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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'System of anti-crisis and crisis'

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Published: 4 May 2022
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1

Alhijazi, Yahya Z. D. "The conflicting interests - the Warsaw system crisis /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20219.

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Private international air law encompasses the delicate balance of interest between the air carriers and the consumers of their service. This balance is made by states according to their socioeconomic and political conditions. Since these conditions differ among states, another, yet more complex conflict of interests arises between states as to how the interest of air carriers and consumers should be balanced. This difference between states has been, and still is, the biggest obstacle in the way of unifying private international air law.
Giving an overview of the present situation and the possible future implications, this thesis highlights the balance of interest of the successive private international air law instruments and examines the factors that lead thereto. This thesis further analyses the crisis of unified private international air law and the actions taken to confront it by examining the reasons behind it in order to understand the current situation and apprehend the future.
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2

Bienert, Tasha Nadine. "The computerization crisis within the educational system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0013/MQ34877.pdf.

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Al-hijazi, Yahya Z. D. "The conflicting interests, the Warsaw system crisis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44051.pdf.

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4

Chang, Michele M. "Crisis and credibility in the European monetary system /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9902292.

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5

Karan, Boris. "Changes of financial system in the context of financial crisis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359881.

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In this paper, we analyse the relation between financial system and financial crises. Our goal is to find how, on the one hand, changes in the financial system affect the prospects for financial crises and, on the other hand, how the occurrence of financial crises shape the core elements of the financial system. We start by defining the financial crisis from three different perspectives. After it, we present the comprehensive history of financial crises that will allow us to continue by drawing some common patterns that are universal. Universal patterns in crises give us the ground for contemplating on some universal policy responses where we again follow different approaches. Taking into account the specifics of modern times and using the young and promising economy based on the blockchain, we are asking the question is this time different?. Analysis of initial development steps in the digital, trustless world gives us the basis for drawing parallels with the reality and the history. Our results suggest that there are many similarities throughout history and between the real and digital world. Instead of providing an exact answer on the question is this time different we conclude that there is a present strong feeling of Deja vu.
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6

Sturtevant, Daniel Joseph. "America disrupted : dynamics of the technical capability crisis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47876.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-154).
This study investigates the cause of the nearly twenty-five year decline in the percentage of U.S. born undergraduates earning degrees in engineering. This dramatic decline has occurred despite incredibly high pay and low unemployment among individuals holding engineering degrees. On the surface, this situation appears to be violating the basic laws of labor-market supply and demand. A system dynamics model was created to represent the institutional forces and feedback loops present in the real-world system. This model internally represents the economic forces governing the choice to pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, distinguishing features of highly quantitative knowledge that constrain its transmission, and factors determining the overall quality of STEM education in our schools. This work presents a theory that high industry pay for STEM workers and low pay for STEM K-12 teachers directly cause long-term labor shortages that are self perpetuating. A scarcity of STEM workers will cause wages to rise as employers bid up the price of those skills in the short-term. Schools are left with fewer qualified and lower quality teachers. This makes labor shortages worse ten to twenty years down the road. The fact that mathematics knowledge is highly sequential with strong dependencies on past-performance exacerbates the situation. Students who fall behind in mathematics find it nearly impossible to catch up.
(cont.) This work explores many societal shifts that occurred in the 1950's through 1980's that could have resulted in the perplexing behavior seen from 1985 until the present day. Finally, policy proposals to correct the situation are simulated in the model to test their ability to move the system in a more positive direction. The system is found to exhibit "tipping point" behavior. Small reforms will have negligible impact while larger reforms have the potential to make the system move into a fundamentally better pattern of behavior, but only after considerable delays. In addition, this work presents a speculative hypothesis for the cause of Kondratieff economic long-waves briefly in an appendix based on unanticipated behaviors present in portions of the model.
by Daniel Joseph Sturtevant.
S.M.
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7

Cyr, Jennifer Marie. "The political party system and democratic crisis in Bolivia." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2703.

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Using Kenneth Roberts’ (2002) party-society linkages framework, this study examined the reasons for the decline of the political party system in Bolivia after 2000. The political party system that emerged in 1985 was connected to society primarily through clientelist-based linkages. The economic and political model adopted after the transition to democracy severely debilitated the party system’s capacity to forge linkages with society beyond clientelism. Using interviews, survey data, and primary and secondary documents, the study demonstrated that prolonged economic recession and social change revealed the weaknesses of the linkages connecting the political party system with Bolivian society. It concluded that the party system in Bolivia went into decline because it could not adapt to the country’s changing social landscape after 2000. The highly limited nature of clientelist-based linkages in Bolivia suggests that they were ill-suited to withstand economic recession and social crisis.
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8

Rowe, Andy (Andy Harold). "Managing a crisis : leadership and organizational elements essential for success." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107363.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 89-91).
Every organization will face a crisis at some point in its history. How well an organization handles the preparation, response and recovery from a crisis is highly dependent on the strength of its leadership and overall design. This thesis develops a framework of five leadership and seven organizational elements necessary for the evaluation of an organization's response during a crisis. Utilizing this framework, interviews were conducted with senior leaders of businesses that successfully navigated tremendous crisis situations. As a result of these interviews, I determined the leadership elements of a strong foundation of support, realistic analysis and a propensity to act had the greatest impact on the success or failure of a leader during a crisis. The organizational elements of leadership support, a strong shared vision, and the ability to think systemically were also determined essential to the effective handling of a crisis. Organizations should dedicate time and resources to cultivate the robust development of these elements as part of their crisis preparation.
by Andy Rowe.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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9

GUYOT, JIMMY. "Reformation of the International Financial System after the financial crisis." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19566.

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10

Vasquez, Marazzani Claudia. "The crisis of the liability regime under the Warsaw system /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20547.

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The Warsaw Convention represents the unification of important rules concerning private international carriage by air. The international community has agreed on those rules, ever since the appearance of the Warsaw Convention in 1929. Today, it would be chaotic for the air transport industry to operate without such a legal framework. In fact, the Warsaw instruments have been the pillars of harmonized international air transportation. However, the Warsaw System now faces a crisis, due to the fact that participants in the air transport industry consider the Warsaw Convention liability regime obsolete, inadequate and outdated. Both governments and air carriers have reacted against this obstacle by adopting unilateral actions in order to update the liability limits. Some of these unilateral actions have substantially increased the limits of liability; others have even considered their disappearance. In particular, IATA has recently adopted two agreements in which air carriers voluntarily waive the Warsaw Convention limits. At the same time, ICAO has presented for the approval of its Legal Committee, a draft text to modernize the Warsaw System. The intention of this proposal is to replace the Warsaw Convention with a new instrument that would modernize and harmonize the liability regime and other matters.
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Vasquez, Marazzani Claudia. "The crisis of the liability regime under the Warsaw System." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ44077.pdf.

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Steward, Nicole. "Evaluating an interorganizational relationship, the Wellington-Dufferin Crisis Intervention System." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51099.pdf.

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13

Praiwattana, P. "Investigation into game-based crisis scenario modelling and simulation system." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/9188/.

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A crisis is an infrequent and unpredictable event. Training and preparation process requires tools for representation of crisis context. Particularly, crisis events consist of different situations, which can occur at the same time combining into complex situation and becoming a challenge in coordinating several crisis management departments. In this regards, disaster prevention, preparedness and relief can be conceptualized into a design of hypothetical crisis game. Many complex tasks during development of emergency circumstance provide an opportunity for practitioners to train their skills, which are situation analysis, decision-making, and coordination procedures. While the training in physical workouts give crisis personal a hand-on experience in the given situation, it often requires a long time to prepare with a considerable budget. Alternatively, computational framework which allows simulation of crisis models tailoring into crisis scenario can become a cost-effective substitution to this study and training. Although, there are several existing computational toolsets to simulate crisis, there is no system providing a generic functionality to define crisis scenario, simulation model, agent development, and artificial intelligence problem planning in the single unified framework. In addition, a development of genetic framework can become too complex due to a multi-disciplinary knowledge required in each component. Besides, they have not fully incorporated a game technology toolset to fasten the system development process and provide a rich set of features and functionalities to these mentioned components. To develop such crisis simulation system, there are several technologies that must be studied to derive a requirement for software engineering approach in system’s specification designs. With a current modern game technology available in the market, it enables fast prototyping of the framework integrating with cutting-edge graphic render engine, asset management, networking, and scripting library. Therefore, a serious game application for education in crisis management can be fundamentally developed early. Still, many features must be developed exclusively for the novel simulation framework on top of the selected game engine. In this thesis, we classified for essential core components to design a software specification of a serious game framework that eased crisis scenario generation, terrain design, and agent simulation in UML formats. From these diagrams, the framework was prototyped to demonstrate our proposed concepts. From the beginning, the crisis models for different disasters had been analysed for their design and environment representation techniques, thus provided a choice of based simulation technique of a cellular automata in our framework. Importantly, a study for suitability in selection of a game engine product was conducted since the state of the art game engines often ease integration with upcoming technologies. Moreover, the literatures for a procedural generation of crisis scenario context were studied for it provided a structure to the crisis parameters. Next, real-time map visualization in dynamic of resource representation in the area was developed. Then the simulation systems for a large-scale emergency response was discussed for their choice of framework design with their examples of test-case study. An agent-based modelling tool was also not provided from the game engine technology so its design and decision-making procedure had been developed. In addition, a procedural content generation (PCG) was integrated for automated map generation process, and it allowed configuration of scenario control parameters over terrain design during run-time. Likewise, the artificial planning architecture (AI planning) to solve a sequence of suitable action toward a specific goal was considered to be useful to investigate an emergency plan. However, AI planning most often requires an offline computation with a specific planning language. So the comparison study to select a fast and reliable planner was conducted. Then an integration pipeline between the planner and agent was developed over web-service architecture to separate a large computation from the client while provided ease of AI planning configuration using an editor interface from the web application. Finally, the final framework called CGSA-SIM (Crisis Game for Scenario design and Agent modelling simulation) was evaluated for run-time performance and scalability analysis. It shown an acceptable performance framerate for a real-time application in the worst 15 frame-per-seconds (FPS) with maximum visual objects. The normal gameplay performed capped 60 FPS. At same time, the simulation scenario for a wildfire situation had been tested with an agent intervention which generated a simulation data for personal or case evaluation. As a result, we have developed the CGSA-SIM framework to address the implementation challenge of incorporating an emergency simulation system with a modern game technology. The framework aims to be a generic application providing main functionality of crisis simulation game for a visualization, crisis model development and simulation, real-time interaction, and agent-based modelling with AI planning pipeline.
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Jones, Pamela Janice. "Disproportion of African American children in child welfare system crisis." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3198.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of the Structured Decision-Making (SDM) tool affects the disproportion of African American children accounted for in Riverside County Child Welfare System.
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15

Ferrant, Anna. "Containing the crisis : spatial strategies and the Scottish prison system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26503.

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Carthon, Mitchel. "The Telecommunications Emergency Decision Support System as a crisis management decision support system." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28594.

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17

Garcia, Brenezza D. "Crisis Leadership: The Roles University Presidents and Crisis Managers Play in Higher Education - A Case Study of the State University System of Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2180.

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Universities have had a tumultuous history in terms of crises. Though crises have always existed, its definition and emphasis in the landscape of higher education has dramatically changed in the last 50 years. For this reason, the study and implementation of crisis management systems have become a growing phenomenon on campuses around the nation. However, as the types of crises institutions face diversifies, communities’ emphasis on leadership accountability has also become more magnified. The role of the president, thus, has become increasingly relevant and critical to the conversation concerning campus security and safety. The purpose of this study was to better understand the phenomenon of crisis leadership in higher education. A case study of the State University System of Florida was chosen, interviewing all available university presidents and crisis managers. Its diversity in population, infrastructure and mission is the reason it was selected as an appropriate case. This study sought insight on how SUS presidents and crisis managers understood the concepts of crisis, crisis leadership and crisis management; what they perceived their roles and responsibilities to be throughout the crisis management cycle; and how these definitions and roles created and sustained a culture of safety, security and preparedness. The 16 study participants (6 presidents and 10 crisis managers) offered a great deal of insight on how they defined crisis leadership and its respective roles pre-, during and post-crises. Participants believed that the differing definitions of crisis; the university’s culture towards crisis management; the roles played by the university, presidents and crisis managers; resources (established and lacking); as well as the inevitable variability of crises, all played a critical role in leadership. The study’s findings supported Muffet-Willett’s position that crisis leadership is fundamentally connected to the relationship between presidents and crisis managers. Both must offer support, tangibly and intangibly, to one another so that others across the university see the importance being placed on crisis management. Findings of this study supported the assumption made in the literature by student affairs authors that presidents are critical to crisis management. In addition, I concluded that crisis managers are also critical to crisis leadership.
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18

Collins, Scott F. "Equity and Adequacy: A Funding Crisis in the Tennessee Education System." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1105104-100836/unrestricted/CollinsS111204f.pdf.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1105104-100836 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Traisorat, Tull. "Supervisory and regulatory reform in Thailand's banking system : in search of regulatory sufficiency and effectiveness." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314228.

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20

Faltermeier, Rudolf. "The German Banking System – Types of Banks and Experience in the Crisis." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6865/.

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1. The German banking system 1.1 Three pillar structure 1.2 Business aims 2. The German economy 2.1 A land of small and medium-sized companies 2.2 Banking system and economy fit together 3. Experience in the crisis 3.1 Customer behaviour 3.2 Risk situation 3.3 Profitability 4. Conclusion
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Li, Kwan-leung, and 李君樑. "The European currency crisis: a replay of strains on bretton woods system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954522.

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Masood, Omar. "Non-performing bank loans and banking crisis in the Pakistani banking system." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426494.

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Li, Kwan-leung. "The European currency crisis : a replay of strains on bretton woods system /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B16027644.

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Spencer, Melissa B. (Melissa Beth). "Engineering financial safety : a system-theoretic case study from the financial crisis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72903.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)-- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).
There is currently much systems-based thinking going into understanding safety in complex socio-technical systems and in developing useful accident analysis methods. However, when it comes to complex systems without clear physical components, the techniques for understanding accidents are antiquated and ineffective. This thesis uses a promising new engineering-based accident analysis methodology, CAST (Casual Analysis using STAMP, or Systems Theoretic Accident Models and Processes) to understand an aspect of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. This thesis demonstrates how CAST can be used to understand the context and control problems that led to the collapse and rapid acquisition of the investment bank Bear Stearns in March 2008. It seeks to illustrate the technological and regulatory change that provided the context for the Bear Stearns accidents and then demonstrates how a top-down systematic method of analysis can produce more insight into the accident than traditional financial accident investigations such as congressionally-mandated inquiries.
by Melissa B. Spencer.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Mulcahy, Mary Eucharia. "The sociology of a financial crisis : the Catholic school system, Columbus, Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487332636476439.

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26

Borthwick, Stephanie Frances. "Why won’t they join? An exploratory investigation of the Belgian government crisis of 2010." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8848.

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Belgium has recently undergone a 541-day period with no elected government following the 2010 general election. This has been called a government and cabinet crisis. This thesis aims to determine what is different about Belgium in 2010/11 compared to past years and what has contributed to Belgium’s difficulty forming coalitions recently. By using coalition formation theory and investigating institutional and sociological aspects of Belgian politics, this research project has found an initial explanation for why the Belgian government crisis of 2010 occurred. Several institutional and sociological aspects are now working against each other and hindering cooperative behaviour among the Belgian political parties. Belgium has become the victim of its own well-adapted and unique political system.
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Bušovská, Monika. "Analýza protikrizových opatření v oblasti daní v zemích EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73719.

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The aim of this work is the analysis of anti-crisis measures in taxation in the European Union and their impact on the tax burden for the following years. The work is focused on all twenty-seven European members' states and for better illustration were chosen four member states, namely France, Germany, Spain and Romania. At the work are used the latest data available and practical examples are given too. For determination of tax systems before the crisis in selected countries are used descriptive methods, analysis of anti-crisis measures in fiscal policy and an analysis of changes in taxations for the years 2009 and 2010 and their comparison with the year 2008 followed with the focusing on changes in the tax burden. The result of description of tax systems for 2008 is the claim that relatively high tax burden is in analyzed countries except in Romania.The reaction to negative changes in the economy, financial crisis caused, were changes in the tax systems in most of European Union countries especially in modification in tax bases and tax rates. These changes have led to reductions of tax burden in the EU. This trend is expected for next years too, but it is expected the lack of tax revenues will be replaced mainly by raising indirect taxes.
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Chinn, Mo-sum Sammy George. "A study of organizational effectiveness in crisis management in amodern system control centre /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1233621X.

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Puz, Jacqueline June Gerhardt. "Family in crisis the effects of divorce and remarriage on the family system /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p068-0630.

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Chinn, Mo-sum Sammy George, and 陳務森. "A study of organizational effectiveness in crisis management in amodern system control centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263732.

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Rojas, Jorge. "Financial Crisis, the International Monetary System and the Challenge of the Emerging Economies." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118289.

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Although in the debate over the current financial crisis there is a general agreement on the role played by foreign capital inflows into the United States —that, together with financial deregulation, allowed for an excessive increase of credit in that country—, we think that their importance has not been fully appreciated, in terms of their link with the asymmetrical organization of an international monetary system that uses the dollar as a reserve currency, and their relationship with the economic growth model adopted by the US over the last thirty years; this relied on increased expenditure on the part of credit-financed households in order to maintain its dynamism, while inflation was kept down by importing cheap foreign manufactures at the expense of the domestic sector’s profitability. We suggest here that the crisis was related to the impossibility of maintaining this economic growth pattern indefinitely, and that recovery will require a radical reform of the international monetary system, as well as a general increase in economic efficiency.
Aunque en el debate sobre la actual crisis financiera se ha reconocido el rol jugado por el influjo de capitales extranjeros hacia Estados Unidos —el cual, conjuntamente con la desregulación financiera, hizo posible el crecimiento desmedido del crédito en ese país—, pensamos que aún no se ha reconocido la importancia de tal influjo, ni su conexión con la forma asimétrica como está organizado el actual sistema monetario internacional, ni tampoco su relación con el tipo de crecimiento adoptado por ese país en las últimas tres décadas, que pudo mantener su dinamismo gracias al aumento del gasto de los hogares financiado con crédito, y que mantuvo baja la inflación gracias a la importación de manufacturas baratas, al costo de ver caer la rentabilidad de su sector manufacturero. Sugerimos aquí que la crisis surge por la imposibilidad de llevar adelante ese tipo de crecimiento de manera indefinida y sin sobresaltos, y que una recuperación requerirá tanto una reforma radical del sistema monetario, como el aumento de la eficiencia económica a nivel mundial.
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Rice, Stian A. "Food System Reorganization and Vulnerability to Crisis: A Structural Analysis of Famine Genesis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent152412897525638.

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Monteiro, João Carlos Marques Tomás Grade. "Did the recent financial crisis contribute to an EU Multi-Speed Banking System?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12985.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O elevado impacto da crise financeira de 2007-08 na União Europeia (UE) gerou um período marcado por incerteza e ineficiência, enfatizando as discrepâncias entre os países pertencentes à UE. A presente dissertação tem como principal propósito investigar os efeitos da recente crise financeira no desempenho do sistema bancário em diferentes países da UE, apresentando resultados empíricos da sua evolução durante o período de 2000 a 2014. Um painel composto por 12 países pertencentes à UE (Alemanha, Áustria, Bélgica, Espanha, França, Holanda, Grécia, Irlanda, Itália, Portugal, Reino Unido e Suécia) foi selecionado e subdividido de acordo com a reacção dos países face à crise financeira. Foram analisados três níveis de eficiência (Eficiência Técnica, Alocativa e de Custos) obtidos através da metodologia Data Envelopment Analysis, um método não paramétrico, usando como variáveis os dados presentes nas contas consolidadas das demonstrações financeiras do aglomerado de bancos comerciais e de poupança de cada país, obtidos através da base de dados Bankscope. Os principais resultados da análise indicam um aumento dos níveis de eficiência nos países analisados da UE nos últimos anos, bem como a redução das oscilações dos níveis de eficiência. A comparação entre os países analisados permitiu concluir que se mantém um fosso nos níveis de eficiência no período Pós-Crise, induzindo diferentes impactos e reacções à crise financeira por parte dos países definidos para esta análise. No entanto não existe evidência empírica de uma relação entre indicadores macroeconómicos e eficiência bancária nos países seleccionados.
The impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-08 in the European Union (EU) induced a transition process marked by uncertainty and inefficiency, emphasizing the discrepancies among EU countries. Following this thought, this paper aims to investigate the effects of the recent financial crisis in bank system performance in different EU countries, providing empirical evidence regarding its evolution over the period of time 2000-2014. A panel composed of 12 EU countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom) was selected and subdivided according to countries' reactions to the financial crisis. Three types of efficiency (Technical, Allocative and Cost Efficiency) were computed applying the Data Envelopment Analysis, a non-parametric approach, using as bank level variables the annual consolidated financial statement accounts of the agglomerate commercial and savings banks presented in BankScope Database. The main results point out an overall improvement of banking efficiency in the EU in the last sample years as well as a reduction of efficiency level´s oscillations in a yearly basis. From the comparison of banking efficiency among the selected countries it was observed the maintenance of a significant efficiency level gap in the Post-Crisis period, inducing different impacts and reactions to periods of financial distress in the countries defined for this analysis. Nevertheless, it was not found any strong empirical evidence of a relationship between bank performance and macroeconomic environment in the selected countries.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Wise, Sarah. "Using social media content to inform agent-based models for humanitarian crisis response." Thesis, George Mason University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3625119.

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Crisis response is a time-sensitive problem with multiple concurrent and interacting subprocesses, applied around the world in a wide range of contexts and with access to varying levels of resources. The movement of individuals with their shifting patterns of need and, frequently, disrupted normal support systems pose challenges to responders trying to understand what is needed, where, and when. Unfortunately, crises frequently occur in parts of the world that lack the infrastructure to respond to them and the information to inform responders where to target their efforts. In light of these challenges, researchers can make use of new data sources and technologies, combining the information products with simulation techniques to gain knowledge of the situation and to explore the various ways in which a crisis may develop. These new data sources—including social media such as Twitter and volunteered geographic information (VGI) from groups such as OpenStreetMap—can be combined with authoritative data sources in order to create rich, synthetic datasets, which may in turn be subjected to processes such as sentiment analysis and social network analysis. Further, these datasets can be transformed into information which supports powerful agent- based models (ABM). Such models can capture the behavior of heterogeneous individuals and their decision-making process, allowing researchers to explore the emergent dynamics of crisis situations. To that end, this research explores the gathering, cleaning, and synthesis of diverse data sources as well as the information which can be extracted from such synthetic data sources. Further, the work presents a rich, behaviorally complex agent-based model of an evacuation effort. The case study deals with the 2012 Colorado Wildfires, which threatened the city of Colorado Springs and prompted the evacuation of over 28,000 persons over the course of four days. The model itself explores how a synthetic population with automatically generated synthetic social networks communicates about and responds to the developing crisis, utilizing real evacuation order information as well as a model of wildfire development to which the individual agents respond. This research contributes to the study of data synthesis, agent-based modeling, and crisis development.

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Petrík, Vojtěch. "Finanční systém Německa v období dluhové krize." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193412.

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This master thesis deals with the impact of the debt crisis on the financial system in Germany. The aim is to prepare an analysis of the impact of the debt crisis on the stability of German financial system, assess individual consequences in the comparison with other world economies and give a prediction of possible future developments in the banking and capital market in Germany. The first chapter defines the financial system in general and describes the theory of the individual components within the financial system. The second chapter focuses on a specific definition of the financial system in Germany and analyzes in detail the various financial markets from a historical perspective. In the third chapter there is an analysis of the development of debt and banking crisis in Germany. The last chapter deals with clearing payment system TARGET2, describes the impacts of the debt crisis, evaluate current state of the German financial system and predicts the future development as well.
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Dhlamini, Phumelele Tracy. "The World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body crisis: A critical analysis." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33713.

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The World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement system is facing unprecedented challenges, following the United States (US) decision to block the appointment of all Appellate Body members. The US has justified its blocking tactic, already implemented since 2017 by raising several procedural and substantive concerns with the Appellate Body's failure to follow WTO rules. On 10 December 2019, the Appellate Body was forced to suspend its activities after the second terms of two of the remaining three members expired. While the WTO dispute settlement system continues to function at the panel stage, the Appellate Body is currently unable to review appeals because it lacks the minimum number of three members required to establish a division. In addition, the collapse of the Appellate Body means that any party to a dispute can block the adoption of a panel report by filing a notice to appeal which is likely to remain in limbo for an indefinite period. Numerous studies have discussed the Appellate Body crisis and its implications for the WTO dispute settlement system. Few, however, have critically analysed the validity of the concerns that the US has raised about the Appellate Body's work over the past few years. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to discuss and critically analyse these concerns to determine whether the Appellate Body has indeed strayed from its limited mandate. In addition, the research will provide recommendations on how to save the appellate stage and ensure that appeals are resolved while WTO members attempt to find permanent solutions to this unprecedented crisis.
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Georg, Walter. "Learning from Japan? : On the Crisis of the German Vocational Education and Training System." 名古屋大学教育学部技術職業教育学研究室, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2997.

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38

Rush, Tadhg. "An Investment Court System : Perpetuating or Reforming the Legitimacy Crisis in Investor-State Arbitration?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384391.

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For the last two to three decades there has been an on-going legitimacy debate surrounding Investment Treaty Arbitration. States, scholars and public opinion argue that reform is needed. The European Union proposes the reform of Investor-State Arbitration through the creation of an Investment Court System. This is exemplified by recent European Union negotiated trade agreements such as the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement and the EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement. This thesis discusses whether an Investment Court System is a step towards solving the legitimacy concerns or whether an Investment Court System will thrust Investor-State Arbitration into the relative unknown, exacerbating the validity questions enveloping Investor-State Arbitration. The thesis observes the criticisms raised by eminent scholars, States and campaigners against Investor-State Arbitration and the reforms proposed by the European Union Commission and European Union Parliament, in the form of an Investment Court System. Finally, the study looks briefly at how certain countries who have become disenfranchised with Investor-State Arbitration are approaching reform internationally, and comparatively discusses whether these options would be more beneficial to the Investor-State Arbitration community, rather than the European Union proposed Investment Court System.
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Olarewaju, Temitayo. "The quest for development in chaos : what crisis events reveal about Nigeria’s legal system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62690.

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The relationship between law and economic development continues to perplex generations of scholars. This thesis adds to the query by embracing the iterative relationship between legal systems and markets as postulated by Milhaupt and Pistor; thereby, departing from law and finance theory which argues that past adopted legal systems are crucial for economic development. Law and finance theory is criticized based on the causal and proxy indeterminacy of law in achieving economic development, its discrepancies with corporate law practice, and various incoherent claims on juries and law in the twenty-first century. Milhaupt and Pistor’s framework grounded on the organization of a nation’s legal system, the functions of law in support of capitalist activity, and a state’s political economy embodying the supply and demand of law is used to understand how law is wielded in Africa’s giant quest for development. Institutional autopsies are conducted on pivotal corporate governance crisis events in Nigeria’s financial and petroleum sectors—Nigeria’s 2009-2010 banking crisis and the case of Moni Pulo v Brass—to understand Nigeria’s legal system and likely path to variation. Nigeria is revealed to be a centralized legal system, where the principal role of law is to coordinate market activity and one in which personal relationships play a vital part in her governance structure. The autopsies show there is a growing role played by state approved actors resulting in increased centralized and coordinative features of Nigeria’s legal system. It is hoped that this work assists in understanding the dynamic relationship between law and economic development in developing economies and serves as a foundation for future research on Nigeria’s political economy.
Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Kopczynski, Jessica A. S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A system dynamics perspective on the build-up to the 1997 South Korean financial crisis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47861.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-89).
Financial panics and crashes have become an item of familiarity to many nations around the world over more than several centuries. If history has taught us nothing else, it has taught us that we can learn from the past with the aim of improving the future. In 1997 a chain of events was set off in Asia that culminated in financial panic and crisis for many of the East Asian countries. The research in this paper focuses on the economic environment in South Korea in the years immediately preceding the 1997 financial crisis. The financial liberalization policy of interest rate de-regulation is modeled using system dynamics and the resultant economic behavior is explored. The feedback structure of the model is used to explain the asset bubble that formed during the height of the build-up. The national reliance on short-term commercial paper to finance long-term investments is explored and its relationship to the crisis is discussed. System dynamics is used to model the policy decisions that were made and explore different policy decisions and scenarios to provide insight into the resulting economic behavior.
by Jessica A. Kopczynski.
S.M.
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41

Mörner, Philip. "Change and Continuity : Tracing the structure of the Swedish crisis management system on a national level by its advocacy coalitions 2001 - 2014." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4830.

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This essay is an analysis of the Swedish crisis management, as a policy subsystem using the Advocacy Coalition Framework. By applying a Causal Process Tracing method, the main issues of division within the policy subsystem will be examined, and the effects of the 2004 South East Asian tsunami as an incitement of policy change. The major finding is that the reforms that followed the tsunami investigations, to a large extent were planned prior to the tragic event, the main changes seem to have been halted by the 2006 election and change of Office. The cross-party coalitions that were found have theoretical implications for the ACF research.
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Hamdouch, Ilias. "Collective intelligence at Enron during the California energy crisis : uncovering collaborative innovation networks using social network analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106237.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 66-68).
As interaction takes place between individuals, relationships are formed and collaboration and innovation emerge. In this thesis I have applied Coolfarming (Gloor, 201 lb), a social network analysis method using Condor, a software tool to quantify communication patterns based on various data sources. I analyzed the Enron email archive to see if communication patterns of convicted employees differ from ordinary ones. Toward that goal, I compared the dynamic semantic social network metrics of 17 Enron employees convicted in the criminal trial following Enron's implosion with a control group of ordinary employees. I focused on 17 mailboxes of 24 Enron executives that were convicted. Identifying criminals based on email behaviors is possible depending on the sampling strategy. When sampling based on employees with comparable total emails, the statistical analysis of the Contribution Index (Ci) metric revealed that criminals were less active. When sampling based on employees with comparable total influence, the statistical analysis of Betweenness Centrality Oscillation (Bco) and Degree Centrality (Bc) metrics revealed that criminals were less connected to others and less creative.
by Ilias Hamdouch.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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43

Compagnoni, Barry A. "The national response system the need to leverage networks and knowledge." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FCompagnoni.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Daniel Boger, Ted Lewis. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-84). Also available online.
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Wu, Ka-yin Christina. "An analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the management of Hong Kong's healthcare system." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31967644.

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45

Stokes, Sofia Amaro Stattmiller de Saldanha e. Albuquerque. "Testing for volatility persistence change: the effect of the credit crisis on the Portuguese banks." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9850.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
In this work project I propose to study the effect of the 2008 credit crisis on the Portuguese banking system. I will analyze the volatility of stock-returns of seven representative banks in two distinct periods, before (2001-2007) and during (2008-2012) the credit crisis. The purpose is the analysis of possible persistence changes in the structure of conditional volatility after the shock caused by the spread of the crisis. I will test for nonstationarity within a stochastic volatility model, using modified unit root tests, and also in a fractional integration context, in order to detect possible changes in the memory parameter.
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46

Hegstad, Vegard. "Conspiracy theories as counter-knowledge : alternative approaches to the current crisis of the capitalist system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86422.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study is to identify and analyse conspiracy narratives as popular counter-knowledge and as alternatives to leftist discourse and explanations of the contradictions of a capitalist system in a systemic crisis. The study makes a distinction between pathological and cultural approaches to conspiracy theories. While pathological approaches critically assess conspiracy theories as expressions of a certain political paranoia, cultural approaches are more inclusive and view conspiracy theory as cultural expressions of the postmodern condition. The cultural understandings break the categorical link between conspiracy theories and irrationality and allows a further discussion on how conspiracy theories might relate to leftist discourse and its attempts to counter neoliberal hegemonic structures. The approach taken by the study relies on the theoretical framework of historical materialism. Key theories used derive from Karl Marx, along with Gramscian, World Systems theory and critical approaches to global political economy. In the historical analysis that was performed, the understanding of structures in the historical development of the world economy, as well as the role of social forces which lead to changes in these structures were shown to be better approaches for understanding both historical events and the current crisis in the capitalist system. However, even within the opportune movement of an on-going capitalist crisis, the Left struggles to create a consistent counter-hegemonic narrative, and current counter-hegemonic movements, whilst being influential, are not succeeding in being transformative This suggests that leftist discourse fails to address the micro-level manifestations of the contradictions of the current system in a way that appeals to the masses. Accordingly, conspiracy theories as frameworks from which to critique the current global political economy are discussed. It is argued that although conspiracy theories are essentially reactionary, as well as historically a product of the far right, these theories might be understood as allegorical narrative constructs that serve as tools of orientation in a confusing political reality and, as such, the label of irrationality should not be applied without further consideration. It is further suggested that there is a proximity between various critical perspectives and conspiracy theories, although it is not implied that there is an exchange of ideas. It is argued that strands of critical theory and conspiracy theory share certain convictions about how the social world is constructed. While leftist/critical discourse relies on a scientific historical analysis, conspiracy discourses are often categorised lacking in scientific support. Critical theoretical perspectives are therefore suggested as the most effective remedy against utopian and simplistic narratives. While the thesis does not challenge the appropriateness of Marxist/critical perspectives at explaining economic crisis and global inequity, it aims at discussing the popularity of conspiracy theories as, for many, preferable tools of orientation in the present times. While political scientific theories and conspiracy theories are generally understood as in essence incompatible, this thesis attempted to discuss and analyse whether this established view could be challenged in light of recent scholarship on conspiracy culture. The study concludes that Marxist/critical approaches should understand conspiracy theories as alternative counter-knowledge and as popular doorways into major social issues that define global political culture, which could actually complement traditional leftist discourse.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om sameswerings-verhale as populêre teen-kennis en as alternatiewe vir linkse diskoers en verklarings van die teenstrydighede van ’n kapitalistiese stelsel wat ’n sistemiese krisies beleef, te identifiseer en te analiseer. Die studie onderskei tussen patalogiese en kulturele benaderings tot samesweringsteorieë. Patologiese benaderinge raam samesweringsteorieë krities as uitdrukkings van bepaalde politieke paranoia, terwyl kulturele benaderinge meer inklusief is, samesweringsteorie beskou as ’n kulturele uitdrukking van die postmoderne toestand. Die kulturele begrip breek die kategoriese skakel tussen samesweringsteorieë en irrasionaliteit en fasiliteer nog ’n gesprek oor hoe hierdie teorieë moontlik verwant sou kon wees aan linkse diskoers, asook laasgenoemde se pogings om neoliberale hegemoniese strukture teen te staan. Die benadering wat gevolg word in die studie steun op die teoretiese raamwerk van historiese materialisme. Die vernaamste vertrekpunte wat gebruik word is afgelei van Karl Marx, tesame met Gramsciaanse, Wêreldstelsel-teorie en kritiese benaderings tot globale politieke ekonomie. In die historiese analiese wat onderneem is, word gedemonstreer dat ’n begrip van strukture in die historiese ontwikkeling van die wêreld-ekonomie, asook die rol van sosiale magte wat verandering in hierdie strukture meebring, beter verklarings bied vir beide historiese gebeure en die teenswoordige krisies in die kapitalistiese stelsel. Nietemin, selfs met die geleenthede wat geskep word te midde van die aangaande kapitalistiese krisies, sukkel Linksgesindes om ’n konsekwente teen-hegemoniese “verhaal” te skep. Kontemporêre teen-hegemoniese bewegings, ongeag hul skynbare invloed, slaag nie daarin om verandering te weeg te bring nie. Dit wil voorkom asof linkse diskoers nie daarin slaag om die manifistering van die teenswoordige stelsel se teenstrydighede aan te spreek op ’n wyse wat aanklank vind by die massas nie. Dienooreenkomstig word samesweringsteorieë bespreek as raamwerke vanwaar en waaruit die huidige globale politieke ekonomie gekritiseer kan word. Die argument word aangevoer dat, alhoewel hierdie teorieë essensieel reaksionêr is, asook histories gesien ’n verregse produk, hulle moontlik verstaan kan word as allegoriese verhaal konstrukte wat dien as middele vir orientasie in ’n verwarrende politieke werklikheid. As sulks, behoort die etiket van irrasionaliteit nie sondermeer en onkrities aan hulle toegedien te word nie. Verder, word daar in die studie voorgestel, dat daar raakpunte is tussen verskeie kritiese perspektiewe en samesweringsteorieë. Daar word egter nie gesuggereer dat daar ’n uitruil van idees is nie. Daar word egter wel ge-argumenteer dat daar elemente van kritiese teorieë en samesweringsteorieë is wat bepaalde oortuiginge deel oor hoe die sosiale werklikheid gevorm word. Terwyl linkse en kritiese diskoers gekoppel is aan wetenskaplike-historiese analise, word samesweringsdiskoerse gekategoriseer as verklarings wat gebrek lei aan wetenskaplike ondersteuning. Kritiese teoretiese perspektiewe word dus voorgehou as die mees effektiewe oplossing teen utopieseen simplistiese narratiewe. Terwyl die tesis nie die toepasbaarheid van Marxistiese/Kritiese perspektiewe, as verklarings vir die ekonomiese krisies en globale ongelykheid, uitdaag nie, het dit gepoog om die populariteit van samesweringsteorieë, as voorkeur raamwerke vir orientering in teenswoordige tye, aan te spreek. Die tesis het onderneem om vas te stel en te analiseer of die algemeen aanvaarde aanname dat politiek wetenskaplike teorieë en samesweringsteorieë essensieel onversoenbaar is, uitgedaag kan word, gesien in die lig van onlangse akademiese werk oor samesweringskultuur. Die studie bevind dat Marxistiese/kritiese benaderings samesweringsteorieë behoort te verstaan as alternatiewe teen-kennis en as populêre ingangspunte tot belangrike sosiale kwessies wat die globale politieke kultuur definieer. In die sin, sou samesweringsteorieë selfs tradisionele linkse diskoers kon aanvul.
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47

Coppi, Daniel. "Financial crisis containment : an analysis and evaluation of relevant actions applying a complex system approach." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2016. http://researchopen.lsbu.ac.uk/1796/.

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Financial crises can be devastating. They wreak economic havoc within the economies of the relevant countries. Despite being extremely unwelcome they continue to reoccur and, interestingly, their features and root causes seem to be very similar. While there are accepted frameworks that outline the sequential stages of financial crises, the range of potential actions to contain them appear to be rarely academically assessed, or even identified. Such containment actions are diverse and undertaken by a variety of institutions. Thus, the aim of the research presented in this thesis is to provide insights that emerge from an analysis and evaluation of relevant financial crisis containment actions. The analysis is undertaken applying a complex system approach to appropriate financial crisis variables-data. Complex systems theory argues that the effectiveness of actions cannot be assessed by an isolated analysis. Side-effects and interferences from other actions may, in fact, neutralise an intended effect. However, the consequences of actions can be identified by a range of analytical techniques associated with complex systems. Against that background, using models developed from extant theories of financial crises, financial markets and financial containment, such actions are inductively analysed in terms of their sustainability, strength and impact on key indicators. Then, a “mix” of appropriate containment actions is identified with their relative effectiveness. The results of this analysis suggest that there is not a single all-embracing action that alone can contain a financial crisis. However, with varying consequences and degrees of effectiveness, there appear to be several containment actions that can help. Countries facing an isolated domestic financial crisis may apply only few actions to reach three desired key goals (i.e. increased asset prices, reduced risk of bank runs and stable foreign exchange rates). An international financial crisis however, seems to call for attention on other fronts. In these cases, central banks should arrange a harmonisation of monetary policies causing no changes of the foreign exchange rate. More containment actions are also of merit and could be applied. An historical evaluation of the identified “mix” of appropriate containment actions conducted as part of the thesis, in part, supports and strengthens the results of the systemic analysis. Implications, derived from the research, point to a weighted combination of effective containment actions that can be taken by central banks, governments and regulators when attempting to contain financial crises.
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48

Cantero, Martínez Josefa. "Crisis and mutation of the public health service in Spain." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116437.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects that recent health reforms adopted in Spain because of the economic crisis have had on the National Health System. It is not only a matter of mere budgetary cuts or measures of saving in the public expense. Reforms are looking for the efficiency and financial sustainability of health care services. However, a «mutation» in the public service has taken place. Reforms have affected the basic principles of the public system: the insurance model, its universality, the financing of the system and the principles of equity and cohesion of the public service.
El objeto de este trabajo es analizar los efectos que las reformas adoptadas recientemente en España con motivo de la crisis económica han tenido en el servicio público sanitario. No se trata solo de meros recortes presupuestarios y de medidas de ahorro en el gasto público. Las reformas buscan la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad económica del sistema sanitario. Sin embargo, han producido una importante «mutación» del servicio público que ha afectado a los principios básicos inspiradores del modelo, al modelo de aseguramiento, a su universalidad, a su financiación y, con ello, a los principios de equidad y cohesión del sistema.
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Stockhammer, Engelbert. "The finance-dominated accumulation regime, income distribution and the present crisis." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/136/1/document.pdf.

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The paper discusses the interactions of changes in income distribution and the accumulation dynamics in the post-Fordist accumulation regime in OECD countries, which is characterized by deregulated financial markets. The neoliberal mode of regulation came with a decisive shift in power relations at the expense of labor, which is clearly reflected in the fall of wage shares across OECD economies. The notion of a "finance-dominated" accumulation regime is proposed to highlight that financial developments crucially shape the pattern and the pace of accumulation. Financial globalization has relaxed balance of payment constraints and thereby allowed the build up of big international imbalances. The combination of real wage moderation and financial liberalization has led to different strategies (or at least outcomes) in different countries. While some countries (like the USA) exhibit a credit-fuelled consumption-driven growth model that comes with large current account deficits, others (like Germany and Japan) show an export-driven growth model with modest consumption growth and large current account surpluses. Overall the finance-dominated accumulation regime is characterized by a mediocre growth performance and by a high degree of fragility. (author´s abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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50

Löbler, Helge. "When trust makes it worse - rating agencies as disembedded service systems in the U.S. financial crisis." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-218169.

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Rating agencies provide service by offering information about different kinds of securities and/or investment opportunities. This paper addresses questions often asked during the 2008 U.S. financial crisis: Why did no one see this coming? Why were all the explanations given afterward, not given before as precautions? Or if they were given before, why did nobody listen? Using Giddens’ idea of disembedded systems [Giddens A (1991a) The Consequences of Modernity (Polity Press, Cambridge, UK)], the paper describes and frames the phenomenon of U.S. financial crisis and the role of rating agencies in particular as a disembedded service system. Hereby it offers an explanation of the crises in contrast to the common incentive-oriented or moralizing perspectives. The paper shows that the U.S. financial crisis emerged from a disembedded service system, a simulacrum of ratings, which after a while was no more connected to the reality of securities. Information-providing service systems are in danger to become simulacra, and with it they can disembed. The paper offers a new insightful perspective on how to analyze and understand information-providing service systems and hence offers a perspective to avoid crises based on disembedded systems. This is the first paper to our knowledge to analyze information-providing service systems based on Giddens’ theory of abstract disembedded systems. It provides a new understanding of information-providing service systems that can help to avoid crises based on disembedded systems.
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