Journal articles: 'System approach of expertise'

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Varfolomeev, A. A., O. P. Ivanov, I. V. Surma, and Yu A. Trefilova. "Russian System of Foreign Policy Expertise." MGIMO Review of International Relations 13, no. 5 (November 11, 2020): 266–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-266-292.

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Abstract: The article considers the system of foreign policy expertise as an independent subject of research. The authors note the positive aspects of competitive analysis of the external nvironment, which allows one to level out the asymmetry of political and economic cultures within a given country, as well as to smooth out the personal interests. This ensures a variability of approaches in foreign policy decision-making, which ultimately contributes to the promotion of balanced national interests. The North American approach differs in preferences, methodological trends, forms of theoretical ethnocentrism and various forms of social construction. The European scholars and experts in foreign policy analysis use the theory of international relations much more extensively than their North American counterparts.Based on the analysis, we propose to use a comprehensive integrated method, developed in the Russian Diplomatic Academy, using an interdisciplinary approach based on elements of political psychology, sociology of management, international law, structural, functional and institutional approaches, etc. We also propose to use virtual cognitive centers and methodologies, which not only contain a specific sequence of stages of predicting the development of the international situation, but also provide an opportunity to choose methods of Foresight, taking into account the existing time, human resources and financial constraints, and the possibility of their adaptation to the applied tasks of analytical and prognostic activities of federal authorities in the field of foreign policy.

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Carson, L., and F. Allard. "Artists drawing angles: An expertise approach." Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 29, 2010): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.733.

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CARBONELL, NOËLLE, DOMINIQUE FOHR, and JEAN-PAUL HATON. "APHODEX, AN ACOUSTIC-PHONETIC DECODING EXPERT SYSTEM." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 01, no. 02 (August 1987): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001487000151.

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The acoustic-phonetic decoding of sentences is a major bottleneck in continuous speech recognition. Our group has been working in this area for the past twelve years. In order to improve the accuracy of present phonetic decoders, we are now developing an expert system called APHODEX that should emulate the competence of an experienced spectrogram reader. After a brief description of the methodology used to elucidate the expert's knowledge and strategies, we focus on the expert's approach and results. Finally we explain how this expertise has been implemented; some results from the present experimental version of our system are given.

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Loveday, Thomas, Mark W. Wiggins, Jemma M. Harris, David O’Hare, and Neil Smith. "An Objective Approach to Identifying Diagnostic Expertise Among Power System Controllers." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 55, no. 1 (June 28, 2012): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720812450911.

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Objective: The present study investigated whether performance across a range of cue-based cognitive tasks differentiated the diagnostic performance of power control operators into three distinct groups, characteristic of novice, competence, and expertise. Background: Despite its increasing importance in the contemporary workplace, there is little understanding of the cognitive processes that distinguish novice, competent, and expert performance in the context of remote diagnosis. However, recent evidence suggests that cue acquisition and utilization may represent a mechanism by which the transition from novice to expertise occurs. Method: The study involved the application of four distinct cue-based tasks within the context of power system control. A total of 65 controllers, encompassing a range of industry experience, completed the tasks as part of an in-service training program. Results: Using a cluster analysis, it was possible to extract three distinct groups of operators on the basis of their performance in the cue-based tasks, and these groups corresponded to differences in diagnostic performance. Conclusion: The results indicate assessments of the capacity to extract and utilize cues were able to distinguish expert from competent practitioners in the context of power control. Application: Assessments of the capacity to extract and utilize cues may be used in the future to distinguish expert from nonexpert practitioners, particularly in the context of remote diagnosis.

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Atanov, Andrei. "Intity, Reality, Expertise in System of Humanitarian Science Methodology." Bulletin of Baikal State University 29, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2019.29(3).359-371.

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The article analyses such forms of obtaining and processing information in the system of scientific and non-scientific knowledge as expert evaluation and expertise. The context of concepts «knowledge» and «cognition» evolves restrictions to the fields of using an expert approach. The concept «expert evaluation» is structured in correlation with conceptual basics implemented in the institutional approach. For analyzing the concepts «expert evaluation» and «experstise», the methodology of psychological and philosophical siences is used: psychoanalytical analysis, analysis, synthesis, modelling in conceptual basics of the structural method. The article creates a logical consequence of methodological devices in the system of humanitarian sciences that allow to obtain new results. The ground of using of the mentioned methodological approaches is building an integral сultural and semantic space that allow to conceptually determine the institutional processes.

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Lu, Yanyu, Yiyuan Zheng, Zhen Wang, and Shan Fu. "Pilots’ Visual Scanning Behaviors During an Instrument Landing System Approach." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5501.2020.

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BACKGROUND: Since eye movement can provide a reliable index of the attention allocation, which can assist in understanding pilots’ cognitive state, this study investigated the effect of pilots’ experience and the autopilot mode on their attention allocation on the Primary Flight Display (PFD) and Multi-Function Display (MFD) during an approach task.METHODS: There were 16 pilots who were classified into two levels of aviation expertise depending on the flight hours, and required to fly an Instrument Landing System approach. Their visual scanning behaviors were recorded through an eye tracker and analyzed based on fixation number and dwell time.RESULTS: The results revealed that the pilot experience level, instrument panel and autopilot mode all had significant impact on the fixation time ratio and dwell time. The pilots fixated most often on the PFD and had shorter dwell time. Furthermore, they had a lower fixation number and shorter dwell time on the PFD and MFD when the autopilot was off that they should allocate visual resources to the others (e.g., out-of-the-window) and obtain more information to maintain overall situation awareness under higher time pressure. Compared to pilots with more expertise, pilots with less expertise had an increased fixation number and decreased dwell time on the airspeed after turning off the autopilot.DISCUSSION: The present study indicated that the pilots had different visual scanning modes according to the flight mode and their experience. We expect that pilots’ visual scanning behaviors during tasks will help the training and the design of the human-machine interaction.Lu Y, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Fu S. Pilots’ visual scanning behaviors during an instrument landing system approach. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(6):511–517.

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Utama, Ahmad Aditya Putra, and Heru Suyanto. "Implementation of Double Track System in Conviction Towards Special Expertise Crime." Ius Poenale 2, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/ip.v2i1.2152.

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Sentencing must be guided by the principle of quae sunt minoris culpae sunt majoris infamiae (cruel crimes will be punished with cruel punishment). However, there must be a limit to the punishment (poenae sunt restringenade). In its implementation, the imposition of crimes against convicted people often creates ongoing problems in people's lives. Instead of aiming to popularize the convicts, in fact the imposition of crimes often causes suffering to the perpetrator and even his family. This study aims to determine the basis for justifying the imposition of sanctions in the punishment of criminals with special skills and to formulate the ideal concept of punishment for convicts with special skills in the future. This research is a normative legal research; the data source in this study uses secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The approach in this research uses a statutory approach, a comparative approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the basis for justifying the imposition of sanctions for criminal acts with special expertise is the Mark system of penalties. The use of the Double Track System in the punishment of convicts who have special expertise in the field of science so that it is in line with the criminal purpose of providing education, in addition to being convicted with the main crime, the convict is also subject to acts in the form of social work by teaching/transforming the knowledge/expertise possessed to people, many through certain educational/research institution/institutions online (on line).

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Kuzmina-Merlino, Irina, and Svetlana Savina. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Improved Financial Management System Using the Expertise-oriented Approach." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 207 (October 2015): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.174.

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Ste-Marie, Diane M. "Expertise in Women's Gymnastic Judging: An Observational Approach." Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, no. 2 (April 2000): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.2.543.

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Observation was used to study expertise in gymnastic judging. 10 expert and 10 novice gymnastic judges were videotaped while judging at actual competitions. Analyses showed that novice judges, as compared to expert judges, spent less time looking at the gymnast perform, spent more time looking at the scoring paper, and were less able to engage in the dual-task demands required in gymnastic judging.

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Basri, H. "An expert system for planning landfill restoration." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 8 (April 1, 1998): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0327.

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The application of expert systems technology in the domain of environmental management is particularly appropriate in order to preserve and disseminate efficiently valuable and scarce expertise at reasonable costs. The Landfill Restoration Plan Advisor (LRPA) is an expert system designed for use in the planning of sanitary landfill restoration. This paper describes the LRPA and the methodology and techniques that were employed for its development. A unique feature of this experience was that knowledge was acquired from multiple expertise sources in various forms. Expertise acquired from text analysis of textbooks and manuals was used in developing the core knowledge base for the expert system; while those acquired from text analysis of research publications and interviews with selected domain experts was used in the subsequent refinement and expansion of the basic prototype. The building process for the LRPA prototype adopted a modular approach using the incremental rapid prototyping methodology.

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ACITO, Bill. "“A Cross-Domain, System Planning Methodology”." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 000005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000005.

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Abstract Through several decades of electronic product design, three high-level design domains have emerged; IC (SoC) design, package (SiP) design and board (PCB/PWB) design. These three domains are separated and somewhat isolated, based on the EDA tools they use and by domain expertise. In many cases, the design tools come from 2 or 3 different EDA companies, leading to limited or no methods of sharing design data across the three domains. This typically leads to an “over-the-wall” design approach, resulting in downstream layout complexities for the package and board design teams, requiring domain expertise (human in the loop) in these design domains. Typically, this high-level of complexity occurs because the package substrate and board form-factor are not planned and optimized in context of the IC(s). Thus, the automation of these layouts becomes nearly impossible and tremendous human interaction (domain expertise) is the only way to complete the designs cost-effectively. Moreover, this methodology directly impacts time-to-market and results in products that do not live up to cost or performance expectations.

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Baneres, David, Xavi Baró, Ana-Elena Guerrero-Roldán, and M. Elena Rodriguez. "Adaptive e-Assessment System: A General Approach." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 11, no. 07 (July 21, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v11i07.5888.

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On any type of course (on site or online), a learner is evaluated whether he has acquired the knowledge and competences provided in the course. The evaluation should be performed by evaluating his progression by means of the interaction in the classroom or assessment activities. Mostly, assessment activities are used to check the level of expertise of the learner. Typically, the assessment model and assessment activities of subjects in official programmes are the same for all the learners, since they should be evaluated having the same opportunities and conditions. However, when the learner is evaluated based on a continuous assessment model, he is demonstrating on each activity his knowledge and proficiency level and, at the same time, his reputation could be also built based on the actions he is performing within the course. Therefore, the assessment model can be particularly adapted for each learned based on this information. In this paper, we present a general system to adapt any component of the assessment process (model, activity, question…) based on different evidences gathered from the learning process of the learner.

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Maseleno, Andino, Miftachul Huda, Kamarul Azmi Jasmi, Bushrah Basiron, Ismail Mustari, Abdul Ghaffar Don, and Roslee bin Ahmad. "Hau-Kashyap approach for student’s level of expertise." Egyptian Informatics Journal 20, no. 1 (March 2019): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2018.04.001.

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Uehara, Luiz, Chris Button, and Keith Davids. "Sport expertise development and the constraints-led approach." Conexões 17 (March 15, 2019): e019001. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/conex.v17i0.8649755.

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Objective: This review article delineates some important theoretical concepts that inform sport expertise acquisition studies. In particular, the principles of ecological psychology and dynamical systems theory have united together to form the ecological dynamics, a framework that provides the perfect platform through which to study the role of socio-cultural constraints upon sport expertise. Methodology: The body of information collected for this article was primarily extracted from peer- reviewed articles and academic books. This review article used Brazilian soccer as the case study. Results and discussion: Whilst the sports expertise literature has been guilty of somewhat polarising the influence of either practice or inherited attributes upon motor learning there are nonetheless many useful lessons to be learnt from this review article. For example, sport expertise development takes place over many years and includes numerous formal and informal pathways that athletes can take to excel. Conclusion: The constraints-led approach has been promoted as a framework for understanding how people acquire perceptual-motor skills for sport and physical activities. On a practical level, this approach suggests that the major role of the coach or teacher is to manipulate key constraints in order to facilitate discovery of functional movement behavior.

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Cravens, Xiu, and Jianjun Wang. "Learning from the masters: Shanghai’s teacher-expertise infusion system." International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies 6, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlls-12-2016-0061.

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Purpose The urgency of improving the schools call for a distributed instructional leadership model where teachers are not just recipients of professional development, but also active leaders who are coaches and mentors for their peers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the teacher leadership development system in Shanghai, and identify pathways to constructing actionable models that develop and maximize instructional expertise. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study. Purposive sampling was conducted to select four teaching-study groups from a frame that included all certified “expert teachers” from a large Shanghai district with about 9,000 teachers. Grounded theory approaches were used to understand “what actually happens in the teachers’ world.” Participative observations (of lesson delivering and collaborative decoding), semi-structured interviews, teachers’ reflective journal entries, and video recording of group work and lessons were the main measures of data collection. Findings Three key features of expertise infusion were identified: recognizing, differentiating, and labeling teacher expertise at multiple mastery levels; providing expert teachers with support and leadership responsibilities to lead practice-embedded and cross-school peer learning; and creating a roadmap for teachers to chart continuous learning pathways individually and build an enhanced content pedagogical knowledgebase collectively. Originality/value Results from this study provide the impetus for further exploration in how Shanghai continuously share and improve good teaching systemically, which could be informative to US schools and districts in their effort of redesigning professional development that maximizes available expertise among teachers and stimulates teacher-led action research for student learning.

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Verwey, Jorn, Wim De Vries, Isaac Kashiwagi, and Dean Kashiwagi. "A Procurement Method that Considers Innovation." Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 7, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v7i1.51.

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A challenge facing buyers in the delivery of innovative construction and facility services is to utilize expertise without increasing project risk. The traditional price-based Design-Bid-Build approach minimizes the utilization of expertise of expert construction vendors by using an owner driven specification. The non-traditional approaches such as design-build, construction management @ risk (CM@Risk), and integrated project delivery are more flexible but still have no methodology to minimize the risk caused by innovative practices. The Best Value Approach utilizing the Performance Information Procurement System (PIPS) and the Information Measurement Theory (IMT) has been tested for over 20 years with high customer satisfaction and performance. However, the use of past performance information still gave the perception of high risk when considering innovative concepts that have never been previously utilized. This research uses a case study of a hospital owner competing the risk of innovative systems with existing, proven systems. The research group had the opportunity to interject the Best Value Approach into the case study delivering the innovative service/equipment requirement, allowing them to see how the approach and created Best Value environment reacted to the expertise that uses innovation. The case study involves the delivery of cutting edge cancer technology, the proton cancer treatment equipment/system. Even though the delivered service is not standard construction, the delivery approach can be easily used in construction.

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Hakala, Ismo, and Xinyu Tan. "A Statecharts-Based Approach for WSN Application Development." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 9, no. 4 (September 25, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan9040045.

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) software development challenges developers in two main ways: through system programming, which requires expertise in hardware and network management; and application programming, which requires domain-specific knowledge. However, domain programmers often lack WSN programming expertise. Likewise, system-specific programmers may find it difficult to understand domain-specific requirements. As a result, domain programmers often refrain from using WSN technology in domain-specific applications. Therefore, we propose a Finite State Machine (FSM)-based approach with an affiliated framework to decouple application functionality from WSN details. Instead of the traditional flat FSM, we use statecharts formalism because of its relaxed definition of system states. In this paper, we compare the statecharts paradigm against two basic WSN sensor node programming frameworks. The result exhibits that statecharts are an advanced paradigm in WSN application development. It motivated us to develop a statecharts framework. In our framework, we choose not to use the typical solution which converts statecharts to programming code. Instead of that, we implement a statecharts middleware associated with action libraries to interpret and actuate raw statecharts on an operating system. This approach allows domain programmers to concentrate on WSN application behavior, and system-specific programmers to focus on developing WSN services. We also introduce our statecharts middleware and present a living example with performance evaluation.

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Polaków, Grzegorz, Jacek Czeczot, and Piotr Laszczyk. "Agent-based approach to continuous process control for enabling parallelization of engineering cycles." Concurrent Engineering 26, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x17746714.

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Modern manufacturing and production systems have growing demands in energy and cost savings, which can be ensured using more advanced control algorithms at the regulatory-level industrial control loops. However, developing such algorithms requires case-dependent approach that involves complex mathematics and expertise in various fields of technology and engineering. Gathering all the needed experts to conduct the control system engineering cycle is nearly impossible for organizational and economic reasons. Thus, in this work, it is proposed to employ an agent-based approach, which is substantially different than the conventional engineering cycles for developing the static control system. The idea is to split the entire control design procedure into smaller tasks of developing the modules (i.e. agents), which encapsulate the expert knowledge (e.g. on sensor failure detection, input signal modelling and estimation). It enables clear division of the competences between the experts and allows for dynamic inclusion of the expert knowledge into the newly designed or already existing system. Therefore, the expertise may be distributed both in location and in time, which stands in contradiction to the static approach based on sequential engineering cycles.

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Dewar, R., A. D. Lloyd, R. Pooley, and P. Stevens. "Identifying and communicating expertise in systems reengineering: a patterns approach." IEE Proceedings - Software 146, no. 3 (1999): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-sen:19990614.

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Garkin, Igor, and Irina Garkina. "Systems approach to technical expertise construction of buildings and facilities." Contemporary Engineering Sciences 8 (2015): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/ces.2015.5114.

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Neshati, Mahmood, Seyyed Hadi Hashemi, and Hamid Beigy. "Expertise Finding in Bibliographic Network: Topic Dominance Learning Approach." IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 44, no. 12 (December 2014): 2646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2014.2312614.

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Ménétrier, Emmanuelle, André Didierjean, and Frédérique Robin. "Effect of Expertise on Boundary Extension in Approach Sequences." i-Perception 8, no. 5 (September 13, 2017): 204166951772365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517723652.

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In a constantly changing environment, one of the conditions for adaptation is based on the visual system’s ability to realize predictions. In this context, a question that arises is the evolution of the processes allowing anticipation with regard to the acquisition of knowledge relative to specific situations. We sought to study this question by focusing on boundary extension, the tendency to overestimate the scope of a previously perceived scene. We presented to novice, beginner, and expert car drivers road scenes in the form of approach sequences constituting very briefly displayed photographs (i.e., 250 milliseconds each), in order to determine the effect of expertise at an early stage of scene perception. After three presentations, participants had to judge whether a fourth photograph was the same, closer up, or further away than the third one. When experts and beginners showed a classical boundary extension effect, novices presented no directional memory distortion. Different hypotheses are discussed.

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Leung, Siu Cheong, and John Fulcher. "Classification of User Expertise Level by Neural Networks." International Journal of Neural Systems 08, no. 02 (April 1997): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065797000185.

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A neural network approach to low-level user modeling is described, in the context of text editing tasks using the [Formula: see text] editor. Knowledge of a user's expertise is extracted automatically, based on their interaction with [Formula: see text] over a two week period. A MLP classifier which uses [Formula: see text] learning and incorporates output data fuzzification is developed to classify users into one of five expertise levels. Classification into the correct level is achieved in around 80% of the cases, with misclassification being restricted to adjacent classes. The neurofuzzy system is seen to outperform not only the binary classifier of Beale [1989], but also production rule and inductive expert systems developed especially for comparison purposes in this study.

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Vinay Kumar Saini and Jai Raj Singh, Dr ML Sharma C. "Recommendation System." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (January 1, 2021): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061294.

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Research paper recommenders emerged over the last decade to ease finding publications relating to researchers’ area of interest. The challenge was not just to provide researchers with very rich publications at any time, any place and in any form but to also offer the right publication to the right researcher in the right way. Several approaches exist in handling paper recommender systems. However, these approaches assumed the availability of the whole contents of the recommending papers to be freely accessible, which is not always true due to factors such as copyright restrictions. This paper presents a collaborative approach for research paper recommender system. By leveraging the advantages of collab- orative filtering approach, we utilize the publicly available contextual metadata to infer the hidden associations that exist between research papers in order to personalize recommen- dations. The novelty of our proposed approach is that it provides personalized recommen- dations regardless of the research field and regardless of the user’s expertise. Using a publicly available dataset, our proposed approach has recorded a significant improvement over other baseline methods in measuring both the overall performance and the ability to return relevant and useful publications at the top of the recommendation list.

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Osintseva, Lyudmila Mikhailovna, Ivan Ivanovich Kiryushin, and Viktor Vladimirovich Timofeev. "The usage of a system-activity approach during district police officers training at Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and its role in the formation of universal expertise." Полицейская деятельность, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2021.1.33043.

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The article studies the problems of formation and development of universal expertise of would-be district police officers. The authors consider the modern interpretation of the term “expertise approach” and the ways of its implementation. The authors describe the stages of using a system-activity approach in the organization of the educational process at Barnaul Law Institute. The methods of formation of the professional education of high quality include its structural and institutional reformation, the development of integration models of all levels of education in accordance with the modern requirements. The research contains the analysis of the diagnostics of psychological peculiarities of students and the universal expertise of graduates of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The authors define organizational and technical requirements to the information and educational environment appropriate for using the system-activity approach. The authors focus on the analysis of the structure and the contents of universal expertise in the field of law-enforcement activity during district police officers training. Universal expertise formed in the process of education helps the graduates to solve difficult tasks and settle conflicts in their professional activity. Instruments defining the level of the universal expertise of students will help to evaluate the results of education at each stage and form the comprehensive understanding of the results by the participants of the educational process. The authors arrive at the conclusion that the formed universal expertise shows the preparedness of district police officers to effective service which is defined by the developed skills, personal traits, theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the field of law-enforcement activity.   

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Komar, John, Ludovic Seifert, and Régis Thouvarecq. "What variability tells us about motor expertise: measurements and perspectives from a complex system approach." Movement & Sport Sciences 89, no. 3 (2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sm.089.0065.

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Komar, John, Ludovic Seifert, and Régis Thouvarecq. "What Variability tells us about motor expertise: measurements and perspectives from a complex system approach." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 89 (2015): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2015020.

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WHALEN, THOMAS, and GWANGYONG GIM. "SECOND ORDER LOGICAL SYSTEM FOR RISK CLASSIFICATION IN A NEWLY DEVELOPED COUNTRY." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 04, no. 05 (October 1996): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021848859600024x.

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Modern financial institutions require sophisticated risk assessment tools to integrate human expertise and historical data in a market that is changing and broadening qualitatively, quantitatively, and geographically. The need is especially acute in newly developed countries where expertise and data are scarce, and knowledge bases and assumptions imported from the West may be of limited applicability. Second order logical models can be a valuable tool in such situations. They integrate the robustness of neural or statistical modeling of data, the perspicuity of logical rule induction, and the experience and understanding of skilled human experts. The approach is illustrated in the context of risk assessment in the Korean surety insurance industry.

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Lynn, Marc P., and Mary Ann Murray. "Expert system domain identification, evaluation and project management A TQM approach." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 13, no. 3 (April 1, 1996): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656719610116090.

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Expert systems (ES) are designed to support and replicate management tasks and decision making characterized by experience and expertise. These commodities are becoming increasingly limited as organizations flatten their management structure. Effective identification and evaluation of domains appropriate for ES‐based solutions are critical to their successful development and implementation. Presents a comprehensive model for ES domain identification and evaluation that includes an emphasis on total quality management (TQM) and can be used as a project management tool. The TQM matrix evaluation model proposed facilitates qualitative and quantitative assessment of ES domains and can provide for dynamic evaluation, feedback and continuous quality management over the entire project life cycle. Tests the TQM matrix evaluation model by applying it to a real business problem and presents and discusses the results.

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Quick, Nancy, and Karen Erickson. "A Multilinguistic Approach to Evaluating Student Spelling in Writing Samples." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 49, no. 3 (July 5, 2018): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_lshss-17-0095.

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Purpose Spelling is a critical component of literacy and language arts that can negatively influence other aspects of written composition. This clinical focus article describes a spelling error classification system that can be used to identify underlying linguistic deficits that contribute to students' spelling errors. The system is designed to take advantage of the linguistic expertise of speech-language pathologists to efficiently assess student errors in written compositions that are generated as a component of everyday classroom instruction. Method A review of the literature was conducted regarding spelling as a component of literacy and language arts, the development of spelling, and the linguistic contributions to spelling. Then, existing criterion-referenced measures of spelling simple and morphologically complex words were reviewed, and a new, manual technique for analyzing spelling in student written compositions was created. Conclusions The language expertise of speech-language pathologists enables them to readily evaluate the phonological, orthographic, and morphological errors in student misspellings, in order to identify specific underlying linguistic deficits and plan targeted interventions. The error classification system provides speech-language pathologists with a tool that is both simple and time efficient and, thus, may help increase their confidence and ability in addressing the spelling needs of students.

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Umnyashova, I. B. "Psychological and pedagogical Expertise in Education: Main Areas and Approaches." Психологическая наука и образование 22, no. 3 (2017): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2017220301.

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The paper provides a review of research approaches to the organization of expert activity in the Russian system of education.Among the studied areas of psychological and pedagogical expertise were: educational environment; educational technologies; comfort and safety of educational environment; professional activities of teachers; innovative processes; quality of educational services, programmes and coursebooks.The data shows that there are many different interpretations of aims and tasks of expertise in education, so it is not possible to speak of an integrated scientific approach to the organization of psychological and pedagogical expertise.The outcomes of this study reveal perspectives for developing a model (concept) of psychological and pedagogical expertise in the system of education.

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Hazratzadeh, Saeedeh, and Nima Jafari Navimipour. "Colleague recommender system in the Expert Cloud using features matrix." Kybernetes 45, no. 9 (October 3, 2016): 1342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2015-0221.

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Purpose Expert Cloud as a new class of cloud systems enables its users to request and share the skill, knowledge and expertise of people by employing internet infrastructures and cloud concepts. Since offering the most appropriate expertise to the customer is one of the clear objectives in Expert Cloud, colleague recommendation is a necessary part of it. So, the purpose of this paper is to develop a colleague recommender system for the Expert Cloud using features matrices of colleagues. Design/methodology/approach The new method is described in two phases. In the first phase, all possible colleagues of the user are found through the filtering mechanism and next features of the user and possible colleagues are calculated and collected in matrices. Six potential features of colleagues including reputation, expertise, trust, agility, cost and field of study were proposed. In the second phase, the final score is calculated for every possible colleague and then top-k colleagues are extracted among users. The survey was conducted using a simulation in MATLAB Software. Data were collected from Expert Cloud website. The method was tested using evaluating metrics such as precision, accuracy, incorrect recommendation and runtime. Findings The results of this study indicate that considering more features of colleagues has a positive impact on increasing the precision and accuracy of recommending new colleagues. Also, the proposed method has a better result in reducing incorrect recommendation. Originality/value In this paper, the colleague recommendation issue in the Expert Cloud is pointed out and the solution approach is applied into the Expert Cloud website.

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Kashiwagi, Dean, Dhaval Gajjar, Jacob Kashiwagi, and Kenneth Sullivan. "The Replacement of Warranties with Logic and Common Sense." Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v7i1.59.

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Many problems are caused by owners specifying project technical requirements to expert vendors, then picking the low-price vendor, assuming that all the vendors are providing the same quality of product. Research over the last 20 years has identified that when working with highly technical areas, this practice brings high risk to the owner because the vendors do not have the expertise to understand the requirements. The Alpha sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF) roof system has brought the Dallas Independent School District (DISD) high value but also occasional risk caused by the low-price vendor. The authors are proposing that DISD’s effort to buy the Alpha SPF roof system through the low-price competition will cause DISD risk. A new approach is proposed to DISD: the Alpha SPF roof system only be used as an alternate value added option. This approach assumes that the only way the Alpha SPF system can be procured is if it is in the best interest of the owner due to dominant value. This approach minimizes the risk that DISD has encountered from low-price contractors who have not been able to minimize risk through the use of expertise and experience because their low-price was directly related to practices which are related to a lack of experience and expertise.

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Schirgi, Thomas, and Eugen Brenner. "Care - An Architectural Approach for a Multimedia Assistance System for Singletons." International Journal of Information Technology, Control and Automation 11, no. 03 (July 31, 2021): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijitca.2021.11301.

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In contrast to the increasing degree of automation in the production industry, commissioning and maintenance activities will essentially be limited to manual activities. Production involves repetitive actions that are manageable and clearly defined as a process. Unlike this, commissioning and maintenance have to deal with uncontrollable, undefined, and non - standardized processes. The paper provides a framework for a multimedia assistance system for singletons. It was found that the paradigm has to consist of five key components to provide tailored assistance to customers. These key components are Expertise, Infrastructure, Application & Platforms, Security & Privacy and Business Process & Business Model. The resulting stack and the overlaying business model are called "CaRE – Custom Assistance for Remote Employees". With possible Architectural Smells and Anti-Pattern in mind, a Microservice Architecture shall be presented which forms the backend-system of CaRE.

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Onopko, Oleg V. "Foreign policy expertise: Polyvariety of research approaches in political science." Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Sociology. Politology 21, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-2-196-202.

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The main theoretical and methodological approaches that are used in Russian and world political science to study foreign policy expertise and related problems are analyzed in the article. The author concludes that there are so called “procedural”, institutional, system, and network approaches. From the point of view of the first one, foreign policy expertise is a special activity or procedure that is carried out by subjects with special knowledge and status. The institutional approach focuses on particular expert organizations (mostly think tanks) that work in the field of foreign policy and international relations. It is effective in exploring the features of their organizational structure and functioning, history, and current practice. The system approach is inherent primarily in Russian scholarly works on foreign policy expertise. Historians were the first to use it for this purpose. The network methodology is mostly used to study the expert community as a complex of multi-level subjects participating in the assessment and making of foreign policy decisions. Despite the fact that these approaches give a relatively holistic view on foreign policy expertise, there still are problem areas associated with it, which have not yet become the object of theorizing within political science.

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Fisher, Paul R., and Royal D. Heins. "A Process-control Approach to Poinsettia Height Control." HortTechnology 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.1.57.

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A methodology based on process-control approaches used in industrial production is introduced to control the height of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima L.). Graphical control charts of actual vs. target process data are intuitive and easy to use, rapidly identify trends, and provide a guideline to growers. Target reference values in the poinsettia height control chart accommodate the biological and industrial constraints of a stemelongation model and market specifications, respectively. A control algorithm (proportional-derivative control) provides a link between the control chart and a knowledge-based or expert computer system. A knowledge-based system can be used to encapsulate research information and production expertise and provide management recommendations to growers.

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Ming, John, and Bir Bhanu. "ORACLE: An Integrated Learning Approach for Object Recognition." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 11, no. 06 (September 1997): 961–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001497000445.

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Model-based object recognition has become a popular paradigm in computer vision research. In most of the current model-based vision systems, the object models used for recognition are generally a priori given (e.g. obtained using a CAD model). For many object recognition applications, it is not realistic to utilize a fixed object model database with static model features. Rather, it is desirable to have a recognition system capable of performing automated object model acquisition and refinement. In order to achieve these capabilities, we have developed a system called ORACLE: Object Recognition Accomplished through Consolidated Learning Expertise. It uses two machine learning techniques known as Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) and Structured Conceptual Clustering (SCC) combined in a synergistic manner. As compared to systems which learn from numerous positive and negative examples, EBL allows the generalization of object model descriptions from a single example. Using these generalized descriptions, SCC constructs an efficient classification tree which is incremently built and modified over time. Learning from experience is used to dynamically update the specific feature values of each object. These capabilities provide a dynamic object model database which allows the system to exhibit improved performance over time. We provide an overview of the ORACLE system and present experimental results using a database of thirty aircraft models.

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Gautier, Peter, Carol McAllister, and Kristy L. Plourde. "A Model Grassroots Approach for Incident Command System Implementation1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-427.

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ABSTRACT Two years ago, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) formally adopted the National Interagency Incident Management System (NIIMS) Incident Command System (ICS) as doctrine for response management to oil and hazardous materials incidents. USCG Marine Safety Office (MSO) San Francisco Bay has aggressively implemented ICS as the way it conducts spill response in addition to how it carries out many of its routine operations. In a comprehensive effort to improve readiness through ICS, the MSO has established an ICS implementation team. This team constructed an ICS-based organization chart, referred to as a Watch Quarter and Station Bill (WQSB), crafted a training program, prepared ICS equipment and supply “go kits” for spill deployment, and developed administrative measures to maintain and track the program. The MSO's training program is two pronged, consisting of ICS classroom training to teach best practices alternating with process tabletop exercises to reinforce lessons learned from responses. Each session is open for attendance by state and federal trustees as well as local USCG operational units. In this way, the MSO reaches out to the local response community to establish ICS expertise and enhance response relationships. The MSO's implementation plan has proven to be extremely valuable in building the knowledge of personnel, building relationships and better preparing everyone for future spills.

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Verweij, Jorn. "Introducing Decision Free Solutions - A Generic, Systemic Approach to Minimize Risk by Avoiding Decision Making." Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 8, no. 2 (October 3, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v8i2.67.

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“Decision Free Solutions” (DFS) is a generic, systemic approach to minimize risk in achieving an aim by avoiding decision making. Applying DFS will benefit those who have an aim, and those who have expertise. DFS is based on Information Measurement Theory (IMT) and the Kashiwagi Solution Model (KSM), and is congruous with the Best Value Approach (BVA). Despite BVA being an approach aimed at utilizing expertise (and thereby minimizing risk), and not a procurement system, BVA and its applications are very much intertwined with procurement. This makes it challenging to apply BVA to other fields. Establish a generic, systemic approach to implement the technologies of IMT/KSM in any field. Analyzing existing BVA and IMT/KSM documentation, identify the logic and the principles by which expertise is utilized. Define a generic, systemic approach to minimize risk and demonstrate it by applying it to a field other than procurement. Avoiding all types of decision making was identified as the core principle to ensure the utilization of expertise. An approach consisting out of four steps (labelled DICE) and the consistent application of five principles (labelled TONNNO) has been proposed. The approach has been applied to the field of Lean. A generic and systemic approach to minimize risk by avoiding decision making has been introduced which can be applied in any field. It has been applied in Lean, where it addresses several of Lean’s weaknesses as perceived in practice and where it was demonstrated to reduce the risk of project failure. DFS can be considered a risk minimization method to which risk management is integral. DFS makes expertise matter.

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Seifert, Ludovic, Valentin Papet, Ben William Strafford, Edward K. Coughlan, and Keith Davids. "Skill transfer, expertise and talent development: An ecological dynamics perspective." Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité, no. 102 (2018): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sm/2019010.

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In this paper, we propose an ecological dynamics perspective on expertise and talent development, with a focus on the role of skill transfer. The ecological dynamics theoretical framework provides an integrated explanation for human behaviour in sport, predicated on a conceptualisation including constraints on dynamical systems, ecological psychology and a complex systems approach in neurobiology. Three main pillars are presented (i.e., individual-environment coupling as the smallest unit of analysis; adaptation of a complex dynamical system to interacting constraints; and the regulation of action with perception) in order to discuss the functional role of behavioural variability, the usefulness of perceptual-motor exploration and the importance of general and specific skill transfer in the development of talent and expertise in athletes. In addition, practical implications for coaches and instructors are discussed, notably regarding early diversification and unstructured play and activities in talent development programs, but also through variable practice and constraints manipulation.

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Raghupathi, Wullianallur, and Lawrence L. Schkade. "A blackboard approach to modeling expertise in corporate settlement decisions." Expert Systems 10, no. 1 (February 1993): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1993.tb00299.x.

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Leger, Pierre-Majorique, René Riedl, and Jan vom Brocke. "Emotions and ERP information sourcing: the moderating role of expertise." Industrial Management & Data Systems 114, no. 3 (April 8, 2014): 456–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2013-0365.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a laboratory experiment in which the paper investigated how expert and novice users differ in their emotional responses during use of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in a decision-making context, and how such a difference affects information sourcing behavior. Design/methodology/approach – In a simulated SAP business environment, participants’ emotional responses were physiologically measured based on electrodermal activity (EDA) while they made business decisions. Findings – Results show that both expert and novice users exhibit considerable EDA activity during their interaction with the ERP system, indicating that ERP use is an emotional process for both groups. However, the findings also indicate that experts’ emotional responses led to their sourcing information from the ERP, while novices’ emotional responses led to their sourcing information from other people. Research limitations/implications – From an academic standpoint, this paper responds to the recent call for more research on the role of emotions for information systems behavior. Practical implications – The paper discusses the implications of this finding for the development of ERP system trainings. Originality/value – Because emotions often do not reach users’ awareness level, the paper used EDA, a neurophysiological measure, to capture users’ emotional responses during ERP decision making, instead of using self-report measures that depend on conscious perception. Based on this method, the paper found that emotions can lead to different behavioral reactions, depending on whether the user is an expert or novice.

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Bregman, Howard L., Warren L. McCabe, and William G. Sutcliffe. "Capturing Air Traffic Controller Expertise for Incorporation in Automated Air Traffic Control Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 16 (October 1988): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201608.

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Under Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) sponsorship, MITRE's Human Performance Assessment Group is contributing to the design of an expert system to support air traffic control. We are working closely with a team of expert, full-performance-level air traffic controllers to capture the formal and informal rules they use in maintaining flight safety and efficiency. This paper documents our approach to working with these experts, the results of using that approach, and a distillation of lessons learned.

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Kashiwagi, Dean, Geoffrey Child, Jacob Kashiwagi, and Kenneth Sullivan. "Price Based Environment of Design and Engineering Services." Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v6i1.70.

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Design Services have not met the value and expectations of the clients and their project managers. A previous research project studied the impact of the price based award environment on construction practices, and this research proposes that designers’ current practices and expectations are also price based and not performance based asperceived by many due to the qualifications based system [QBS] approach. The authors also propose that the qualification-based system [QBS] is a price based system and should be replaced by a best value approach, which includes a best value selection process such as the Performance Information Procurement System (PIPS.) The proposed design model will give control and risk management capability back to designers by having the designers utilize expertise, create transparency utilizing a weekly risk report (WRR) and a risk management plan (RMP.) The new model utilizes the expert’s expertise to create transparency, giving the advantage to the higher performing professionals. The researchers interviewed over 400 professionals to validate the concepts of the best value approach for the design community.

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Steele, Robert, and Kyong Ho Min. "Towards Capturing Population-Wide Expertise via Online Professional Social Network Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.115.

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While much research work has been carried out in relation to the expertise of individuals in the domains of Q&A portals, special interest group portals, Wikipedia, blogs, and conference reviews, very little research has been done in relation to expertise measurement, based upon online professional social networks such as LinkedIn. Existing approaches have been based on evidence-based analysis from textual sources and communications. In this paper, we propose an expertise model based on expertise vectors composed of attributes and values derived by integrating information obtained in the two following ways: semi-automatic calculation utilizing online professional profile information collected from diverse online sources such as professional social network sites and some level of manual expertise identification by individuals. Unlike past approaches focusing on expertise measurement based on analysis of secondary evidence such as textual communications and/or social network activities, this is a novel approach to identifying expertise based on real-world work experience, qualifications and other skills indicated via information found in online professional profiles, often from professional social network sites. Given contemporary professional social network sites can have 100s of millions of participants such automated expertise measurement approaches are a step towards fine-grained, up-to-date and population-wide expertise capture and quantification.

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S, Maria Ulfah, and Joko Munandar. "An Approach for Pre-Diagnosis Information Literacy Level by Using Expert System." IJID (International Journal on Informatics for Development) 1, no. 1 (December 8, 2014): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ijid.2012.01105.

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Communication and information technology has been equipped almost human lives sector. Inevitably, in spite of its positive impacts, this advance opens to vulnerable things, even dangerous to human generation. Pornography, violence and immoral activities, get advantages from global net between people Therefore, it is necessary for anybody to possess filter about what is, from where, when and how much information that he/she needs, which is information literacy. Students are not different with that fact. It is not only for filtering information, but this capability is also for creating a human learner who is self-directed, active learner, dynamic, and innovative. Whereas, indeed, these aspects are crucial in student centered learning which is commonly adapted in university.This paper gives an introduction for pre-diagnosis level of information literacy by designing and implementing rule-based expert system. This system mimics expertise of one expert by formulating knowledge as rules. Knowledge which is intended in this proposed system is information literacy for higher education in science and technology/engineering field.

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Rubens, Neil, Dain Kaplan, and Toshio Okamoto. "ELIxIR." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jissc.2011010104.

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In today’s knowledge-based economy, having proper expertise is crucial in resolving many tasks. Expertise Finding (EF) is the area of research concerned with matching available experts to given tasks. A standard approach is to input a task description/proposal/paper into an EF system and receive recommended experts as output. Mostly, EF systems operate either via a content-based approach, which uses the text of the input as well as the text of the available experts’ profiles to determine a match, and structure-based approaches, which use the inherent relationship between experts, affiliations, papers, etc. The underlying data representation is fundamentally different, which makes the methods mutually incompatible. However, previous work (Watanabe et al., 2005a) achieved good results by converting content-based data to a structure-representation and using a structure-based approach. The authors posit that the reverse may also hold merit, namely, a content-based approach leveraging structure-based data converted to a content-based representation. This paper compares the authors’ idea to a content only-based approach, demonstrating that their method yields substantially better performance, and thereby substantiating their claim.

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Bertrand, Annick, and Jean-Marie Cellier. "Psychological approach to indexing: effects of the operator's expertise upon indexing behaviour." Journal of Information Science 21, no. 6 (December 1995): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016555159502100605.

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Balachandran, K., and R. Anitha. "Rule Based and Supervisory Training Approach To Develop Expert System Tool For Detecting Lung Cancer Disease." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.16.1.

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Knowledge-based expert systems, or expert systems, use human knowledge to solve problems that normally would require human intelligence. These expert systems represent the expertise knowledge as data or rules within the computer. These rules and data can be called upon when needed to solve problems. Lung cancer is one of the dreaded disease in the modern era. It is responsible for the most cancer deaths in both men and women throughout the world. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are imperative for the cure. Longevity and cure depends on early detection. This paper gives on insight to identify the forget group of people who are suffering or susceptible to suffer lung cancer disease. Seeking proper medical attention con be initiated based on the findings. Expert system tool developed, to find this target group based on the non-clinical parameters. Symptoms and risk factors associated with Lung cancer ore token as the basis of this study. This expert system basically works on the rule based approach to collect the data. Then Supervisory learning approach is used to infer the basic data. Once sufficient knowledge base is generated the system can be made to adopt in unsupervised learning mode.

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Balachandran, K., and R. Anitha. "Rule Based and Supervisory Training Approach to Develop Expert System Tool for Detecting Lung Cancer Disease." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2010): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.17.8.

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Knowledge-based expert systems, or expert systems, use human knowledge to solve problems that normally would require human intelligence. These expert systems represent the expertise knowledge as data or rules within the computer. These rules and data can be called upon when needed to solve problems. Lung cancer is one of the dreaded disease in the modern era. It is responsible for the most cancer deaths in both men and women throughout the world. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are imperative for the cure. Longevity and cure depend on early detection. This paper gives on insight to identify the target group of people who are suffering or susceptible to suffer lung cancer disease. Seeking proper medical attention can be initiated based on the findings. Expert system tool developed, to find this target group based on the non-clinical parameters. Symptoms and risk factors associated with Lung cancer are taken as the basis of this study. This expert system basically works on the rule based approach to collect the data. Then Supervisory learning approach is used to infer the basic data. Once sufficient knowledge base is generated the system can be mode to adopt in unsupervised learning mode.

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Journal articles on the topic 'System approach of expertise'

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