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Journal articles on the topic 'System margin'
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1
Zheng, Hui Ping. "Stability Margin of Quasi-Periodic Motion in Nonlinear Rotor System: Experimental Validation." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2668.
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Rotor systems applied widely in industry are nonlinear dynamic systems of multi-degree of freedom. They must be not only stability but also have enough stability margins. Stability margins for different motion states in rotor systems are defined based on trajectory-based stability-preserving dimensional-reduction (TSPDR) in a quantitative stability analysis method for rotor systems. With the help of stability margin, dynamic behavior analyses of rotor systems become easy. In this paper, experimental method is used to validate definition and law of stability margin of quasi-periodic motion which was presented in above method. Experiment results in a rotor experiment rig show that regular pattern of stability margin of quasi-periodic motion calculated from measured data accords with the rule of above method. Therefore the definition and the law of stability margin of quasi-periodic motion described in the quantitative stability analysis method are valid in real rotor systems.
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Sönmez, Şahin, and Saffet Ayasun. "Gain and phase margins-based delay margin computation of load frequency control systems using Rekasius substitution." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 12 (2019): 3385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219826653.
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This paper investigates the effect of gain and phase margins (GPMs) on stability delay margin of a two-area load frequency control (LFC) system with constant communication delay. A gain-phase margin tester (GPMT) is introduced to the LFC system as to take into GPMs in delay margin computation. A frequency domain exact method, Rekasius substitution, is proposed to compute the GPMs-based stability delay margins. The method aims to calculate all possible purely complex roots of the characteristic equation for a finite positive time delay. The approach first transforms the characteristic polynomial of the LFC system with transcendental terms into a regular polynomial. Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion is then implemented to compute the purely imaginary roots with the crossing frequency and stability delay margin. For a wide range of proportional–integral controller gains and GPMs, time delay values at which LFC system is both stable and has desired stability margin measured by GPMs are computed. The accuracy of complex roots and delay margins are verified by using an independent algorithm, the quasi-polynomial mapping-based root finder and time-domain simulations. Simulation studies indicate that delay margins must be determined considering GPMs to have a better dynamic performance in term of fast damping of oscillations, less overshoot and settling time.
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Oldřich, Mauer, Houšková Kateřina, and Mikita Tomáš. "The root system of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) at the margins of regenerated stands." Journal of Forest Science 63, No. 1 (2017): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/85/2016-jfs.
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The paper aims to contribute to the determination of reasons causing the irregular growth of young pedunculate oaks occurring at the margins of naturally and artificially regenerated plots neighbouring with adult stands on alluvial sites. It presents analyses of aboveground biometric parameters, mortality, root system architecture of young trees, root density in the soil profile, global solar radiation and soil moisture content in dependence on the location of oaks at the northern, southern, eastern or western margins of the regenerated area and on the distance from the stand margin. The highest impact of the neighbouring adult stand is always recorded on the margin of the regenerated plot while its effect is weakening towards the plot centre, and fading away ca. 7 m behind the crown projection of adult trees. Regardless of the oak location (northern, southern, eastern or western margin), the cause is a high root density of marginal trees of the adult stand, which induces the critical lack of water under their crown projections.
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Turksoy, Omer, Saffet Ayasun, Yakup Hames, and Sahin Sonmez. "Gain-phase margins-based delay-dependent stability analysis of pitch control system of large wind turbines." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 13 (2019): 3626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219834605.
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This paper investigates the effect of gain and phase margins (GPMs) on the delay-dependent stability analysis of the pitch control system (PCS) of large wind turbines (LWTs) with time delays. A frequency-domain based exact method that takes into account both GPMs is utilized to determine stability delay margins in terms of system and controller parameters. A gain-phase margin tester (GPMT) is introduced to the PCS to take into GPMs in delay margin computation. For a wide range of proportional–integral controller gains, time delay values at which the PCS is both stable and have desired stability margin measured by GPMs are computed. The accuracy of stability delay margins is verified by an independent algorithm, Quasi-Polynomial Mapping Based Rootfinder (QPmR) and time-domain simulations. The time-domain simulation studies also indicate that delay margins must be determined considering GPMs to have a better dynamic performance in term of fast damping of oscillations, less overshoot and settling time.
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Peace, Alexander L., and J. Kim Welford. "Conjugate margins — An oversimplification of the complex southern North Atlantic rift and spreading system?" Interpretation 8, no. 2 (2020): SH33—SH49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0087.1.
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The prevalence of conjugate margin terminology and studies in the scientific literature is testimony to the contribution that this concept and approach has made to the study of passive margins, and more broadly extensional tectonics. However, when applied to the complex rift, transform, and spreading system of the southern North Atlantic (i.e., the passive margins of Newfoundland, Labrador, Ireland, Iberia, and southern Greenland), it becomes obvious that at these passive continental margin settings, additional geologic phenomena complicate this convenient description. These aspects include (1) the preservation of relatively undeformed continental fragments, (2) formation of transform systems and oblique rifts, (3) triple junctions (with rift and spreading axes), (4) multiple failed rift axes, (5) postbreakup processes such as magmatism, (6) localized subduction, and (7) ambiguity in identification of oceanic isochrons. Comparison of two different published reconstructions of the region indicates the ambiguity in conducting conjugate margin studies. This demonstrates the need for a more pragmatic approach to the study of continental passive margin settings where a greater emphasis is placed on the inclusion of these possibly complicating features in palinspastic reconstructions, plate tectonics, and evolutionary models.
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Arnardóttir, Oddný Mjöll. "Rethinking the Two Margins of Appreciation." European Constitutional Law Review 12, no. 1 (2016): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019616000018.
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European Court of Human Rights – Subsidiarity – Margin of appreciation – Deference – Theorising the margin of appreciation based on a large case law study – The ‘systemic’ (rethought ‘structural’) element of the margin of appreciation relies on a functional rationale related to the distribution of tasks within the European system for the protection of human rights and is based on non-merits reasons – The ‘normative’ (rethought ‘substantive’) element reflects normative flexibility and is based on merits reasons – Both margins reflect the principle of subsidiarity – The two margins most often interact in partial deference but the systemic margin can also lead to complete deference – Presumptions of complete deference in the case law of the Court – Implications of increased reliance on the systemic margin as the Court moves emphasis from ‘substantive’ to ‘procedural’ review.
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Feng, Xiaogang, Zhihong Ye, Fred C. Lee, and Dushan Borojevic. "PEBB System Stability Margin Monitoring." Journal of Vibration and Control 8, no. 2 (2002): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754602023820.
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PEBB (power electronics building block) systems are typical nonlinear systems. Under the conventional but still popular linear control design, the system stability margin varies from one operating point to another. This paper introduces a novel approach to monitoring the DC bus stability margin of a PEBB system online. At the steady state of the system, a small-signal perturbation current î p is injected into the DC bus, and the load-side response current î L is measured. By checking the validation |î L ( jw)| < |î p ( jw)|, the system stability margin can be examined. Experiments on a 48 V DC DPS demonstrate the proposed measurement approach. An implementation approach is also proposed for an 800 V DC PEBB-based testbed system.
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Levy, Yanir, David Rempel, Mark Nguyen, et al. "The Fusion of Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography and AI: Advancing Breast Cancer Surgical Margin Visualization." Life 13, no. 12 (2023): 2340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13122340.
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This study explores the integration of Wide Field Optical Coherence Tomography (WF-OCT) with an AI-driven clinical decision support system, with the goal of enhancing productivity and decision making in breast cancer surgery margin assessment. A computationally efficient convolutional neural network (CNN)-based binary classifier is developed using 585 WF-OCT margin scans from 151 subjects. The CNN model swiftly identifies suspicious areas within margins with an on-device inference time of approximately 10 ms for a 420 × 2400 image. In independent testing on 155 pathology-confirmed margins, including 31 positive margins from 29 patients, the classifier achieved an AUROC of 0.976, a sensitivity of 0.93, and a specificity of 0.98. At the margin level, the deep learning model accurately identified 96.8% of pathology-positive margins. These results highlight the clinical viability of AI-enhanced margin visualization using WF-OCT in breast cancer surgery and its potential to decrease reoperation rates due to residual tumors.
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An, Wei Guang, G. P. Tian, L. Zhou, and Li Wang. "Integrity Stable Reliability Analysis of Stochastic Structure System under Multiple Stochastic Loads." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.329.
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Generally, a safe margin equation is established by critical load coefficient and external load coefficient of the system in structural integrity stable reliability analysis, and then the reliability index of structural integrity stability is educed. Critical load coefficient is always obtained on condition that structure is acted on by one load. Actually, besides one load acting on the structure, their distribution is not always the same. In addition, because of the stochastic characteristic of structure system itself (e.g., cross-section of element, length, modulus of elasticity etc. are random variables), it is difficult for structural integrity stable reliability analysis. According to the theory of structure system stability and basal concept of reliability, the safe margins of structure system under different distribution loads are presented in this paper. The expression of safe margin sensitivity is given by stochastic finite element method because the safe margin is the expression of implicit function. Furthermore, the reliability indexes of the safe margin under different condition are educed by the advanced first order second moment method (AFOSM). By comparison and analysis, the structural integrity stable reliability index is ultimately obtained.
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Kurniawansyah, K., Ishak Rahman, and S. Saupiat. "ANALISIS EFISIENSI SALURAN PEMASARAN HASIL TAMBAK UDANG TRADISIONAL (Studi Pada Tambak Udang Tradisional di Desa Labuhan Alas)." Samalewa: Jurnal Riset & Kajian Manajemen 1, no. 2 (2021): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58406/samalewa.v1i2.478.
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This study aims to know the shrimp marketing system of traditional ponds in Labuhan Alas Village, Alas District, Sumbawa District, margins of each shrimp marketing institution, shrimp marketing channel and to know efficiency of shrimp marketing in each marketing method in Labuhan Alas Village. , Alas Sub-District, Sumbawa District. The type of this study was descriptive study used quantitative and qualitative data. Data was collected through interviews. Analysis of the data used was descriptive statistics using the formula to calculate margins and the efficiency of each marketing agency and marketing channel. The result of study showed that shrimp marketing system in Labuhan Alas Village, Alas Sub-District, Sumbawa District consisted of two marketing channels, namely: (1) fisherman ? collector ? retailer, (2) fisherman ? collector ? distributor/agent trader ? retailer. In marketing channel I, collectors had margin of Rp. 6.300/Kg and it was the highest margin in this channel, while in retailers, it was Rp. 2.000/Kg. In Marketing Channel II, collectors had the highest margin of Rp. 6.3000/Kg, dealers/agents had margin of Rp. 6.000/Kg, then retailers had margin of Rp. 6.000/Kg. The most efficient marketing channel was marketing channel I with percentage of marketing efficiency of 5,73%, it was because there were few marketing institutions and the costs incurred in marketing channel I was smaller than other marketing channels with the highest share margin of 84,91%.
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Handoyo, Rossanto Dwi, Kabiru Hannafi Ibrahim, Tutus Wahyuni, Fernanda Reza Muhammad, and Abdul-Azeez Sani Baraya. "Trade margins of rubber exporters: The case of Indonesia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0292160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292160.
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This study used a two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM) and spatial aspects to analyze Indonesia’s trade margins of a rubber product to export destination countries over the period 2009–2018. The study unraveled the role of non-tariff measures such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS), technical barriers to trade (TBT), and gravity factors in determining rubber trade margins. Our empirical strategies revealed that sanitary and phytosanitary policies negatively affect trade margins, while the technical barrier to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) asserts a positive impact on trade margins. However, the economics of scale, port, and contiguity increases extensive margin and reduces intensive, population size, distance, and language barrier reduce extensive margin and increase intensive margin. Further evidence revealed that high population size and port quality accompanied by high FDI and distance increases extensive margin and reduces intensive margin. High economics of scale accompanied by distance, port quality, FDI, and population size reduces both trade margins. Our empirical strategy from the spatial analysis does not give overall significant results on each variable as only economies of scale and population size seem to have a spatial influence on trade margins. The study, therefore, recommends that innovation both in terms of technology, like industrial innovation in the field of rubber processing and certification related to rubber commodities, needs to be increased to intensify and expand Indonesia’s rubber market share.
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Bilgeri, Annika, Alexander Klein, Lars H. Lindner, et al. "The Effect of Resection Margin on Local Recurrence and Survival in High Grade Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities: How Far Is Far Enough?" Cancers 12, no. 9 (2020): 2560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092560.
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Background: The significance of surgical margins after resection of soft tissue sarcomas in respect to local-recurrence-free survival and overall survival is evaluated. Methods: A total of 305 patients with deep-seated, G2/3 soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremity, the trunk wall, or the pelvis were reviewed. The margin was defined according to the Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC) classification system (R0-2), the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) classification (R + 1 mm) for which a margin <1 mm is included into the R1 group, and in groups of <1 mm, 1–5 mm, >5 mm, or >10 mm. Results: Of these patients, 31 (10.2%) had a contaminated margin, 64 (21%) a margin of <1 mm, 123 (40.3%) a margin of 1–5 mm, 47 (15.4%) a margin of >5 mm, and 40 (13.1%) a margin of >10 mm. The 5-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) was 81.6%. Overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 65.9%. Positive margins worsened LRFS and OS. A margin of >10 mm did not improve LRFS and OS as compared to one of >5 mm. Conclusions: A resection margin of <1 mm showed a trend but not significantly better LRFS or OS compared to a contaminated margin. This finding supports use of the UICC classification. A margin of more than 10 mm did not improve LRFS or OS.
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Bellizzi, A. M., M. Bloomston, S. M. Bellizzi, W. L. Marsh, and W. L. Frankel. "Assessment of prognostic factors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Focus on the retroperitoneal margin." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): e15670-e15670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15670.
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e15670 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a leading cause of cancer death in the West, with a nearly superimposable incidence and mortality. Resection is the only chance for cure, and various features in resection specimens correlate with outcome. While most consider the uncinate margin (UM) to be the true retroperitoneal margin, it has been suggested that the posterior pancreatic surface (PPS) may also be important. At another site with a retroperitoneal margin (i.e. rectum), 1 mm margins are significant. We thus evaluated margin status in various ways, focusing on the retroperitoneal region and emphasizing outcome. Methods: We identified all pancreaticoduodenectomies for PDA over a 6 year period in which the PPS was histologically evaluable. Tumors were assessed for the following: size, stage, grade, lymph node (LN) status, vascular and perineural invasion, and margin status. Margin status was evaluated in 3 ways: traditional margins (tumor at pancreatic neck, bile duct, and/or uncinate margins), 1 mm margins (traditional + tumor within 1 mm of UM), and PPS margins (traditional + tumor within 1 mm of PPS or UM). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed with univariate factors compared by log rank analysis; multivariate analysis was done using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Fifty-one tumors exhibited the following features: size (mean 3.3 cm), stage (48 T3), grade (27 low, 24 high), LN status (11 neg, 40 pos), positive margins (13 traditional, 23 1 mm, and 32 PPS). Nearly all tumors exhibited at least focal vascular and perineural invasion. Grade influenced survival (p=0.0001), while size (p=0.417) and traditional and PPS margins did not (p=0.5 and 0.95). LN status and 1 mm margins trended toward significance (p=0.17 and 0.2). Conclusions: Use of a two-tiered grading system is highly correlated with survival. Neither tumor size, LN status, nor traditional or PPS margins are significant, while 1 mm margins trend toward significance. Although lack of significance of some features (i.e. size, LN status, and traditional margin status) may be attributable to modest sample size, lack of significance of the PPS may reflect its anatomic nature (i.e. not a true surgical margin). Additional study of 1 mm margins in a larger tumor set is warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Chandrashekhar, P. K., and S. G. Srivani. "Synchrophasor-Based Online Transient Stability Assessment Using Regression Models." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 20, no. 2 (2022): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2022202.246763.
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An online post-fault transient stability assessment method is proposed in this study using synchrophasor or PMU measurements. Initially, a post-fault multimachine system is converted into a suitable one machine infinite bus (OMIB) system using the single machine equivalent (SIME) method. Thus, the - trajectory obtained through the OMIB system enabled a normalized transient stability index to be calculated offline. By using synchrophasor measurements before and during the fault as inputs, the regression model can be trained offline to predict the normalized stability margins. Following a fault, the synchrophasor measurements are used as input to this trained model for online stability margin prediction. If the predicted margin is negative, then the post-fault power system is indicated to be unstable. Alternatively, positive values for the predicted margin identify the system as stable. The proposed assessment method is verified using the New England (NE) 39 bus test system. The results obtained are then compared with offline simulations.
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Ohn, Sung Min, Hwa Chang Song, and Byong Hoon Jang. "Parameter Determination for Back-to-Back Converters in Power Systems to Enhance Interface Flow Margins." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3964.
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This paper presents a method to determine parameters of BTB (back-to-back) converters in terms of the enhancement of interface flow margins. Interface flow margin is by definition a measure of how much active power can be transferred from the external areas to the study area with the fixed load demand, and it is mainly constrained by system voltage stability. BTB converters are controllable equipments with the active power flow through them, and its DC link in fact can divide the AC systems at the location and hence can reduce the fault current level. This paper first calculates margin enhancement sensitivities at the nose point of F-V curves and formulates an optimization problem to update the BTB parameters to improve the margins. This procedure is repeated performed until the required margin enhancement is achieved.
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Bergano, N. S., F. W. Kerfoot, and C. R. Davidsion. "Margin measurements in optical amplifier system." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 5, no. 3 (1993): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.205619.
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Ayasun, Saffet, Ulaş Eminoğlu, and Şahin Sönmez. "Computation of Stability Delay Margin of Time-Delayed Generator Excitation Control System with a Stabilizing Transformer." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/392535.
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This paper investigates the effect of time delays on the stability of a generator excitation control system compensated with a stabilizing transformer known as rate feedback stabilizer to damp out oscillations. The time delays are due to the use of measurement devices and communication links for data transfer. An analytical method is presented to compute the delay margin for stability. The delay margin is the maximum amount of time delay that the system can tolerate before it becomes unstable. First, without using any approximation, the transcendental characteristic equation is converted into a polynomial without the transcendentality such that its real roots coincide with the imaginary roots of the characteristic equation exactly. The resulting polynomial also enables us to easily determine the delay dependency of the system stability and the sensitivities of crossing roots with respect to the time delay. Then, an expression in terms of system parameters and imaginary root of the characteristic equation is derived for computing the delay margin. Theoretical delay margins are computed for a wide range of controller gains and their accuracy is verified by performing simulation studies. Results indicate that the addition of a stabilizing transformer to the excitation system increases the delay margin and improves the system damping significantly.
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Putri, Dyah Widhowaty Eko Purnomo, and Agus Widarjono. "Effect of Stability and Funding Risk on Shariah Rural Bank's Profitability." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 10, no. 6 (2023): 620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol10iss20236pp620-631.
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ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of stability and funding risk, as well as bank-specific factors and macroeconomic variables, on Shariah Rural Bank's margin. We investigated 83 Shariah Rural Banks (SRBs) on the island of Java from 2017 to 2021 with quarterly data. We employed the dynamic panel data regression with the two-step system GMM method. Our study also splits SRBs into large and small SRBs. Our findings show that the stability and funding risk positively influence the margin. The CAR positively influences the margin but assets, CIR, and NPF are negatively associated with the margin. However, stability and funding risk can increase margin only for large SRBs. Our results imply that SRBs should increase their equity and mobilize their third party to improve their margin. In addition, SRBs should improve their operating efficiency and manage low financing risk. This research contributed to Islamic banking literature by including stability and funding risk in influencing margins. Keywords: Stability, funding risk, bank-specific variable, Margin, Shariah rural banks ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh stabilitas dan resiko pendanaan serta faktor spesifik bank dan kondisi makroekonomi terhadap margin dari Bank Pembiayaan Rakyat Shariah (BPRS). Studi ini menganalisis BPRS di Jawa yang berjumlah 83 bank pada 2017-2021 dengan data kuartalan. Metode estimasi adalah regresi panel dinamis dengan metode two-step system GMM. Selanjutnya, studi ini membagi BPRS menjadi BPRS besar dan kecil. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa stabilitas dan resiko pendanaan berpengaruh positif terhadap margin. CAR berpengaruh positif sedangkan asset, CIR, dan NPF berpengaruh negatif terhadap margin. Namun, stabilitas dan resiko pendanaan berpengaruh terhadap margin hanya pada BPRS besar. Implikasinya, BPRS harus meningkatkan permodalan dan memobilisasi deposito supaya meningkatkan margin serta BPRS harus memperbaiki efisiensi dan mengurangi pembiayaan macet. Kontribusi penelitian adalah penggunaan variabel stabiltias dan resiko pendanaan di dalam mempengaruhi margin. Kata kunci: Stabilitas, Resiko pendanaan, Bank spesifik, Margin, BPRS.
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Khalil, Ashraf, and Dina Shona Laila. "An Accurate Method for Computing the Delay Margin in Load Frequency Control System with Gain and Phase Margins." Energies 15, no. 9 (2022): 3434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093434.
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In traditional power systems, a dedicated communication channel is utilized to transfer the frequency measurements. With the deregulation and reconstruction of power systems, the information is sent through a shared communication network that makes time delays unavoidable in load frequency control (LFC) systems. With the existence of time delays, the LFC system becomes a standard time delay system that complicates the stability analysis and controller synthesis. In this paper, we present a new approach for analyzing the stability and determining the delay margin of the LFC system. By introducing a new variable, the transcendental equation is converted to nonlinear equations. To find the crossing frequencies, the nonlinear equations are solved, which is simpler than solving a set of linear matrix inequalities. A single-area and a multi-area LFC system are selected as case studies. The new method accurately determines the delay margin of the LFC system with phase and gain margin. The effect of the PI controller gains on the delay margin is also considered. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to discover the effects of the system parameters on the delay margin, and it is found that the primary loop parameters have a powerful influence on the delay margin. The stability region of the LFC system is also clearly identified through the proposed method. The influence of the system parameters on the stability region is studied. Compared to the published methods in the literature, the proposed method has a simpler structure while giving more accurate results.
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Abassian, M., F. Shirani Bidabadi, and H. Ebrahimzadeh. "Efficiency of date marketing system in Sistan & Bluchestan of Iran; a marketing margin approach." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 1 (2010): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2009-agricecon.
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As Sistan and Blouchistan province is one of the most important date producers in Iran, an attempt is made to estimate the economic function of factors affecting the date marketing margin in the province. The data required in this research have been collected through the field survey and document analysis. The results of the estimation of marketing margin functions was obtained through utilizing of the combination of models including the Price Increase Model, Relative Price and Marketing Margin. The data analysis indicates that the farm-gate price and the harvest margin of dates are among the highly influential factors on the entire marketing margin. The retail-margin function is influenced by the retail price and the retailer cost and the wholesale margin function is affected by the wholesale price and the wholesaler cost. Calculation of the market transparency determination criteria shows that due to the fact that the total of the farm-gate price and marketing costs are less than the retail sale, there is a lack of transparency in the studied marketing channels which in turn resulted in the declining market efficiency.
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Muchlis, Saiful. "SYARI'AH OPTIMIZATION OF BUSINESS THEORY IN PREVENTING RIBA PRACTICES IN MURABAHAH CONTRACT (Case Study at Muamalat Indonesian Bank)." International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics 4, no. 1 (2019): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/ijibe.4.1.563-581.
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This study aims to (1) determine the determination of the murabahah contract margin from the Asset / Liability Management Committee (ALCO) perspective, (2) know the Shari'ah Enterprise Theory (SET) approach in realizing the murabahah contract margin system in accordance with sharia principles. This research is a qualitative research using an interpretive paradigm with a phenomenological approach that takes the location of research at Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using the interview method with informants and some other secondary supporting data obtained from the entity's official website. The data management and analysis techniques are carried out through three stages, namely through data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing (verification).The results of the research show that the implementation of the Murabahah contract margin system at Bank Muamalat Indonesia is considered not to have fully implemented the sharia concepts and principles. This is because the ALCO Team is still based on the BI (Bank Indonesia) rate so that the determination of margins is still in accordance with the prevailing interest rates at Bank Indonesia. Thus, it can be said that Bank Muamalat still contains elements of usury because it makes BI interest rates as a material consideration in determining the applicable margin in Islamic banks. So that SET is considered able to realize the murabahah contract margin system because it contains the values of justice, truth, honesty, trustworthiness and accountability and is expected to complement or improve the margin system of the murabahah agreement to conform to the actual sharia principles.
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Gurz, Selcuk, Yurdanur Sullu, Leman Tomak, Necmiye Gul Temel, and Aysen Sengul. "Comparison of Margin Quality for Intersegmental Plan Identification in Pulmonary Segmentectomy." Medicina 61, no. 3 (2025): 535. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61030535.
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Background and Objectives: Insufficient margin in lung cancer is associated with an increased locoregional recurrence rate. In pulmonary segmentectomy, two commonly used methods for identifying the intersegmental plane are inflation–deflation and indocyanine green dyeing. The aim of this study was to compare these two methods in terms of quality margins and to evaluate their superiority. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent segmentectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for pulmonary nodules and underwent preoperative planning with 3D modeling between October 2020 and February 2024 were included in this study. The location of the nodule and the distance to the intersegmental margins were virtually measured preoperatively using an open-source 3D modeling system. Patients were grouped according to the method of identifying the intersegmental margins. Group 1 included segmentectomies performed by the inflation–deflation method (n = 42), and Group 2 included segmentectomies performed by systemic indocyanine green (ICG) injection (n = 21). The area where the histopathological nodule was measured closest to the intersegmental margin was recorded. Values within (+/−10 mm) compared to the value measured in the three-dimensional model were considered successful. The obtained data were statistically compared between the groups. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of virtual and pathological margins. However, in terms of margin quality, the rate of deviation detected in the pathological margin compared to the measured virtual margin was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.04). Accordingly, the success rate was 64.3% in Group 1 and 90.5% in Group 2 (p = 0.05). In Group 1, the failure rate was highly against the adjacent parenchyma. There was no significant difference between the groups in the analysis of simple and complex segmentectomies. Conclusions: Intersegmental plane identification with indocyanine green increases the margin quality by defining resection margins closer to the virtual margins. In the inflation–deflation method, unnecessary parenchymal loss occurs due to disadvantages in identifying intersegmental margins.
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Pergner, Isabell, and Christian Lippert. "Identifying Risk-Efficient Crop Portfolios for Different Cropping Systems by Analyzing the Tradeoffs Between Arable Farming Profits and Profit Stability." German Journal of Agricultural Economics 74 (March 3, 2025): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.52825/gjae.v74i.2557.
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As in agriculture uncertainties have increased due to extreme weather events and yield variations, a critical examination of crop rotation strategies is needed. This study analyses the relationship between risk and crop rotation planning, addressing the challenges posed by an increasing yield variability and related total contribution margin fluctuations. For the systems ‘conventional farming’, ‘organic farming’ and ‘farming without pesticides, but with mineral fertilizer’ time series data of crop yields, prices and variable costs are collected. The data is used for a Monte Carlo simulation that yields average contribution margins for the considered crops and their (co-)variances, which are needed to build a hypothetical model farm. Relying upon Quadratic Risk Programming, the expected total contribution margins are maximized for a set of fixed total contribution margin variances. Efficient frontiers are derived that show respective optimum combinations of the expected value of the total contribution margin and its standard deviation. Organic farming shows high average total contribution margins for optimized crop rotations, but also increased variance compared to other cropping systems. The inclusion of cereals in a crop rotation lowers the risk, whereas the inclusion of potatoes and sugar beet increases the risk within a crop portfolio across all systems. Optimizing and diversifying the crop portfolio for each cropping system is essential. An optimized farming system without pesticides, but with mineral fertilizer exhibits lower risk but also lower total contribution margin compared to other systems. This is due to a different crop portfolio but also to relatively low prices and yields.
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Pawar, Aniket, and Kishor Deshmukh. "Prediction of Strap Joint Design Margin in After Treatment System." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 12, no. 9 (2023): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.i9712.0812923.
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The automotive vehicle has an exhaust system, also known as the after treatment System. It consists of different components such as Diesel Oxidation catalysts (DOC), Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems (SCR), etc. These components are mounted in the chassis with the help of strap joints. The strap joints provide flexible and serviceable connections between ATS bodies and chassis. The strap joint assembly consists of a T bolt, trunnion, and nut with strap. As the nut tightened, the tension induced in the strap, which results in clamping the body. If the tension in the strap is not sufficient, it may cause the failure of the joint. The failure can be yielding of material, slipping, and separation of the body. The strap joint should be designed so that these kinds of failures can be avoided. This paper presents the work on the calculation of the design margin using analytical and FEA methods. The failure modes addressed in this paper are yielding of the strap joint due to applied preload on the T bolt, slipping, and separation of the ATS body from the strap due to the application of dynamic loads such as acceleration G loads in multiple directions. The acceleration load is calculated from the PSD profile. For calculating design margins from the FEA method, nonlinear analysis is performed, followed by PSD analysis to estimate the bracket reaction forces. These reaction forces are used to calculate slip and separation margins. The tests were performed under similar conditions on a shaker table, and the results from both analytical and FEA methods were correlated with test observations to validate the proposed method of calculation of strap join design margin.
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Aniket, Pawar, and Deshmukh Kishor. "Prediction of Strap Joint Design Margin in After Treatment System." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 12, no. 9 (2023): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.I9712.0812923.
Full textAbstract:
The automotive vehicle has an exhaust system, also known as the after treatment System. It consists of different components such as Diesel Oxidation catalysts (DOC), Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF), Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems (SCR), etc. These components are mounted in the chassis with the help of strap joints. The strap joints provide flexible and serviceable connections between ATS bodies and chassis. The strap joint assembly consists of a T bolt, trunnion, and nut with strap. As the nut tightened, the tension induced in the strap, which results in clamping the body. If the tension in the strap is not sufficient, it may cause the failure of the joint. The failure can be yielding of material, slipping, and separation of the body. The strap joint should be designed so that these kinds of failures can be avoided. This paper presents the work on the calculation of the design margin using analytical and FEA methods. The failure modes addressed in this paper are yielding of the strap joint due to applied preload on the T bolt, slipping, and separation of the ATS body from the strap due to the application of dynamic loads such as acceleration G loads in multiple directions. The acceleration load is calculated from the PSD profile. For calculating design margins from the FEA method, nonlinear analysis is performed, followed by PSD analysis to estimate the bracket reaction forces. These reaction forces are used to calculate slip and separation margins. The tests were performed under similar conditions on a shaker table, and the results from both analytical and FEA methods were correlated with test observations to validate the proposed method of calculation of strap join design margin.
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Qamber, Isa Salman, and Mohamed Y. Al-Hamad. "Power System Market Planning." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 11 (2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.11.1602.
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The loss of load expectation (LOLE) considered an acceptable security standard across most of the national electricity systems. In the present study, the LOLE is calculated. This means that the LOLE needs developing a model. The developed model serving to assesses the security of supply risks associated with the different electricity capacity margin levels, where the capacity margin is the level by which available electricity generation capacity exceeds the maximum expected level of demand. Then, the developed model updated on an annual basis. The annual update is helping to fulfill the Electricity Authority for planning, operation and control. The developed model will assess the system by calculating the capacity margin probability by combining both the generation and load models. The calculation of LOLE is an internationally accepted criterion in capacity adequacy. The results for the model of each region vary due to several factors, such as generation resource, load forecast, and forced outage rates (FOR). The estimation of the risk is economically optimal reserve margin to a number of case studies assumptions considered in the present study. The results help in future planning for the electric system operation and control. Furthermore, the study is helping to evaluate the implications of the obtained results for the electricity policy market to determine the best model for market design in the future.
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Qamber, Isa Salman, and Mohamed Y. Al-Hamad. "Power System Market Planning." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, no. 11 (2019): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.11.1602.
Full textAbstract:
The loss of load expectation (LOLE) considered an acceptable security standard across most of the national electricity systems. In the present study, the LOLE is calculated. This means that the LOLE needs developing a model. The developed model serving to assesses the security of supply risks associated with the different electricity capacity margin levels, where the capacity margin is the level by which available electricity generation capacity exceeds the maximum expected level of demand. Then, the developed model updated on an annual basis. The annual update is helping to fulfill the Electricity Authority for planning, operation and control. The developed model will assess the system by calculating the capacity margin probability by combining both the generation and load models. The calculation of LOLE is an internationally accepted criterion in capacity adequacy. The results for the model of each region vary due to several factors, such as generation resource, load forecast, and forced outage rates (FOR). The estimation of the risk is economically optimal reserve margin to a number of case studies assumptions considered in the present study. The results help in future planning for the electric system operation and control. Furthermore, the study is helping to evaluate the implications of the obtained results for the electricity policy market to determine the best model for market design in the future.
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Ding, Li Jie, and Hang Fan. "BOCS Based Power System Stability Margin Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.693.
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This paper focuses on the estimation of the stability index of a power system after a severe disturbance. The description of the stability margin has always been a challenging issue but by introducing a ball-on-concave-surface system, the assessment of the power system stability is equivalent to the analysis to the motion state of the ball on concave. According to the continuous measurement of PMU, the parameter of the concave can be determined which is useful to judge the stability margin of the power system. Tests have been conducted on the systems with two generators and results show it can be accurate and reliable.
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GENG, ZHIYONG, and LIN HUANG. "Stability margin of a closed interval system." International Journal of Systems Science 29, no. 6 (1998): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729808929554.
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Nakagawa, T., K. Yasui, and M. Motoori. "Optimal fault margin in a computer system." Microelectronics Reliability 30, no. 6 (1990): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(90)90290-4.
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Pekmezci, Melike, Ramin Morshed, Pranathi Chunduru, et al. "SURG-07. DETECTION OF GLIOMA INFILTRATION AT THE TUMOR MARGIN USING QUANTITATIVE STIMULATED RAMAN SCATTERING MICROSCOPY." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (2020): ii204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.854.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Differentiating neoplastic tumor tissues from normal brain at the infiltrative tumor margin remains challenging. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy (SRM) is a rapid, label-free technique that provides microscopic imaging of unprocessed tissues. However, it has never been studied as a tool to enhance extent of resection. METHODS In this single center study, patients with WHO II-IV gliomas undergoing surgical resection were included. Margin samples were taken with corresponding stereotactic coordinates. Each tumor margin sample was analyzed using (1) H&E, (2) SRM, and (3) immunohistochemical (IHC) stains for IDH1-R132H or p53. Specimens were imaged fresh with SRM, inked for orientation and placed in formalin for routine processing. Stained slides were scored by 3-neuro-pathologists using a semiquantitative 2-tiered scoring system for the presence or absence of residual tumor. SRM microscopy images were segmented into cellularity. The intraobserver measure of agreement between modalities for each pathologist was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. RESULTS A total of 31 patients and 179 margin specimens were acquired. Postoperative MRI confirmed that 169 (94%) of glioma margin sample coordinates were indeed at the tumor margins (10 of 179 were not true margins). All 10 samples which were not true margins were identified as having residual tumor by SRM. IHC semiquantitative scoring of margin specimen confirmed 72 of 128 samples (56%) had residual tumor. Similarly, H&E-scoring confirmed 82 of 169 samples (49%) and 82 of 167 samples (49%) by SRM-scoring had residual tumor. Intraobserver agreements between all 3 modalities confirmed agreement: IHC-SRM was near perfect (K-0.84, CI-0.750-0.94); IHC-H&E substantial, (K-0.67 CI-0.54-0.80); SRM-H&E agreement substantial (K-0.72 CI-0.62-0.83). Margin samples with residual tumor demonstrated higher tissue cellularity when compared with samples without tumor (p&lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS SRM allows for identification of residual microscopic disease at the infiltrative tumor margin and therefore may be a promising tool to enhance extent of resection.
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Goel, Neha, Jimson W. D’Souza, Karen J. Ruth, et al. "The Utility of Preoperative Vascular Grading in Patients Undergoing Surgery First for Pancreatic Cancer: Does Radiologic Arterial or Venous Involvement Predict Pathologic Margin Status?" Journal of Oncology 2018 (August 13, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7675262.
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Controversy exists on accurately grading vascular involvement on preoperative imaging for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We reviewed the association between preoperative imaging and margin status in 137 patients. Radiologists graded venous involvement based on the Ishikawa classification system and arterial involvement based on preoperative imaging. For patients with both classifications recorded, we categorized vascular involvement as “None,” “Arterial only,” “Venous only,” or “Both” and examined the association of vascular involvement and pathologic margin status. Of 134 patients with Ishikawa classifications, 63%, 17%, 11%, and 9% were graded as I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Of 96 patients with arterial staging, 74%, 16%, and 10% were categorized as stages i, ii, and iii, respectively. Of 93 patients with both stagings, 61% had no vascular involvement, 7% had arterial only, 14% had venous only, and 17% had both involved. Ishikawa classification was strongly associated with a positive SMA and SMV margin (p<0.001). However, for arterial staging, there was no association with SMA or SMV margin. Overall, Ishikawa grading was more predicative of arterial involvement and remained significant on multivariate analysis. The use of diagnostic imaging in predicting positive margins is more accurate when using a venous grading system.
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Rumerung, Dientje, Steven Siaila, and Izaac Matitaputty. "Analysis of marketing distribution efficiency of small pelagic fish on Ambon Island with path analysis." Acta logistica 11, no. 4 (2024): 627–38. https://doi.org/10.22306/al.v11i4.560.
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This study aims to develop a path analysis of marketing distribution efficiency of small pelagic fish in the islands, particularly on Ambon Island, and investigate its most significant determinant. Producer price, consumer price, marketing cost and marketing margin are examined as determinants of marketing efficiency. An efficient marketing system provides benefits for business actors involved in the production process, so that their products can reach target consumers. A longer marketing chain results in higher marketing costs, which ultimately determines the end consumer price. The data was analysed in a descriptive-quantitative manner, conducting a supply chain analysis and a path analysis to determine the marketing margin and marketing efficiency of small pelagic fish marketing distribution in Ambon City. The results show that all distribution channels are efficient because the calculated efficiency value is <30%. First path analysis producer prices (X1) have no significant effect on marketing margin (Y), consumer prices (X2) have a positive and significant effect on marketing margins (X3); and marketing costs have a significant effect on marketing margin (Y). The second equation, all variables (X1, X2, and X3) have a significant effect on marketing distribution efficiency (Z) through marketing margin (Y). It can be concluded that marketing costs and marketing margins greatly influence the efficiency of marketing distribution. These findings imply that to gain profits, small pelagic fish fishermen (as producers) must estimate marketing costs accurately.
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Rempel, David, Andrew Berkeley, David Moos, et al. "Abstract CT230: A prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-arm trial to determine the impact of the Perimeter B-Series OCT System on positive margin rates in breast conservation surgery." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (2022): CT230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-ct230.
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Abstract Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution tissue-imaging modality that enables real-time imaging up to 2mm deep. The Perimeter B-Series OCT System combines wide field-OCT (WF-OCT) with an artificial intelligence system, ImgAssist, to assist clinicians in the detection of lesions suspicious for breast cancer. The objective of this investigational device trial is to assess adjunctive Perimeter B-Series OCT System use compared to standard care in identifying and addressing positive margins intraoperatively. Design: Prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-arm trial in females with biopsy-confirmed cancer undergoing breast conservation surgery (BCS) (NCT05113927). Following lumpectomy and standard-of-care intraoperative margin assessment participants will be randomized to a device or control arm (2:1 schema). Controls may undergo intraoperative pathology or frozen section analysis, per routine. WF-OCT will be done on all device arm specimens, with an opportunity to excise tissue from the lumpectomy cavity post-analysis. The new margin will be imaged with WF-OCT and the surgeon may take up to a maximum of 6 total shaves, including up to 2 shaves in each orientation. Eligibility: Adult females undergoing breast conservation surgery for biopsy-confirmed Stage 0-III invasive ductal and/or DCIS are eligible, including post-neoadjuvant therapy. Pregnant or lactating, those with Stage IV cancer, lobular carcinoma as primary diagnosis, previous ipsilateral breast surgery, multi-centric or bilateral disease, use of cryolocalization, or any treatment affecting margin integrity will be excluded. Specific Aim: The study hypothesis is that use of the Perimeter B-Series OCT System in BCS will reduce the proportion of subjects with at least 1 unaddressed positive margin. The primary endpoint is occurrence of aat least 1 unaddressed positive margin for a subject. The secondary endpoint is the number of unaddressed positive margins per subject. Safety includes Adverse Events; false-positive shaves per subject (device arm); and BREAST-Q Satisfaction with Breasts subscale. Other outcomes are total excised tissue volume, initial and all procedures including repeat surgeries; margin-level effectiveness (sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV); and operative time. Statistical Methods: The study was powered via the primary endpoint, assuming a 15% unaddressed margin rate, 90% power, 2:1 device-to-control ratio, and 10% loss of subjects due to screen or device failure. Both the primary and secondary effectiveness endpoints are based on within-subject comparison of the 2 treatments in the device arm (SOC+WF-OCT). Planned Accrual: 309 subjects (206 device, 103 control) will be enrolled at 8 centers over approximately 12 months. Citation Format: David Rempel, Andrew Berkeley, David Moos, Allison A. DiPasquale, Maryam Elmi, Richard E. Fine, Marie Lee, Bridget O’Brien, John F. Turner, Lee G. Wilke, Alastair Thompson. A prospective, multi-center, randomized, double-arm trial to determine the impact of the Perimeter B-Series OCT System on positive margin rates in breast conservation surgery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr CT230.
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Quader, Mohammed M. Abdol, Mohamed A. Osman, and Gamal M. El Maghraby. "INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF EPROSARTAN MESYLATE FROM SELF EMULSIFYING SYSTEM AND CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEX." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 2 (2017): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.16215.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; line-height: 97%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Objective: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The aim of this work was to determine the intestinal membrane transport parameters of eprosartan mesylate (EM) and to investigate self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) and inclusion complexation with hydroxypropyl </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: Symbol;">b </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">cyclodextrin (HP</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: Symbol;">b</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">CD) for enhanced intestinal absorption of eprosartan mesylate. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; line-height: 97%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Methods: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The intestinal absorption was monitored using the in situ rabbit intestinal perfusion technique. SNEDDS was developed using labrafil, Lauroglycol with a tween in the presence of ethanol. Inclusion complexation was achieved by construction of phase solubility diagram in the presence of HP</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: Symbol;">b</span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">CD. The prepared complex was evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; line-height: 97%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Results: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">The drug was found to be poorly absorbed from the jejuno-ileum and the colon with the absorption being mainly through paracellular pathway. An inclusion complex was developed between the drug and HPβCD. Perfusion of the drug in the nanoemulsion formulation or as an inclusion complex resulted in a significant increase in the intestinal absorption of the drug compared with the control<strong>.</strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; line-height: 97%;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">Conclusion: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 97%; font-family: 'Cambria','serif';">SNEDDS and inclusion complexation are promising strategies for enhanced intestinal absorption of eprosartan mesylate.</span></p><p><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t32" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="32"
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Wang, Ke, Da Hai You, Ceng Long, Peng Xu, Ling Ling Pan, and Luo Zheng. "Power System Transient Stability Assessment Based on Critical Cutset Transient Stability Available Capacity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 615 (August 2014): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.615.80.
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Aiming at the disadvantages of converting traditional transient stability margin into power system control measures, this paper proposes a new transient stability margin characterization method based on critical cutset transient stability available capacity (TATC). Compared with traditional transient stability margin based on fault clearance time or transient energy function, TATC can directly reflects power system transient stability margin form the view of power which is more conducive for power system planning and operation personnel to grasp system transient stability state, at the same time, is also advantageous for prevention measures and emergency control measures to be developed directly according TATC. Simulation results based on IEEE50 machine 145 bus system show that the proposed TATC can effectively characterize power system transient stability margin.
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Sahu, Pankaj, and M. K. Verma. "Online monitoring of voltage stability margin using PMU measurements." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (2020): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1156-1168.
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With the growing smart grid concept it becomes important to monitor health of the power system at regular intervals for its secure and reliable operation. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) may play a vital role in this regard. This paper presents voltage stability monitoring in real time framework using synchrophasor measurements obtained by PMUs. Proposed approach estimates real power loading margin as well as reactive power loading margin of most critical bus using PMU data. As system operating conditions keep on changing, loading margin as well as critical bus information is updated at regular intervals using fresh PMU measurements. Simulations have been carried out using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) software. Accuracy of proposed Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) based estimation of voltage stability margin has been tested by comparing results with loading margin obtained by continuation power flow method (an offline approach for accurate estimation of voltage stability margin) under same set of operating conditions. Case studies performed on IEEE 14-bus system, New England 39-bus system and a practical 246-bus Indian power system validate effectiveness of proposed approach of online monitoring of loading margin.
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Pankaj, Sahu, and K. Verma M. "Online monitoring of voltage stability margin using PMU measurements." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (2020): 1156–68. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1156-1168.
Full textAbstract:
With the growing smart grid concept it becomes important to monitor health of the power system at regular intervals for its secure and reliable operation. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) may play a vital role in this regard. This paper presents voltage stability monitoring in real time framework using synchrophasor measurements obtained by PMUs. Proposed approach estimates real power loading margin as well as reactive power loading margin of most critical bus using PMU data. As system operating conditions keep on changing, loading margin as well as critical bus information is updated at regular intervals using fresh PMU measurements. Simulations have been carried out using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) software. Accuracy of proposed Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) based estimation of voltage stability margin has been tested by comparing results with loading margin obtained by continuation power flow method (an offline approach for accurate estimation of voltage stability margin) under same set of operating conditions. Case studies performed on IEEE 14-bus system, New England 39-bus system and a practical 246-bus Indian power system validate effectiveness of proposed approach of online monitoring of loading margin.
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Lilimantik, Emmy. "MARKETING MARGIN OF CLIMBING PERCH WITH BIOFLOC CULTURE SYSTEM IN BANJARMASIN CITY SOUTH KALIMANTAN." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 12 (2020): 2003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i12.em01.
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Abstract
 This research aims to determine the pattern of marketing channels and marketing margin of climbing perch produced by the biofloc system cultivation in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. The sample of the producers was determined using the census method, while the sample of middlemen was determined using the snowball sampling method. The analysis used are (a) analysis of marketing channel patterns and (b) analysis of marketing margins, the data used consists of primary data and secondary data. The results of the analysis show (a) the marketing of climbing perch from the cultivation of the biofloc system consists of two channels and (b) the total amount of marketing margin is 11.300 IDR with details (a) the marketing cost incurred by the middlemen is 2.500 IDR and by the retailers is 2.456 IDR; (b) the profit received by the middlemen is 2.800 IDR and the retailers 3.544 IDR. The profit distribution is bigger than the distribution of the marketing costs, as a result, the profits received by the seller (i.e. middlemen, retailers) are higher than the amount of marketing costs incurred. These conclude that marketing from the side of seller (i.e. middlemen, retailers) is efficient.
 Keywords: Climbing perch, middlemen, retailers, marketing channels and marketing margins.
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Wright, V. Paul, Juan Ignacio Baceta, and Philippe A. Lapointe. "Paleokarstic macroporosity development at platform margins: Lessons from the Paleocene of north Spain." Interpretation 2, no. 3 (2014): SF1—SF16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2013-0175.1.
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Platform margins have been targets for carbonate exploration because they are commonly seismically resolvable and reservoir prone for several critical reasons including karstic porosity. Platform margin karst models, mainly based on the Quaternary of the Caribbean (tropical humid, including “flank margin caves”) are well documented, but analogs remain rarely identified in the stratigraphic record. Analysis of a remarkably well-exposed macroporosity paleokarst system from the Paleocene of north Spain, formed under an arid to semiarid climate, provided a model that differs from the Caribbean template. Implications for exploration and appraisal strategies, include provisos regarding (1) how early fracture intensity can be estimated at platform margins, (2) the absence of flank margin caves at the margin, (3) the absence of karstic features at or immediately below the main lowstand surface, (4) the presence of cave-free corridors such that the porosity zones could be missed completely, and (5) the stratigraphic inheritance of caves into successive levels adjacent to the cave-free zones. Quantitative data were evaluated on the main macroporous intervals. We also compared this model with other paleokarst models in the literature to emphasize the diversity of approaches that can be used to evaluate paleokarst targets: “one size does not fit all.”
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Si, Junping, Guang Zhao, Yun Wang, et al. "Effect of Heat Exchange Area Margins on Thermal Characteristics of the Heat Exchange System in the Pressurized Water Test Loop during Fuel Assembly Irradiation." Energies 17, no. 16 (2024): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17163867.
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The performance of heat exchangers in the pressurized water test loop is a critical factor in ensuring the achievement of irradiation parameters for fuel assemblies and the safety of experimental operations. The effect of the heat exchange area margin on the heat exchangers in the pressurized water test loop for the fuel assembly during the steady-state irradiation is analyzed. Additionally, optimization methods for determining the margin of heat exchange area and corresponding design strategies are further investigated. It shows that the effect of the heat exchange area margin on the heat exchange power is less affected by the inlet temperature of the primary water and is primarily influenced by the flow rate of the primary water. A decrease in the flow rate of the primary water reduces the compensatory effect of the cooling section on power and enhances the weakening effect of the regeneration section on power. Meanwhile, the correspondence between the margin of the regeneration section and the cooling section, established based on design conditions, can be applicable when there are changes in the inlet temperature of the primary water, but it is not suitable when there are changes in the flow rate of the primary water. When the flow rate of the primary water decreases, the cooling section margin required to compensate for the decrease in power caused by the regeneration section margin will increase significantly. In addition, short-circuiting the heat exchange tubes in the regeneration section can effectively enhance the heat transfer capability. Furthermore, setting the heat exchange area margins of the regeneration and cooling sections to zero can serve as a termination condition for iterative calculations in the verification of regenerative heat exchangers under off-design conditions.
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Perelmuter, Anatolii. "ON THE CHOICE OF PRESTRESSING PARAMETERS." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17, no. 3 (2021): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-3-114-119.
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This paper focuses on the regulation of forces in a statically indeterminate system under the action of many loads. This regulation is realized by prestressing. The paper compares two proposed methods for selecting rational values of the prestressing parameters: maximizing the minimum bearing capacity margin for the elements of the system (1) and equalizing the margins for all elements (2). An illustrative example is provided.
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Qu, Fu Cun. "MIMO System Stability Margin and its Flight Test Method." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1468.
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Aiming at the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) flight control system evaluation, put forward MIMO system stability margin definition, also put forward to get the MIMO system stability margin of the flight test method. The simulation results show that, the method is feasible.
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Nakajima, Wataru, Soya Nakanishi, Ryosuke Hosoya, Toshiaki Uemoto, Shiro Ohgo, and Naoyuki Wada. "Regenerative Polarity of the Fin Ray in Zebrafish Caudal Fin and Related Tissue Formation on the Cut Surface." Journal of Developmental Biology 9, no. 4 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9040050.
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Zebrafish caudal fin rays are used as a model system for regeneration because of their high regenerative ability, but studies on the regeneration polarity of the fin ray are limited. To investigate this regeneration polarity, we made a hole to excise part of the fin ray and analyzed the regeneration process. We confirmed that the fin rays always regenerated from the proximal margin toward the distal margin, as previously reported; however, regeneration-related genes were expressed at both the proximal and distal edges of the hole in the early stage of regeneration, suggesting that the regenerative response also occurs at the distal edge. One difference between the proximal and distal margins is a sheet-like tissue that is formed on the apical side of the regenerated tissue at the proximal margin. This sheet-like tissue was not observed at the distal edge. To investigate whether the distal margin was also capable of forming this sheet-like tissue and subsequent regeneration, we kept the distal margin separated from the proximal margin by manipulation. Consequently, the sheet-like tissue was formed at the distal margin and regeneration of the fin ray was also induced. The regenerated fin rays from the distal margin protruded laterally from the caudal fin and then bent distally, and their ends showed the same characteristics as those of the normal fin rays. These results suggest that fin rays have an ability to regenerate in both directions; however, under normal conditions, regeneration is restricted to the proximal margin because the sheet-like tissue is preferentially formed on the apical side of the regenerating tissue from the proximal margin.
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Rahmani, Shifa Amalia, and Hasbi Assidiki Mauluddi. "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan dengan Menggunakan Du Pont System." Journal of Applied Islamic Economics and Finance 1, no. 1 (2020): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jaief.v1i1.167.
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The development and growth of Islamic banks in Indonesia is very rapid. PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia as a pioneer of Islamic banks in Indonesia is increasingly in the spotlight of various parties. The resulting performance is always an interesting thing to study further. The company's financial performance can be seen from the ratio of profitability, profitability, solvency and the activities it generates. One calculation tool for profitability is Return On Investment. If the Return On Investment in a company increases, then it shows the more efficient the company is in utilizing its assets, the greater the benefits that can be achieved by the company so that the company's value is also better and more efficient in generating profits. The calculation tool for calculating Return On Investment is a du pont system, where the du pont system focuses on the results of the calculation of net profit margins, total assets turn over and return on investment. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the period 2008-2017 with the studied variables are Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turn Over and Return On Investment. The conclusion in this study is the net profit margin, total assets turnover and return on investment produced has a fluctuating value.
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Rahmani, Shifa Amalia, and Hasbi Assidiki Mauluddi. "Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan dengan Menggunakan Du Pont System." Journal of Applied Islamic Economics and Finance 1, no. 1 (2020): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jaief.v1i1.2407.
Full textAbstract:
The development and growth of Islamic banks in Indonesia is very rapid. PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia as a pioneer of Islamic banks in Indonesia is increasingly in the spotlight of various parties. The resulting performance is always an interesting thing to study further. The company's financial performance can be seen from the ratio of profitability, profitability, solvency and the activities it generates. One calculation tool for profitability is Return On Investment. If the Return On Investment in a company increases, then it shows the more efficient the company is in utilizing its assets, the greater the benefits that can be achieved by the company so that the company's value is also better and more efficient in generating profits. The calculation tool for calculating Return On Investment is a du pont system, where the du pont system focuses on the results of the calculation of net profit margins, total assets turn over and return on investment. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the period 2008-2017 with the studied variables are Net Profit Margin, Total Asset Turn Over and Return On Investment. The conclusion in this study is the net profit margin, total assets turnover and return on investment produced has a fluctuating value.
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O'Brien, G. W., M. Morse, D. Wilson, et al. "MARGIN-SCALE, BASEMENT-INVOLVED COMPARTMENTALISATION OF AUSTRALIA'S NORTH WEST SHELF: A PRIMARY CONTROL ON BASIN-SCALE RIFT, DEPOSITION AL AND REACTIVATION HISTORIES." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98003.
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Australia's North West Shelf is segmented into four discrete margin-scale compartments which have distinct rift and reactivation histories. Two of the margin segments, the Carnarvon and Bonaparte compartments, are very wide (500–600 km), marginal plateau systems, whereas the other two segments, the Canning and Browse compartments, are narrower and steeper. The boundaries between individual rift compartments appear to be controlled by Proterozoic fracture systems.The Browse-Bonaparte transition zone is a major, northwest-trending Proterozoic fracture system which has a series of igneous intrusions along its length. These intrusions are located where the fracture system is cut by younger, northeast-trending extensional faults. This transition zone is a margin-scale fault relay zone, with intense fault overlap along the transition resulting in the zone being a long-lived, syn-rift high. Moreover, the transition zones between adjacent wide and narrow margins are prime locations for the entry point of siliciclastics into the rift or post-rift margin system. As a result, well-developed channel systems often cut through these boundaries and high quality reservoirs (particularly low-stand fans) are developed.Neogene fault reactivation, associated with convergence of the Australasian and Eurasian plates, is evident along the North West Shelf. The style of this reactivation is, however, closely controlled by the margin- scale architecture. In the Browse and Carnarvon basins, Neogene inversion is common, but at the leading edge of the collisional system, the Bonaparte compartment, the fault style is exclusively extensional. It appears that lithospheric flexure, associated with localised foreland development (i.e. the Timor Trough), has been the driving mechanism for the extensional faulting within the Bonaparte compartment. Crustal convergence seems to have been accommodated completely by thrusting on the northwestern margin of Timor and by foreland formation. In contrast, the Browse and Carnarvon compartments lacked a 'buffering' foreland system and, being adjacent to rigid and thin oceanic crust which transmits stress well over long distances, the inversional stresses were transmitted directly into these compartments.As a result of these margin-scale processes, the Bonaparte compartment is characterised by a thin regional seal (often 100 ms) on Neogene extensional faults—a combination which strongly favours fault seal failure and trap breach. In contrast, the Browse compartment is characterised by thick seals and small displacement Neogene faults, and thus the probability of fault seal failure is much less.
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Zhou, Hongbo, Aiping Pang, Jing Yang, and Zhen He. "Structured H∞ Control of an Electric Power Steering System." Complexity 2020 (July 25, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9371327.
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Electric power steering (EPS) systems are prone to oscillations because of a very small phase angle margin, so a stable controller is required to increase the stability margin. In addition, the EPS system has parameter disturbances in the gain of the torque map under different conditions, which requires a certain degree of robustness in the control design. This paper synthesizes the multidimensional performance requirements considering the stability margin, robustness, and bandwidth of the system to form an H∞ optimization matrix with multidimensional performance output in using the structured H∞ control design. The structured H∞ controller not only retains the characteristics of traditional H∞ controllers with excellent robust performance and high stability margin but also has a lower order, which can be better applied in practice. Based on the performance requirements of the system and practical implementation, the structured H∞ controllers with different orders were designed, and the feasibility of the structured controller was confirmed through comparison and theoretical analysis.
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Kurihara, I., K. Takahashi, and B. Kermanshahi. "A new method of evaluating system margin under various system constraints." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, no. 4 (1995): 1904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.476056.
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Fan, Ye Sen, San Min Wang, and Zhen Yang. "Stability Margin Sensitivity Analysis of a Multi-Rotor System Geared by Spiral Bevel Gear Pairs." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 3215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.3215.
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To study the stability margin sensitivity to the parameters of the geared rotor system is prerequisite to carry on structure optimization design and vibration control. The global dynamic equations of the geared two rotor system are set up through the coupled matrix of the spiral bevel gear pairs, and the stability margin is obtained by analyzing the global dynamic equations. To enhance the damping of the bearings and to enhance the module and mesh damping of the gear pairs can improve the stability margin of the geared rotor system. The method for the stability margin sensitivity analysis of the geared multi-rotor system is feasible. The conclusions from the numerical example are useful to improve the stability margin of the geared multi-rotor systems.