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丁立興 and Lap-hing Ting. "A case study of information system development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31265819.
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Garza, Ramírez Jaime. "Distribution strategies in emerging markets : case studies in Latin America." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76917.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-131).
Defining sales and distribution schemes to serve a Latin American country is more of an art than science. The process of designing and selecting distribution channels is quite challenging and it demands an in-depth understanding of the market. The fact that most Latin American countries are experiencing significant growth and development makes it difficult for companies to implement the same distribution strategies used to serve mature markets. Leading firms are now exploring creative ways to effectively reach and efficiently serve each segment of the market. This research intends to explore the key drivers that shape the design and selection of sales and distribution channels, as well as to build a framework that could help companies design or select channels that are aligned to their core business strategy.
by Jaime Garza Ramírez.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Gazula, Mohan B. (Mohan Buvana). "Cyber warfare conflict analysis and case studies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112518.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 96-100).
"The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting." - Sun Tsu from "The Art of War" Believed to have lived between 770 and 476 B.C In the age of code wars, have our lives changed for the better? Are we any safer than the bloody wars or the cold wars from the past? Is there any more guarantee now in a cyber age than in a kinetic age involving human forces? These are the types of questions that have little answers due to the secret nature of the operation. State-sponsored activities are commonplace. Whenever there is involvement by a state, the stakes are higher, and loss of life can never be ruled out. The objective of this thesis was to research historical cyber-warfare incidents from the past to current and map the relevant cyber-warfare data in a well-known framework called CASCON, which is a history-based conflict analysis and decision-support system. The CASCON-based analysis for cyber incidents revealed a larger picture of the world we live in and how easily that world could change. The information contained in this thesis is not meant to be conclusive, but a study of state-sponsored cyber cases using MIT's CASCON to map and categorize information for future learning about conflicts involving states. It is the purpose of this thesis to (a) research historical cyber-warfare incidents and (b) map cyber-warfare incidents into a framework.
by Mohan B. Gazula.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Yang, Quangang Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "The development of an integrated design system and its embedded frameworks for information handling, design space characterization and problem solving." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/29545.
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In today's highly competitive landscape, new product development strategies are imperatives for companies to create and sustain competitive advantages. The objective of this research is to develop an integrated approach to automate, or aid, the design problem solving process. An Integrated Design System (IDS) is proposed focusing on the parametric and detail design. In this system, generation and evaluation of new design problems occur quickly and easily by changing the inputs for the design model. The IDS provides an integrated platform to incorporate available application programs such as CAD and FEM tools into a single system. Four major frameworks, namely information handling, problem decomposition, design space characterization, and problem solving, are proposed and embedded in it to implement the product development process. The information handling includes five aspects. A naming protocol is devised to organize the historical design cases. A search algorithm is proposed to retrieve a design case. A system-generated report is used to distribute the design information. A constraint definition frame is presented to define the relationships between design parameters. Two schemas, information matrix and constraint tree, are developed to represent information in the IDS. A diagonal-centered decomposition scheme is developed utilizing a Genetic Algorithm to decompose a complex design problem. In addition to the conventional genetic operators, two novel genetic operators, unequal position crossover and insertion mutation, are proposed. To characterize the design space, two methods, Incremental Response Method (IRM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), are presented. The IRM is derived from response surface method, while the back-propagated ANN is coded to be self-evaluated. The presented problem solving algorithm constitutes the solving mechanism of the IDS. Based on the assessment of the design objectives, all design parameters are given a priority index to facilitate the parameter selection. An independent recursive method is introduced in this algorithm to handle the design constraints. The case studies are performed on two design problems: a hard disk drive actuator arm and a shaft. The results show that the system can automatically align parameter values towards the objective values in a reasonable manner, and thus verify the feasibility of the embedded frameworks.
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Zarewych, Lara Daniv 1972. "Managing novelty at the interfaces between concept and product : case studies for the automotive industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34812.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-88).
Appearance of the product is a discerning factor for the consumers purchase decisions. Time from concept to product creation is a critical factor in the competitive automotive industry. The period to develop a product is dependant on the people, content and the technology changes that constitute a large majority of expense allocation, and time invested. The greater the degree of change from something established and successful, the more difficult it becomes to incorporate the change into a product. Being successive in the automotive industry relies on the ability to maintain market presence with new and innovative products, while shortening the cycle time associated with new product design, development, and its introduction. Increasing capability to manage changes becomes more challenging as product complexity and customer demands increase and product life cycles decrease. How automotive manufacturers manage these changes during the critical product definition phase through process, tools and methods is the central discussion of this paper. The intent of this thesis is to identify the processes and key enablers that allow a rapid development process for appearance related systems, in particular the interior environment of the vehicle. Five cases that effect the interior trim environment will be reviewed to understand the methods, which allow the migration of novelty. Situations that will be studied will be introductions to aspects of: new technology, strategies, and the impact of late additions. To compare and contrast the degree of change occurring in these cases, a framework is essential to identify novelty. The ability and skills which an organization can perform changes is defined as organizational capability. This term
(cont.) describes how people within the organization manage to perform work. Specific case studies will be analyzed--reviewing the novelty introduced to the program, the organizational capability utilized, and the artifacts and processes employed to develop a final product within the division of the Sport Utility Vehicle Body on Frame, of Ford Motor Company, and contrasting comparisons to similar areas within Nissan Corporation, and Toyota Motor Corporation. Through these cases different types of novelty are revealed and its impact upon the interior trim system. It is argued that allotting more time in the preparation and early planning stages will reconcile problems that may arise later on. The approaches that these departments use: formal, informal meetings, conference calls, and written communication to manage novelty will be reviewed and compared in order to provide recommendations for improvement.
by Lara Daniv Zarewych.
S.M.
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Penberthy, Louise. "The philosophy and digital representation of traumatic, non-volitional, physio-somatic experiences." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17555.
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Catledge, Lara D. "Supporting collaboration in early concept exploration : "a flock of fishes"." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17551.
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Agte, Jeremy S. (Jeremy Sundermeyer). "Multistate analysis and design : case studies in aerospace design and long endurance systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68167.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, September 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"September 2011." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-230).
This research contributes to the field of aerospace engineering by proposing and demonstrating an integrated process for the early-stage, multistate design of aerospace systems. The process takes into early consideration the many partially degraded states that real-world systems experience throughout their operation. Despite advancing efforts aimed at maintaining operation in a state of optimum performance, most systems spend very substantial amounts of time operating in degraded or off-nominal states (e.g. Hubble space telescope, Mars Spirit rover, or aircraft flying under minimum-equipment-list restrictions). There exist relatively few methods and tools to address this at the beginning of the design process. At one end of the spectrum is design optimization, but this typically concentrates on the system in its nominal state of operation, only infrequently considering failure states through piecemeal application of constraints. There is reliability analysis, which focuses on component failure rates and the benefits of redundancy but does not consider how well or poorly the system performs with partial failures. Finally, there is controls theory, where control laws are optimized but the plant is typically assumed to be given a priori. The methodology described within this thesis coordinates elements from each of these three areas into an effective integrated framework. It allows the designer deeper insight into the complex problem of designing cost effective systems that must operate for long durations with little or expensive opportunity for repair or intervention. Specific contributions include: 1) the above methodology, which evaluates responses in system expected performance and availability to changes in static design variables (geometry) and component failure rates, accounting for control design variables (gains) where appropriate, 2) the demonstration of the cost and benefits associated with a multistate design approach as compared to reliability analysis and the nominal design approach, and 3) a multilayer extension of Markov analysis, for translating single sortie vehicle level metrics into measures of multistate campaign performance. The process is demonstrated through three application case studies. The first of these establishes the feasibility of the approach through the multistate analysis of performance for an existing twin-engine aircraft. This analysis was enabled through the development of a multidisciplinary simulation based design model for evaluation of multistate aircraft performance. A medium-altitude long endurance unmanned aerial vehicle is designed in the second case study, first from a single-sortie, ultra long endurance perspective and then from a multiple sortie, mission campaign perspective. Finally, the third case study demonstrates applicability of the approach to a lower level subsystem, that of the lubrication system for a geared turbofan engine. Several major findings result from these case studies, including that: 1) multistate performance output spaces have distinctly unique shapes and boundaries, depending on whether formed through variation of component failure rates, static design variables (geometry), or a multistate combination of both, 2) a region of multistate performance results from the combined variation of failure rates and static design variables that is unachievable through the independent variation of either one, 3) small changes in static design variables may be used to significantly improve system availability, and 4) the general multistate design problem is one of competing objectives between system availability, expected performance, nominal performance, and cost.
by Jeremy S. Agte.
Ph.D.
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Tee, Chin Yen. "Market Design for the Future Electricity Grid: Modeling Tools and Investment Case Studies." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/856.
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The future electricity grid is likely to be increasingly complex and uncertain due to the introduction of new technologies in the grid, the increased use of control and communication infrastructure, and the uncertain political climate. In recent years, the transactive energy market framework has emerged as the key framework for future electricity market design in the electricity grid. However, most of the work done in this area has focused on developing retail level transactive energy markets. There seems to be an underlying assumption that wholesale electricity markets are ready to support any retail market design. In this dissertation, we focus on designing wholesale electricity markets that can better support transactive retail market. On the highest level, this dissertation contributes towards developing tools and models for future electricity market designs. A particular focus is placed on the relationship between wholesale markets and investment planning. Part I of this dissertation uses relatively simple models and case studies to evaluate key impediments to flexible transmission operation. In doing so, we identify several potential areas of concern in wholesale market designs: 1. There is a lack of consideration of demand flexibility both in the long-run and in the short-run 2. There is a disconnect between operational practices and investment planning 3. There is a need to rethink forward markets to better manage resource adequacy under long-term uncertainties 4. There is a need for more robust modeling tools for wholesale market design In Part II and Part III of this dissertation, we make use of mathematical decomposition and agent-based simulations to tackle these concerns. Part II of this dissertation uses Benders Decomposition and Lagrangian Decomposition to spatially and temporally decompose a power system and operation problem with active participation of flexible loads. In doing so, we are able to not only improve the computational efficiency of the problem, but also gain various insights on market structure and pricing. In particular, the decomposition suggests the need for a coordinated investment market and forward energy market to bridge the disconnect between operational practices and investment planning. Part III of this dissertation combines agent-based modeling with state-machine based modeling to test various spot, forward, and investment market designs, including the coordinated investment market and forward energy market proposed in Part II of this dissertation. In addition, we test a forward energy market design where 75% of load is required to be purchased in a 2-year-ahead forward market and various transmission cost recovery strategies. We demonstrate how the different market designs result in different investment decisions, winners, and losers. The market insights lead to further policy recommendations and open questions. Overall, this dissertation takes initial steps towards demonstrating how mathematical decomposition and agent-based simulations can be used as part of a larger market design toolbox to gain insights into different market designs and rules for the future electricity grid. In addition, this dissertation identifies market design ideas for further studies, particularly in the design of forward markets and investment cost recovery mechanisms.
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McCracken, Janet. "Phenomenographic instructional design : case studies in geological mapping and materials science." n.p, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Modi, Pratik S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A preliminary framework and case studies for product and systems design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118537.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 155-158).
Design processes and methods for product design are not as effective when products have a systems component. Products can have a systems component when they are within the context of a system, are a component of a system or are systems themselves. A review of relevant design processes and frameworks is followed by three case studies describing the design process of three products, one in each category mentioned above. These are: a solar powered assistance system for handlooms, a biogas generation system based on food waste from the city's waste stream and a virtual assistant and online platform for people with vision impairment in India. Learnings from these projects are used to propose a preliminary framework for designing for products with a systems component. This framework proposes that the design process cannot be codified and must be approached depending on the use case. Research, concept generation, testing and post-product launch should involve research which considers the impacts of the product and system at large and small physical and temporal scales. The framework reframes the design process in terms of the design experience and capabilities of the designer. The designer constantly cycles between understanding the system and creating solutions through different parts of the design process. The thesis defines the broadened role of the designer must be capable of abstract thinking, have subject matter expertise and possess technical and interpersonal skills, enabling them to take on a leadership role. It then suggests that further professionalization of the field of product and systems design is necessary given the rising complexity of socio-technological systems and suggests changes to the education system to cope with this. Lastly, it stresses that creativity and intuition are critical and the design framework sets the ground for creativity to generate great designs.
by Pratik Modi.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Lasi, Davide. "Identifying opportunities for flexible design of infrastructure : case studies of a space launch complex and LNG for Sardinia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120893.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-120).
This thesis presents an approach for the identification of opportunities to improve the value of new infrastructures through flexibility. This approach applies to the very early design phase of a new system, where architectural decisions have to be taken under the highest amount of uncertainty. Because the value of optionality increases with uncertainty, it is in this phase that flexibility has the highest potential to positively impact the value of a project. The proposed approach is centered around a list of decisions, common to almost every infrastructure, that can lead to flexible or inflexible systems, and a set of criteria that allows us to make an informed guess of which flexible design opportunities are likely to be valuable by looking at characteristics of the uncertainties. The identified flexible design opportunities are quantified using spreadsheet-based Monte Carlo simulations and optimization. Two case studies demonstrate by example this approach: a European high-latitude space launch complex for satellite constellations in polar orbits, and the Italian strategy to provide natural gas to Sardinia via Small-Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) infrastructure. The space launch complex case shows that, in presence of market uncertainty, a flexible infrastructure that can support the implementation of different launchers (solid, liquid, or hybrid-motor rockets) lead to a project with higher Expected Net Present Value (ENPV) than an inflexible infrastructure committing upfront to one launcher technology, with the additional benefit of aligning the interests of a hypothetical public-private partnership. The LNG for Sardinia case demonstrates how the combination of the flexibility of capacity expansion in small increments and the flexibility of networking the island with the mainland using a gas power plant leads to a higher ENPV and better Value at Risk than an optimized inflexible infrastructure. This case also introduces a view of the flexibility of networking systems (or sites within a system) to divert excess capacity as an alternative to a reversible capacity expansion, which is rarely available for infrastructures. Both the approach for the identification of flexible design opportunities and the new perspective offered here on the flexibility of networking should be investigated further in a promising domain excluded from the scope of this work: decentralized infrastructures.
by Davide Lasi.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Dilek, Murat. "Integrated Design of Electrical Distribution Systems: Phase Balancing and Phase Prediction Case Studies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29557.
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Distribution system analysis and design has experienced a gradual development over the past three decades. The once loosely assembled and largely ad hoc procedures have been progressing toward being well-organized. The increasing power of computers now allows for managing the large volumes of data and other obstacles inherent to distribution system studies. A variety of sophisticated optimization methods, which were impossible to conduct in the past, have been developed and successfully applied to distribution systems.
Among the many procedures that deal with making decisions about the state and better operation of a distribution system, two decision support procedures will be addressed in this study: phase balancing and phase prediction. The former recommends re-phasing of single- and double-phase laterals in a radial distribution system in order to improve circuit loss while also maintaining/improving imbalances at various balance point locations. Phase balancing calculations are based on circuit loss information and current magnitudes that are calculated from a power flow solution. The phase balancing algorithm is designed to handle time-varying loads when evaluating phase moves that will result in improved circuit losses over all load points.
Applied to radial distribution systems, the phase prediction algorithm attempts to predict the phases of single- and/or double phase laterals that have no phasing information previously recorded by the electric utility. In such an attempt, it uses available customer data and kW/kVar measurements taken at various locations in the system. It is shown that phase balancing is a special case of phase prediction.
Building on the phase balancing and phase prediction design studies, this work introduces the concept of integrated design, an approach for coordinating the effects of various design calculations. Integrated design considers using results of multiple design applications rather than employing a single application for a distribution system in need of improvement relative to some system aspect. Also presented is a software architecture supporting integrated design.Ph. D.
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Ducrou, Jon. "Design for conceptual knowledge processing case studies in applied formal concept analysis /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080919.093612/index.html.
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Pourbeik, Pouyan. "Design and coordination of stabilisers for generators and FACTS devices in multimachine power systems /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php877.pdf.
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Iribagiza, Chantal. "Human-Centered Design of an Air Quality Feedback System to Promote Healthy Cooking." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4547.
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Household air pollution (HAP) is responsible for almost 4 million premature deaths every year, a burden that is primarily carried by women and children in developing countries. The mortality and morbidity impact of HAP can be significantly alleviated through clean cookstove interventions. However, for these interventions to be effective, the new intervention stove must be a substantially cleaner technology and adoption should be high and sustained over time.
Woody biomass is the fuel of choice in many developing communities, and contributes substantially to HAP. Several organizations have launched clean cooking interventions to address this issue. However, the majority of those interventions do not address adoption related challenges, that they often face.
This thesis explores previous studies on Human-Centered Design (HCD) and the impact of feedback and data access on behavior change. It details a HCD process and methodology applied during the design process of an air quality feedback system, to improve adoption of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstoves in Rwanda. The feedback system is intended to provide real-time air quality information to stove users and potentially encourage them to abandon traditional biomass cookstoves in favor of the cleaner LPG stoves.
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Chim, Tat-mei Alice, and 詹達美. "An instructional design theory guide for blended learning courses." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30406213.
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Baldock, Robert David. "Structural optimisation in building design practice : case-studies in topology optimisation of bracing systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612227.
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Go, Julie W. "Case studies in DSM : utilizing the Design Structure Matrix to improve New Product Introduction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39588.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 63).
This thesis describes a project that applies the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) in support of the Manufacturing Excellence (MX) program at Cisco Systems, Inc to reduce the cycle time of new product development initiatives (NPI). Because they are inherently iterative with interdependent tasks, NPIs are difficult to manage. Two case studies applying the DSM were performed and used to study the inputs and outputs of the process as well as the dependencies between the process steps. Both case studies indicated that defining product requirements and needs upfront helped to eliminate rework later on in the process. The DSMs also showed that cycle time and standard deviation of cycle time were especially sensitive to interactions between changes in the Bill of Materials (BOM) and other tasks. In fact there was a "tipping point" where reducing the dependency between tasks could yield significant reductions in cycle time and standard deviation of cycle time. More significantly, the case studies highlighted the large number of stakeholders involved in the process and revealed the degree to which engineering and manufacturing must work together to reduce NPI cycle times.
(cont.) In fact, the name "Manufacturing Excellence Initiative in NPI" is a misnomer. New Product Introduction is not just the job of manufacturing but is highly integrated between such groups as marketing, design, and engineering. If the Mx Initiative in NPI is to fully meet its potential, all of these groups must fully realize this. In addition, there is a need for process infrastructure, data infrastructure, and close examination of incentives. This thesis thus shows that in order for Cisco's process improvement initiatives to succeed, buy-in from all relevant stakeholders must be won.
by Julie W. Go.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Klein, Donald E. Mallory Christine A. Safstrom David W. "Analysis, design, and implementation of a web-based training system for multi-criteria decision support, integrating hypertext, multimedia-based case studies and training software /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA336829.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1997.Thesis advisors, Tung X. Bui, Geoffrey Xie. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93). Also available online.
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Klein, Donald E., Christine A. Mallory, and David W. Safstrom. "Analysis, design, and implementation of a web-based training system for multi-criteria decision support, integrating hypertext, multimedia-based case studies and training software." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7876.
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The objective of the study is to propose a new learning medium, which takes advantage of the latest developments in computer based training (CBT) and the World Wide Web as an innovative mode for delivering education. The key research focus of this thesis is the design of the framework to best combine hypertext technology, computer based training functionality's and interactive multimedia to enhance learning effectiveness. This research also focuses on the interactive multimedia to enhance learning effectiveness. Additionally, this research incorporates the migration and enhancement of a multiple criteria decision support textbook from print media to electronic media. Lessons learned from this development effort will be used to derive a general framework for developing integrated web based CBT tools. A multimedia training module prototype developed during this research can be viewed at HTTP://WWW.CIMNET.NPS.NAVY.COM/COOP
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Shahraki, Abdol Aziz. "Sustainable new towns in Iran : Reflections on problems and practices of urban planning and design using case studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144997.
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This investigation of urban planning and design is the first problem-oriented study in this subject in the southeastern part of Iran. As demands for new town developments increase, the intensity and efficiency of urban planning and design must be improved. This in turn requires an increase in the professional knowledge and systematic nature of the analyses and syntheses. The discussions in the thesis include; ideological schools, socioeconomic analyses, natural resource utilization, and sustainable infrastructures. In the thesis, a set of related subjects are analyzed and evaluated with the aid of new academic and experimental methods aimed to recommend enhanced theoretical and working solutions and to prepare for sustainable urban planning and design in the southern Iran region.QC 20140505
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Deprez, Stefan Gert Marie. "Towards monitoring that makes sense : action research design of a planning, learning and accountability system for a sustainable agriculture programme in Eastern Indonesia." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003686.
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This study is an account of an action research process to develop a planning, learning and accountability (PLA) system for the sustainable agriculture chain development programme of VECO (Vredeseilanden Country Office) Indonesia. Many monitoring and evaluation (M&E) processes in development programmes are largely carried out to provide information for funding agencies, to meet external accountability requirements and for symbolic protection. This study generates insights into an integrated, learning-oriented monitoring practice which fosters reflective practice, provides feedback to programme stakeholders about performance, progress and results achieved, facilitates improved accountability, and generates information and knowledge useful for the programme stakeholders to take decisions for improved action. It is argued that M&E systems have the potential, if developed well, to serve as a framework or ‘carrier’ for organisational and institutional learning – an essential requirement to respond to the complex nature of development processes. Outcome mapping is presented as a possible approach to be used as the basis for such a M&E system. This study was underpinned by a socially critical orientation to development (programmes) and by an action research method to guide the PLA system design process. The design process was organized around seven steps - which in themselves were a result of the action research process – including specific steps to ensure a learning-oriented M&E system. Based on the agreed purposes and intended uses of the monitoring and learning process, the resulting PLA system is focused around the organizational spaces and rhythms of VECO Indonesia which are central to sharing, debate, learning and decision-making. In this way, the PLA system becomes integral to the thinking and doing of the organization. It is built on the premise that monitoring does not end with gathering data; it also needs to include a process of understanding and deciding how data can best be used and analysed to strengthen concerted action and facilitate decision-making. It highlights the importance of sense-making – interpreting information to make it usable for action. Furthermore, it incorporates an approach to assess and consciously plan for the creation of the necessary organisational conditions to implement and maintain a learning-oriented M&E system. The study is completed by critical reflection on the relevance of VECO’s new PLA system for planning, learning and accountability, combined with the use of a future scenario technique to generate recommendations and identify critical future directions. Further exploration of ‘intelligent’ information-seeking methods and processes is called for; and a practice which moves beyond intra-organisational monitoring – focusing on VECO’s own monitoring needs – towards a monitoring process that facilitates change based on the viewpoints of, and in collaboration with local actors, i.e., institutional monitoring and learning, is recommended. VECO is encouraged to continue developing a mindset and practice whereby the programme team and partners have the ability to leave the safe zone of pre-determined outcomes and actions, and to make sense of the world as they engage in action.
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Lidman, Linda. "Kvalitet-i-Bruk för Beslutstödssystem inom Thoraxkirurgi." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1284.
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The aims of the practical work carried out for this thesis were to redesign a clinical decision support system for thoracic surgeons, called AssistMe, and to evaluate the concept behind this system. The main objective of the thesis is to give an account of the considerations that were found to be of key importance for designing a clinical decision support system for thoracic surgery. Another aim was to let future users test the system after it had been redesigned and evaluate the concept behind it. The thesis also investigates users’ experience of the system and their views on whether it would be applicable in their daily work practice. An account is also given of experience of using QOC-notation during the design space analysis in a real design project like this one.
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Olsson, Linn. "AI-systems möjligheter i enavancerad support- och industrikontext." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159309.
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En fallstudie för Siemens i deras supportorganisation där deras arbeteundersöks och dess möjligheter att nyttja ett AI-system för förbättringar.Detta undersöks med hjälp av teorier inom distribuerad kognitionsamt vad som finns tillgängligt inom AI-system likt chatbotar.Genom kontextuella intervjuer inom ramarna för Kontextuell design skapasaffinitetsdiagram och DiCoT analys av datan för att ge en omfattandebild. Detta används för att diskutera de konsekvenser för design av ettAI-system som deras distribuerade kunskapsarbete behöver. Genom resultatetåskådliggörs de många system supportteknikerna använder ochhur de tar hjälp av varandra för att lösa det svårigheter de stöter på. Islutsatsen lyfts det fram förslag på införande av AI-system för supportteknikernamen även en alternativ lösning som är kundorienterad.A case studie at Siemens supportorganisation is studied and the possibilities to use an AI-system for improvements. This is studied with theories in distributed cognition and what is available in AI-systems such as chatbots. Through contextual inquiry, which is a part of the method Contextual Design, affinity diagrams were made and a analysis through DiCoT to create a relevant image. This is used to discuss consequences for the design of an AI-system that the supporttechnicians need. Through the result the many systems that the supporttechnicians use are illustrated and how they depend on eachother to solve difficulties. In the conclusion different suggestions are made about a AI-system for the support technicians but also an alternative that is customer related.
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Brechtel, Vailferree Stilwell. "IMAGES AS A LAYER OF POSITIVE RHETORIC: A VALUES-BASED CASE STUDY EXPLORING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN VISUAL AND VERBAL ELEMENTS FOUND ON A RURAL NATURAL RESOURCES NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION WEBSITE." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-08262008-152018/.
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Ho, Chi-kan Hubert, and 何志勤. "Experiencing the city: a walkway system for Hong Kong's Central District." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31982360.
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Naura, Marc. "Factors affecting the design and implementation of decision support systems within organisations : lessons from two case studies with the environment agency, England and Wales." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/347111/.
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Decision Support Systems (DSS) are computer tools that combine models and data, to a user interface to help decision-makers solve complex problems. Despite their perceived usefulness, DSS are often not used. Past and recent reviews of existing decision support tools have shown a lack of implementation. Reasons behind their rejection were multiple, from poor design to more complex organisational and personal issues. Researchers have advocated the use of a more user-centred design framework for DSS development. A series of approaches aimed at involving users in the design process have been developed and applied with mixed results. In this thesis, I argue that DSS success or failure may be due to a lack of fit between the design process and the culture of the organisation in which it is being implemented. Through literature reviews on science, decision-making, DSS and organisational culture and two case studies, I show how the assumptions taken by scientists and DSS developers on decision-making and problem-solving become embedded within the systems they produce and may conflict with that of users. I further propose a novel approach that is centred on an understanding of the cultural system in which DSS will be used. The culture-centred iterative design approach is based on a constructivist theoretical perspective using methodologies borrowed from the social sciences. It follows an iterative design process such as that described by Sprague and Carlson (1982) with an embedded investigation of the working culture of the organisation. The study of culture is performed through group and individual interviews and aims at identifying areas of potential frictions between the DSS stated aims and user norms and values. The results from the analyses are then used to produce a DSS that will maximise outputs whilst minimising the risk of rejection. The approach was applied to the development of TooiHab, a DSS for prioritising habitat enhancement work on rivers for the Environment Agency Thames Region Fisheries section. The Environment Agency is a government organisation responsible for the management and regulation of river ecology, pollution, discharge, abstraction and for the protection of land and property against flooding. Through this case study, I show how the use of a cultural enquiry as part of the design process can lead to the resolution of potential conflicts and a greater acceptance of DSS.
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Guerra, Moscoso Miguel Andres. "Prototyping as a User-Centered and Risk Reduction Approach to the Planning, Design, and Construction of More Sustainable Infrastructure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91187.
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Designing for sustainability is a complex process that requires to reduce the perceived risk of designing out of the traditional method, to prioritize the end-users' needs and preferences in the design, while considering the product-service dual-nature of infrastructure systems. To address such complexities, this research looks into prototyping from design thinking. Prototyping is a feedback mechanism that enriches the design process by emphasizing user experience and removing designers' fear of failure. This critical step is often absent during the design of physical infrastructure (e.g., transportation systems, water systems), in part, because of the size and complexity of these socio-technical systems. This research aims to understand how civil engineers can adopt prototyping design for large-scale and complex urban infrastructure systems and how prototyping influence design cognition among infrastructure stakeholder groups. To measure the effect of physical prototypes on users and designers, the researchers conducted nineteen interviews with community members, engineers, planners, and city officials in two prototyped projects: a road network in Macon, Georgia and a re-designed city block in Akron, Ohio. The researchers coded the interviews for evidence of how prototyping enhanced citizen engagement and how the design team was willing to adopt unconventional designs after prototyping. Improved understanding of prototyping as a design methodology for infrastructure can lead to more user-centered and innovative solutions. This research provides tools to manage design decisions in engineering and urban planning better, and new approaches for urban infrastructure problem-solving. Future research can compare how this process may inform design if immersive virtual experiences are used to prototype.Doctor of Philosophy
Designing sustainable infrastructure is a complex process that requires designers and engineers to ‘think out of the box’ and to increase the considerations of the users’ needs and preferences in the design. The inclusion of users’ needs and preferences in the design is challenging because designers restrict themselves to come up with non-traditional ideas due to the high risks that are in play when developing infrastructure. This research looks into adapting the prototyping process of design thinking into the planning, design, and construction of infrastructure systems because of its user-centered and innovate design characteristics. Particularly, this research studied the cases of an urban transit design in Macon, Georgia and an urban revitalization design in North Hill, Akron, Ohio. Overall, the researchers conducted nineteen interviews among the design team members, project promoters, city officials, and users such as neighborhood residents, property and business owners, and community advocating groups. The interviews questioned how prototyping enhanced citizen engagement and how designers were willing to adopt unconventional designs after prototyping. This study aims to contribute to the development of more user-centered and innovative solutions in the design of infrastructure. Engineering and urban planning problem-solving practices can use the decision-making tools this study provides. Future studies can use the fast-growing technology of virtual and augmented reality to enrich the prototyping process to deliver more sustainable infrastructure systems.
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Papakonstantinou, Maria. "e-Prescriptions : Privacy concerns and security risks in Greece’s e-Health care system." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67143.
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The present thesis presents an informed by ethnography research that seeks to explore the privacy concerns and security risks that individuals perceive with regards to the electronic system of handling digital prescriptions. The research takes place in Athens, Greece and the participants are professionals who use daily the e-prescription platform and citizens whose data is being gathered and accessed. The paradiagm within which the research is unfolded is the interpretive one and a methodology of flexible design is followed. Thematic analysis of concepts produced by the data gathered is followed in order to offer an understanding of the concerns that the participants perceive. The methods that were used were interviews with professionals, focus groups with groups of citizens, individual interviews with citizens, observations and thinking aloud in pharmacies. The aim of the thesis is to illuminate those concerns with the aspiration that it be used as a basis for further research on the important issue of privacy of sensitive, medical data and suggest ways that could help ameliorate the identified concerns.
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Thiele, Jan Christoph [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Saborowski, Jürgen [Gutachter] Nagel, and Uta [Gutachter] Berger. "Design and Implementation of Environmental Information Systems - Three case studies for managing climate and land-use change in Forestry and Agriculture / Jan Christoph Thiele ; Gutachter: Jürgen Nagel, Uta Berger ; Betreuer: Joachim Saborowski." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/117881582X/34.
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Markel, Christina Paige Buist. "Building voluntary sustainability : how urban design can promote care for ecological systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59579.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Human behavior is, in aggregate present state, unsustainable by the ecosystem of the earth. This thesis develops a behavior change model of how societies can move from unsustainable to sustainable behavior, and, because behavior is in large part a result of personal conviction, the factors that result in voluntary behavior change towards more environmentally sustainable behavior. The three key factors that trigger a desire to behave sustainably are intellectual understanding of ecosystems, engagement with ecosystems, and feedback on personal ecosystem impacts. Urban design is a key element in how the ecosystem is presented and culturally interpreted, and this thesis examines how urban design can be used to promote care for the ecosystem by offering experiences that provide the factors of behavior change. Several example cases are provided, as well as an examination of how we sense natural systems and design suggestions.
by Christina Markel.
M.C.P.
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Miller, William Stuart. "Three design tool focused case studies of mechanical engineering design projects." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1220473549/.
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Borenstein, Denis. "Integrated decision support system for flexible manufacturing system design." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301861.
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Mehendale, Vikram Prabhakar. "System approach to embedded system design." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002282.
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Karlsson, Max, and Mikael Sahlin. "Design and setup of exposure system for culture studies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207331.
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In this repost the design of an exposure system for culture studies is presented. The apparatus can expose culture plates to a magnetic field and microwave radiation. The magnetic field is created using a pair of Helmholtz colis which can generate a field with frequencies between 0 and 100 [Hz] and with field strengths between 0 and 8 [Gauss]. Microwaves with frequencies between 1.7 and 1.9 [GHz] at power levels between 0 and 8 [W] are directed at the culture plate using a R-band rectangular waveguide. The setup includes an IR- camera used to observe the temperature distribution of the exposed medium.Trial exposures of Osteoblasts does not show any statistically viable results.
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Zhang, Xiaoping. "Multi-scale system dynamics and control : two case studies /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013046.
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Hein, Misty. "Occupational Cohort Studies and the Nested Case-Control Study Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250795434.
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Nagy, Andrea. "Fandom: Four Case Studies on Stadium Design and Fan Behavior." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1525750828081632.
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Melvin, Jason W. (Jason Webley). "Axiomatic system design : chemical mechanical polishing machine case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16957.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-209).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Axiomatic design is investigated as a design methodology for large or complex system design. Particular considerations of system design are described and the suitability of axiomatic design for such considerations is discussed. Then, tools to enable successful application of axiomatic design to systems are developed. The tools are expressed as theorems for axiomatic system design. The first theorem describes conditions for equivalence of FRs, and helps define the relationships within a design matrix. The second theorem describes a method of using only leaf levels to represent a system, and re-sequencing the design to achieve a decoupled matrix. Therefore, some types of coupling at high levels may be reduced or eliminated. The third theorem defines the decomposition strategy that is necessary to make axiomatic design compatible with object-oriented simulation models that are created starting with the high levels of the decomposition. The fourth and fifth theorems present a new method for considering and increasing system robustness to external noise factors during the conceptual design phase. While techniques for increasing robustness to external noise factors are known, integrating them into axiomatic design has not been shown previously. A case study of the design of a machine tool system for polishing silicon wafers using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is presented. The CMP system architecture is decomposed from top level requirements using the principles of axiomatic design, and the theorems developed in this thesis. The CMP system was designed and fabricated at MIT by a team of students, and has demonstrated excellent capability to remove material from the surface of a wafer while offering increased control of the removal profile.
by Jason W. Melvin.
Ph.D.
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Hinrichs, Klaus Helmer. "The grid file system : implementation and case studies of applications /." Zürich, 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7734.
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McDonald, Angela I. "Animal metaphor in the Egyptian determinative system : three case studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c7bf503a-f8d6-47bf-a62e-3ab824cf8952.
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Many languages, both ancient and modern, make use of devices similar to determinatives in Egyptian by which the meaning of a word can be made more specific. But determinatives are especially rich in their capacity for expression, particularly regarding words for abstract concepts through their extensive use of visually-based metaphor. Egyptological research is only now beginning to explore the many levels at which the system functioned. My thesis centres around the metaphorical usages of three signs - the Seth animal, the panther, and the crocodile. The introduction lays out my aimes, methods, and textual sources. The first chapter sets my analysis against the backdrop of current research, beginning with a discussion of how determinatives have been treated in the past, comparing that with a survey of how modern linguistics has approached comparable systems in other languages, and finally laying out my own approach to the three signs under study. In the following three case study chapters, I first survey the evidence for how each animal was perceived in the 'real' world, before moving into a detailed analysis of their significance in the script, which is based on a contextually-grounded, diachronic study of the distribution patterns of each of the signs in five genres of text from the Old to the New Kingdom. In a final chapter, I compare my conclusions about the three determinatives, discussing their commonalities and singularities, and relaitng the results of the individual case studies to the workings of the system as a whole. My aim is not only to achieve a better understanding of the particular shades of meaning these three animal signs impart to each of the words they determine, thereby leading to a better understanding of these words, but also to examine the wider conceptual metaphors the three determinatives represent.
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Zhao, Zunchen. "SCHEMA PROFILING FOR DOCUMENT DATABASES: SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND CASE STUDIES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami156417281961505.
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Fujimoto, Yusuke. "Studies on Kernel-Based System Identification." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232415.
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Renzi, Matthew Joseph. "System architecture decisions under uncertainty : a case study on automotive battery system design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76579.
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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012."June 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).
Flexibility analysis using the Real Options framework is typically utilized on high-level architectural decisions. Using Real Options, a company may develop strategies to mitigate downside risk for future uncertainties while developing upside opportunities. The MIT-Ford Alliance has extended the techniques of flexibility analysis beyond high-level architecture to core product design decisions in future vehicle electrification. This thesis provides a methodology for a real-time support framework for developing novel engineering decisions. Risk is high in new product introduction. For hybrid and electric vehicles, market demand and technology forecasts have substantial uncertainty. The uncertainty is anticipated, as the high voltage battery pack hardware and control system architecture will experience multiple engineering development cycles in the next 20 years. Flexibility in product design could mitigate future risk due to uncertainty. By understanding the potential iteration of core technologies, the engineering team can provide flexibility in battery pack voltage monitoring, thermal control, and support software systems to meet future needs. The methodology used in this thesis has been applied in a Ford-MIT Alliance project. The Ford and MIT teams have valued key items within the core technology subsystems and have developed flexible strategies to allow Ford to capture upside potential while protecting against downside risk, with little-to-no extra cost at this early stage of development. A novel voltage monitoring technique and a unique flexible thermal control strategy have been identified and are under consideration by Ford. The flexibility methodology provided motivation and support for unique decisions made during product design by the Ford team.
by Matthew J. Renzi.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Guan, Congying. "Prototyping a novel apparel recommendation system : a feasibility study." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36289/.
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This research explores the technical feasibility of developing a knowledge-based apparel style recommendation system through investigations on apparel communication theory, data construction and machine learning techniques. It intends to improve the poor user experiences of online clothes shopping caused by the unpractical style searching, recommendation and personal styling engines. This study started with building up the theoretical foundation of apparel data and recommendation system. Then, an apparel data coding method and two apparel datasets are developed based on the apparel communication system and semiotics theory. ATTRIBUTE dataset captures natural and design features while MEANING dataset labels communicative meanings on style and body. Thirdly, the technical feasibility is investigated by statistics analytical methods to evaluate data relations and machine-learning methods to learn from the training data and predict apparel MEANINGs. The author found that the proposed data might exist non-linear relations, which restricts statistics analytical methods. Instead, machine-learning based methods are applicable as evidenced by three apparel MEANING prediction models. The three models also prove that the new apparel data coding method and ATTRIBUTE dataset could enhance the learning model since it captures more accurate apparel features. Additionally, the most useful data learning method is identified when it firstly learns ATTRIBUTEs from images via CNN model, and then determines MEANINGs from predicted ATTRIBUTEs by LKF classifier. The conclusion from this research is that it is technically feasible to develop an apparel style recommendation system. This research contributes a new method to the field of apparel recommendation system study. It fills the gap of lacking deep understandings of apparel knowledge. The proposed approach made three improvements: (1) a profound theory of apparel as a foundation, (2) a new apparel dataset construction method capturing design features and connotative meanings, and (3) the image-attribute collaborated data training model, which can effectively recognise in-depth design features and make precise predictions on connotative meanings.
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Keogh, Ruth Heather. "Several aspects of the design and analysis of case-control studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442567.
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Loizides, Charalambos. "Extensions of the case-control design in genome-wide association studies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89e057e5-d30f-4125-b210-14d1f2aa37c1.
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The case-control design is one of the most commonly used designs in genome- wide asociation studies. When we increase the sample size of either the controls or, more importantly, the cases, the power of whatever test we use will certainly increase. However increasing the sample size, means that addi- tional individuals need to be genotyped and this implies extra financial costs. However, nowadays with the emergence of genetic studies, a large number of genetic data are available at low or no extra cost. Even though those data may not be completely relevant to the current study, they can still be used to increase the probability to identify true associations. Furthermore, additional information, non-necessarily genetic, can also be used to improve the power of a method. In this thesis we extend the case-control design in order to take ad- vantage of such types of additional data and/or information. We discuss three designs; the case-cohort-control, the kin-cohort and the super-case– case–control–super-control designs. For each of these, we present methods that are adjusted or modified versions of standard case-control methods but we also propose novel ones developed with those extended designs in mind. Ultimately, we describe how those methods can be used in order to increase the power of association tests, especially compared to similar methods of the case-control design.
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McCracken, Janet Rae. "Phenomenographic instructional design : case studies in geological mapping and materials science." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270015.
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Curzon, Price John Anthony. "Modeling for market design : methodology and case studies from energy markets." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408129.
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