Dissertations / Theses: 'System GMM'

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Grilo, Pedro Miguel Esperança. "Labor adjustment dynamics: An application of system GMM." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10080.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics This paper reviews how adjustment costs and rigid labor legislation affect input factor adjustment throughout the business cycle. Estimates of adjustment speed of different types of labor are provided and their causes and consequences discussed.

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Silva, Laércio Damiane Cerqueira da. "A relação entre os gastos públicos e o crescimento econômico: uma análise para os municípios paraibanos no período 2000-2008." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4978.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1952283 bytes, checksum: 5a9f80c58d2a69a976645012d5d1ff8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-14 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico This paper aims to explain the theme of public spending and its relationship with economic growth, bringing a literature review national, international and an analysis of the influence of certain expenditures by function on economic growth in municipalities from Paraiba. Such expenses would be with: Assistance and Social Welfare, Health and Sanitation, Education and Culture, Public Safety, Housing and Urban Development, Legislative, Administration and Planning. For this analysis, we used panel data from a sample of 212 of the 223 municipalities from Paraíba between 2000 and 2008, a dynamic approach by Generalized Method of Moments-System (System-GMM) proposed by Arellano and Bond (1991), Arellano and Bover (1995) and developed by Blundell and Bond (1998). And as a theoretical model, we adopted an extension of the production function of Barro (1990). The proxy for the stock of physical capital is the consumption of electricity for industrial and commercial city of Paraiba, whereas the stock of human capital was created by counting the number of people with eight years of study, plus the flow of conclusive primary education by municipality and also the number of people aged 12 or more of study, along with the flow conclusive school each year by the municipality from Paraíba. To achieve the proposed objective, the study tried to find out what is the relationship between public spending and economic growth of municipalities from Paraíba. Overall, the results corroborate the literature, the point at which government spending influence the product formation and public investment in physical capital and human capital can raise the productivity of the economy. The results show that only the capital human measured by elementary school, was also relevant for the growth of municipalities from Paraíba and the impact is greater than this physical capital. Spending on Public Safety, Welfare and Pension Plan, Planning and Administration and bear no relation to the product. Legislative expenses had the highest elasticity product, while spending on Education and Culture, Health and Sanitation, and Housing and Urban Development have low elasticity products, thus influencing modest economic growth. O presente trabalho tem o intuito de explanar o tema dos gastos públicos e sua relação com o crescimento econômico, trazendo uma revisão da literatura nacional, da internacional e uma análise da influência de algumas despesas por função sobre o crescimento econômico nos municípios paraibanos. Tais despesas seriam com: Assistência e Previdência Social, Saúde e Saneamento, Educação e Cultura, Segurança Pública, Urbanismo e Habitação, Legislativo, Administração e Planejamento. Para essa análise, foram utilizados dados em painel de uma amostra de 212 dos 223 municípios paraibanos no período de 2000 a 2008, em uma abordagem dinâmica por Método dos Momentos Generalizado-Sistema (System-GMM), proposto por Arellano e Bond (1991), Arellano e Bover (1995) e desenvolvido por Blundell e Bond (1998). E como modelo teórico, adotou-se uma extensão da função de produção de Barro (1990). A proxy utilizada para o estoque de capital físico é o consumo de energia elétrica industrial e comercial por município paraibano; já o estoque de capital humano foi criado a partir da contagem do número de pessoas com 8 anos de estudo, somado ao fluxo de concludentes do ensino fundamental por município, também, o número de pessoas com 12 anos ou mais de estudo, somado ao fluxo de concludentes do ensino médio a cada ano, por município paraibano. Para a consecução do objetivo proposto, no presente trabalho tentou-se encontrar para os municípios paraibanos, qual a relação entre as despesas públicas e o seu crescimento econômico (PIB per capita municipal). Em termos gerais, os resultados corroboram com a literatura, no ponto em que os gastos públicos influenciam na formação do produto, e investimentos públicos em Capital Físico e Capital Humano podem elevar a produtividade da economia. Os resultados mostram que, apenas o Capital Humano, medido pelo ensino fundamental, se mostrou relevante para o crescimento dos municípios paraibanos e que o impacto deste é maior do que o Capital Físico. Os gastos com Segurança Pública, Assistência e Previdência, e Administração e Planejamento não apresentam relação com o produto. As despesas com Legislativo apresentaram a maior elasticidade-produto, enquanto que os gastos com Educação e Cultura, Saúde e Saneamento, e Habitação e Urbanismo têm baixa elasticidade-produto, influenciando de forma modesta o crescimento econômico.

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Morais, Filipe Manuel de Almeida. "Taxas de juro implícitas e situação financeira das empresas portuguesas: uma análise empírica." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2833.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira Este trabalho procura investigar a relação existente entre a situação financeira das empresas portuguesas e os seus custos de financiamento, utilizando-se para tal informação detalhada a nível microeconómico relativa a estes agentes económicos. Esta informação foi obtida a partir de um painel de dados composto por mais de 30.000 empresas não financeiras portuguesas, que integram a Central de Balanços do Banco de Portugal. De modo a garantir a obtenção de resultados fiáveis procurou-se aplicar uma metodologia econométrica relativamente recente, o system GMM, que permite explorar de forma dinâmica a informação contida em dados de painel. Os resultados apresentados confirmam a existência, em Portugal, de uma relação inversa entre a situação financeira das empresas e o seu custo de financiamento, avaliado por uma taxa de juro implícita estimada neste trabalho. Isto é consistente com a hipótese subjacente à teoria do acelerador financeiro, que sugere que melhorias na saúde financeira da empresa implicam uma diminuição no seu custo de financiamento. This work intends to evaluate the relationship between the financial situation of Portuguese firms and their funding costs. In order to achieve such objective, we used detailed information on these economic agents at the micro level. This information was based on a panel dataset comprising more than 30.000 non-financial Portuguese firms, which is part of the Central Balance-Sheet Database held by Banco de Portugal. With the aim of obtaining sound and reliable empirical results, we applied a relatively recent econometric methodology, usually known as system GMM. Such technique makes possible the dynamic analysis of the information contained within panel datasets. The results obtained confirm the existence, in Portugal, of an inverse relation between firms' financial situation and their funding costs, measured by our estimates of an implicit interest rate. This result is consistent with the hypothesis underlying the financial accelerator theory, which suggests that improvements in firms' financial health imply a decrease in their funding costs.

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Lundmark, Albin, and Emma Roxström. "Urbanization and economic freedom - are they threats to air quality? : Evidence from a panel study of low and lower-middle-income countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435088.

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Air pollution (in terms of PM2.5) is severe in developing countries, and the rapid population growth accompanied by urbanization may limit their potential economic development. This paper aims to investigate if urbanization and economic freedom cause higher levels of PM2.5 in developing countries. By measuring the potential effect of economic freedom on PM2.5 with the Ease of Doing Business-score by the World Bank, a new measure is introduced to the research on socioeconomic factors’ influence on air pollution. It is done by running both fixed effects- and system GMM regressions on a panel consisting of 63 low- and lower-middle-income economies between 2010-2017. The results indicate that PM2.5 is insensitive to changes in both variables and that urbanization’s effect on PM2.5 depends on the level of economic freedom and vice versa. However, both estimators may suffer from bias, and thus, the real relationship of urbanization and economic freedom on PM2.5 remains uncertain.

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Afonso, Lutcy Menezes. "Correcting for attrition in panel data using inverse probability weighting : an application to the european bank system." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8155.

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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e Previsão Esta dissertação analiza técnicas de correção do efeito do enviesamento que pode ocorrer no caso dos dados utilizados apresentarem valores em falta. Tais técnicas serão aplicadas a um modelo económico para caracterização da margem líquida de juros (MLJ) bancária, utilizando dados provinientes 15 países que pertencem ao sistema bancário da União Europeia (UE15). As variáveis que caracterizam os bancos são observados entre de 2004 e 2010. E são escolhidas seguindo Valverde et al. (2007). Adicionalmente aos regressores são acrescentadas algumas variáveis macroeconómicas. A seleção proviniente da falta de alguns valores para os regressores é tratada através da ponderação probabilistica inversa. Os ponderadores são aplicados a estimadores GMM para um modelo de dados de painel dinámico. This thesis discusses techniques to correct for the potentially biasing effects of missing data. We apply the techniques on an economic model that explains the Net Interest margin (NIM) of banks, using data from 15 countries that are part of the European Union (EU15) banking system. The variables that describe banks cover the period 2004 and 2010. We use the variables that were also used in Carbó-Valverde and Fernndez (2007). In addition, also macroeconomic variables are used as regressors. The selection that occurs as a consequence of missing values in these regressor variables is dealt with by means of Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) techniques. The weights are applied to a GMM estimator for a dynamic panel data model that would have been consistent in the absence of missing data.

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Oliveira, Marcel Ferreira de. "Dinâmica da produtividade: uma abordagem por meio de modelo de fatores dinâmicos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2015. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3135.

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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-01-09T16:22:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelferreiradeoliveira.pdf: 2312394 bytes, checksum: f33ded8f4be15a1631188b06f654c1a6 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-01-31T11:22:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelferreiradeoliveira.pdf: 2312394 bytes, checksum: f33ded8f4be15a1631188b06f654c1a6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T11:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelferreiradeoliveira.pdf: 2312394 bytes, checksum: f33ded8f4be15a1631188b06f654c1a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-11 O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar a dinâmica da produtividade total dos fatores (PTF) através de um modelo de fatores dinâmicos e verificar a importância do catch up e outros determinantes da PTF por meio do estimador do GMM Sistêmico, utilizando dados da Penn World Table 9.0 entre 1970 e 2014. Devido à existência de transbordamentos tecnológicos e comércio internacional, é esperado que existam variações comuns entre as produtividades de diferente países. Sendo assim, estimamos um modelo de fatores dinâmicos para as PTFs de um conjunto de países tecnologicamente avançados para capturar esses efeitos. Dessa estimativa fomos capazes de extrair seu fator comum e usá-la como proxy para PTF mundial. Isso nos permite incluir a tendência comum na regressão da PTF e estimar seus efeitos sobre a PTF. Nosso fator comum estimado reflete bem aos principais choques de produtividade que ocorreram no período e a sensibilidade de cada país com relação ao fator comum parece estar negativamente relacionada com o nível de desenvolvimento de cada país – essa correlação parece estar de acordo com o argumento de que há um efeito de catch up na produtividade: países mais distantes da fronteira têm crescimento maior por absorverem mais da tecnologia mundial. Além disso, nossas estimativas para o painel dinâmico estimado utilizando este fator estimado reforça esse resultado. The purpose of this dissertation is to study the global dynamics of total factor productivity (TFP) through a dynamic factors model and verify the importance of the catch up effect and other determinants of TFP through the System GMM estimator, using data from the Penn World Table 9.0 from 1970 to 2014. Because there’re technological spillovers and international trade, it would be expected to see the existence of common variations in the productivity of different countries. Therefore, we apply a dynamic factor model to these productivities and its growth rates in order to capture these effects. These estimates allow us to extract the common factor and use it as a proxy for the world TFP. It allows us to include the common trend in the dynamic equation in the TFP regression in order to estimate its effects on the TFP. Our estimated common factor captures well the main productivity shocks that occurred in the period, and the sensibility of each country to the common factor seems to be negatively related to its country level of technological development – this correlation is in accordance with the argument that there’s a catch up effect in productivity: countries more distant from the frontier have higher growth rates because there is more room to absorb from the global technology. Moreover, our estimates for the dynamic panel using this estimated factor reinforces this result.

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Souza, Gedir Silva de. "Incentivos fiscais e dispêndios com P&D&I: uma avaliação da aplicação da Lei do Bem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-17072017-160748/.

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O consenso entre os organismos internacionais de cooperação para o comércio e para o desenvolvimento econômico está em reconhecer na capacidade de inovar a principal fonte para a promoção da produtividade nas organizações. Parte do esforço brasileiro de construção e desenvolvimento de um sistema nacional de inovação constituiu-se na criação de programas de incentivos fiscais, como forma de fazer avançar os investimentos em Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação - P&D&I, provocando o setor privado a participar mais intensamente do processo de financiamento do desenvolvimento tecnológico. Uma década após a implementação do principal programa de incentivo fiscal à inovação no Brasil (Lei nº 11.196/05), é mister verificar se tais incentivos foram capazes de atingir os seus objetivos. A presente tese visa a avaliar: (i) qual a repercussão sobre os dispêndios com P&D&I da opção pela utilização dos incentivos fiscais concedidos pela Lei do Bem e (ii) quanto da renúncia fiscal, ou seja, dos créditos recebidos pelas empresas participantes deste programa, retornou em termos de investimentos em P&D&I ao longo do tempo. A metodologia empregada, propõe a estimação de um modelo empírico para os dispêndios em P&D&I, em que estes são explicados ora pela opção da empresa por utilizar os incentivos fiscais da Lei do Bem ora pela renúncia fiscal decorrente da utilização do mesmo programa, além de um conjunto de variáveis de controle associado às restrições de financiamento. Os testes estatísticos foram conduzidos para o agregado das companhias de capital aberto, registradas na BM&FBOVESPA em 2013, relativamente a seus desempenhos no período de 2008 a 2013. Os resultados, para dados em painel dinâmico, foram obtidos a partir do modelo GMM-System e apontam que a decisão de utilizar os incentivos fiscais da Lei do Bem está associada a um aumento nos dispêndios com P&D&I, ao longo do tempo. Assim sendo, para cada ponto percentual de aumento na propensão das companhias em optar pelo uso da Lei do Bem espera-se de 0,65 a 0,85 pontos percentuais de aumento em seus dispêndios com P&D&I. Por outro lado, o aumento de um ponto percentual na renúncia fiscal gera uma expectativa de aumento nos dispêndios com P&D&I das companhias, que pode variar de 0,26 a 0,40 pontos percentuais, ao longo do tempo The consensus among international cooperation agencies for trade and economic development lies in recognizing in the ability to innovate the main source for promoting productivity in organizations. The Brazilian effort of construction and development of a national innovation system constituted the creation of tax incentive programs as a way to advance investments in Research, Development & Innovation - R&D&I, causing the private sector to participate more intensely financing process of technological development. A decade after the implementation of major tax incentive program for innovation in Brazil (Law nº. 11.196/05), it is necessary to verify that such incentives were able to achieve their goals. The present thesis aims at evaluating: (i) the impact on R&D&I expenditures of the option to use the tax incentives granted by the \"Lei do Bem\" and (ii) how much of tax waiver, that is to say, of the credits received by companies participating in this program, has returned in terms of R&D&I investments over time. The methodology to be used proposes the estimation of an empirical model for R&D&I expenditure, which are explained either by the company\'s option to use tax incentives of the \"Lei do Bem\" or by tax credits obtained due to the use of tax incentives program, in addition to a set of control variables associated with financing constraints. The statistical tests were conducted to the group of publicly traded companies listed on the BM & FBOVESPA in 2013, for their performances in the period 2008 to 2013. The results for the dynamic panel data were obtained from the GMM-System model and indicate that the decision to use the \"Lei do Bem\" tax incentives is associated with an increase in R&D&I expenditures over time. So that for each percentage point of increase in the propensity of companies to opt for the use of the \"Lei do Bem\", 0.65 to 0.85 percentage points of increase in R&D&I expenditures is expected. On the other hand, the increase of one percentage point in the tax waiver generates an expectation of increase in the R&D&I expenses of the companies, which can vary from 0.26 to 0.40 percentage points, over time

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Gaies, Brahim. "Globalisation financière et croissance dans les pays en développement : mise en évidence des effets sur l’instabilité financière et l’instabilité monétaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100007/document.

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La présente thèse tente de savoir s’il est opportun pour les pays en développement les moins avancés de s’engager davantage dans le processus de globalisation financière pour promouvoir leur croissance, et si ce processus influence les effets des instabilités, financière et monétaire, sur cette dernière. A cette fin, la thèse se déroule en trois parties. Avant d’examiner le cadre théorique de la globalisation financière, la première partie esquisse sa genèse avec en arrière-fond la recherche d’une réponse au problème de sa régulation. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à la littérature sur les effets de la globalisation financière sur la croissance, afin d’en tirer les enseignements pour une étude de 72 pays en développement à revenu bas de 1972 à 2011. La troisième partie se focalise sur les impacts de la globalisation financière et des deux instabilités considérées isolément, puis en interaction avec la globalisation sur la croissance à travers deux études empiriques basées sur le même cadre spatio-temporel que l’étude précédente. Ces dernières sont précédées par une revue des relations entre la globalisation financière, l’instabilité financière puis monétaire et la croissance, avec une analyse théorique de l’instabilité financière. Il en ressort que les instabilités, financière et monétaire, ont des effets négatifs sur la croissance, tandis que la globalisation financière, et en particulier la globalisation par l’investissement contrairement à celle par l’endettement, promeut les bienfaits des politiques économiques et du commerce extérieur, en plus de son effet positif direct sur la croissance même en présence des deux instabilités dont elle diminue les effets négatifs This thesis examines whether or not it is beneficial for least developed countries to engage more in the process of financial globalization in pursuit of their economic growth, and if this process influences the effects of financial and monetary instability on the latter. This thesis is divided into three parts. Before examining the theoretical framework of financial globalization, the first part sketches its genesis on a background of the research for an answer to the problem of its regulation. The second part focuses on the literature on the impact of financial globalization on growth. This is done in order to draw lessons for the establishment of a study covering 72 low-income developing countries over the period 1972-2011. The third part centers on the impact on economic growth of financial globalization and the two aforementioned types of instability, discussed both separately and in conjunction. Evidence is provided by two empirical studies based on the same spatio-temporal framework as the previous one. These studies are preceded by a review of the literature on the relationship between financial globalization, financial and then monetary instability and growth, in addition to a theoretical analysis of financial instability. This illustrates that financial and monetary instability have negative effects on growth, while financial globalization and in particular investment-globalization, unlike indebtedness-globalization, promotes the benefits of macroeconomic policies and international trade. This can be find in addition to its direct positive effect on growth, even in the presence of the two instabilities of which it reduces the negative effects

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Evaldsson, Matilda. "Has EMU Led to Higher Debt Levels? : -A Dynamic Panel Data Estimation." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-120396.

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Europe is in the midst of its deepest crisis since the 1930s where unsustainable debt-to-GDP levels are among the most alarming issues. It is so critical that it is unsure if the Euro can be saved. The risk of moral hazard increases within EMU when governments are taking too much risk in their public debt policies due to the anticipation that ECB or other Member States would eventually bail them out. Moreover, the SGP imposes restrictions on government deficits and debts but have previously failed to enforce them. The weakness seen in the past is that no sanctions have been put in place once the limits have been breached and the SGP is therefore incredible. Previous research on common pool and debt spillovers in a monetary union point to an upward drift of public debt as countries join the EMU. Does this argument hold true? In order to find out, 25 OECD countries between the years of 1995 and 2010 are analyzed using System GMM Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond one-step estimator. The primary balance, the interest payments, and GDP growth are regressed respectively in order to see through what channel EMU displays its effect. One regression will cover the entire time period and another will only cover the years from 1995 to 2007 in order to isolate the effects of the current crisis. The results, based on the years over the entire time period (including the crisis) suggest that the effect of an EMU Membership goes via the Interest payments which it is connected to positively. By using the equation of debt dynamics, the fact that net debt interest payments are higher for a country within EMU indicates, all else equal, that they have on average higher levels of debt. Nevertheless, this realization might be a crisis phenomenon and the implication of this is not clear. However more importantly, the regressions based on the years of 1995 and 2007 (prior to the crisis) did not display any significant results. These results indicate that there is no significant relationship between a country’s membership in EMU and its level of debt prior to the crisis.

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Andrienko, Yury. "Essays on economic causes and consequences of migration." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7739.

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Migration is a multidimensional phenomenon requiring an interdisciplinary approach. This thesis studies some economic aspects of the internal migration of labour. A model of migration as investment in human capital is applied throughout the thesis to study economic causes and consequences of internal migration on a micro level. Various predictions from the theory are verified on longitudinal micro data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. The thesis is composed of three essays: (1) Causes of migration, the individual level push and pull factors facilitating or hampering mobility and representing both costs and benefits to migration, are studied in Chapter 2. A binary dependent variable model for the likelihood of an individual migration decision is estimated on panel data from the HILDA survey by means of the probit model with individual random effects. The main results are that those not in the labour force, similarly to the unemployed, are more mobile than the employed; and that higher individual wages and greater remoteness from larger urban centres also increase the likelihood of migration. (2) Chapter 3 studies wage returns to internal migration. Evidence is sought for the theoretical predictions of the traditional human capital model of investment in migration about a positive wage premium: positive returns to migration distance and human capital. Using individual-level data from the HILDA Survey and applying a system GMM to a dynamic panel earnings model, it is found that in the short-run there are returns to distance which increase with the level of education and decline with the level of pre-migration wage. The conclusion is that internal migration in Australia is a good strategy only for better educated and lower income individuals. (3) Several theoretical models of migration destination search are presented in Chapter 4. It discusses two models of migration as an outcome of the fixed-sample-size search and the sequential search. A model with endogenous investment in search activity demonstrates that lower initial utility increases chances to participate in search and that the likelihood of migration depends on budget constraints: those of the poor who can afford to buy relatively more information are expected to gain more than others.

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Ladeira, David Martins. "O impacto das diferentes fontes de energia renovável na evolução do preço final de eletricidade para o consumidor doméstico da UE-28." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/25430.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Economia (Economia Industrial), apresentado à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Patrícia Pereira da Silva. As reformas que estão a decorrer no setor elétrico, tal como a sua liberalização, a desregulação dos preços, e a crescente quota das fontes de energia renovável (FER) na produção de energia elétrica justificam a renovação do estudo deste setor. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste Trabalho de Projeto é avaliar os efeitos destas reformas na evolução do preço pago pelo consumidor doméstico da União Europeia (UE). Assim, inicialmente é feita uma análise descritiva dos indicadores energéticos chave deste setor para a UE-28. De seguida, é desenvolvido um modelo empírico que permite estimar o impacto dessas mesmas variáveis no preço da eletricidade. Para isso, recorre-se a um modelo dinâmico com dados em painel através do método system-GMM proposto por Blundell e Bond (1998) com a correção de Windermeijer (2005), utilizando 24 países da UE no horizonte temporal 1999-2011. As principais conclusões retiradas da análise empírica indicam que os preços do petróleo, o PIBpc, e o poder de mercado têm um impacto positivo e significativo no preço da eletricidade para o consumidor doméstico. Este estudo conclui ainda que a produção de eletricidade através das diversas FER não tem um impacto significativo no preço de eletricidade do consumidor doméstico.

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Beji, Samouel. "Le développement financier pour les pays du sud de la Méditerranée à l'épreuve de la mondialisation financière." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448668.

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Après la prise de conscience, du rôle que peut jouer le système financier dans la promotion de la croissance et le développement, nous proposons d'analyser dans la présente thèse, la situation des systèmes financiers dans les pays du sud de la Méditerranée et la problématique de leur développement. Ce rôle moteur du système financier revêt encore plus d'importance dans un contexte de mondialisation financière galopante qui incite les pays émergents de la périphérie à s'intégrer et à y faire partie. L'analyse de la situation du développement financier dans les pays de la région révèle une qualité « médiocre » de l'environnement légal qui prive le système financier de se développer et de se prémunir des risques inhérents à une ouverture financière hâtive. Nous insistons, dans la présente thèse, sur le rôle des institutions et d'un environnement légal et institutionnel favorable à la formation d'une assise à un développement financier sain. Nous montrons, ensuite, par une étude économétrique comprenant les dix pays du bassin sud de la Méditerranée sur la période 1980-2005, qu'une ouverture financière dans l'état actuel de l'environnement institutionnel et légal est préjudiciable. En profitant de cette étude, nous calculons des seuils de développement institutionnel à partir desquels une ouverture financière peut produire du développement financier. Par ailleurs, nous testons la nature de la relation qui existe entre le développement institutionnel, la régulation bancaire et le développement bancaire. De même, nous testons la nature de la relation qui existe entre le développement bancaire et le développement économique par la méthode du GMM (General Method of Moments) en panel dynamique pour les dix-neuf pays d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient durant la période 1982-2005.

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de, Klerk Kylie. "Exploring the influences of gender diversity in global healthcare organisations." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2507.

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Global healthcare organisations play a fundamental role in addressing the healthcare needs of local and global communities. Such organisations are capital intensive with stringent legal, logistics and reporting requirements that are distinct from traditional industries. The highly regulated nature of the healthcare sector means it is under constant scrutiny for health, safety and ethical compliance risks by federal regulatory bodies. In this manner, the composition of the healthcare sector, particularly diversity, is an antecedent to effective medical healthcare management, from resources and information sharing to operationalising governance objectives and achieving organisational performance. However, despite diversity importance for the healthcare sector due to its distinct characteristics (i.e., capital intensive with stringent legal, logistics and reporting requirements), the research in this area remains fragmented – resulting in a lack of understanding of prevailing diversity practices across this sector. Similarly, despite the global surge in corporate sustainability practices across businesses, healthcare companies have received the highest number of fines for their irresponsible practices (Zaman et al., 2021). Such gross violations have manifested significant questions to the prevailing corporate governance practices of these companies. Keeping such literature void abreast, this thesis answers two important research questions. Firstly, this thesis mapped the existing diversity practices and propose a novel framework for diversity management in global healthcare organisations. Secondly, it also examines the extent and consequences of boardroom gender diversity on the sustainability performance of companies operating in the healthcare sector. The results indicate a low level of women board representation and sustainability performance in the healthcare organisation. Further, despite the global push for gender diversity and sustainable business practices, there remains a minuscule change in such practice over the sample period. The results also suggest that a meaningful representation (there or more women on board) of women directors on board of healthcare organisations significantly improves their sustainability performance. The findings of this thesis have important policy implication as it serves to inform global healthcare organisational policy concerning diversity management practices, and board gender diversity policies.

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Stampe, Marianne Zwilling. "Três ensaios sobre mudança demográfica e seus impactos nas economias brasileira e gaúcha." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/87328.

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O presente estudo aborda a demografia e seus impactos na economia. A redução das taxas de fecundidade e de mortalidade, acompanhadas pelo aumento da expectativa de vida da população, tiveram como consequência a queda da taxa de crescimento populacional e mudanças na estrutura etária da população brasileira. Esse fenômeno também condiciona a chamada transição demográfica, processo no qual ocorre redução na proporção de crianças e aumento na proporção de pessoas idosas na população. A literatura supõe que esse processo esteja relacionado com o crescimento econômico, de forma que regiões com menor taxa de dependência (proporção de crianças e idosos na população) devem apresentar maior crescimento econômico. Utilizando-se técnicas de análise exploratória de dados espaciais (AEDE) para Áreas Mínimas Comparáveis (AMC) e de econometria para dados em painel, foi comprovada a relação inversa entre taxa de dependência e crescimento econômico com ambas as técnicas para o Brasil. A taxa de dependência indicou que o componente infantil predomina no Brasil e que as regiões do Brasil mais desenvolvidas em termos de mudança demográfica são as Sul e Sudeste. Tanto as taxas de dependência infantil e de idosos mostraram influenciar negativamente o modelo de crescimento econômico brasileiro, contribuindo para diminuir o caráter dúbio da última taxa mediante utilização de método econométrico que corrige para o problema da endogeneidade - Gmm-System. Foi também investigada a influência da demografia sobre o consumo utilizando-se dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos familiares (POF) ano base 2002-2003 para o Rio Grande do Sul, indicando que os setores máquinas e tratores, material elétrico e eletrônico, material de transportes, outras indústrias, instituições financeiras, serviços prestados às famílias e às empresas, aluguel de imóveis, administração pública e serviços privados não-mercantis, possuem um efeito positivo do envelhecimento populacional no consumo, o que podemos chamar de quebracabeça ao contrário do consumo na aposentadoria. Ademais, o consumo total indicou ser estável, o que parece fazer sentido, uma vez que existem também setores cujo consumo diminui com a idade. Com isso, evidenciou-se a importância da demografia tanto no crescimento econômico quanto no consumo para o Brasil e o Rio Grande do Sul, respectivamente. This study addresses the demography and its impact on the economy. The reduction of fertility and mortality, followed by an increase in life expectancy of the population, has resulted in a decline in population growth and changes in the age structure of the population. This phenomenon also affects the so-called demographic transition process in which there is a reduction in the proportion of children and an increase in the proportion of aged people in the population. Literature assumes that this process is related to economic growth, so that regions with lower dependency ratio (proportion of children and aged people in the population) should have higher economic growth. Using techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) for Minimum Comparable Areas (MCA) and of econometrics for panel data, it has been proved the inverse relationship between the rate of dependency and economic growth with both techniques for Brazil. The dependency ratio indicated that the child component predominates in Brazil and that the more developed regions of Brazil in terms of demographic change are the South and Southeast. Both rates of child and aged dependency influenced negatively the model of Brazilian economic growth, helping to reduce the dubiousness of the last rate by using econometric method that corrects for the endogeneity problem - Gmm- System. It was also investigated the influence of demography on consumption using data of the Household Budget Survey (HBS) base year 2002-2003 for Rio Grande do Sul indicating that sectors of machinery and tractors, electrical and electronic equipment, transport equipment, other industries, financial institutions, services to families and business, property rental, government and private non-market services, have a positive effect from aging on consumption, what we could call an “unlike retirement consumption puzzle”. Moreover, the complete consumption indicated to be stable, which seem to make sense, since there are also areas which consumption decreases with age. With that, the importance of demographics in both economic growth and the consumption for Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul, respectively, has been evidenced.

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Souza, Junior Celso Vila Nova de. "Tournaments in the public sector." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22538.

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Brito, Johnatan Rafael Santana de. "Efeitos das transfer?ncias intergovernamentais sobre as finan?as p?blicas dos munic?pios do Rio Grande do Norte (2001-2010)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14076.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:34:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JohnatanRSB_DISSERT.pdf: 3910794 bytes, checksum: 43d57ca72250e58dc10b9d5c0f6f4a53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-06 The Brazilian tax structure has specific characteristics and the performance level of government. The autonomy given to municipalities to manage their activities after the 1988 Constitution, made them highly dependent on intergovernmental transfers of resources, revealing the fragility of the administrative capacity of these entities. The vertical gap revealed by the constitutional structure of the Brazilian fiscal federalism model contributes to the formation of this specific feature that you are eroding the tax base and the ability of municipal own revenues. Although there was a better regulation of these transfers after the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Law, it is observed that the amount of resources transferred to the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte is very high and is the main source of revenue of municipalities. In light of the theory of federalism and fiscal decentralization, in particular, the theories related to intergovernmental transfers, we seek to diagnose the transfers from the systematization of information on the origin, destination and value. We used the econometric model of System Dynamic Panel GMM in making the diagnosis and verification of the impact of transfers on public finances of the municipalities of the newborn, associated with a review in light of the theory of fiscal federalism and intergovernmental transfers. The paper presents some proposals for the transfer system and the composition of spending in order to contribute to greater tax efficiency A estrutura fiscal brasileira apresenta caracter?sticas espec?ficas quanto ? atua??o das esferas de governo. A autonomia dada aos munic?pios para a gest?o de suas atividades, ap?s a constitui??o de 1988, os tornou altamente dependentes das transfer?ncias intergovernamentais de recursos, revelando a fragilidade da capacidade administrativa destes entes. A brecha vertical revelada pela estrutura constitucional do modelo de federalismo fiscal brasileiro contribui para a forma??o dessa caracter?stica espec?fica que acaba minando a base tribut?ria municipal e a capacidade de arrecada??o pr?pria. Embora tenha havido uma melhor regulamenta??o dessas transfer?ncias ap?s a promulga??o da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, observa-se que a quantidade de recursos transferidos aos munic?pios do Rio Grande do Norte ? bastante elevada e constitui a principal fonte de receita desses munic?pios. ? luz da teoria do federalismo e descentraliza??o fiscal e, em particular, nas teorias relacionadas com as transfer?ncias intergovernamentais, busca-se diagnosticar as transfer?ncias a partir da sistematiza??o das informa??es quanto ? origem, o valor e o destino. Utilizou-se o modelo econom?trico de Painel Din?mico System GMM na elabora??o do diagn?stico e na verifica??o do impacto dessas transfer?ncias nas finan?as p?blicas dos munic?pios do RN, associado a uma an?lise ? luz da teoria de federalismo fiscal e das transfer?ncias intergovernamentais. O trabalho apresenta algumas proposi??es para o sistema de transfer?ncias e na composi??o dos gastos a fim de contribuir com uma maior efici?ncia fiscal

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Senot, Claire. "Combining Conformance Quality and Experiential Quality in the Delivery of Health Care." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397407599.

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Kpodar, Kangni. "Développement financier, instabilité financière et croissance économique : implications pour la réduction de la pauvreté." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119136.

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La littérature sur la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance est très vaste et ancienne. Selon la théorie économique, le développement de l'intermédiation est favorable à la croissance économique car l'activité des banques accroît la mobilisation de l'épargne, améliore l'efficacité de l'allocation des ressources, et stimule l'innovation technologique. Cependant, certaines expériences de politiques visant à libéraliser les systèmes financiers des contraintes qui les empêchent de se développer et de contribuer à la croissance, se sont soldées par des échecs, ce qui a conduit à jeter un certain doute sur la généralité de la relation entre développement financier et développement économique. Ce doute a persisté avec les nombreuses études appliquées. Si la plupart des études (y compris les plus récentes) ont pu mettre en lumière, conformément aux prédictions théoriques, une relation positive entre le développement financier et la croissance (par exemple, Levine, Loayza et Beck, 2000), d'autres études (Andersen et Tarp (2003) par exemple) ont suggéré que la relation entre le développement financier pourrait être moins générale que ne le pense la littérature traditionnelle et ont souligné notamment que les résultats des études économétriques varient en fonction de l'échantillon et de la période considérée. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux raisons pouvant expliquer les résultats ambigus des études appliquées sur le lien entre le développement financier et la croissance. En premier lieu, nous considérons que le développement financier risque d'être simultanément une source d'instabilité financière de telle sorte que l'effet bénéfique du développement financier sur la croissance soit amoindri ; il nous paraît donc indispensable de prendre en compte ce lien entre le développement financier et l'instabilité financière pour pouvoir véritablement apprécier la contribution du développement financier à la croissance. En second lieu, nous considérons l'existence d'effets de seuil dans la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance. En effet, il se peut qu'il existe un seuil minimum de développement économique en dessous duquel le développement financier n'a pas d'impact significatif sur la croissance, principalement à cause de la faiblesse de l'épargne et de la rentabilité des investissements. Par ailleurs, étant donné que la littérature économique s'est beaucoup consacrée à la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance, et très peu à la relation entre le développement financier et la réduction de la pauvreté, nous nous sommes également intéressés à l'impact spécifique que le développement financier peut avoir sur la réduction de la pauvreté au-delà de son effet indirect qui passe par la croissance. L'analyse économétrique effectuée sur un panel de pays en développement avec des données quinquennales sur la période 1966-2000 nous a permis de mettre en évidence une relation positive entre le niveau de développement financier et celui de l'instabilité financière ; en particulier, l'instabilité du niveau de développement financier et l'occurrence de crises bancaires s'accroissent avec le développement du système financier. Les résultats montrent également que l'instabilité financière a un effet négatif sur la croissance économique et qu'elle réduit l'impact favorable du développement financier sur la croissance sans toutefois l'annuler. Par ailleurs, il ressort de notre analyse que pour les pays dont le niveau de PIB par tête est inférieur à un seuil de 2560 dollars, le développement financier ne semble pas avoir d'impact significatif sur la croissance. L'existence des effets de seuil et la prise en compte de l'instabilité financière dans la relation entre le développement financier et la croissance constituent des hypothèses complémentaires permettant d'expliquer les résultats ambigus des études appliquées sur le lien entre le développement financier et la croissance. Enfin, notre analyse montre également qu'en plus de son effet à travers la croissance, le développement financier favorise la réduction de la pauvreté principalement grâce à l'effet de conduit du capital de McKinnon (1973), l'accès aux dépôts profitent plus aux pauvres que l'accès aux crédits.

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Dumitrescu, Elena. "Econometric Methods for Financial Crises." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE0502/document.

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Connus sous le nom de Systèmes d’Alerte Avancés, ou Early Warning Systems (EWS), les modèles de prévision des crises financières sont appelés à jouer un rôle déterminant dans l’orientation des politiques économiques tant au niveau microéconomique qu’au niveau macroéconomique et international. Or,dans le sillage de la crise financière mondiale, des questions majeures se posent sur leur réelle capacité prédictive. Deux principales problématiques émergent dans le cadre de cette littérature : comment évaluer les capacités prédictives des EWS et comment les améliorer ?Cette thèse d’économétrie appliquée vise à proposer (i) une méthode d’évaluation systématique des capacités prédictives des EWS et (ii) de nouvelles spécifications d’EWS visant à améliorer leurs performances. Ce travail comporte quatre chapitres. Le premier propose un test original d’évaluation des prévisions par intervalles de confiance fondé sur l’hypothèse de distribution binomiale du processus de violations. Le deuxième chapitre propose une stratégie d’évaluation économétrique des capacités prédictives des EWS. Nous montrons que cette évaluation doit être fondée sur la détermination d’un seuil optimal sur les probabilités prévues d’apparition des crises ainsi que sur la comparaison des modèles.Le troisième chapitre révèle que la dynamique des crises (la persistance) est un élément essentiel de la spécification économétrique des EWS. Les résultats montrent en particulier que les modèles de type logit dynamiques présentent de bien meilleurs capacités prédictives que les modèles statiques et que les modèles de type Markoviens. Enfin, dans le quatrième chapitre nous proposons un modèle original de type probit dynamique multivarié qui permet d’analyser les schémas de causalité intervenant entre différents types crises (bancaires, de change et de dette). L’illustration empirique montre clairement que le passage à une modélisation trivariée améliore sensiblement les prévisions pour les pays qui connaissent les trois types de crises Known as Early Warning Systems (EWS), financial crises forecasting models play a key role in definingeconomic policies at microeconomic, macroeconomic and international level. However, in the wake ofthe global financial crisis, numerous questions with respect to their forecasting abilities have been raised,as very few signals were drawn prior to the starting of the turmoil. Two questions arise in this context:how to evaluate EWS forecasting abilities and how to improve them?The broad goal of this applied econometrics dissertation is hence (i) to propose a systematic model-free evaluation methodology for the forecasting abilities of EWS as well as (ii) to introduce new EWSspecifications with improved out-of-sample performance. This work has been concretized in four chapters.The first chapter introduces a new approach to evaluate interval forecasts which relies on the binomialdistributional assumption of the violations series. The second chapter proposes an econometric evaluationmethodology of the forecasting abilities of an EWS. We show that adequate evaluation must take intoaccount the cut-off both in the optimal crisis forecast step and in the model comparison step. The thirdchapter points out that crisis dynamics (persistence) is essential for the econometric specification of anEWS. Indeed, dynamic logit models lead to better out-of-sample forecasting probabilities than those oftheir main competitors (static model and Markov-switching one). Finally, a multivariate dynamic probitEWS is proposed in the fourth chapter to take into account the causality between different types of crises(banking, currency, sovereign debt). The empirical application shows that the trivariate model improvesforecasts for countries that underwent the three types of crises

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Yen, Meng-Fen Yen. "Three Essays on International Trade, Market Structure, and Agricultural Cooperatives." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502465536450035.

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Lareau, Jonathan. "Application of shifted delta cepstral features for GMM language identification /." Electronic version of thesis, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2686.

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Tomashenko, Natalia. "Speaker adaptation of deep neural network acoustic models using Gaussian mixture model framework in automatic speech recognition systems." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1040/document.

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Les différences entre conditions d'apprentissage et conditions de test peuvent considérablement dégrader la qualité des transcriptions produites par un système de reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP). L'adaptation est un moyen efficace pour réduire l'inadéquation entre les modèles du système et les données liées à un locuteur ou un canal acoustique particulier. Il existe deux types dominants de modèles acoustiques utilisés en RAP : les modèles de mélanges gaussiens (GMM) et les réseaux de neurones profonds (DNN). L'approche par modèles de Markov cachés (HMM) combinés à des GMM (GMM-HMM) a été l'une des techniques les plus utilisées dans les systèmes de RAP pendant de nombreuses décennies. Plusieurs techniques d'adaptation ont été développées pour ce type de modèles. Les modèles acoustiques combinant HMM et DNN (DNN-HMM) ont récemment permis de grandes avancées et surpassé les modèles GMM-HMM pour diverses tâches de RAP, mais l'adaptation au locuteur reste très difficile pour les modèles DNN-HMM. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer une méthode de transfert efficace des algorithmes d'adaptation des modèles GMM aux modèles DNN. Une nouvelle approche pour l'adaptation au locuteur des modèles acoustiques de type DNN est proposée et étudiée : elle s'appuie sur l'utilisation de fonctions dérivées de GMM comme entrée d'un DNN. La technique proposée fournit un cadre général pour le transfert des algorithmes d'adaptation développés pour les GMM à l'adaptation des DNN. Elle est étudiée pour différents systèmes de RAP à l'état de l'art et s'avère efficace par rapport à d'autres techniques d'adaptation au locuteur, ainsi que complémentaire Differences between training and testing conditions may significantly degrade recognition accuracy in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. Adaptation is an efficient way to reduce the mismatch between models and data from a particular speaker or channel. There are two dominant types of acoustic models (AMs) used in ASR: Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and deep neural networks (DNNs). The GMM hidden Markov model (GMM-HMM) approach has been one of the most common technique in ASR systems for many decades. Speaker adaptation is very effective for these AMs and various adaptation techniques have been developed for them. On the other hand, DNN-HMM AMs have recently achieved big advances and outperformed GMM-HMM models for various ASR tasks. However, speaker adaptation is still very challenging for these AMs. Many adaptation algorithms that work well for GMMs systems cannot be easily applied to DNNs because of the different nature of these models. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a method for efficient transfer of adaptation algorithms from the GMM framework to DNN models. A novel approach for speaker adaptation of DNN AMs is proposed and investigated. The idea of this approach is based on using so-called GMM-derived features as input to a DNN. The proposed technique provides a general framework for transferring adaptation algorithms, developed for GMMs, to DNN adaptation. It is explored for various state-of-the-art ASR systems and is shown to be effective in comparison with other speaker adaptation techniques and complementary to them

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Majiyawa, Abdoul' Ganiou. "INSTITUTIONS ET DÉVELOPPEMENT : ANALYSE DES EFFETS MACROÉCONOMIQUES DES INSTITUTIONS ET DE RÉFORMES INSTITUTIONNELLES DANS LES PAYS EN DÉVELOPPEMENT." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484905.

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Cette thèse est une contribution à l'analyse économique des institutions. Ces dernières années, de nombreux travaux ont permis de montrer que le retard des pays en développement (PED) en matière de développement économique, serait dû en particulier à l'inefficacité de leurs institutions. Il se dégage ainsi un consensus sur la nécessité de réformer les institutions dans les PED. Cependant, la littérature prend rarement en compte les coûts éventuels associés à l'amélioration de la qualité des institutions. De plus, on peut considérer que l'amélioration de la qualité des institutions peut induire des coûts à court terme, alors que ses bénéfices ne vont se matérialiser qu'à long terme. Ainsi, le décalage temporel des effets positifs de l'amélioration de la qualité des institutions pourrait réduire les incitations des PED à réformer leurs institutions. Par ailleurs, la littérature aborde très peu la question des facteurs susceptibles de favoriser la réforme des institutions dans les PED. Cette thèse tente d'apporter des éléments d'éclaircissement sur ces différents points et poursuit deux principaux objectifs. Notre premier objectif consiste à analyser la rationalité économique du choix d'une stratégie de développement économique basée sur l'amélioration de la qualité des institutions dans les PED. Autrement dit, en dépit d'un possible décalage temporel des effets positifs de l'amélioration de la qualité des institutions, nous cherchons à savoir s'il est économiquement justifié de réformer les institutions dans les PED. Notre second objectif consiste à analyser les facteurs susceptibles de favoriser la réforme des institutions dans les PED. Les principaux résultats issus d'analyses empiriques à base de données couvrant la période 1960-2005, confirment l'idée selon laquelle il est dans l'intérêt des PED de choisir une stratégie de développement économique basée sur la réforme de leurs institutions. De même, cette thèse montre qu'une combinaison efficace de facteurs internes -existence dans les PED d'institutions efficaces de contraintes sur l'exécutif- et de facteurs externes - participation des PED aux échanges internationaux d'investissements directs étrangers (IDE)- contribuerait à la réforme des institutions de droits de propriété privée dans les PED. En effet, nos analyses empiriques montrent que : (1) Une amélioration de la qualité des institutions démocratiques, des institutions de droits de propriété, et particulièrement des institutions de régulation est favorable à la soutenabilité de la croissance économique dans les PED. (2) L'amélioration de la qualité des institutions engendre des coûts à court terme et des bénéfices à long terme, mais les bénéfices de long terme l'emporteraient sur les coûts de court terme. Nous mettons en exergue un tel résultat à travers une comparaison des effets de court et de long terme des institutions démocratiques sur la croissance économique dans les PED. (3) La probabilité de réformer les institutions de droits de propriété privée augmente avec les flux entrants d'IDE dans les PED dotés d'institutions efficaces de contraintes sur l'exécutif.

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PACE, MARIA LUCIA. "La diseguaglianza di opportunità in Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/35716.

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La diseguaglianza dei redditi è comunemente analizzata e misurata attraverso l’impiego di varie misure quali l’indice di Gini, il coefficiente di variazione, l’indice di Theil, la varianza dei logaritmi ed altri ancora (Sen, 1970). A partire dagli anni ’90 l’applicazione di tecniche di scomposizione relative, ad esempio, all’indice di Theil hanno reso possibile quantificare due diverse componenti della diseguaglianza ovvero la disuguaglianza legata allo sforzo individuale e la disuguaglianza dovuta alle ineguali opportunità. Questa seconda componente dipende esclusivamente da fattori esogeni, non controllabili dall’individuo, e, per questa ragione, è a ragione considerata una diseguaglianza “ingiusta”. Alla componente residua della scomposizione è di solito attribuito, invece, il significato di disuguaglianza nello sforzo, ovvero quanto ciascun individuo si è impegnato per raggiungere un determinato obiettivo di successo economico. L’applicazione di questo approccio alle misure di diseguaglianza ha permesso di studiare quale tipo di disuguaglianza prevalga all’interno di un Paese e, soprattutto, quali siano le circostanze esogene che incrementano la disparità nelle opportunità. Il presente lavoro si muove lungo questa linea di ricerca proponendo un metodo per testare il peso relativo delle due componenti e la loro significativita’. Come misura di diseguaglianza si e’ scelto di considerare il coefficiente di variazione in modo da ricondurre il test ad un problema di Analisi della varianza (ANOVA) a piu’ vie. Il test viene presentato facendo riferimento ai dati dell’ISTAT e dell'indagine Bankitalia sui redditi delle famiglie. Dopo quest'analisi preliminare sulle determinanti della diseguaglianza di opportunità in Italia, si utilizza la scomposizione della diseguaglianza nelle sue due componenti: diseguaglianza di opportunità e diseguaglianza legata all'impegno, per definire univocamente l'effetto della diseguaglianza sulla crescita economica. L'analisi econometria è svolta sui dati dell'indagine sulla ricchezza e sui redditi delle famiglie forniti dalla Banca d'Italia. L'effetto viene stimato utilizzando il modello panel dinamico con il metodo di stima GMM. While the analysis of inequality has been central to economic studies for cen- turies, in recent years many studies concentrated on the distinction between in- equality of opportunity (IO) and inequality of returns to effort (IE) and attempted empirical estimates of the two components, e.g. in US and in Europe. The decompo- sition of a general inequality index into these two components allows to analyze the prevalence of fair or unfair income inequality within a country. This paper suggests to test the differences between the two sources of inequality in a simple way using the ANOVA framework adapted to decompose the coefficient of variation, to better suit the requirements of an inequality index. The proposed procedure is applied to the Italian Survey on Income and Living Condition (IT-SILC data, wave 2005 and 2011). The analysis of the results help identifying the circumstances that foster the rise of inequality of opportunities in Italy. Our analysis shows in particular, that father education, region of residence and gender result as the most relevant circumstances determining inequality of opportunity. On the other side, the role of mother education starting from a lower level, as an inequality of opportunity factor, is increasing its influence over time. The decomposition of inequality index in two components allows not only to analyze the prevalence of fair or unfair income inequality in a country, but also to find a clearer relation between inequality and growth. In fact, it is still missing an analysis of the relation between inequality of opportunity and economic growth in Italy. This paper aims at filling in that gap, by using Italian data from Bank of Italys Survey on Income and Wealth from 1998 to 2014. We choose the coefficient of variation to measure inequality of opportunity at the regional level and, then, we studied its relation with economic growth using Dynamic Panel Data models estimated through System- GMM. Finally, in order to check if the coefficient of variation could be a measure as good as the Entropy’s index, I will compare the results of the estimated panel models with the two different inequality of opportunity indeces. We evaluate the effect of inequality of opportunity on different length of the economic growth rate, going from a short term (2 years) to a very long term growth rate (10 years). Our results shows that, in Italy, inequality of opportunity is negative in the short period, but it does not have any effect on long run growth.

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Klimeš, Martin. "Nízkopříkonový zabezpečovací systém sklepního prostoru bez elektrorozvodu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413226.

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The work deals with the available options of security devices for basements, design and implementation of its own security equipment. An FPGA chip from Xilinx was used as a device control. The device also contains a GSM module for sending information via SMS about space violation. Intrusion signaling can also be signaled by a siren. Intrusion detection is performed using a door and motion sensor. The whole device is powered by a battery, but there is also the possibility of mains power.

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RODRIGUES, RAFAEL FERREIRA. "DECLARATIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR SYSTEMS IMPLEMENTING GEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11503@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO FINANCIADORA DE ESTUDOS E PROJETOS A existência de vários ambientes procedurais definidos para middlewares de Sistemas de TV Digital terrestre levou à criação de um framework conhecido como Globally Executable MHP (GEM). Esse padrão visa a harmonização de tais ambientes permitindo a execução global das aplicações. Nesse contexto, este trabalho descreve a construção de um ambiente de apresentação declarativo utilizando a API fornecida pelo GEM de forma a permitir a execução global do conteúdo declarativo produzido para o Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital. The several procedural environment proposals for terrestrial Digital TV Systems led to the middleware framework recommendation known as Globally Executable MHP (GEM). This standard aims at the harmonization of such environments allowing the global execution of procedural applications but neglecting the declarative ones. In this context, this work describes the integration of the Ginga declarative environment using the API supplied by GEM and allowing the global execution of declarative contents produced for the Brazilian System of Digital TV (Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital).

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Ibrahim, Goran, and Leonard Ek. "En processbeskrivning för utveckling av webbaserade system och gränssnitt : En fallstudie av utvecklingsprocesser på GMP-Systems AB." Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214995.

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Affärssystem som inte har tydliga användargränssnitt tenderar att göra användarvänligheten sämre, vilket i sin tur kan leda till att delar av systemet inte nyttjas effektivt. Det kan därför vara lämpligt att ha en specifik och tydlig processbeskrivning för utveckling av system med hänsyn till användarvänlighet. I detta projekt undersöktes möjligheten att ta fram en processbeskrivning för IT-projekt vid framtagning av ett nytt gränssnitt i ett system. Mer konkret så är frågan som ska besvaras i denna rapport följande: ”Hur ska en utvecklingsmetod eller utvecklingsprocess för IT-system se ut för att tillvarata vetenskapliga, teoretiska och tekniska aspekter på Människa-Dator Interaktion (MDI)?” En fallstudie i detta projekt har utförts på företaget GMP-Systems AB. För att komma fram till ett resultat, och för att få svar på frågeställningen, så har en litteraturstudie på aspekter inom MDI utförts. Dessutom har en analys huruvida teknisk implementation av detta kan åstadkommas med hjälp av ramverk. Vidare har intervjuer genomförts, samt tester där användaren har fått interagera med systemet. Resultatet av feedbacken har sedan analyserats. Detta för att senare kunna bygga prototyper till systemet. I resultatdelen levereras en utvecklingsmetod och en processbeskrivning som är kopplad till den litteraturstudie och de erfarenheter som erhållits från projektets fallstudie. Till företaget GMP-Systems levereras en prototyp, en use-case model[1] med user-stories[2] samt ett sekvensdiagram[3]. [1] Use-Case Model är en beskrivning på åtgärder och handlingar som en användare kan utföra, och definierar interaktionen mellan rollerna i ett system för att utföra ett mål.[2] User-stories är ett verktyg inom systemutveckling för att kunna ta fram en beskrivning av önskad funktionalitet som ofta utgår utifrån ett användarperspektiv.[3] Ett sekvensdiagram visar metodanrop mellan objekt i en tidsbegränsad situation och vilken ordning. Business systems lacking a clear interface and subsequently a diminished usability, can lead to limited usage or no usage of parts of the system. It may therefore be critical to have a process outlined for the development of such system and its interface to ensure that all parts of the system are used. The objective of this case study was to investigate whether it is possible to develop a process description for IT projects at the initial stages of the development phase of a new interface in a system. More specifically, the question investigated in this report follows: “How should a development method or development process for IT systems look to seize scientific, theoretical and technical aspects of Human Computer Interaction (HCI)?” A case study of the project was carried out at the company GMP-Systems AB. A literature-study on aspects of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) was carried out to arrive at a result and answer the question. Further, an analysis was conducted to consider whether the technical implementation of such process can be accomplished by adopting frameworks. In addition, interviews were conducted with users that have interacted with the system, and an analysis was carried out on the feedback provided to develop prototypes for the system. A development method and process description linked to the literature and the experience gained from the projects case study is outlined in the result section. To the client, GMP-Systems, a prototype, a use-case model[1] with user-stories[2] and a sequential diagram[3] will be delivered. Keywords: HCI, evaluation method, Angular JS, Knockout JS, React, Moqups, process description, development method. [1] Use-Case model is a description of actions that a user can perform and defines the interaction between the roles of a system to accomplish a goal[2] User stories are a tool in system development to provide a description of the desired functionality, often from an end user perspective.[3] A sequential diagram shows how objects operate with one another and in what order.

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Souza, Geovane Grossi Araújo de. "X-Ray fluorescence imaging system based on Thick-GEM detectors." Universidade de São Paulo, 2019. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-21032019-233121/.

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GEMs (Gas Electron Multiplier) and Thick-GEMs (Thick-Gas Electron Multiplier) are MPGDs (Micropattern Gas Detector) that make part of the new generation of gaseous detectors, allowing high counting rates, low cost when compared to solid state detectors, high radiation hardness and gain when using multiple structures. Besides that, the handling and maintenance of these detectors is relatively simple, being versatile to detect different types of radiation. Therefore, these detectors are an effective alternative to build imaging systems with large sensitive area. This work consists in the study and characterization of a set of gaseous detectors, more specifically the Thick-GEMs produced in the High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Center at IFUSP, which were tested showing promising results in terms of gain, energy resolution and operational stability. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the Thick-GEMs, the X-ray fluorescence imaging system was mounted using GEMs. During this work the necessary software tools for image processing and reconstruction were developed as a parallel study in computational simulations to better understand the operation of gaseous detectors. X-ray fluorescence techniques are essential in areas such as medicine and the study of historical and cultural heritage since they are non-invasive and non-destructive. Techniques to check the authenticity of masterpieces are required and museums are gradually becoming more interested in the Physics and instrumentation needed to characterize their patrimony. Os GEMs (Gas Electron Multiplier) e Thick-GEMs (Thick-Gas Electron Multiplier) são estruturas do tipo MPGD (Micropattern Gas Detector) que fazem parte da nova geração de detectores de radiação a gás e permitem altas taxas de contagens, baixo custo quando comparados com os detectores de estado sólido, uma elevada resistência à radiação e ganhos elevados, quando utilizadas estruturas múltiplas para multiplicação. Além disso, o manuseio e manutenção desses detectores é relativamente simples, sendo versáteis em relação à montagem podendo detectar diferentes tipos de radiação. Sendo assim, a utilização desses detectores é uma alternativa eficiente para montar um sistema de imagem com grande área sensível. Este trabalho consiste no estudo e caracterização de um conjunto de detectores gasosos, mais especificamente os Thick-GEMs produzidos pelo grupo de Física de altas energias e Instrumentação do IFUSP, que foram testados para serem empregados em um sistema de imagem de fluorescência de raios-X. Os Thick-GEMs testados apresentaram resultados promissores em termos de ganho, resolução em energia e estabilidade operacional. No entanto, devido à baixa relação sinal-ruído, um sistema de imagem de fluorescência de raios-X foi montado utilizando GEMs. Durante o trabalho as ferramentas de software necessárias para processamento e reconstrução de imagens foram desenvolvidas, assim como um estudo paralelo de simulações computacionais para entender melhor o funcionamento de detectores gasosos. Técnicas como o imageamento por fluorescência de raios-X são de suma importância pois são consideradas não invasivas e não destrutivas. Sua utilização tem uma importância imprescindível nas áreas da medicina e na análise de patrimônios histórico e cultural. Atualmente, a verificação e validação de autenticidade de obras é um requisito obrigatório e alguns museus começam a se interessar cada vez mais em áreas da Física e da instrumentação necessária para caracterizar o seu patrimônio.

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Johansson, Emil, and Kim Myhrman. "GSM/WCDMA Leakage Detection System." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniksystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-66963.

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Ericsson in Linkoping houses one of the largest test laboratories within thewhole Ericsson Company. Mainly, the laboratories contain equipment forGSM, WCDMA and LTE. To test these systems, a quite large number ofRadio Base Stations are needed. The RBS's are housed in a proportionatelysmall area. Instead of sending signals through the air, cables are used totransfer the RF signals. In this way the equipment communicating witheach other are well speci ed. However this may not be the case if leakageoccur.This thesis work is about developing a system for monitoring the radioenvironment and detect leakages in the test site. There is a need to de newhat a leakage really is and measurements needs to be performed in order toaccomplish this. This report describes how the work has proceeded towardsthe nal implemented solution.

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Brudný, Tomáš. "Systém pro řízení stínicí a vytápěcí techniky v budově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218688.

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The object of this project was to develop a device, which would by use to coordinate or control device wireless. The system divided to several independent devices, which assure high comfort for the user. The basic unit contains of touch panel which allow the user to control the system. The second unit is used for communication the system with GSM net. The third unit is used to coordinate the system from a PC. This unit makes possible data collection and their evaluation. This unit can as well control and coordinate any devises in the system. Part and parcel of this system are units which are used to drive the end consumers. The hole system is powered from a instead powers supply which is managed from a microprocessor. These devices make it possible, to the system to work without line voltage. The system is designed modular, so in the future it is possible to expand the system of others peripherals.

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Qu, Xin. "Automated Testbench Generation for Communication Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36360.

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This thesis develops semi-automated methods to generate testbenches for VHDL models of communication systems. To illustrate the methods, a VHDL model was constructed for the speech-coding channel of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). GSM is the Pan-European digital mobile telephony standard specified by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). This thesis emphasizes the error detection and error correction procedures that form an important part of the standard. First, a test bench template was generated using â Testbench Proâ , a waveform generation tool developed by SynaptiCAD. The template includes a random sequence of speech data. A C program was then developed as a user interface to control the simulation procedure. Using the C program, the user can select a test bench template and specify the input test vectors. The C program adds the userâ s test vectors to the test bench template to create a final VHDL test bench that is ready for simulation. The testing data is then encoded by the GSM encoder models, passed through the noisy channel model that introduces errors into the data stream and, finally, passed through the GSM decoder models which attempt to correct the channel errors. Sophisticated error detection and error correction algorithms are used in the encoder/decoder models to increase the reliability of data transmission over the noisy channel. Finally, the original speech data is compared to the decoder output to detect any remaining bit errors and to evaluate the system performance. The simulation system is semi-automated. The user selects a set of parameters using the C program interface. A testbench is then automatically created and simulated. Two final report files are automatically generated. No user interaction is needed after the initial parameter selection. Several experiments were performed to illustrate the various features of the automated testbench generation system. Master of Science

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Cutillas, Sanchez Laura. "Simulation and Performance evaluation of co-existing GSM and UMTS systems." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6801.

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Mobile users need more capacity and higher velocity to work with new data applications. In order to satisfy these requirements, mobile systems of third generation were created and they are established every day in more places. Consequently second and third generation of system have to coexist. In this paper is presented a study about the co-existence between GSM and UMTS, the most popular systems in Europe. 900MHz is the frequency chosen to work with both systems, due to this low frequency allows: less path loss and more coverage, than 2100MHz the usual frequency for UMTS system. The situation evaluated is focused on introducing a UMTS carrier in a GSM operator, with the aim to determine the advantages and cons produced in the mobiles with this change. Two cases are distinguished: coordinated operation, GSM and UMTS900 in the same operator and un-coordinated operation, UMTS900 respect to other GSM operator. Users under study belong to both modified operator and a next GSM operator. Power control was programmed in both systems. It was determined how affect the interferences in system capacity of the operators and which is the guard band necessary to protect the system. Spectral efficiency (user/cluster/MHz) in the case GSM and UMTS900 in same band is twice as much as in a GSM operator. The separation between operators is set in 300KHz.But is important to know that UMTS carriers do not cause damage in others operators because is located in the middle of GSM carriers. The guard band fixed to protect each mobile in operator with shared spectrum is not necessary. The distance between carriers GSM and UMTS necessary is 2.4MHz while the width of one UMTS carrier is 2.5MHz.

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Yuan, Shuai, and Marc Antony Haddad. "Receiver Performance Simulation : System Verification for GSM Receiver." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-706.

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The purpose of this thesis is to build and then optimize a simulation environment for the GSM / EDGE / WCDMA receiver in the RF Asics.The system generally consists of two blocks: an Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) controlled system core and Simulation Environment System for Verification and Design (SEVED). The signal is generated by SEVED and directed into the system core, where the receiver under test is located. Signal output of the receiver is then directed back into SEVED for bit error rate calculations. Therefore the performance of the receiver can be evaluated.

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Kosmas, Christopher William. "Secure tracking system for next generation CIT products." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9328.

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The Cash in Transit (CIT) industry demands reliable and innovative products from its suppliers to ensure safety and reliability within the industry. Product innovation has been directed at a bespoke tracking system for the Cash in Transit industry, which can meet its stringent requirements and excel above the capabilities of standard, readily available tracking systems. The presented research has investigated the state of the art in tracking and localisation systems and has highlighted Wi-Fi as a potential novel Cash in Transit tracking solution. With research into 2.4GHz Wi-Fi and the effects in a CIT environment, the technology has been understood and demonstrated in terms of its advantages and weaknesses when applied to CIT. The research has shown that 2.4GHz Wi-Fi is a novel and viable solution for both wide area tracking and localised tracking of a Cash in Transit security box by testing innovative ways of detecting theft using 2.4GHz Wi-Fi in a set of specific real-world scenarios. An embedded tracking system was developed and a thorough evaluation undertaken using a series of practical usage scenarios. The results show the proposed tracking capability is very effective and ready for initial effective use within a Cash in Transit security box.

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Varma, Anup. "Modeling and Synthesis with SystemC." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36222.

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With the increasing complexity of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), System-On-a-Chip (SoC) design seems to be the current chip design paradigm. Unlike ASICs, SoCs are a potpourri of diverse components, including general-purpose or special-purpose processors. Designing and testing these designs require a new methodology that supports system level modeling and hardware-software co-design. The Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) available today cannot meet this challenge. SystemC is a new modeling language based on C++. Models written in SystemC are executable and do not dictate either hardware or software implementation. The model written in SystemC can be synthesized to hardware using the CoCentric SystemC Compiler (CCSC). Thus, the combination of SystemC and CCSC has the potential to be a powerful SoC design technique. This thesis examines the usefulness of SystemC and CCSC to model and synthesize a GSM system. The encoders and decoders used in the GSM system are complex and represent challenging problems in the real world. The modeling methodology using SystemC is considered and the synthesis issues with CCSC are detailed. Simulation results using real sound samples and synthesis results are presented. Areas for future work are then outlined. Master of Science

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Corack, Edward J. "Impact of Phytoremediation System on Groundwater Flow in a Shallow Aquifer System." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42183.

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There are many methods for cleaning up contaminated soil and groundwater. Phytoremediation is an engineered method that utilizes plants and trees to remove or immobilize inorganic and organic contaminants. The plants and trees can contain contaminant plumes, uptake the contaminants, or aid in the degradation of the contaminants through several poorly understood mechanisms. Hybrid poplar trees were planted to contain a creosote contaminant plume at the study-site in Oneida, Tennessee. This research looks at how the trees will affect groundwater flow in the site. This is accomplished with the groundwater modeling program MODFLOW. The trees are simulated using the Evapotranspiration Package within MODFLOW, within the GMS modeling platform, to produce a two-dimensional unconfined aquifer viewpoint groundwater model. Site characterization, setup, and rationale are provided. The modeling methodology including calibration, sensitivity analysis, non-unique solution check, and verification are also provided. The modeling methodology included steady-state model calibration at the study-site to match observed field data; precursory steady-state and subsequent practice transient calibrations at the site; and incorporation of the simulation of evapotranspiration in the final transient model calibrations at the site. The results show that a phytoremediation system consisting of densely-planted hybrid poplar trees can indeed impact groundwater flow, although not to the extent that clearly would contain a creosote contaminant plume. Various input parameters including specific yield, transient recharge, starting heads, evapotranspiration rates, and evapotranspiration extinction depths impacted MODFLOW model sensitivity in transient calibrations. Varying the time steps in post-precipitation stress periods did not significantly impact the model output. The interception trench conductance played a minimal role in the calibration, but trench groundwater collection data was lacking, and the trench was frequently in need of maintenance. Further suggested data requirements include more frequently collected rainfall and piezometer data, as well as the installation of more piezometers outside the model domain contained in this study. Using the Evapotranspiration Package in MODFLOW provided more realistic and authentic results than using the Well Package (used in a previous study of the site by Panhorst in 2000) to simulate evapotranspiration. The Evapotranspiration Package in MODFLOW incorporates transpiration extinction depths that prevent transpiration when the water table drops below a certain depth. Further suggested program development includes incorporating an asymptotic function for transpiration rates and allowing the Evapotranspiration Package to import evapotranspiration rates, extinction depths, and elevations. It may be deduced from this impact of flow that the tree system will aid in containment of a contaminant plume, but at the trees current growth stage, and with the coal layer present at the site, the containment is limited. Master of Science

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Shongwe, Mxolisi Excellent. "Performance of recalibration systems of GCM forecasts over southern Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26017.

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This study assesses the performance of an atmospheric GCM forced with persisted SSTs in simulating austral summer precipitation at smaller spatial (regional) scales. Two statistical recalibration techniques of differing technical complexity are then presented and compared to get an idea as to which method among them is best suitable for southern Africa. The two regression-based methods applied in recalibrating the ECHAM4.5 GCM output during austral summer in southern Africa are based on model output statistics (MOS) using principal components regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to statistically link archived records of the GCM to regional rainfall over much of Africa south of the equator. A linear statistical model linking near-global sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) to regional rainfall is also developed. Southern Africa is divided into 18 homogeneous regions using cluster analysis. The potential predictive skill of summer precipitation over each region from raw-GCM ensembles, the linear statistical and MOS models is evaluated using the relative operating characteristics (ROC) score and the ranked probability skill score computed over a 12-year retroactive period 1989/90–2000/01. The MOS technique outperforms the raw GCM ensembles and the linear statistical model in certain cases. On many occasions, the PCR-MOS performs better than CCA-MOS but the former does not show clear superiority over the latter method because the two methods are in a broad sense performing the same task. The need to recalibrate GCM predictions at regional scales to improve their skill at smaller spatial scales is demonstrated in this study. Dissertation (MSc (Meteorology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology unrestricted

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HOBBIE, JOHN. "THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA SYSTEM (AN/GMD-5) A METEOROLOGIST’S POINT OF VIEW." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615278.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-16, 1986 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada Engineers developing specialized telemetry systems do not always have the vantage point of the user of their systems. The requirements of an upper air sounding system may seem straightforward at first; but, when the meteorologist’s viewpoint is considered, the engineering problems become more difficult than originally perceived. This paper discusses the Meteorological Data System (AN/GMD-5) manufactured by Space Data Corporation for the U.S. Air Force. The GMD-5 is designed to be a militarized, rugged, portable replacement of the World War II vintage GMD-1. It can be set up in the field and provide automatic, real-time data reduction of a rawinsonde flight within two hours of arrival at a site. The system has an extensive self-diagnostic capability such that a trained meteorological operator could troubleshoot faults and correct them down to the circuit board level. This paper presents the problems involved in designing a telemetry system that will work in field environments and will be easy to use by meteorological technicians. The whole system, including the sonde (both sensors and telemetering system), the tracker, telemetry decoder, and data processing systems, is presented, and the problems associated with the system’s performance and accuracy are discussed from the meteorologist’s point of view, followed by the engineer’s solution to these problems.

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Doty, Jessica E. "Creating a Non-GMO Grain and Feed Exchange System for Ohio Farmers." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1480522993553463.

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Gibbs, Sarah Margaretha. "Regulation of Drosophila visual system development by nitric oxide and cyclic GMP /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10651.

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Ebrahimkhani, Saeideh. "Exosomal MicroRNA Signatures in Central Nervous System Diseases." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20208.

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During the last decade there has been a growing interest in studying extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes and their miRNA contents. Exosomes are released by almost all cell types. They are packed with specific information, stable against degradation processes, are small and flexible enough to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and are readily found in biological fluids including blood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in nearly every cellular process and play a regulatory role in central nervous system (CNS) associated diseases. Accordingly, exosomal miRNAs could be ideal biomarkers to measure CNS disease activity and treatment response. In this thesis, the aim was to establish a robust protocol to investigate whether the differential expression of serum exosomal miRNA can be used as a biomarker for the accurate diagnosis of the CNS diseases multiple sclerosis (MS) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as well as for the monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. Exosomes were purified from serum and their RNA contents profiled using highthroughput sequencing. In my first study, I profiled exosome–associated miRNAs in serum samples from MS patients and identified distinct biomarkers for the diagnosis of MS and identification of the disease subtype. In my second study, I investigated the effect of treatment in MS patients. I hypothesised that the deregulation of serum exosomal miRNAs is associated with the efficacy of therapy and is predictive of MS activity phases. Finally, I studied serum exosomal miRNA profiles to discover diagnostic biomarkers for GBM, and to demonstrate the applicability of my protocol to other neurological diseases. Taken together, my results demonstrate the exceptional utility of serum exosomal miRNA profiles as a blood-based biomarker to diagnose the CNS associated diseases, using a robust and easily reproducible protocol.

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Sirpatil, Brijesh. "Software Synthesis of SystemC Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34255.

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Technological advances are providing us with the capability to integrate more and more functionality into a single chip. This is leading to a new design paradigm, System On a Chip (SOC). In SOC designs all the functionality of a system is put inside a single chip, leading to increased performance, reduced power consumption, lower costs, and reduced size. SOC design brings with it new challenges and difficulties, however. The designs are now large, complicated and involve both software and hardware components. The designs have to be modeled at a high level of abstraction before partitioning into hardware and software components for final implementation. SystemC is a system level modeling language useful for System On a Chip design. It provides various features to perform system level modeling and simulation, which are missing in the generic HDL's such as VHDL and Verilog. The hardware portion of the SystemC models can be synthesized into hardware using commercial tools . The software portion can be rewritten as embedded software for the target processor. The aim of this thesis is to explore the SOC design process and to define methods for software synthesis of SystemC models. Software synthesis involves translation of SystemC models into code that is suitable for execution on an embedded processor. A simple scheduler that replaces the SystemC simulation kernel is proposed. This scheduler allows SystemC models to be executed directly as embedded software without the need for extensive modification or translation. Application of this process to the development of a GSM speech processing system, including the translation of part of the SystemC model into software that will execute on an embedded processor, is shown and the results are presented. Master of Science

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43

Thompson, Danny C. "Structure-property relationships of electron beam cured systems containing bis-GMA." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94482.

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Structure-property relationships were investigated for the bis-glycidyl methacrylate deriva-tives of bisphenol-A crosslinked by electron beam irradiation. This material, commonly called bis-GMA, is a viscous liquid at room temperature which crosslinks to form a glassy network when a 3 to 5 mil coating is irradiated with sufficient energy. The major parameters which were systematically varied in this study were radiation dosage, dose rate, aging time after irradiation, and post-cure annealing at higher temperatures. Measurements were conducted first to quantify the crosslinking reaction, then to characterize the physical properties of the resulting networks. Extraction by a solvent was done to deter-mine the degree of network formation through the equilibrium swelling ratio and the gel weight fraction after drying. Another method utilized FTIR to monitor the disappearance of double bonds as the crosslinking reaction proceeded. In order to characterize the physical properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical spectroscopy were done to determine the glass transition temperature. It was found that the network density or amount of cure is proportional to the irradiation dosage, with an upper limit reached above some critical dosage. Dose rate was not found to influence the degree of cure greatly. The crosslinking reaction often became diffusion limited as vitrification occurred. These phenomena were discussed in terms of the well-known Time-Temperature-Transformation diagram. Free radicals trapped in these networks exhibited a finite lifetime. Post-curing can be achieved by annealing at a temperature above the T₉ of the network, as shown by the increase of the glass transition temperature from DSC and dynamic mechanical results. Bis-GMA was mixed with rubbery modifier materials with acrylate and methacrylate functional ends in order to toughen the bis-GMA networks. It was observed that the acrylate end groups were more reactive in EB cured systems than analogous methacrylates probably due to their higher polymerization enthalpy and less steric hindrance. Phase separation, which would provide rubber toughening without depressing the high glass transition temperature, was not achieved by irradiation with the modifying materials at the molecular weights used in this study, but the mixtures were toughened as shown by the dynamic mechanical data. M.S.

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Skibiński, Maciej. "Effect of gem-difluorination on the conformation of selected hydrocarbon systems." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7058.

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Owing to its unique electronic properties, the CF₂ group has the potential to affect the conformation and polarity of molecules. The Introduction provides an overview of the conformational effects induced by the incorporation of fluorine into hydrocarbons, e.g. gauche effect, 1,3-C,F bond repulsion and angle deviation in organofluorine compounds. A summary of synthetic strategies for the introduction of the gem-difluoride motif into organic molecules is also presented. In order to explore the conformational impact of the CF₂ group in alicyclic hydrocarbon systems, cyclododecane was employed as the molecular framework. In 1,1,4,4- and 1,1,7,7- tetrafluorocyclododecanes, two CF₂ groups replaced CH₂ units within the square [3333] cyclododecane ring where the spacing enables the CF₂ groups to occupy adjacent or opposite corner locations. In the case of 1,1,6,6-tetrafluorocyclododecane, one of the CF₂ groups was forced to the edge position, which changes the ring conformation dramatically. Strategic incorporation of two CF₂ groups is shown to either stabilise or significantly alter the conformation of the cyclododecane framework, a revealing conformational preference of the CF₂ group to locate at the corner rather than the edge position of hydrocarbon rings. The study extends to larger cycloalkanes, rectangular [3434] cyclotetradecanes and square [4444] cyclohexadecanes. The target cycloalkanes bearing two CF₂ units were assembled through a novel synthetic route, employing ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as the key step. X-Ray structure analyses revealed that the CF₂ groups occupy exclusively corner locations of these rings too. The spacing between the CF₂ moieties dictates the overall ring conformations and offers a useful tool for controlling molecular arrangement. An accelerating role of the CF₂ group, relative to the CH₂ group, on the ring-closing metathesis of C5-substituted 1,8-nonadienes has also been studied. Remarkably, the CF₂ group exhibited a similar reaction rate to that observed for nonadienes bearing 1,3-dioxolane or dimethylmalonate groups. This effect was rationalised by the thermodynamic stability of the cycloheptene products, rather than a Thorpe-Ingold effect.

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Beriotto, Irene. "Optimising the autotransporter system for secretion and display of heterologous proteins on GMMA." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7652/.

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The Pet Autotransporter protein was engineered and recently proposed as recombinant protein production (RPP) system. This system allows targeting the protein of interest in the culture supernatant fraction. The reduction of diversity and quantity of process impurities and size and number of downstream steps required, increase the overall process robustness and speed-up the process development time for RPP. In the context of this study the platform was investigated for the production of a “difficult” E.coli protein with commercial relevance, C1275. Pet autotransporter was suitable for the production and one step-purification of a protein with comparable purity, thermal stability and immunogenicity to that produced using conventional technology. Additionally, the autotransporter platform was tested for the first time in scaled-up production conditions. The system was compatible with fermentation and the scaled-up conditions resulted in high yield of antigen production even though a further system optimization would be required for a one step-purification process.

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Bailin, Adam. "Regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system by cyclic-di-GMP." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5411.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogen that causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Whereas clinical isolates from acute infections are characterized by host cell cytotoxicity and motility, isolates from chronic infections are characterized by biofilm formation and persistence. The type III secretion system (T3SS) causes cytotoxicity by injecting effectors into host cells. T3SS gene expression is activated by ExsA, an AraC family transcriptional regulator. Transcription of exsA is controlled by two promoters, PexsC and PexsA, which are regulated by ExsA and the cAMP-Vfr system, respectively. Additional global regulatory systems also influence T3SS including the second messenger signaling molecule c-di-GMP and the RsmAYZ regulatory system. c-di-GMP signaling increases biofilm production and decreases acute virulence factor expression. A previous study found that c-di-GMP alters cAMP levels and affect cAMP-Vfr signaling. Other studies found that c-di-GMP signaling alters expression of the small non-coding regulatory RNAs, rsmY and rsmZ. The RsmAYZ post-transcriptional regulatory system regulates ExsA translation. We hypothesize that c-di-GMP regulates T3SS expression by altering exsA transcription through the cAMP-Vfr dependent PexsA promoter. Overexpression of YfiN, a c-di-GMP synthase, decreases T3SS reporter activity in PA103 and requires a functional GGDEF active site for full inhibition. Inhibition by YfiN does not require rsmYZ. YfiN expression decreases cAMP-Vfr signaling and coordinately inhibits PexsA-lacZ reporter activity. Consistent with the proposed model, YfiN expression in a vfr mutant does not further decrease T3SS reporter activity. These data indicate that the YfiN alters T3SS expression through transcriptional control of the cAMP-Vfr dependent PexsA promoter.

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Zhang, Ling. "System and circuit design techniques for WLAN-enabled multi-standard receiver." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1131432639.

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Navalho, David Precatado. "Unified cooperative location system." Master's thesis, FCT- UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2420.

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática. The widespread use of smaller, less expensive, and more capable mobile devices, has opened the door for more complex and varied mobile computing applications. Additionally, manufacturers are increasingly equipping these handheld devices with every type of wireless connectivity and sensors that can be explored for providing more complex services. In recent years, several techniques for location estimation have been developed, providing different degrees of accuracy. Some of these solutions require the installation of specific hardware in the environment, while others explore the existing infrastructure. In particular, it is possible to explore the existing communication infrastructure to build a location system relying on signal strength measures. However, while several systems already exist to locate users based on different approaches, there is no single one that is good for every situation while providing high accuracy, low cost and ubiquitous coverage. Not only that, but very few research has been made regarding on how a group of users can cooperate to improve accuracy or reduce energy consumption while using the location system. This work presents the Unified Cooperative Location System, a modular and extensible location system. Its modular design can use every available technology on each device and different algorithms for location estimation. This approach allows to provide location services with high availability by relying on different technologies. It also allows to reduce the energy consumption on devices by sharing the responsibility of executing energy-heavy operations. The system also includes an information exchange mechanism, allowing devices to gather location information from nearby users, like GPS or Wi-Fi, which would otherwise be unavailable for some. The results of our experiences show that the possibility of exchanging GSM information provides a practical solution for location estimation based on multiple GSM signals, thus significantly increasing location accuracy with this technology.

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Cook, Neil James. "Le gmp cyclique et la phototransduction chez les vertebres." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13147.

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Kurian, Roger Sam. "The benefits to management of using GQM, continuous GQM, and V-GQM in a measurement program." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1248130473.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'System GMM'

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