determinación para el modelo de Holling sugiere que A. exotica responde al Tipo de curva II. De manera complementaria a los estudios anteriores, se procedió al análisis de la morfología preimaginal de los géneros Allograpta, Pseudodoros y Ocyptamus. Además, se estudió la morfología preimaginal de Eosalpingogaster umbra Mengual y Thompson, Salpingogaster nigra Schiner, Leucopodella sp. nov. y xanthandrus bucephalus (wiedemann) aportando las primeras informaciones conocidas sobre su morfología preimaginal y las implicaciones sistemáticas derivadas. Se describen por vez primera el pupario, la larva madura (L-3) y la quetotaxia de O. dimidiatus y O. gastrostactus. También se describen los puparios de Ocyptamus funebris, O. norina, O. phaeopterus O. stenogaster, Ocyptamus lividus, O. tristani y Ocyptamus sp.nov aff. attenuatus. Por último se incluye una clave de identificación diagnóstica de las especies de Ocyptamus cuya morfología preimaginal ha sido analizada en esta memoria.
Consejo de Desarrollo Científico, Humanístico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (CDCHT-UCLA), financiamiento al proyecto de Tesis Doctoral 003-DAG-2007.

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Kramer, Igor. "Biodiversität von Arthropoden in Wanderbrachen und deren Bewertung insbesondere durch Laufkäfer, Schwebefliegen und Stechimmen : (Cleoptera: Carabidae, Diptera: Syrphidae, Hymenoptera: Vespoidea, Sphecoidea und Apoidea) /." Zürich, 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11046.

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Massardo, Darli. "Descrição dos estágios imaturos e mecanismos de alimentação de uma espécie de Alipumilio sp. n. (Diptera, Syrphidae) que vive sob a resina de Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18792.

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É descrita e ilustrada uma nova espécie de Alipumilio Shannon (Diptera, Syrphidae), associada à resina de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae). Além disso, descrevem-se os estágios imaturos do inseto, o mecanismo de alimentação e danos correspondentes aos tecidos da planta, com base nas microscopias óptica, de varredura, cortes anatômicos e testes histoquímicos. As fêmeas de Alipumilio sp. n. ovipositam nos ramos de S. terebinthifolius onde as larvas recém-eclodidas escavam os tecidos da planta, formando galerias e causando a exudação de resina para o exterior da planta, em meio a qual a larva se desenvolve e da qual se alimenta. Quanto ao dano correspondente, há necrose nos tecidos adjacentes à galeria, alterações nos elementos de vaso e na espessura da parede celular das células do raio, demonstrando que a planta reage contra a herbivoria. O estágio de pupa se desenvolve também sob a resina. A semelhança da larva, neste estágio a troca gasosa com o meio externo é realizada por meio de sifões.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syrphidae'

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