Academic literature on the topic 'System Generalized Method of Moments (sGMM)'
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Journal articles on the topic "System Generalized Method of Moments (sGMM)"
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Saha, Shrabani, Girijasankar Mallik, and Dimitrios Vortelinos. "Does Corruption Facilitate Growth? A Cross-national Study in a Non-linear Framework." South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 6, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978717727174.
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The article examines the corruption–growth relationship in a non-linear framework using panel fixed effects (FE) and system generalized methods of moments (SGMM) model for over 110 countries for the period 1984–2009. The results reveal that the least corrupt countries enjoy higher growth rates, whereas highly corrupt countries experience low growth. Furthermore, corruption has a positive and significant effect on economic growth up to a certain level and thereafter it reduces growth. The results are robust under various methodology and an alternative measure of corruption. JEL Classification: D73, O47, O50
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Nguyen Phuong, Lien, and Thanh Su Dinh. "Tax revenue, expenditure, and economic growth: An analysis of long-run relationships." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 24, no. 03 (July 1, 2017): 04–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2017.24.3.02.
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Focusing on the investigation of “long-term” relationship between tax revenue, expenditure, and economic growth, this paper employs the Granger causality test and finds that the linkage between tax revenue and spending is a bi-directional causal correlation. Furthermore, applying Persyn and Westerlund’s (2008) co-integration test allows for corroboration of existence of long-run cointegration linkages among outcome of economy and the three variables. In addition, by adopting two-step system generalized method of moments (SGMM) for a dynamic panel of 82 developed and developing countries during 16-year period (2000–2015), this research demonstrates that the impact of tax revenue and spending is substantial and ambiguous, depending on different groups of economies.
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Tram, Thi Xuan Huong, and Nguyen Thi Thanh Hoai. "Effect of macroeconomic variables on systemic risk: Evidence from Vietnamese economy." Economics and Business Letters 10, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/ebl.10.3.2021.217-228.
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This paper aims to find out the relationship between systemic risk in Vietnam and the effects of macroeconomic factors, including exchange rate, interest rates, and economic growth. We collect data from the Vietnamese stock market, specifically 29 listed financial firms (banks, insurance companies, and securities firms) for the period 2010-2018. The analysis is performed in two steps including systematic risk measurement in Vietnam based on the Systemic Expected Shortfall (SES) method and providing evidence from analysis related to the risk determinants assessment. Besides ordinary least squares (OLS) methods, we make use of fixed-effects (FEM) estimations, random-effects (REM) estimations, and system generalized method of moments (SGMM). The empirical evidence in this paper indicates that economic growth has a negative relationship on systemic risk in Vietnam while the exchange rate has a positive impact on systemic risk, and the interest rate has a negative relationship on systemic risk in Vietnam. Future studies can address the effects of interest rate on systemic risk during this period.
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Ezeaku, Hillary Chijindu, Ifeoma C. Nwakoby, Obiamaka P. Egbo, and Josaphat U. J. Onwumere. "On the Dynamic Effect of Bilateral Concessional Debts on Living Standards in Sub-Saharan Africa." SAGE Open 9, no. 3 (July 2019): 215824401987787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019877879.
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This article assesses the effectiveness of bilateral concessional debts on living standards in 29 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1999-2017 using the system generalized method of moments (SGMM). The SGMM linear estimate is based on a two-step procedure, which controls for heteroscedasticity. The results provide evidence that bilateral concessional debts had positive and significant impact on living standards as proxied by the human development index (HDI) within the period. It is observed that 1% change in bilateral concessional debts is associated with about 8.4% improvement in living standards. Gross domestic savings are positively and significantly related to living standards and account for 3.1% increase in living standards. However, gross domestic investment and population growth exerted a negative influence on living standards during the period, whereas a 1% increase in gross domestic investment and population led to approximately 1.40% and 1.63% decline in living standards in the region, respectively. We therefore conclude that, although bilateral concessional debts have yielded the desired effect on living standards in the SSA, there is need for improvements in aid effectiveness. Thus, improved donor effort and collaboration with beneficiary governments in determining development needs and priorities in the region is critical.
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Majeed, Muhammad Tariq, and Anwar Shah. "An Empirical Analysis of Economic Performance of Asian Economies: The Role of Electronic Government." Review of Economics and Development Studies 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/reads.v4i1.284.
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Information and communication technology (ICT) plays a key role in explaining the growth patterns of an economy. Many of Asian economies have exhibited high growth patterns in recent years. What explains economic performance of Asian economies? Does implementation of ICT in public sector matters for the growth of Asian economies? To answer this question, this study analytically explores and empirically tests the linkages of ICT in public sector with economic performance reusing the panel data of 34 Asian economies over the period 2003-2015. For empirical analysis, this study uses Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) estimation techniques. The empirical results show that e-government plays a positive and significant role in economic performance of the Asian economies. This finding remains robust even after controlling the effects of trade, government consumption and inflation.
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Ogundipe, Adeyemi. "Commodity price volatility and economic growth in Africa: the mitigating role of trade policy." Problems and Perspectives in Management 18, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.18(3).2020.29.
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The extreme volatile behavior of Africa’s output and consumption is strongly related to the extent of exposure to external shocks in its trade earnings. The volatility of export earnings inherent in African economies depicts trade and export structure not diversified, and the need for development managers in easing the over-arching dependence on commodity exports earnings as a major source of budget financing. This study investigates the effect of commodity price volatility on real GDP using a longitudinal data covering fifty-three African commodity-dependent countries for the period 1970–2017. The theoretical framework is premised on the neoclassical growth model, and the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) estimation technique was adopted. The results from the estimation procedure indicate a negative contemporaneous relationship between commodity price volatility and growth. However, the intervention of policy instruments such as contrasting openness degree signals short-run relief for commodity export-dependent economies, as trade policy mitigates the adverse effect of commodity price volatility on growth.
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ANWAR, MUHAMMAD AWAIS, NOMAN ARSHED, and MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM SAEED. "Domestic Terrorism, Investment and Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Countries." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-20.
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The main objective of the study is to empirically examine the relationship between domestic terrorism, investment and economic growth. The study finds the implication of domestic terrorism on investment and growth among 26 Muslim and 14 Christian developing countries. Data regarding the incidence of terrorism are obtained from Global Terrorism Database (2015). While, economic data are obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI, 2015). The data on external and internal conflict have been extracted from Global Conflict Risk Index (GCRI, 2015) for the time period 1990-2015. Ordinary least square (OLS), feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and system generalized method of moment (SGMM) approaches were applied to ensure robust results with different specification of models by using dummy variable. The value of Dummy variable is 1, if country is Muslim otherwise 0. For all specifications, it is confirmed that increase in domestic terrorism will decrease the level of investment directly, but the percentage decrease in investment due to terrorism is high among Muslim as compared to Christian developing economies. The results indicate the public policy efforts to mitigate the loss of private investment which can be done initially by public investments to ensure public safety. Keywords: OLS, FGLS, SGMM, Domestic Terrorism, Muslim and Christian Developing Countries.
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Smriti, Neha, and Niladri Das. "The impact of intellectual capital on firm performance: a study of Indian firms listed in COSPI." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 5 (October 8, 2018): 935–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-11-2017-0156.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of intellectual capital (IC) on financial performance (FP) for Indian companies listed on the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Overall Share Price Index (COSPI). Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were developed according to theories and literature review. Secondary data were collected from Indian companies listed on the COSPI between 2001 and 2016, and the value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) of Pulic (2000) was used to measure IC and its components. A dynamic system generalized method of moments (SGMM) estimator was employed to identify the variables that significantly contribute to firm performance. Findings Indian listed firms appear to be performing well and efficiently utilizing their IC. Overall, human capital had a major impact on firm productivity during the study period. Furthermore, the empirical analysis showed that structural capital efficiency and capital employed efficiency were equally important contributors to firm’s sales growth and market value. The growing importance of the contribution of IC to value creation was consistently reflected in the FP of these Indian companies. Practical implications This study has robust theoretical grounds and employs a validated methodology. The present study extends knowledge of IC among academicians and managers and highlights its contribution to value creation. The findings may help stakeholders and policymakers in developing countries properly reallocate intellectual resources. Originality/value This study is the first study to evaluate IC and its relationship with traditional measures of firm performance among Indian listed firms using dynamic SGMM and VAIC models.
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Akinbode, Sakiru Oladele, Adewale Oladapo Dipeolu, Tobi Michael Bolarinwa, and Oladayo Babaseun Olukowi. "Effect of health outcome on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa: a system generalized method of moment approach." Journal of Economics and Development 23, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jed-06-2020-0078.
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PurposeSome progress have been made over time in improving health conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There are, however, contradicting reports on the relationship between health outcomes and economic growth in the region. The paper aimed at assessing the effect of health outcome on economic growth in SSA.Design/methodology/approachData for 41 countries from 2000 to 2018 were obtained from WDI and WGI and analyzed using system generalized method of moment (sGMM) which is appropriate for the present scenario. AR(1) and AR(2) tests were used to assess the validity of the model while Sargan and Hansen tests were adopted to examine the validity of the instrumental variables. The robustness of the estimation was confirmed using the pooled OLS and fixed effect regression.FindingsHealth outcome (proxied by life expectancy), lagged GDP per capita, capital formation, labor force (LF), health expenditure (HE), foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness (TOP) significantly affected economic growth emphasizing the importance of health in the process of economic growth in the region. AR(1) and AR(2) tests for serial correlation and Sargan/Hansen tests confirmed the validity of the estimated model and the instrumental variables respectively. Robustness of the GMM results was established from the pooled OLS and the fixed effect model results.Social implicationsImprovement in the national health system possibly through the widespread adoption of National Health Insurance, increase government spending on healthcare alongside increased beneficial trade and ease of doing business to facilitate investment were recommended to enhance.Originality/valueThe study used up-to-date data with appropriate methodology.
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AYENAGBO, Kossi. "The Role of Financial Globalization through FDI in Driving Inequality in the Sub-Saharan Region." Applied Economics and Finance 8, no. 5 (September 3, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v8i5.5342.
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This paper examines the relationship between globalization and income inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Globalization is here measured using trade variables like the openness rate (TO), financial variables including FDI while income inequality is measured by the GINI coefficient. This was achieved by using data from 26 countries over the period 2005-2014, using the System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) estimator to obtain results from the African context. The results suggested that trade openness exerted an equalizing effect while financial globalization through FDI has been the critical factor driving inequality in the SSA since 2005. The results also showed that outside of FDI, corruption contributes greatly to widening inequality by about 3%. The effect of the other control variables was all together insignificant. The prevailing economic status as portrayed following on the back of the 2008 financial crisis has led to an increase in inequalities in SSA countries. These results are robust to the using of the KOF Globalization index. Through this research, governments and policymakers have to introduce robust and appropriate policies and interventions in their drive for economic growth to decisively deal with corruption and so direct FDI to economically sound targeted priority programs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "System Generalized Method of Moments (sGMM)"
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Louis, Maryse. "Migration-development nexus : macro and micro empirical evidence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1084/document.
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Cette thèse examine la relation complexe et la causalité entre la migration et le développement, sujet d'actualité vus les flux croissants de migrants et les transferts de fonds privés. La revue de la littérature théorique et empirique montre la complexité de cette relation, et l’absence de consensus dégagé par les travaux menés sur les causes et les effets de la migration sur le développement. Sur les causes de migration, une première estimation empirique montre qu’elle fait partie intégrante du processus de développement et n’est donc pas une simple conséquence de faibles niveaux de développement: le niveau de développement des pays d'origine s’accroissant, les aspirations et les capabilités des populations augmentent et si celles-ci font face à l'absence d’opportunités, elles vont migrer à condition d’en avoir les capabilités (compétences requises, moyens financiers, politiques de migration, etc.). Concernant l’impact de la migration, une deuxième estimation empirique montre un effet positif sur le développement via les transferts privés. Les modèles indiquent que leur contribution se fait à travers deux principaux canaux, l'investissement en capital et le capital humain (éducation et santé), lesquels sont susceptibles de permettre un développement à long terme des pays d'origine. Au niveau micro, une troisième série de modèles étudie le mécanisme de cet impact au niveau de ménages, à partir du cas de l'Egypte. Ces modèles confirment l'importance des transferts privés sur les niveaux d'éducation et de santé dans les ménages qui les reçoivent. Ces résultats sont censés contribuer à la compréhension de cette relation complexe entre migration et développementThis thesis is concerned with the causal and complex relation between migration and development. A timely subject, especially with increasing flows of migrants and the remittances these migrants send home. Both the theoretical and empirical literature reviews address the complexity of this relation but consensuses on the causes and impacts of migration on development are generally inconclusive. On the causes of migration, our first empirical estimation shows that migration is part of the development process and not a simple result of its low levels: the increasing development level of the home countries increase the aspirations and capabilities of their populations and if these are faced with lack of opportunities at home, individuals seek migration provided they have the right capabilities (skills required, financial means, migration policies, etc.). On the impact of migration, our second empirical estimation gives evidence of a positive impact through remittances on the development of the home countries. The models show the positive contributions of remittances towards development through two main channels: capital investment and human capital (education and health). These two channels are believed to achieve long-term development of the home countries. At the micro level, we look at the mechanism of this impact at the household level, addressing the case study of Egypt. Our third models give evidence of the importance of these remittances in increasing both education and health status of the recipients’ households’. These findings are believed to make a contribution towards the understanding of this complex relation between migration and development
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Otunuga, Olusegun Michael. "Stochastic Modeling and Analysis of Energy Commodity Spot Price Processes." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5289.
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Supply and demand in the World oil market are balanced through responses to price movement with considerable complexity in the evolution of underlying supply-demand
expectation process. In order to be able to understand the price balancing process, it is important to know the economic forces and the behavior of energy commodity spot price processes. The relationship between the different energy sources and its utility together with uncertainty also play a role in many important energy issues.
The qualitative and quantitative behavior of energy commodities in which the trend in price of one commodity coincides with the trend in price of other commodities, have always raised the questions regarding their interactions.
Moreover, if there is any interaction, then one would like to know the extent of influence on each other.
In this work, we undertake the study to shed a light on the above highlighted processes and issues. The presented study systematically deals with the development of stochastic dynamic models and mathematical, statistical and computational analysis of energy commodity spot price and interaction processes.
Below we list the main components of the research carried out in this dissertation.
(1) Employing basic economic principles, interconnected deterministic and stochastic models of linear log-spot and expected log-spot price processes coupled with non-linear volatility process are initiated. (2) Closed form solutions of the models are analyzed.
(3) Introducing a change of probability measure, a risk-neutral interconnected stochastic model is derived.
(4) Furthermore, under the risk-neutral measure, expectation of the square of volatility is reduced to a continuous-time deterministic delay differential equation. (5) The by-product of this exhibits the hereditary effects on the mean-square volatility process.
(6) Using a numerical scheme, a time-series model is developed and utilized to estimate the state and parameters of the dynamic model.
In fact, the developed time-series model includes the extended GARCH model as special case.
(7) Using the Henry Hub natural gas data set, the usefulness of the linear interconnected stochastic models is outlined.
(8) Using natural and basic economic ideas, interconnected deterministic and stochastic models in (1) are extended to non-linear log-spot price, expected log-spot price and volatility processes. (9) The presented extended models are validated. (10) Closed form solution and risk-neutral models of (8) are outlined.
(11) To exhibit the usefulness of the non-linear interconnected stochastic model, to increase the efficiency and to reduce the magnitude of error, it was essential to develop a modified version of extended Kalman filtering approach.
The modified approach exhibits the reduction of magnitude of error.
Furthermore, Henry Hub natural gas data set is used to show the advantages of the non-linear interconnected stochastic model.
(12) Parameter and state estimation problems of continuous time non-linear stochastic dynamic process is motivated to initiate an alternative innovative approach. This led to introduce the concept of statistic processes, namely, local sample mean and sample variance. (13) Then it led to the development of an interconnected discrete-time dynamic system of local statistic processes and (14) its mathematical model. (15) This paved the way for developing an innovative approach referred as Local Lagged adapted Generalized Method of Moments (LLGMM). This approach exhibits the balance between model specification and model prescription of continuous time dynamic processes. (16) In addition, it motivated to initiate conceptual computational state and parameter estimation and simulation schemes that generates a mean square sub-optimal procedure. (17) The usefulness of this approach is illustrated by applying this technique to four energy commodity data sets, the U. S. Treasury Bill Yield Interest Rate and the U.S. Eurocurrency Exchange Rate data sets for state and parameter estimation problems. (18) Moreover, the forecasting and confidence-interval problems are also investigated.
(19) The non-linear interconnected stochastic model (8) was further extended to multivariate interconnected energy commodities and sources with and without external random intervention processes. (20) Moreover, it was essential to extend the interconnected discrete-time dynamic system of local sample mean and variance processes to multivariate discrete-time dynamic system. (21) Extending the LLGMM approach in (15) to a multivariate interconnected stochastic dynamic model under intervention process, the parameters in the multivariate interconnected stochastic model are estimated. These estimated parameters help in analyzing the short term and long term relationship between the energy commodities. These developed results are applied to the Henry Hub natural gas, crude oil and coal data sets.
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Naylor, Guilherme Lima. "O impacto das instituições na renda dos países : uma abordagem dinâmica para dados em painel." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21704.
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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e PrevisãoAs diferenças nos níveis de renda entre os países vêm sendo estudadas há muito tempo na economia. O capital humano, a produtividade, as instituições e outros fatores foram tidos como determinantes para as discrepâncias verificadas. Este trabalho segue a linha institucionalista ao procurar medir e relacionar o modo como as instituições impactam o nível de renda dos países.Primeiro, faz-se necessário rever brevemente a literatura sobre os modelos de crescimento econômico. Posteriormente, delimita-se o conceito de instituição e descreve-se seu processo de evolução ao longo do tempo. Esse preâmbulo é importante, pois fornece base teórica para os modelos econométricos estimados, que visam a medir os efeitos de diferentes características das instituições sobre o nível de renda dos países. O método escolhido para a análise é a estimação de modelos dinâmicos, por meio da abordagem do estimador do Método dos Momentos Generalizados de Sistema de Blundell e Bond.
Differences in income levels between countries have long been studied in economics. Human capital, productivity, institutions and other factors were taken as determinants for the discrepancies found. This work follows the institutionalist line in seeking to measure and relate how institutions impact the income level of countries.First, it is necessary to briefly review the literature on economic growth models. Subsequently, the concept of institution is delimited and its evolution process over time is descripted. This preamble is important because it provides a theoretical basis for the estimated econometric models, which aim to measure the effects of different characteristics of institutions on the income level of countries. The method chosen for the analysis is the estimation of dynamic models, using the Blundell & Bond Generalized Method of Moments System estimator approach.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Mahembe, Edmore. "Development aid and its impact on poverty reduction in developing countries : a dynamic panel data approach." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26490.
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Foreign aid has been used on the one hand by donors as an important international relations
policy tool and on the other hand by developing countries as a source of funds for development.
Since its inception in the 1940s, foreign aid has been one of the most researched topics in
development economics. This study adds to this growing aid effectiveness literature, with a
particular focus on the under-researched relationship between foreign aid and extreme poverty.
The main empirical assessment is based on a sample of 120 developing countries from 1981 to
2013. The study had two main objectives, namely: (i) to estimate the impact of foreign aid on
poverty reduction and (ii) to examine the direction of causality between foreign aid and poverty
in developing countries. From these two broad objectives, there are six specific objectives,
which include to: (i) examine the overall impact of foreign aid (total official development
assistance) on extreme poverty, (ii) investigate the impact of different proxies of foreign aid on
the three proxies of extreme poverty, (iii) assess whether political freedom (democracy) or
economic freedom enhances the effectiveness of foreign aid, (iv) compare the impact of foreign
aid on extreme poverty by developing country income groups, and (v) examine the direction
of causality between extreme poverty and foreign aid. To achieve these objectives, the study
employed two main dynamic panel data econometric estimation methods, namely the systemgeneralised
method of moments (SGMM) technique and the panel vector error correction
model (VECM) Granger causality framework. While the SGMM was used to assess the impact
of foreign aid on extreme poverty, the panel VECM Granger causality was used to examine the
direction of causality between foreign aid poverty. The SGMM was used because of its ability
to deal with endogeneity by controlling for simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity,
whereas the panel VECM was preferred because the variables were stationary and cointegrated.Economics
D. Phil. (Economics)
Book chapters on the topic "System Generalized Method of Moments (sGMM)"
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Anetor, Friday Osemenshan, Simeon Oludiran Akinleye, and Folorunso Sunday Ayadi. "Exploring the Role of Local Financial Markets in the Portfolio Investment-Growth Nexus." In Advanced Perspectives on Global Industry Transitions and Business Opportunities, 175–88. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4303-0.ch009.
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In recent times, foreign portfolio investment inflows have been considered pivotal to sub-Saharan Africa's growth (SSA) as they help enhance liquidity and make a substantial fund available for investment. However, some scholars have stressed that the sustainable inflows of portfolio investments and their impact on growth depend on the extent to which the recipient country can develop its local financial markets. As a result, this chapter aims to determine the moderating role of local financial markets in facilitating the effects of portfolio investments on economic growth in 28 SSA between the period 1995-2018. The study employed the system generalized method of moments (SGMM) and found that portfolio investments positively and significantly impact economic growth. However, the study observes that the interaction between portfolio investments and financial market development is negative and significant, presupposing that the relationship between portfolio investment and economic growth is not contingent on local financial markets.
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Kamiński, Marcin, and Rafał Leszek Ossowski. "Reaction-Diffusion Problems with Stochastic Parameters Using the Generalized Stochastic Finite Difference Method." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 205–16. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4991-0.ch010.
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The main aim of this work is to demonstrate the new stochastic discrete computational methodology consisting of the generalized stochastic perturbation technique and of the classical Finite Difference Method for the regular grids to model reaction-diffusion problems with random time series. The generalized stochastic perturbation approach is based on the given order Taylor expansion of all random variables. A numerical algorithm is implemented here using the Direct Differentiation Method of the reaction-diffusion equation with respect to the height of a channel in 1D problem; further symbolic determination of the probabilistic moments and characteristics is completed by the computer algebra system MAPLE, v. 14. Computational illustration attached proves that it is possible to determine using this approach up to the fourth order probabilistic moments and coefficients as well as to consider time series with random coefficients for any dispersion of the input variables. Stochastic fluctuations of the input uncertainty source are defined here as the power time series with Gaussian random coefficients having given first two moments.
Conference papers on the topic "System Generalized Method of Moments (sGMM)"
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Shi, Jinhua, Granson Lee, David Blythe, John Buckland, Yuebao Lei, and Timothy Soanes. "Stress Predictions at Elbow Ends Under Internal Pressure and System Moments." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25055.
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In order to assess postulated defects in the butt weld joining a 90 degree elbow to a seamless straight pipe, both axial and hoop stress components at this position are required. ASME III NB-3685 provides a method of calculating elbow stresses. However, this gives the maximum stress values in the elbow and applies to the central section of the bend. If these values are directly used in the defect assessments of welds at the ends of the elbow, the assessment results will be overly conservative. In order to obtain appropriate defect assessment results, more accurate axial and hoop stress distributions at the elbow ends are desirable. In this paper, the axial and hoop stress distributions at the elbow ends are predicted by deriving generalized stress relationships between the elbow end and the central section of the elbow, based on detailed finite element analyses and ASME III NB-3685 calculations. In order to do so, a series of small displacement elastic 3D finite element analyses have been performed. The finite element results were then compared with the ASME III NB-3685 stress predictions. Finally, the axial and hoop stress relationships between the elbow end and the central section of the elbow for internal pressure, in-plane moment and out-of-plane moment were derived. A comparison of the calculated stress values using the derived equations, the finite element analysis results and the ASME III NB-3685 stress calculations confirms that the derived stress relationships are appropriate to predict the axial and hoop stresses at the elbow ends. The objective of this paper is to show: 1) the ASME III NB-3685 stress calculations agree well with the 3D finite element analysis results at the central section of the elbow and 2) the derived stress relationships are appropriate to predict the axial and hoop stresses at the elbow ends.
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Ren, H., and W. D. Zhu. "An Accurate Spatial Discretization and Substructural Method With Application to Moving Elevator Cable-Car Systems: Part I—Methodology." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48549.
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A spatial discretization and substructure method is developed to calculate the dynamic responses of one-dimensional systems, which consist of length-variant distributed-parameter components such as strings, rods, and beams, and lumped-parameter components such as point masses and rigid bodies. The dependent variable, such as the displacement, of a distributed-parameter component is decomposed into boundary-induced terms and internal terms. The boundary-induced terms are interpolated from the boundary motions, and the internal terms are approximated by an expansion of trial functions that satisfy the corresponding homogeneous boundary conditions. All the matching conditions at the interfaces of the components are satisfied, and the expansions of the dependent variables of the distributed-parameter components absolutely and uniformly converge. The spatial derivatives of the dependent variables, which are related to the internal forces/moments, such as the axial forces, bending moments, and shear forces, can be accurately calculated. Assembling the component equations and the geometric matching conditions that arise from the continuity relations leads to a system of differential algebraic equations (DAEs). When some matching conditions are linear algebraic equations, some generalized coordinates can be represented by others so that the number of the generalized coordinates can be reduced. The methodology is applied to moving elevator cable-car systems in Part II of this work.
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Karakaya, Aykut, Seymur Ağazade, and Selçuk Perçin. "The Relationship between Performance, Innovation and Competition in Turkish Manufacturing Industry." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01407.
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The relationship between performance and innovation is covered most extensively in neoclassical economic theory and Schumpeterian approach. These two approaches explain the relationship between innovation and performance in different ways. The neoclassical theory predicts that innovation emerges in competitive markets while Schumpeterian approach predicts it will emerge in imperfect competitive markets. Using data for the period 2008-2013, this study investigates the relationship between innovation and competition level in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Data analyzing method is Two-Step System Generalized Moments of Method. Performance variables of the study are net profit margin, return on assets and return on equity. R&D intensity is innovation indicator. Industrial competition level is measured by Herfindahl-Hirsckman Index. The results of Two-Step System Generalized Method of Moments analysis show that R&D intensity affects positively performance variables in contrast one lag of R&D effects negatively. Furthermore, competition intensity also improves performance. Positive coefficient of R&D variable supports the view of innovation has the characteristics of providing competitive advantage. The negative coefficient of R&D lag indicates the problems related to the protection of intellectual property right. This finding can be interpreted that innovation operations are imitated approximately after a period. The positive effect of competition intensity supports the prediction of Schumpeterian approach.
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Zhang, Hongbo, Hongchun Wu, and Liangzhi Cao. "Acceleration Technique Using Krylov Subspace Methods for 2D Arbitrary Geometry Characteristics Solver." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29420.
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The Generalized Minimal RESidual (GMRES) method, which is a widely-used version of Krylov subspace methods for solving large sparse non-symmetric linear systems, is adopted to accelerate the 2D arbitrary geometry characteristics solver AutoMOC. In this technique, a formulism of linear algebraic equation system for angular flux moments and boundary fluxes is derived as an alternative to traditional characteristics sweep (i.e. inner iteration) formalism, and then the GMRES method is implemented as an efficient linear system solver. Several numerical results demonstrate that the acceleration technique based on Krylov subspace methods can be applied to arbitrary geometry MOC solver successfully, and may obtain higher efficiency than the original characteristics solver does because of its spectacular effect on reducing both the number of outer iterations and the total computing time. Moreover, the results could be improved by Lyusternik-Wagner extrapolation technique in some cases.
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Elghannay, Husam A., and Danesh K. Tafti. "DEM Predictions of NETL Small Scale Challenge Problem." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21032.
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The Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupled to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to predict dense fluid-particle system in a blind study using the in-house code GenIDLEST (Generalized Incompressible Direct and Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulence). The experimental measurements were performed at the Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) at three different superficial velocities in a 0.076m×0.23m×1.22m bubbling fluidized bed with 3.26 mm Nylon beads. Experimental measurements include the mean and rms of pressure drop between specific locations, the first four moments of solid velocity components, and time series of pressure drop at selected locations in the bed. The predictions capture the trends in the change in bed hydrodynamics with an increase in the superficial velocity. While good qualitative agreement is found with experiments, quantitative agreement is fair. Factors that might cause deviations in predictions are discussed.
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Gupta, T. C., and K. Gupta. "Correlation of Parameters to Instability and Chaos of a Horizontal Flexible Rotor Ball Bearing System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95308.
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The higher order effects from ball bearing nonlinearities cause complex vibration characteristics in rotor ball bearing systems. The sources of nonlinearities are internal radial clearance, Hertzian contact forces between balls and races and varying compliance effect. The same authors in their earlier work have identified the sets of parameters corresponding to instability and chaos for a horizontal flexible rotor supported on deep groove ball bearing. To the best of author’s knowledge, there is not much work reported in the literature on the dynamic analysis for instability and chaos, which is based on energy functions and bearing loads. Extending the preceding research work in the present paper by using a typical set of parameters and specifications of rotor ball bearing system, a correlation of parameters to instability and chaos is attempted using different energy functions associated with the dynamical system. A generalized Timoshenko beam finite element formulation is used to model the flexible rotor shaft. To achieve the convergence of solution with smaller number of elements, shape functions are derived from the exact solutions of governing differential equations of Timoshenko beam element. The sources of excitation are rotating unbalance and parametric excitation due to varying compliance of ball bearing during motion. For the bearing used in the present paper, the ratio of these excitation frequencies comes out to be an irrational number. Therefore, the dynamic response would be quasi-periodic with time period equal to infinity. To extend the use of non-autonomous shooting method to derive quasi-periodic solution, the fixed point algorithm (FPA) proposed in the literature is used to deduce the time period for non-autonomous shooting algorithm. The shooting method otherwise is used only to derive periodic solutions. Thus the non-autonomous shooting method coupled with fixed point algorithm (FPA) is used to compute the quasi-periodic solution, which also gives the monodromy matrix. The eigenvalues of the monodromy matrix, called Floqoet multipliers, give information about instability. The chaotic nature of the dynamic response is established by the maximum value of Lyapunov exponent. Once the instability and chaos is confirmed based on computed values of Floquet multipliers and Lyapunov exponents, the nature of the work done (positive or negative) by different conservative and non-conservative forces and moments during motion are analyzed and the fundamental causes, which make the system response unstable and / or chaotic, are established.
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Bagci, Cemil, and Siva K. Rajavenkateswaran. "Dynamic Response of Multi-Cylinder Engines As Spatial Elastic Linkage Systems." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/mech-1183.
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Abstract Dynamics of multi-cylinder engines have been performed by the conventional methods using lumped pure torsional systems. This article offers a finite element method of performing elastodynamic analysis of multi-cylinder engines considering them as spatial linkage systems with true spatial geometries of the crankshaft and the linkage loops. An engine can have any number of cylinders with linear offsets and angular orientations relative to each other. A three-dimensional finite-line element with isoparametric joint irregularity freedoms is developed and used. Consistent or lumped mass systems can be used. Elastodynamics of engines is considered in two forms: (a) kinetoelastostatics (KES) where all forces and torques acting on the system are considered except the vibratory motion effect; (b) kinetoelastodynamics (KED) where the forced and damped equations of motion of the system are solved. Matrix exponential method of solving equations of KED motions are presented and used. It is proven to be a very efficient and stable technique for the solutions of large systems of linear and nonlinear differential equations of any order. After solving for the generalized coordinates, time histories of the neutral coordinate displacements, forces, moments, stresses, bearing forces, and generated torque are determined for as many work cycles as desired. A generalized computer program performing KED and KES studies of any multi-cylinder engine is made available for industrial use. KED and KES analyses of a four-cylinder automobile engine are performed.
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Perçin, Selçuk, Aykut Karakaya, and Seymur Ağazade. "The Relationship between Export and Innovation in Turkish Manufacturing Industry." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01408.
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Posner’s (1961) “technological gap theory” and Vernon’s (1966) “product life cycle theory” predicts that innovation causes market power and facilitates export. In other side export encourages firms and provides more affirmative environment for innovative processes. These theoretical approaches have different predictions regarding the direction of causality between export and innovation. Using Two-Step System Generalized Moments of Method this study investigates causality relationship between export intensity and R&D intensity for the period 2008-2013 in Turkish Manufacturing Industry. Causality relationship was modeled within two different equations and analyzed by Wald Test. First equation models export intensity as function of R&D intensity and real exchange rate. In the second equation R&D intensity estimated as a function of export intensity and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index as competition variable. Causality test results show that there is unidirectional causal relationship from R&D intensity to export intensity. This finding supports the predictions of Posner’s (1961) “technological gap theory” and Vernon’s (1966) “product life cycle theory” related to the innovation and export relationship in Turkish Manufacturing Industry.