Academic literature on the topic 'System failures (Engineering) Risk assessment. System design'
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Journal articles on the topic "System failures (Engineering) Risk assessment. System design"
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Ratnayake, R. M. Chandima. "Knowledge based engineering approach for subsea pipeline systems’ FFR assessment." TQM Journal 28, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 40–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-12-2013-0148.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on developing a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) approach to recycle the knowledge accrued in an industrial organization for the mitigation of unwanted events due to human error. The recycling of the accrued knowledge is vital in mitigating the variance present at different levels of engineering applications, evaluations and assessments in assuring systems’ safety. The approach is illustrated in relation to subsea systems’ functional failure risk (FFR) analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A fuzzy expert system (FES)-based approach has been proposed to facilitate FFR assessment and to make knowledge recycling possible via a rule base and membership functions (MFs). The MFs have been developed based on the experts’ knowledge, data, information, and on their insights into the selected subsea system. The rule base has been developed to fulfill requirements and guidelines specified in DNV standard DNV-RP-F116 and NORSOK standard Z-008. Findings – It is possible to use the FES-based KBE approach to make FFR assessments of the equipment installed in a subsea system, focussing on potential functional failures and related consequences. It is possible to integrate the aforementioned approach in an engineering service provider’s existing structured information management system or in the computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) available in an asset owner’s industrial organization. Research limitations/implications – The FES-based KBE approach provides a consistent way to incorporate actual circumstances at the boundary of the input ranges or at the levels of linguistic data and risk categories. It minimizes the variations present in the assessments. Originality/value – The FES-based KBE approach has been demonstrated in relation to the requirements and guidelines specified in DNV standard DNV-RP-F116 and NORSOK standard Z-008. The suggested KBE-based FES that has been utilized for FFR assessment allows the relevant quantitative and qualitative data (or information) related to equipment installed in subsea systems to be employed in a coherent manner with less variability, while improving the quality of inspection and maintenance recommendations.
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Елисеева, Татьяна, and Tatyana Eliseeva. "INFLUENCE OF USE COMPLETENESS OF ENGINEERING SYSTEM MODEL UPON ACCURACY AND ADEQUACY OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22169.
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An overall purpose of researches – improvement of assessment methods of engineering systems reliability at the stage of design.
To achieve the end specified within the bounds of the investigation there was established that one of the most significant factors defining the effectiveness of the reliability assessment at the stage of designing is the completeness of a model used. For the assessment of model completeness by the example of a failure tree it was offered to determine a correlation between levels of a logical model of reliability and kinds of engineering consistency regulated by RSS 30709-2002 “Engineering Consistency. Terms and Definitions”. Within the bounds of the paper there is analyzed a minimum set of the sorts engineering consistency (dimensional consistency of system elements, compatibility of ele-ments according to reliability, interoperability) the account of which requires various degrees of detailed elaboration of a model and supposes the existence of corresponding source data including those established at the identification of logic connections between failures and the analysis of possible failures caused by a common reason.
For the systematization of research results there is developed a matrix of correlation of analyzed kinds of engineering consistency with the levels of a failure tree and the values of the assessment of a quadratic means of deviation (QMD) of expected results. The mathematical dependences allowing the definition of QMD values at every level of the logic model of relia-bility are developed. To account for the progressive-ness of a QMD value at the decrease of assessment reliability by analogy with Taguchi function of losses it is offered to use a parabolic dependence. The approach offered is particularly urgent for methods where the accuracy of results obtained determines the degree of a risk of manufacturers caused by wrong or untimely management or technical decision-makings. The trend of risk changes for manufacturers depending on QMD of a resultant value allows explaining diagrams presented in the paper.
The results obtained explain the dependence of accuracy and reliability of a reliability assessment on the completeness of use of the model and show a trend of the influence of parameters pointed out upon risk probability of manufacturers at the decisionmaking at the stage of designing.
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Li, J.-P., and G. Thompson. "Mechanical failure analysis in a virtual reality environment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 219, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440805x28258.
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This paper is part of a research theme to develop methods that enhance risk assessment studies by the use of ‘automated’ failure analysis. The paper presents an approach to mechanical failure analysis and introduces a mechanical failure analysis module that can be used in a virtual reality (VR) environment. The module is used to analyse and predict failures in mechanical assemblies; it considers stress related failures within components, as well as failures due to component interactions. Mechanical failures are divided into two categories in this paper: material failures and interference failures. The former occur in components and the latter happen at the interface between components. Individual component failures can be analysed readily; a contribution of the mechanical failure analysis module is to predict interference failures. A mechanical failure analysis system that analyses and visualizes mechanical failures in a virtual environment has been developed. Two case studies demonstrate how the system carries out failure analysis and visualization as design parameters are changed.
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Chou, I.-Chi, Hsu-Chin Hsueh, and Ren-Guey Lee. "EXAMPLE FOR MOBILE ECG HOLTER DESIGN USING FMEA MODEL." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 21, no. 01 (February 2009): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s101623720900109x.
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This paper describes an approach for evaluating the risk of components used in the Holter. Holter is a portable device for recording patients' electrocardiogram in medicine. Holter might hurt users as a result of a bad design, and might record incorrectly when malfunction happens. To prevent risk of injury, we analyze the potential failures of the Holter based on the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, which is a risk assessment technique. Then, we calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN) of each failure. According to the RPN, we give two strategies for reducing the risk. One is protection, and the other is alarm. The protection system is used to prevent hazards of the Holter from incorrect operations by the user, and the alarm system is used to detect the malfunction of the Holter. The experimental results show that the safety of the Holter is improved with these two circuits.
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Bakhat, Rim, and Mohammed Rajaa. "Risk Assessment of a Wind Turbine Using an AHP-MABAC Approach with Grey System Theory: A Case Study of Morocco." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (August 13, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2496914.
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Clean energy has become a growing concern, and many organizations pay attention to environmental protection and energy production as well. In the last few decades, the wind turbine has become the core of clean energy production and has advanced in generating electricity from 40 kW to 5 mW. However, the new design of the wind turbine causes several potential failures which frequently lead to the inability to accomplish the operational requirements intended to meet the customers’ expectations. As a solution to this problem, the present paper proposes a novel systematic approach that combines Multicriteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques and Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) tool to reveal the fatal failures and optimize the maintenance actions. To further develop the preceding framework, this work will not only rely on the three risk factors that are involved in the traditional Risk Priority Numbers (RPN) approach but also will consider the economic aspect of the system. In the proposed approach, the grey Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied in the first place to calculate the weights of the four risk factors criteria. Second, the grey Multiattribute Border Approximation area Comparison (MABAC) technique is applied to rank the failure modes and their criticality on the whole system. The proposed model is verified within an organization of renewable energy production in Morocco. Furthermore, the results of the comparative and the sensitivity analysis affirm that the proposed research framework is adequate for enhancing other complex systems design, especially in a developing world where funds and resources are scarce.
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Carro, Andrés, Ricardo Chacartegui, Carlos Tejada, Georgios Gravanis, Muhammad Eusha, Voutetakis Spyridon, Papadopoulou Simira, and Carlos Ortiz. "FMEA and Risks Assessment for Thermochemical Energy Storage Systems Based on Carbonates." Energies 14, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196013.
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Thermochemical energy storage systems from carbonates, mainly those based on calcium carbonate, have been gaining momentum in the last few years. However, despite the considerable interest in the process, the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is still low. Therefore, facing the progressive development of the technology at different scales is essential to carry out a comprehensive risk assessment and a Failure Mode Effect and Analysis (FMEA) process to guarantee the safety and operation of the technology systems. In this study, the methodology was applied to a first-of-its-kind prototype, and it is a valuable tool for assessing safe design and operation and potential scaling up. The present work describes the methodology for carrying out these analyses to construct a kW-scale prototype of an energy storage system based on calcium carbonate. The main potential risks occur during the testing and operation stages (>50% of identified risks), being derived mainly from potential overheating in the reactors, failures in the control of the solar shape at the receiver, and potential failures of the control system. Through the assessment of Risk Priority Numbers (RPNs), it was identified that the issues requiring more attention are related to hot fluid path to avoid loss of heat transfer and potential damages (personal and on the facilities), mainly due to their probability to occur (>8 on a scale of 10). The results derived from the FMEA analysis show the need for specific control measures in reactors, especially in the calciner, with high operation temperatures (1000 °C) and potential effects of overheating and corrosion.
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Bhkukya, ShankarNayak, and Dr Suresh Pabboju. "A Framework for Enhanced Tropos Goal-Driven Risk Assessment in Requirements Engineering." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.23 (April 20, 2018): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.15345.
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Every process model used by software industry has different phases including requirement engineering. This is the crucial phase as it is preceded by other phases and provides valuable inputs to the design phase. Risk assessment made in this phase can help avoid wastage of time, effort, cost and budget overruns and even missed delivery deadlines. Traditionally risks are analyzed in terms of technical aspects like failures in the working system, unavailability of certain services, and fault intolerances to mention few. The identified risks are used to have countermeasures. However, it causes the life cycle of the system to be repeated right from the requirements engineering. On the contrary, risk analysis in the requirements engineering phase can prove fact that a stitch in time saves nine. Therefore early detection of risks in the system can help improve efficiency of software development process. Goal-oriented risk assessment has thus gained popularity as it is done in the requirements analysis phase. Stakeholder interests are considered to analyze risks and provide countermeasures to leverage quality of the system being developed. In this paper, a formal framework pertaining to Tropos goal modelling is enhanced with quantitative reasoning technique coupled with qualitative ones. Towards this end we used a conceptual framework with three layer such as asset layer, event layer and treatment layer. We used a case study project named Loan Origination Process (LOP) to evaluate the proposed framework. Our framework supports probability of satisfaction (SAT) and denial (DEN) values in addition to supporting qualitative values. The Goal-Reasoning tool is extended to have the proposed quantitative solution for risk analysis in requirements engineering. The tool performs risk analysis and produces different alternative solutions with weights that enable software engineers or domain experts to choose best solution in terms of cost and risk. The results revealed the performance improvement and utility when compared with an existing goal-driven risk assessment approach.
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Pokhabov, Yu P. "What should mean dependability calculation of unique highly vital systems with regards to single-use mechanisms of spacecraft." Dependability 18, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/17292646-2018-18-4-28-35.
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Aim. Calculations are an integral part of the development of any complex technical object. Normally, they are subdivided into the calculations to confirm product operability (kinematic, electrical, thermal, strength, hydraulic and pneumatic systems analysis, etc.) and calculations to confirm its dependability (calculation of reliability, longevity, maintainability, storability and other indicators). As it is understood and provided in statutory documents, dependability calculation involves procedures of identification of an object’s dependability indicators using methods based on their calculation using reference information on the object’s components dependability, on the dependability of analog objects, on the properties of the materials and other information available at the time of calculation. However, in the case of development of unique highly vital systems, obtaining statistical data for dependability calculation is impossible due to two conflicting conditions, i.e. the limited number of produced objects and the requirement of high accuracy of the input information. Nevertheless, in the author’s opinion dependability calculations must be performed. The only question is how to calculate the dependability and what such calculation should mean.Methods. In the classic dependability theory, the conventional understanding of probability of no-failure is the frequency of failures in time, yet for unique highly vital systems the failure rate must tend to zero over the entire period of operation (preferably, there should be no failures at all). For this reason the concept of “failure” in the context of unique highly vital systems should probably be interpreted not as an event, i.e. any fact, which as a result of experience can occur or not occur, but as possible risk, i.e. an undesirable situation or circumstance that is characterized by the probability of occurrence and potentially negative consequences. Then, an event in the form of a real or potential failure in operation can be associated with a risk in the form of probability of failure with negative consequences, which in terms of the consequences is equally unacceptable with regard to unique highly vital systems. In this case dependability calculation can be reasonably substituted with risk assessment, a process that encompasses risk identification, risk analysis and comparative risk assessment. Thus, risk assessment enables the achievement of the target dependability directly by substantiating the stability of manifestation of a specific product’s properties and not indirectly through undependability caused by failures of analog products.Results. The paper shows the procedure of risk assessment for unique highly vital systems. Using the example of a mechanical system with actuated parts represented by a spacecraft single-section pivoted rod the risk assessment procedures are shown. The feasibility of risk assessment with the use of design engineering analysis of dependability is demonstrated.Conclusions. It is shown that the absence of statistical data on the dependability of analogs of unique highly vital systems does not prevent dependability calculation in the form of risk assessment. Moreover, the results of such calculations can be a source and guidelines for adopting design and process engineering solutions in the development of products with target dependability indicators. However, legalizing the method of such calculations requires the modifications of the technical rules and regulations to allow for dependability calculation by other means than with the use of statistical data on the failures of analogs.
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LUNDTEIGEN, MARY ANN, and MARVIN RAUSAND. "RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEMS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH AND A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 16, no. 02 (April 2009): 187–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539309003356.
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This article presents a practical approach to reliability assessment of a complex safety instrumented system that is susceptible to common cause failures. The approach is based on fault tree analysis where the common cause failures are included by post-processing the minimal cut sets. The approach is illustrated by a case study of a safety instrumented function of a workover control system that is used during maintenance interventions into subsea oil and gas wells. The case study shows that the approach is well suited for identifying potential failures in complex systems and for including design engineers in the verification of the reliability analyses. Unlike many software tools for fault tree analysis, the approach gives conservative estimates for reliability. The suggested approach represents a useful extension to current reliability analysis methods.
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Qu, Na, Zhong Hai Li, Nai Wei Cheng, and Jian Wei Li. "Failure Risk Evaluation of Security System Based on Fuzzy FTA." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 1094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.1094.
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The reliability of security system affects the ability of the system to protect people's lives and property safety. Failure risk assessment of security system is an effective method to test the reliability of the system. The fault tree analysis method has been applied to analyze the system failure risk from the angle of each part and considering the human factors. The traditional fault tree analysis method assumes that the probability of bottom events is certain to calculate the top event probability. To obtain accurate bottom events probability is difficult, even impossible because statistical data is not sufficient and the bottom events is fuzzy in fact. Analysis of the fuzzy mathematics theory is introduced into the fault tree. The calculation provides reference for the system design and management.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "System failures (Engineering) Risk assessment. System design"
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Adachi, Takao. "Impact of cascading failures on performance assessment of civil infrastructure systems." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03052007-095214/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Bruce R. Ellingwood, Committee Chair ; Abdul-Hamid Zureick, Committee Member ; James I. Craig, Committee Member ; Reginald DesRoches, Committee Member ; Kenneth M. Will, Committee Member.
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Gao, Olivia Qing. "Risk Assessment for IoT : a system evaluation of the smart home and its cybersecurity imperative." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106247.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 92-107).
In the past two decades, the exponential growth of the modern Internet with the digitization of most human activities such as data gathering and storage have also fueled the growth of cybercrimes. In more recent years, the modern Internet is spreading into everyday life through the Internet of Things (IoT), which is further expanding the attack surface. Among all the IoT domains, the smart home, in particular, is poised to be one of the most exciting application areas of the IoT. However, behind the optimistic outlook, the shadow of an impending threat is also growing. Across the board, among the smart home device manufacturers, security is nearly non-existent or significantly downplayed. Consequently, the neglected, unresolved vulnerabilities in these devices widely expose their users and their family to cyberattacks. This thesis aims to illuminate the dynamics in the smart home market and their implications for IoT as a whole. First, it will review the past evolution of the IoT and the smart home along with current trends in enabling technologies. Next, through detailed examinations of four dynamic factors - i) macro pressures to innovate, 2) growing perils of cybercrimes, 3) vulnerabilities in the smart home, and 4) values at risk - the thesis seeks to elucidate the serious consequences of ignoring cybersecurity in the smart home system through causal loop diagramming. This thesis uses substantiated data from the past few years to justify its analyses. The thesis concludes that the smart home is an essential innovation that can help solve many urgent challenges facing our time, and securing the smart home devices is a key step towards building a safer and more secure IoT future as well as a future for the current generation and many generations to come.
by Olivia Qing Gao.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
Books on the topic "System failures (Engineering) Risk assessment. System design"
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Pham, Hoang. Safety and Risk Modeling and Its Applications. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited, 2011.
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Cramond, Wallis R. Shutdown decay heat removal analysis of a Babcock and Wilcox pressurized water reactor: Case study. Washington, DC: Division of Safety Review and Oversight, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1987.
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Office, General Accounting. Space shuttle: Need to sustain launch risk assessment process improvements : report to the Honorable James A. Hayes, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Office, General Accounting. Space shuttle: NASA must reduce costs further to operate within future projected funds : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.
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Office, General Accounting. Space shuttle: Further improvements needed in NASA's modernization efforts : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2004.
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Office, General Accounting. Space shuttle: NASA's major changes to flight hardware : fact sheet for the Chairman, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.
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Reniers, Genserik L. L., author, ed. Engineering risk management. 2nd ed. De Gruyter, 2016.
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Todinov, Michael T. Risk-Based Reliability Analysis and Generic Principles for Risk Reduction. Elsevier Science, 2006.
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Risk-Based Reliability Analysis and Generic Principles for Risk Reduction. Elsevier Science, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "System failures (Engineering) Risk assessment. System design"
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Woldt, W., I. Bogardi, and L. Duckstein. "Consideration of Reliability in System Design for Ground Water Remediation." In Water Resources Engineering Risk Assessment, 255–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76971-9_15.
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Duckstein, Lucien, Bijaya P. Shrestha, and Eugene Z. Stakhiv. "Multicriterion Risk and Reliability Analysis in Hydrologic System Design and Operation." In Water Resources Engineering Risk Assessment, 363–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76971-9_19.
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Zisiadis, Dimitris, George Thanos, Spyros Kopsidas, and George Leventakis. "STAR-TRANS Modeling Language." In Transportation Systems and Engineering, 440–55. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8473-7.ch021.
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Transportation networks are open and accessible, by design, and thus vulnerable to malicious attacks. Transportation networks are integral parts of larger systems, where individual transportation networks form a network-of-networks within a defined geographical region. A security incident on an asset can propagate to new security incidents in interconnected assets of the same or different networks, resulting in cascading failures in the overall network-of-networks. The present work introduces the STAR-TRANS Modeling Language (STML) and provides a reference implementation case. STML is a feature-rich, domain specific, high-level modeling language, capable of expressing the concepts and processes of the Strategic Risk Assessment and Contingency Planning in Interconnected Transportation Networks (STAR- TRANS) framework. STAR-TRANS is a comprehensive transportation security risk assessment framework for assessing related risks that provides cohered contingency management procedures for interconnected, interdependent and heterogeneous transport networks. STML has been used to produce the STAR-TRANS Impact Assessment Tool.
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Patra, Prashant Kumar, and Padma Lochan Pradhan. "Dynamic FCFS ACM Model for Risk Assessment on Real Time Unix File System." In Transportation Systems and Engineering, 551–71. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8473-7.ch027.
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The access control is a mechanism that a system grants, revoke the right to access the object. The subject and object can able to integrate, synchronize, communicate and optimize through read, write and execute over a UFS. The access control mechanism is the process of mediating each and every request to system resources, application and data maintained by a operating system and determining whether the request should be approve, created, granted or denied as per top management policy. The AC mechanism, management and decision is enforced by implementing regulations established by a security policy. The management has to investigate the basic concepts behind access control design and enforcement, point out different security requirements that may need to be taken into consideration. The authors have to formulate and implement several ACM on normalizing and optimizing them step by step, that have been highlighted in proposed model for development and production purpose. This research paper contributes to the development of an optimization model that aims and objective to determine the optimal cost, time and maximize the quality of services to be invested into security model and mechanisms deciding on the measure components of UFS. This model has to apply to ACM utilities over a Web portal server on object oriented and distributed environment. This ACM will be resolve the uncertainty, un-order, un formal and unset up (U^4) problems of web portal on right time and right place of any where & any time in around the globe. It will be more measurable and accountable for performance, fault tolerance, throughput, bench marking and risk assessment on any application.
Conference papers on the topic "System failures (Engineering) Risk assessment. System design"
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Kurtoglu, Tolga, and Irem Y. Tumer. "A Graph-Based Framework for Early Assessment of Functional Failures in Complex Systems." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35421.
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In this paper, the Functional Failure Identification and Propagation (FFIP) framework is introduced as a novel approach for evaluating and assessing functional failure risk of physical systems during conceptual design. The task of FFIP is to estimate potential faults and their propagation paths under critical event scenarios. The framework is based on combining hierarchical system models of functionality and configuration, with behavioral simulation and qualitative reasoning. The main advantage of the method is that it allows the analysis of functional failures and fault propagation at a highly abstract system concept level before any potentially high-cost design commitments are made. As a result, it provides the designers and system engineers with a means of designing out functional failures where possible and designing in the capability to detect and mitigate failures early on in the design process. Application of the presented method to a fluidic system example demonstrates these capabilities.
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Kramer, Scott, and Irem Tumer. "A Framework for Early Assessment of Functional Failures to Aid in PHM Design." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87071.
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Human artifacts have evolved into incredibly complex systems that rely on both hardware and software to function dependably with limited or no human operator control. As the monetary and human consequences for failure climb with technological progress, Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) systems are developed to help manage, mitigate, detect, and respond to failures. These PHM systems have become as integral and as important as any other subsystem in a complex machine. Methods have been developed to analyze and incorporate risk and reliability in the early stage decision making processes of complex system design. These methods, however, treat the development and capabilities of PHM in the conceptual stage of system design in a peripheral manner at best. The importance of PHM consideration early in system design is significant. The structure of PHM, one of the most complex of the subsystems, can begin to take shape. Design modifications that must be made in light of PHM limitations should be pushed to the earliest stage of design possible, where costs of changes are minimized. In this paper, several risk and reliability based design techniques are discussed in this context. In particular Function Failure Identification Propagation framework (FFIP) provides a systematic process to identify potential failure points and their resulting functional losses. FFIP is selected in this paper as fitting early stage PHM development very well. However, improvements are proposed to the existing FFIP process to better address PHM design needs during the conceptual design stage of a complex system. This paper presents an improved method, which is then applied to a liquid fueled rocket engine architecture. Future work, including using the information gathered here to start the conceptual design of the PHM system, is also discussed.
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Arlitt, Ryan M., and Douglas L. Van Bossuyt. "Toward a Generative Human-in-the-Loop Approach for Conceptual Design Exploration Using Flow Failure Frequency in Functional Models." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85490.
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A challenge systems engineers and designers face when applying system failure risk assessment methods such as Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) during conceptual design is their reliance on historical data and behavioral models. This paper presents a framework for exploring a space of functional models using graph rewriting rules and a qualitative failure simulation framework that presents information in an intuitive manner for human-in-the-loop decision-making and human-guided design. An example is presented wherein a functional model of an electrical power system is iteratively perturbed to generate alternatives. The alternative functional models suggest different approaches to mitigating an emergent system failure vulnerability in the electrical power system’s the heat extraction capability. A preferred functional model configuration that has a desirable failure flow distribution can then be identified. The method presented here helps systems designers to better understand where failures propagate through systems and guides modification of systems functional models to adjust the way in which systems fail to have more desirable characteristics.
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Ratnayake, R. M. Chandima. "Risk Based Integrity Assessment and Control of Ageing Subsea Pipelines: An Expert System Based Approach." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41632.
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Many of the subsea pipelines around the world are reaching the end of their design life, and some are already under operation beyond the design life. Inherently, it is expensive to replace or repair subsea pipelines. This is mainly due to the fact that cost of replacement or repair necessitates the cost of loss of production during the shutdown period. Hence, it is vital to maintain the integrity of pipelines at an anticipated level to optimize replacements and repairs. To conserve the integrity of pipelines, it is necessary to allocate a larger proportion of budgets for inspection, maintenance and subsequently for necessary replacements and repairs. In addition, in the light of a number of high profile incidents, political and regulatory pressure has grown on asset owners to certify that they maintain pipeline integrity at an anticipated level. Regulatory authorities shall check up on the integrity assessment and control (IA&C) process of pipeline systems to confirm that the risk of a potential failure is as low as reasonably possible (ALARP). Assessments of the risk of potential failures of ageing pipelines provide an opportunity to optimize expenditures on IA&C. In this context, setting economic inspection intervals to prevent failures, limit risks to ALARP, quantify the present integrity (using available design data and as-built data, inspection data, loading and environmental data), and predict the future integrity (forecast operating conditions using past and present operating conditions) play a significant role. There is a need to employ expert systems to undertake risk based IA&C to minimize the variability in the assessments and evaluations caused by frequent migration of experts from one organization to another and new recruits with lack of experience. This manuscript provides the state of the art of the IA&C of subsea systems and proposes an expert-systems-based approach to minimize the variability caused in the IA&C process.
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Papakonstantinou, Nikolaos, Seppo Sierla, David C. Jensen, and Irem Y. Tumer. "Capturing Interactions and Emergent Failure Behavior in Complex Engineered Systems at Multiple Scales." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47767.
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Large complex systems exhibit complex nominal and failure behavior and understanding that behavior is critical to the accurate assessment of risk. However, this assessment is difficult to accomplish in the early design stage. Multiple subsystem interactions and emergent behavior further complicate early design risk analysis. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate necessary modifications of an existing function-based failure assessment tool for application to the large complex system design domain. Specifically, this paper demonstrates how specific adaptations to this early, qualitative approach to system behavioral simulation and analysis help overcome some of the challenges to large complex system design. In this paper, a boiling water nuclear reactor design serves as a motivating case study for showing how this approach can capture complex subsystem interactions, identify emergent behavior trends, and assess failures at both the component and system level.
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Irshad, Lukman, Daniel Hulse, H. Onan Demirel, Irem Y. Tumer, and David C. Jensen. "Introducing Likelihood of Occurrence and Expected Cost to Human Error and Functional Failure Reasoning Framework." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22406.
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Abstract Risk-based design uses severity and occurrence quantification to determine overall system risk and prioritize the most important hazards. To fully understand and effectively mitigate potential risks, the effects of component failures and human errors (acting alone and in tandem) need to be considered early. Then one can determine whether to allocate resources to proactively mitigate human errors in the design process. In previous work, the Human Error and Functional Failure Reasoning (HEFFR) framework was developed to model effects of human errors and component failures in a system, taking critical event scenarios as inputs and producing functional failures, human errors, and their propagation paths as outputs. With automated scenario generation, this framework can model millions of scenarios that cause system critical functions to fail. However, the outputs of this framework do not include any quantifiable measures to assess the risk of the hazards or prioritize fault scenarios. This work addresses these shortcomings by using a scenario probability and cost model to quantify the expected cost of failures in the HEFFR framework. A coolant tank case study is used to demonstrate this approach. The results show that the quantifiable measures enable HEFFR to identify worst-case scenarios, prioritize scenarios with the highest impact, and improve human-product interactions. However, the underlying likelihood and cost models are subject to uncertainties which may affect the assessments.
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Peng, Pengyi, Weidong Liu, and Zhichao Yang. "Application of Probabilistic Safety Assessment in the Design of Instrumentation and Control Systems for Nuclear Power Plants." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67178.
Full textAbstract:
Instrumentation and control (I&C) systems in nuclear power plants (NPPs) have the ability to initiate the safety-related functions necessary to shut down the plants and maintain the plants in a safe shutdown condition. I&C systems of low reliability will bring risks to the safe operation of NPPs. A sufficient level of redundancy and diversity of I&C design to ensure the safety is a major focus when designing a new reactor. Usually multiple signal paths are included in an I&C system design. Meanwhile, besides the protection and safety monitoring system (PMS), other sub-systems of I&C such as the diverse actuation system (DAS) will be included as a diverse backup of PMS to perform the functions of reactor trip and engineered safety features actuation systems (ESFAS). However, the construction costs increase as the level of system redundancy and diversity grows. In fact, from the perspective of deterministic theory, an I&C system of only two chains can meet the single failure criterion. So how to obtain the balance of safety and economy is a challenging problem in I&C system designing. Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is the most commonly used quantitative risk assessment tool for decision-making in selecting the optimal design among alternative options. In this paper, PSA technique was used to identify whether the I&C system design offers adequate redundancy, diversity, and independence with sufficient defense-in-depth and safety margins in the design of a new reactor. Firstly, detailed risk assessment criteria for I&C design were studied and identified in accordance with nuclear regulations. Secondly, different designs were appropriately modeled, and the risk insights were provided, showing the balance of safety and economy of each design. Furthermore, potential design improvements were evaluated in terms of the current risk assessment criterion. In the end, the optimal design was determined, and uncertainty analyses were performed. The results showed that all four designs analyzed in this paper were met the safety goals in terms of PSA, but each design had a different impact on the balance of risk. As the support systems of the NPP we analyzed were relatively weak, loss of off-site power and loss of service water were two main risk contributors. The common cause failure of reactor trip breakers and the sensors of containment pressure were risk-significant. After identifying the major risk factors, the I&C design team can perform subsequent optimizations in the further design based on the PSA results and achieve an optimal balance between safety and economy.
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Ru¨de, Erich, and Rainer Hamann. "Derivation or Ship System Safety Criteria by Means of Risk-Based Ship System Safety Analysis." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57248.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays an increasing popularity of alternative designs can be observed challenging the IMO Regulations of SOLAS (International Convention for the Safety Of Life At Sea). Examples are passenger ships with larger main vertical zones, novel types of survival crafts and new materials. This desire for innovative solutions combined with the society’s need for increasingly safer transport is expected to be satisfied by risk-based ship design and approval. The process of alternative ship design and arrangements, as described in MSC/Circ.1002 and MSC.1/Circ.1212, requires a risk analysis to demonstrate that the risk contribution of the novel design is less or equal to the present design. Thus the application of this process can also be regarded as risk-based design. The application of risk-based design is driven by the need for continuous improvement of the efficiency leading to lower costs for design, manufacturing or operation, because it offers the required frame for the development of new innovative solutions. IACS defines safety as absence of unacceptable levels of risk to life, limb and health. Risk is defined as a measure of likelihood that an undesirable event will occur together with a measure of the resulting consequence within a specified time, i.e., the combination of the frequency or probability and the severity of the consequence. Risk-based design involves risk assessment and risk evaluation criteria that can be defined, for instance, on basis of historical data or the ALARP process (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) combined with cost-benefit analysis. In this paper the definition of a risk evaluation criterion for systems by means of ALARP and cost-benefit analysis is presented and illustrated by a sample design of a ship fuel oil system. The risk contribution tree used for the analysis is composed of fault trees and event trees. A cost-benefit analysis is applied to establish a target system risk criterion in form of a target system failure probability. Problems related to the discrete structure of systems are discussed. The work shows that different risk analysis methods are required to describe the escalation chain from a component failure to a potential accident and its consequences.
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El-Reedy, Mohamed A. "Integrity Management System for Fixed Offshore Structures Inspection Strategy." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51322.
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The GUPCO offshore structure management system was developed as a part of an integrated infrastructure management system. This paper presents a case study of providing an integrity management system for inspection, evaluation and repair of the fixed offshore platforms in Gulf of Suez. The management system procedure is presented focusing on the first step for defining the highly risky weight to the lower risky weight structure based on API criteria for assessment of the existing structures. The risk analysis methodology for developing design and assessment criteria for fixed offshore structure based on consequence of failure is illustrated. In our case study the assessment method is applied for a number of fixed offshore structures. The above methodology is performed after theoretical assessment and then verifying by using ROV subsea inspection for the fixed offshore structure. Comparison between the actual structure performance and the predicting risk assessment for the structure from the model will be studied. The overall management system will be illustrated in scope of predictive maintenance philosophy and reliability for all offshore structures.
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Maes, Marc A., and Michael Havbro Faber. "Spatial Effects in Risk-Based Design and Maintenance of Pipelines." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29164.
Full textAbstract:
Pipelines are to a large extent spatially continuous systems having a system-component relationship that is not as clearly articulated as for other structural systems. Reliability-based design methods for pipelines often provide conflicting views about the spatial extent of limit states, the effect of spatial correlation, the applicability of target risks and target reliabilities (for instance on a per unit length basis), the link with lifecycle cost methods, and risk acceptability in general. The present paper first reviews probabilistic design and assessment approaches for pipelines, ranging from partial factors and limit state design, to reliability based and consequence-based methods. Subsequently we identify the various types of limit states from the point of view of their spatial characteristics. The paper also reviews the possible approaches to target risks and target reliabilities in view of the different spatial extent of the limit states. The role of spatial correlation as it impacts on different kind of pipeline limit states and on the risk acceptance process is discussed. The role of inspection, repair and maintenance can easily be included in many of the reliability-based pipeline design and assessment approaches as the lifetime costs of mitigative actions are fairly well defined, together with the spatially distributed consequences of failure, but they do add some additional challenges to the spatial modeling of the system.
Reports on the topic "System failures (Engineering) Risk assessment. System design"
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Stehno, Abigail, Jeffrey Melby, Shubhra Misra, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, and Victor Gonzalez. Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, TX Pre-construction, Engineering and Design (PED) : coastal storm surge and wave hazard assessment : report 4 – Freeport. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41903.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, is executing the Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay Coastal Storm Risk Management (CSRM) project for Brazoria, Jefferson, and Orange Counties regions. The project is currently in the Pre-construction, Engineering, and Design phase. This report documents coastal storm water level (SWL) and wave hazards for the Freeport CSRM structures. Coastal SWL and wave loading and overtopping are quantified using high-fidelity hydrodynamic modeling and stochastic simulations. The CSTORM coupled water level and wave modeling system simulated 195 synthetic tropical storms on three relative sea level change scenarios for with- and without-project meshes. Annual exceedance probability (AEP) mean values were reported for the range of 0.2 to 0.001 for peak SWL and wave height (Hm0) along with associated confidence limits. Wave period and mean wave direction associated with Hm0 were also computed. A response-based stochastic simulation approach is applied to compute AEP values for overtopping for levees and overtopping, nappe geometry and combined hydrostatic and hydrodynamic fluid pressures for floodwalls. CSRM crest design elevations are defined based on overtopping rates corresponding to incipient damage. Survivability and resilience are evaluated. A system-wide hazard level assessment was conducted to establish final recommended system-wide elevations.
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Stehno, Abigail, Jeffrey Melby, Shubhra Misra, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, and Victor Gonzalez. Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, TX Pre-construction, Engineering and Design (PED) : coastal storm surge and wave hazard assessment : report 2 – Port Arthur. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41901.
Full textAbstract:
The US Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, is executing the Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay Coastal Storm Risk Management (CSRM) project for Brazoria, Jefferson, and Orange Counties regions. The project is currently in the Pre-construction, Engineering, and Design phase. This report documents coastal storm water level and wave hazards for the Port Arthur CSRM structures. Coastal storm water level (SWL) and wave loading and overtopping are quantified using high-fidelity hydrodynamic modeling and stochastic simulations. The CSTORM coupled water level and wave modeling system simulated 195 synthetic tropical storms on three relative sea level change scenarios for with- and without-project meshes. Annual exceedance probability (AEP) mean values were reported for the range of 0.2 to 0.001 for peak SWL and wave height (Hm0) along with associated confidence limits. Wave period and mean wave direction associated with Hm0 were also computed. A response-based stochastic simulation approach is applied to compute AEP values for overtopping for levees and overtopping, nappe geometry, and combined hydrostatic and hydrodynamic fluid pressures for floodwalls. CSRM crest design elevations are defined based on overtopping rates corresponding to incipient damage. Survivability and resilience are evaluated. A system-wide hazard level assessment was conducted to establish final recommended system-wide elevations.
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Stehno, Abigail, Jeffrey Melby, Shubhra Misra, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, and Victor Gonzalez. Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, TX Pre-construction, Engineering and Design (PED) : coastal storm surge and wave hazard assessment : report 3 – Orange County. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41902.
Full textAbstract:
The US Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, is executing the Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay Coastal Storm Risk Management (CSRM) project for Brazoria, Jefferson, and Orange Counties regions. The project is currently in the Pre-construction, Engineering, and Design phase. This report documents coastal storm water level (SWL) and wave hazards for the Orange County CSRM structures. Coastal SWL and wave loading and overtopping are quantified using high-fidelity hydrodynamic modeling and stochastic simulations. The CSTORM coupled water level and wave modeling system simulated 195 synthetic tropical storms on three relative sea level change scenarios for with- and without-project meshes. Annual exceedance probability (AEP) mean values were reported for the range of 0.2 to 0.001 for peak SWL and wave height (Hm0) along with associated confidence limits. Wave period and mean wave direction associated with Hm0 were also computed. A response-based stochastic simulation approach is applied to compute AEP values for overtopping for levees and overtopping, nappe geometry, and combined hydrostatic and hydrodynamic fluid pressures for floodwalls. CSRM crest design elevations are defined based on overtopping rates corresponding to incipient damage. Survivability and resilience are evaluated. A system-wide hazard level assessment was conducted to establish final recommended system-wide elevations.
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Melby, Jeffrey, Thomas Massey, Abigail Stehno, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, Shubhra Misra, and Victor Gonzalez. Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay, TX Pre-construction, Engineering and Design (PED) : coastal storm surge and wave hazard assessment : report 1 – background and approach. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41820.
Full textAbstract:
The US Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, is executing the Sabine Pass to Galveston Bay Coastal Storm Risk Management (CSRM) project for Brazoria, Jefferson, and Orange Counties regions. The project is currently in the Pre-construction, Engineering, and Design phase. This report documents coastal storm water level and wave hazards for the Port Arthur CSRM structures. Coastal storm water level (SWL) and wave loading and overtopping are quantified using high-fidelity hydrodynamic modeling and stochastic simulations. The CSTORM coupled water level and wave modeling system simulated 195 synthetic tropical storms on three relative sea level change scenarios for with- and without-project meshes. Annual exceedance probability (AEP) mean values were reported for the range of 0.2 to 0.001 for peak SWL and wave height (Hm0) along with associated confidence limits. Wave period and mean wave direction associated with Hm0 were also computed. A response-based stochastic simulation approach is applied to compute AEP runup and overtopping for levees and overtopping, nappe geometry, and combined hydrostatic and hydrodynamic fluid pressures for floodwalls. CSRM structure crest design elevations are defined based on overtopping rates corresponding to incipient damage. Survivability and resilience are evaluated. A system-wide hazard level assessment was conducted to establish final recommended system-wide CSRM structure elevations.