Academic literature on the topic 'System of electronic payments'
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Journal articles on the topic "System of electronic payments"
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Tan, Kendry, and Hari Sutra Disemadi. "Urgency of Electronic Wallet Regulation in Indonesia." Nagari Law Review 5, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/nalrev.v.5.i.1.p.1-14.2021.
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The payment system in Indonesia has undergone significant changes to date. Starting from the barter system to the existence of an electronic payment system. This change is caused by the development of technology, which has an impact on changing people's lifestyles. The payment system has been known to the public since 2014 when Bank Indonesia issued the National Non-Cash Movement (GNNT) policy. This policy aims to create a cashless society eco-system while at the same time introducing the advantages of electronic payments to the public. Electronic payments are considered safer, more efficient, and easier to track. However, electronic payments are also inseparable from their shortcomings. The electronic payment system, which is relatively new in Indonesia, will face several problems, especially with the legal system. Until now, there has been no law specifically regulating electronic payment systems, specifically E-wallet. This legal vacuum will cause problems both in terms of security and legal protection for users. This study aims to find out the problems that will arise from the E-wallet and provide solutions to the problems raised from a legal perspective. The research method used is normative juridical, using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach to review E-wallets in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that several problems arise from electronic payments. Therefore, regulations are needed to protect user security, oversee the smooth implementation of E-wallet and maintain Indonesia's economic stability.
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Haruna, I. O., P. A. Aidonojie, and O. J. Beida. "Prospects and Issues Concerning the Regulatory Regime of E-Payment System in Nigeria." Journal of Digital Technologies and Law 2, no. 2 (2024): 372–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/jdtl.2024.19.
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Objective: to reveal the legal challenges impeding the smooth operation of electronic payment systems in Nigeria, given that Nigerian official bodies and individuals have already taken some steps to regulate the electronic payment system in the country, but the said step are insufficient.Methods: the study is built on several approaches to the issues of the legal regime of electronic payments in Nigeria. Alongside with the doctrinal interpretation of the legal framework regulating the relations associated with the use of electronic payment system, the authors used sociological cognitive tools and conducted a survey of respondents residing in different geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The description and analysis of the data obtained shows the actual attitude of the respondents to the ongoing processes.Results: international regulation and national legislation on electronic payments in force in Nigeria were examined. The study revealed that e-payments are an effective means of transactions but there are some legal challenges that may hinder the smooth use of e-payments in Nigeria. It was found that although the country has enacted a number of laws relating to the regulation of banking and other financial activities, they are not sufficient to address the challenges posed by modern technologies. The article reflects the issues of electronic signature, trust in technology, data privacy, security of electronic transactions, fraud, authentication and authorization, certainty of rights and obligations, jurisdiction and platforms for resolving online disputes, taxation of electronic payments, and others. The authors note that the task of creating a secure digital environment for the smooth operation of e-commerce and e-payments in Nigeria should not be solely imposed on the government.Scientific novelty: by the example of one of the most promising African states, the authors revealed a spectrum of issues related to the work of electronic payment systems, supporting it with a survey of public opinion. They managed to find out the citizens’ attitude to a number of issues that are most often faced when using the system of electronic payments, and possible areas of change.Practical significance: the current legal issues raised in the study largely hinder the smooth use of the electronic payment system in Nigeria. Hence, the possible ways to improve it suggested by the authors are increasingly significant.
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Polovenko, Liudmyla, Svitlana Merinova, and Kateryna Kopniak. "The development of electronic payment systems in Ukraine and their security." VUZF Review 6, no. 2 (2021): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.21.2.17.
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The paper is devoted to the study of innovations in the market of modern payment systems. The pandemic and quarantine restrictions have accelerated the expansion of the payment infrastructure in Ukraine, which in turn raises the issue of security of electronic payment systems. Ukrainians are more actively switching to electronic payments. At the same time, the trend of growing popularity of contactless payment instruments and settlements with them continues. A comparative analysis of the security of payment systems using electronic technologies in the implementation of money transfer services in Ukraine has been performed. The components of the payment system, information security measures in the electronic payment system have been also considered. The schema of electronic payments and the block diagram of the information protection subsystem of electronic payment system have been constructed. The criteria for assessing the security of the electronic payment system have been determined. A total of fifteen safety criteria have been identified, they are divided into six groups according to the degree of safety. Six electronic system payments were used for the study and the research results have been presented in this paper. The tendencies of development of electronic payment systems in modern conditions and ways of improvement of their activity taking into account the newest information technologies have been outlined.
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Vasylenko, Oleksandr. "Electronic payment system as an object of criminal encroachment." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 32 (2021): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2021-32-515-522.
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Introduction. In recent years, the number of payment transactions carried out using electronic payment systems has grown rapidly. Despite the steady growth of electronic payments among both individuals and legal entities, a number of problems remain unresolved, which primarily include ensuring the security of electronic payment transactions by the state at the legislative level and the development of effective means of combating and preventing crime. in the specified area. The current criminal legislation contains certain rules that can ensure the security of the electronic payment system. But insufficient research of some theoretical aspects of criminal liability for this type of criminal offenses significantly reduces the effectiveness of criminal law protection of this area of life. One such aspect is the theoretical uncertainty of the object that falls under the protection of criminal law. In particular, there is a lack of theoretical definition of the system of electronic payments in terms of the object, which is placed under the protection of criminal law. The aim of the article. The importance of the researched problems and the need to increase the efficiency of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine determine the purpose of this study, which is to define the concept of electronic payment system as an object of criminal protection. Results. Criminal offenses committed in the system of electronic payments belong to a qualitatively new type of mercenary crime in the banking sector, which is directly related to the modernization of economic relations in society. They cover the sphere of economic interests of the state as a whole, individual legal entities, as well as individuals who use the electronic payment system in their own interests. There is a need to develop a universal criminal law terminology in order to improve the regulatory framework governing relations in the field of electronic payments. Unfortunately, the definition of electronic payment system (electronic payment system) has not been properly developed either in the financial and economic sphere or in jurisprudence, and the existing definitions are not clear and contain a list of essential features of such systems. Conclusions. The system of electronic payments as an object of criminal encroachment - is regulated by law the order of public relations for the transfer of funds between participants in the payment system through a special payment mechanism, which is a set of methods, tools, methods to make calculations for effective and safe transfer of funds from the payer to the recipient in time and space and regulated by a special law and payment rules, are implemented on the basis of the contract against which the criminal encroachment is directed. This definition indicates the specifics of the electronic payment system as an object of crime, and also contains a list of all the most important features of this system, which will further contribute to the correct classification of crimes committed in this area.
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Lisniak, Vladyslavа. "INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS USING IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 28(3) (2018): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2018.03.149.
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Introduction. In the course of this research attention was paid to the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the development of electronic payment systems in the world and in Ukraine. The general scheme of electronic payment system work is considered. The dynamics of payments by means of electronic payment systems on the territory of Ukraine is determined. The basic principles of electronic payment systems activity are substantiated. The advantages and disadvantages of electronic payments are considered. The results of the study can be used as practical recommendations for improving the electronic payment activities in Ukraine. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to study the development and status of electronic payment systems and their development in Ukraine. Method (methodology). The main tasks of the research are to consider the general theme of the work of electronic payment systems on the territory of Ukraine; analyze the dynamics of electronic settlements in Ukraine; to substantiate the basic principles of the activity of electronic payment systems; to identify the advantages and disadvantages of electronic payments. Results. The use of electronic payment systems is an extremely positive step towards the economic development of the state. After all, the rapid and effective development of electronic payment systems in Ukraine with the use of international advanced information has a number of advantages for the state economy as a whole and for the individual user in particular: reduction of cash circulation, increase of credit resources, development and wide access to the financial system, etc. It should also be noted that one more important advantage of electronic payments is saving time and minimizing fraud risks.
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Tkachuk, Volodymyr. "Problems of development of non-banking payment systems in Ukraine." Economic Analysis, no. 29(4) (2019): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2019.04.080.
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Introduction. The development of non-cash payments is the key to economic growth in any country, because on the one hand, the level of control over payments increases, and on the other - the volume of customer spending increases, which leads to increased consumption and GDP growth. However, current trends in e-commerce and online commerce require the emergence of new technological solutions in the form of electronic payment systems that can legally handle transactions with electronic money and cryptocurrencies. Given the rapid pace of growth in transactions through non-banking electronic payment systems, the issue of identifying obstacles to the development of such payment systems is urgent, especially in view of the need to ensure effective oversight of payments and the deduction of payments. Purpose. The study of the main problems of development of non-banking payment systems in Ukraine in terms of their structural features and importance for the development of the national economy, as well as the development of recommendations for improving the right regulation of payment transactions with electronic money and cryptocurrencies. Results. The features of the development of non-bank payment systems in Ukraine are investigated. The author classification of non-bank payment systems is offered. The main directions of development of electronic payment systems in Ukraine are identified and the obstacles to the integration of international electronic payment systems providing cryptocurrency payment services are highlighted. Measures to improve domestic legislation in the field of electronic payment and cryptocurrency based electronic payment systems are proposed, as well as recommendations on the creation of a state non-banking electronic payment system using blockchain technology to increase transparency and public procurement payments paying taxes.
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Bakšys, Donatas, and Leonidas Sakalauskas. "MODELLING OF INTERBANK PAYMENTS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 12, no. 4 (2006): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13928619.2006.9637753.
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Non‐cash payments are intensively growing in the payment market. Therefore modern electronic systems of interbank payments are introduced to satisfy this need. The substantial renewal of the payment system was prompted for the implementation of the new banking technologies and aimed at increasing fund turnover as well as complying with the requirements applied in regard of payment systems. Such a system change is a topical theme of discussion on the simulation and analysis of systems of such kind. The article analyses the opportunities for simulating the interbank payment system and presents a model of interbank payments flow. The model is constructed on the analysis of real flow of payments in the payment system.
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Espeleta, Rina Marie. "Utilization of Standard Electronic Payment System among Private Higher Education Institutions in the Province of Albay." JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research 50, no. 1 (2022): 140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v50i1.571.
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Electronic Payment Systems, the transfer of funds through electronic or digital mediums. Several electronic payment options are available, including mobile wallets, bank cards, and mobile banking. Electronic payments are quick and efficient, and the fund transfer occurs instantly. Electronic payments are quickly gaining popularity in the Philippines, giving students a secure and practical means to pay for enrolment fees and other educational costs as schools adopt alternative learning techniques. The purpose of this research is to determine the status of electronic payment in the selected Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) in the second district of Albay and propose a systematic model that HEIs can adopt to lessen the costs and risks of handling cash transactions. The study used a mixed method, the qualitative and quantitative research design, to analyze and hence boost the validity of the data. According to the data presented, the GCASH application is one of the most used applications when paying online. It is more accessible and less hassle to use. Furthermore, using the Kendall Coefficient of Concordance, the perception of the selected private HEIs has shown a significant correlation to each other, resulting in a rare use based on the data analysis. The selected private institutions currently take electronic payments. Still, they have not yet thought about giving students and parents the most control over those payments online, and schools are still adapting electronic payment systems.
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Anil, Lohar, Y. Gajare Yogini, and Kumar Atul. "E-payment system: Characteristics and features." Siddhant Management Review 2, no. 1 (2017): 19–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6677351.
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The financial system is considered as a real backbone of any economy. A reliable and transparent financial system is a must for handling an increasing number of monetary transactions of the economy. The e-payment system in India becoming more popular and e-payments have witnessed an exponential growth in last few years. In this article, first attempt is made to understand the e-payments, second attempt to critically analyses characteristics of e-payment system and final attempt to find the features of the ideal electronic payment system. The article is based on exploratory research and secondary data. The data was accumulated from books, journals, magazines, websites and other published sources available. This article provides an original insight of e-payment system, characteristics of e-payment system and features of the ideal electronic payment system. The basic characteristics of e-payment system are applicability, ease of use, security, reliability, trust, scalability, convertibility, interoperability, efficiency, anonymity, traceability, and authorisation type. The features of the ideal electronic payment service are compliant, reversals, freely accessible (non-discriminatory), immediate, final, transaction amount neutral, transparent and anonymity.
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Kovács, Levente, and Sandor David. "Fraud risk in electronic payment transactions." Journal of Money Laundering Control 19, no. 2 (2016): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2015-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is the timely review of regulations on the security of electronic payments, payment innovations and their vulnerabilities and discussing the recommendations elaborated by the European Forum on the Security of Retail Payments. Design/methodology/approach First, the article presents a serious fraud case which happened in the Hungarian banking system. This case demonstrates all risks associated with the security of payment channels being used. Next, the article examines those international SecuRe Pay Forum recommendations which target the elimination of such fraud risks. Finally, the article compares current domestic regulations with these recommendations. Findings The fraud incidents and the speed of penetration of new fraud techniques and methods caught the attention of payment service providers, customers, supervisors and overseers. The result of their cooperation is the European Forum on the Security of Retail Payments. The forum elaborated three sets of recommendations on security of Internet payments, payment account access services and mobile payments, which are missing elements of the present Hungarian and pan-European regulations. Both domestic and international regulators should build on the revised Payment Services Directive and the recommendations in question, to avoid fraud incidents like the one this article initially portrayed. Originality/value The article presents a specific, true case which took place in Hungary in 2014.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "System of electronic payments"
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Mandadi, Ravi. "Comparison of Current On-line Payment Technologies." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7383.
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<p>The purpose of this thesis work was to make a survey of current on-line payment technologies and find out which are they and how do they work? Compare and analyze them from a security point of view, as well as a usability point of view. What is good? What is bad? What is lacking?</p><p>To achieve this purpose, an overview of the current on-line payment technologies was acquired through academic books and papers, Internet sites, magazines. Basic cryptographic and security related techniques were studied for the security analysis of current on-line payment systems.</p><p>In this work, various current on-line payment systems were classified into two groups [Macro and Micro on-line payment systems]. This classification was based on the mode of on-line payment transactions. To analyze these on-line payment systems, a set of payment system requirements were formed [Security Issues, Usability Issues, Anonymity, Scalability etc].</p><p>Under the category of Macro payment system, Credit Card payment system, Debit Card payment system, Stored Value Card payment system, Electronic Check payment system, Electronic Cash payment system, Electronic account transfer payment system and mobile payment system transactions were examined.</p><p>Under the category of Micro payment system, Hash Chain based Payment System, Hash Collisions and Hash sequences based Payment Systems, Shared Secrete Keys based Payment Systems and Probability based payment systems were examined.</p><p>Based on the requirements of payment system, these on-line payment systems were analyzed and compared. In the analysis phase, the advantages and drawbacks of these payment systems were figured out.</p><p>It was found from the study that the credit card based payment systems are the most widely used means of conducting on-line payments. It is evident that credit card based payment systems satisfy stakeholder requirements the best, as they offer more flexible payment options, having a large user-base, benefit from familiarity and simplicity of use and also allow international payments. The other on-line payment systems lack this flexibility</p><p>It can also be extracted from the study that users want more simplified, convenient and secure on-line payment systems. Thus the futuristic on-line payment systems will have all secure payment options into one system.</p>
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Dold, Florian. "The GNU Taler system : practical and provably secure electronic payments." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S008/document.
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Les nouveaux protocoles de réseautage et cryptographiques peuvent considérablement améliorer les systèmes de paiement électroniques en ligne. Le présent mémoire porte sur la conception, la mise en œuvre et l’analyse sécuritaire du GNU Taler, un système de paiement respectueux de la vie privée conçu pour être pratique pour l’utilisation en ligne comme méthode de (micro-)paiement, et en même temps socialement et moralement responsable. La base technique du GNU Taler peut être dû à l’e-cash de David Chaum. Notre travail va au-delà de l’e-cash de Chaum avec un changement efficace, et la nouvelle notion de transparence des revenus garantissant que les marchands ne peuvent recevoir de manière fiable un paiement d’un payeur non fiable que lorsque leurs revenus du paiement est visible aux autorités fiscales. La transparence des revenus est obtenue grâce à l’introduction d’un protocole d’actualisation donnant lieu à un changement anonyme pour un jeton partiellement dépensé sans avoir besoin de l’introduction d’une évasion fiscale échappatoire. De plus, nous démontrons la sécurité prouvable de la transparence anonyme de nos revenus e-cash, qui concerne en plus l’anonymat habituel et les propriétés infalsifiables de l’e-cash, ainsi que la conservation formelle des fonds et la transparence des revenus. Notre mise en œuvre du GNU Taler est utilisable par des utilisateurs non-experts et s’intègre à l’architecture du web moderne. Notre plateforme de paiement aborde une série de questions pratiques telles que la prodigue des conseils aux clients, le mode de remboursement, l’intégration avec les banques et les chèques “know-your-customer (KYC)”, ainsi que les exigences de sécurité et de fiabilité de la plateforme web. Sur une seule machine, nous réalisons des taux d’opérations qui rivalisent avec ceux des processeurs de cartes de crédit commerciaux globaux. Pendant que les crypto-monnaies basées sur la preuve de travail à l’instar de Bitcoin doivent encore être mises à l’échelle pour servir de substituant aux systèmes de paiement établis, d’autres systèmes plus efficaces basés sur les Blockchains avec des algorithmes de consensus plus classiques pourraient avoir des applications prometteurs dans le secteur financier. Nous faisons dans la conception, la mise en œuvre et l’analyse de la Byzantine Set Union Consensus, un protocole de Byzantine consensus qui s’accorde sur un (Super-)ensemble d’éléments à la fois, au lieu d’accepter en séquence les éléments individuels sur un ensemble. Byzantine Set consensus peut être utilisé comme composante de base pour des chaînes de blocs de permissions, où (à l’instar du style Nakamoto consensus) des blocs entiers d’opérations sont convenus à la fois d’augmenter le taux d’opération<br>We describe the design and implementation of GNU Taler, an electronic payment system based on an extension of Chaumian online e-cash with efficient change. In addition to anonymity for customers, it provides the novel notion of income transparency, which guarantees that merchants can reliably receive a payment from an untrusted payer only when their income from the payment is visible to tax authorities. Income transparency is achieved by the introduction of a refresh protocol, which gives anonymous change for a partially spent coin without introducing a tax evasion loophole. In addition to income transparency, the refresh protocol can be used to implement Camenisch-style atomic swaps, and to preserve anonymity in the presence of protocol aborts and crash faults with data loss by participants. Furthermore, we show the provable security of our income-transparent anonymous e-cash, which, in addition to the usual anonymity and unforgeability proper- ties of e-cash, also formally models conservation of funds and income transparency. Our implementation of GNU Taler is usable by non-expert users and integrates with the modern Web architecture. Our payment platform addresses a range of practical issues, such as tipping customers, providing refunds, integrating with banks and know-your-customer (KYC) checks, as well as Web platform security and reliability requirements. On a single machine, we achieve transaction rates that rival those of global, commercial credit card processors. We increase the robustness of the exchange—the component that keeps bank money in escrow in exchange for e-cash—by adding an auditor component, which verifies the correct operation of the system and allows to detect a compromise or misbehavior of the exchange early. Just like bank accounts have reason to exist besides bank notes, e-cash only serves as part of a whole payment system stack. Distributed ledgers have recently gained immense popularity as potential replacement for parts of the traditional financial industry. While cryptocurrencies based on proof-of-work such as Bitcoin have yet to scale to be useful as a replacement for established payment systems, other more efficient systems based on Blockchains with more classical consensus algorithms might still have promising applications in the financial industry. We design, implement and analyze the performance of Byzantine Set Union Consensus (BSC), a Byzantine consensus protocol that agrees on a (super-)set of elements at once, instead of sequentially agreeing on the individual elements of a set. While BSC is interesting in itself, it can also be used as a building block for permissioned Blockchains, where—just like in Nakamoto-style consensus—whole blocks of transactions are agreed upon at once, increasing the transaction rate
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Liao, Weinian 1970. "Evolution of the payments system and the long-term demand for money in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85184.
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This dissertation starts by examining the evolution of the Canadian payments system from a historical perspective by reviewing the institutional evolution, as well as the development and adoption of some of the newest payment instruments. Two major trends in recent Canadian payment history are revealed, i.e., cash payments are being replaced by non-cash payments and paper-based payment instruments are being replaced by electronic payment instruments.<br>Next, we adopt a model proposed by Snellman et al. (2000) to conduct a Canadian study of the retail cash payment flows. The estimated results imply that the share of cash, as well as cheques, in overall retail payments in Canada has declined quite considerably. We then investigate the cash substitution process, as well as the electronification of payments in Canada using S-shaped growth curve models. Our results indicate that although the card payments will continue to further substitute for cash, cash will still remain the preferred medium of retail payments in Canada. However, approximately 80% of all payments are forecasted to be electronic in just 20 years.<br>This dissertation then extends the existing literature on the long-run money demand relationship in Canada by employing information on the payment technology development as an instrument variable to account for financial innovations that might have caused structural shifts in the money demand equation. The econometric methodology employed is cointegration and error-correction modelling. It is found that our measure of financial innovations removes most of the structural breaks in the money demand equation over the sample period. A unique and significant long-run money demand relationship is detected. The short-run dynamic specifications of the VECM system imply the weak exogeneity of output and interest rates.
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Randa, Jakub. "Systém pro integraci platebních terminálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412896.
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This master's thesis describes the process of integration of electronic payment terminals into another technological solutions and eventually enabling the opportunity to make electronic payments using these solutions. It analyses the current situation on the field of electronic payments and the possibilities of own solution for these payments. It discusses the security aspects of payment operations and terminals and it also describes current legal situation involving the electronic payments in Czech Republic. It describes the process of implementation of the application for payment terminal integration and analyses the results of testing.
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Hao, Yiyao. "Micro-payment exchange system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2838.
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The purpose of this project is to investigate the infrastructure requirements for a currency exchange market for holders of currencies issued through the Lightweight Currency Protocol. The Lightweight Currency Protocol was designed as a means for entities to issue currencies for the purpose of cultivating low value business transactions between collaborating nodes in a peer-to-peer market.
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Deng, Ni. "A secure, payment-based email delivery system." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2909.
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Wang, Hua. "Access management in electronic commerce system." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2004. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001522/.
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The definition of Electronic commerce is the use of electronic transmission mediums to engage in the exchange, including buying and selling, of products and services requiring transportation, either physically or digitally, from location to location. Electronic commerce systems, including mobile e-commerce, are widely used since 1990. The number of world-wide Internet users tripled between 1993 and 1995 to 60 million, and by 2000 there were 250 million users. More than one hundred countries have Internet access. Electronic commerce, especial mobile e-commerce systems, allows their users to access a large set of traditional (for example, voice communications) and contemporary (for example, e-shop) services without being tethered to one particular physical location. With the increasing use of electronic service systems for security sensitive application (for example, e-shop) that can be expected in the future, the provision of secure services becomes more important. The dynamic mobile environment is incompatible with static security services. Electronic service access across multiple service domains, and the traditional access mechanisms rely on cross-domain authentication using roaming agreements starting home location. Cross-domain authentication involves many complicated authentication activities when the roam path is long. This limits future electronic commerce applications. Normally, there are three participants in an electronic service. These are users, service providers, and services. Some services bind users and service providers as well as services such as flight services; other services do not bind any participants, for instance by using cash in shopping services, everyone can use cash to buy anything in shops. Hence, depending on which parts are bound, there are different kinds of electronic services. However, there is no scheme to provide a solution for all kinds of electronic services. Users have to change service systems if they want to apply different kind of electronic services on the Internet. From the consumer's point of view, users often prefer to have a total solution for all kinds of service problems, some degree of anonymity with no unnecessary cross authentications and a clear statement of account when shopping over the Internet. There are some suggested solutions for electronic service systems, but the solutions are neither total solution for all kinds of services nor have some degree of anonymity with a clear statement of account. In our work, we build a bridge between existing technologies and electronic service theory such as e-payment, security and so on. We aim to provide a foundation for the improvement of technology to aid electronic service application. As validation, several technologies for electronic service system design have been enhanced and improved in this project. To fix the problems mentioned above, we extend our idea to a ticket based access service system. The user in the above electronic service system has to pay when s/he obtains service. S/He can pay by traditional cash (physical cash), check, credit or electronic cash. The best way to pay money for goods or services on the Internet is using electronic cash. Consumers, when shopping over the Internet, often prefer to have a high level of anonymity with important things and a low level with general one. The ideal system needs to provide some degree of anonymity for consumers so that they cannot be traced by banks. There are a number of proposals for electronic cash systems. All of them are either too large to manage or lack flexibility in providing anonymity. Therefore, they are not suitable solutions for electronic payment in the future. We propose a secure, scalable anonymity and practical payment protocol for Internet purchases. The protocol uses electronic cash for payment transactions. In this new protocol, from the viewpoint of banks, consumers can improve anonymity if they are worried about disclosure of their identities. An agent, namely anonymity provider agent provides a higher anonymous certificate and improves the security of the consumers. The agent will certify re-encrypted data after verifying the validity of the content from consumers, but with no private information of the consumers required. With this new method, each consumer can get the required anonymity level. Electronic service systems involve various subsystems such as service systems, payment systems, and management systems. Users and service providers are widely distributed and use heterogeneous catalog systems. They are rapidly increasing in dynamic environments. The management of these service systems will be very complex. Whether systems are successful or not depends on the quality of their management. To simplify the management of e-commerce systems \cite{Sandhu97}, we discuss role based access control management. We define roles and permissions in the subsystems. For example, there are roles TELLER, AUDITOR, MANAGER and permissions teller (account operation), audit operation, managerial decision in a bank system. Permissions are assigned to roles such as permission teller is assigned to role TELLER. People (users) employed in the bank are granted roles to perform associated duties. However, there are conflicts between various roles as well as between various permissions. These conflicts may cause serious security problems with the bank system. For instance, if permissions teller and audit operation are assigned to a role, then a person with this role will have too much privilege to break the security of the bank system. Therefore, the organizing of relationships between users and roles, roles and permissions currently requires further development. Role based access control (RBAC) has been widely used in database management and operating systems. In 1993, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed prototype implementations, sponsored external research, and published formal RBAC models. Since then, many RBAC practical applications have been implemented, because RBAC has many advantages such as reducing administration cost and complexity. However, there are some problems which may arise in RBAC management. One is related to authorization granting process. For example, when a role is granted to a user, this role may conflict with other roles of the user or together with this role; the user may have or derive a high level of authority. Another is related to authorization revocation. For instance, when a role is revoked from a user, the user may still have the role. To solve these problems, we present an authorization granting algorithm, and weak revocation and strong revocation algorithms that are based on relational algebra. The algorithms check conflicts and therefore help allocate the roles and permissions without compromising the security in RBAC. We describe the applications of the new algorithms with an anonymity scalable payment scheme. In summary, this thesis has made the following major contributions in electronic service systems: 1. A ticket based global solution for electronic commerce systems; A ticket based solution is designed for different kinds of e-services. Tickets provide a flexible mechanism and users can check charges at anytime. 2. Untraceable electronic cash system; An untraceable e-cash system is developed, in which the bank involvement in the payment transaction between a user and a receiver is eliminated. Users remain anonymous, unless she/he spends a coin more than once. 3. A self-scalable anonymity electronic payment system; In this payment system, from the viewpoint of banks, consumers can improve anonymity if they are worried about disclosure of their identities. Each consumer can get the required anonymity level. 4. Using RBAC to manage electronic payment system; The basic structure of RBAC is reviewed. The challenge problems in the management of RBAC with electronic payment systems are analysed and how to use RBAC to manage electronic payment system is proposed. 5. The investigation of recovery algorithms for conflicting problems in user-role assignments and permission-role assignments. Formal authorization allocation algorithms for role-based access control have developed. The formal approaches are based on relational structure, and relational algebra and are used to check conflicting problems between roles and between permissions.
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Foo, Ernest. "Strategies for designing efficient electronic payment schemes." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Arbussà, i. Reixach Anna. "The effects of information and communication technologies on the banking sector and the payments system." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7696.
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This dissertation studies the effects of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the banking sector and the payments system. It provides insight into how technology-induced changes occur, by exploring both the nature and scope of main technology innovations and evidencing their economic implications for banks and payment systems. Some parts in the dissertation are descriptive. They summarise the main technological developments in the field of finance and link them to economic policies. These parts are complemented with sections of the study that focus on assessing the extent of technology application to banking and payment activities. Finally, it includes also some work which borrows from the economic literature on banking. The need for an interdisciplinary approach arises from the complexity of the topic and the rapid path of change to which it is subject.<br/>The first chapter provides an overview of the influence of developments in ICT on the evolution of financial services and international capital flows. We include main indicators and discuss innovation in the financial sector, exchange rates and international capital flows. The chapter concludes with impact analysis and policy options regarding the international financial architecture, some monetary policy issues and the role of international institutions. <br/>The second chapter is a technology assessment study that focuses on the relationship between technology and money. The application of technology to payments systems is transforming the way we use money and, in some instances, is blurring the definition of what constitutes money. This chapter surveys the developments in electronic forms of payment and their relationship to the banking system. It also analyses the challenges posed by electronic money for regulators and policy makers, and in particular the opportunities created by two simultaneous processes: the Economic and Monetary Union and the increasing use of electronic payment instruments.<br/>The third chapter deals with the implications of developments in ICT on relationship banking. The financial intermediation literature explains relationship banking as a type of financial intermediation characterised by proprietary information and multiple interactions with customers. This form of banking is important for the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. We discuss the effects of ICT on the banking sector as a whole and then apply these developments to the case of relationship banking.<br/>The fourth chapter is an empirical study of the effects of technology on the banking business, using a sample of data from the Spanish banking industry. The design of the study is based on some of the events described in the previous chapters, and also draws from the economic literature on banking. The study shows that developments in information management have differential effects on wholesale and retail banking activities. <br/>Finally, the last chapter is a technology assessment study on electronic payments systems in Spain and the European Union. It contains an analysis of existing payment systems and ongoing or planned initiatives in Spain. It forms part of a broader project comprising a series of country-specific analyses covering ten European countries. The main issues raised across the countries serve as the starting point to discuss implications of the development of electronic money for regulation and policies, and in particular, for monetary-policy making.
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Addo, Archie N. S. "An Expert System for the Selection of Electronic Payment Systems Based on Organizational Security Requirements." NSUWorks, 1999. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/382.
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The widespread popularity of the Internet has made the promise of worldwide electronic commerce (EC) a reality. Companies are exploring how to provide goods and services over the Internet in order to extend their reach to a global marketplace that conducts business 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The low cost of transacting business electronically has been the motivating factor as consumers eagerly look toward the Internet to create economic opportunities. Electronic payment, a financial exchange that takes place online between buyers and sellers, is an integral part of EC. The content of this exchange usually involves some form of digital financial instrument (such as encrypted credit card numbers, electronic checks, or digital cash) that is backed by a bank or an intermediary, or by legal tender. With the rapid growth in EC, organizations are often faced with the problem of selecting an appropriate electronic payment system (EPS) to meet their requirements. While demand is rapidly growing, security concern is a major reason that impedes EC growth.
Organizations selecting individual EPS with different security methods find it extremely difficult to do business with each other. Selection of an EPS is a complex task. Firms often lack the necessary in-house expertise to make this choice. Hiring external consultants with expertise in the area can be expensive. A poor decision may have a significant negative impact. Implementing an EPS requires considerable technical expertise. Difficulties involved in selection and implementation include identifying the firm’s requirements, understanding available EPS options, and evaluating the best option based on economic, technical, and operational concerns. To deal with the complex decision of EPS selection in a changing environment, an expert system may be used. An expert system prototype for the selection of EPS was proposed, based on analysis and evaluation of major electronic payment systems (EPSs). The goal of this dissertation was to develop a rule-based expert system that would aid the requirement analysis process by asking appropriate questions; maintain a knowledge base on the security characteristics of various EPSs; and contain the expertise required to select and implement an appropriate system that meets an organization's security requirements. An extensive literature review was conducted to evaluate major EPSs to ascertain each system's applicability, strengths and weaknesses. Features of each were analyzed, with an emphasis on security aspects. Results were used to help design and build a prototype rule-based system to help organizations determine an appropriate strategy for security in EPS. The following EPSs were considered: Electronic card-based systems: First Virtual (FV), Cyber Cash, and Secure Electronic Transactions (SET). Electronic checks: Net Bill and NetCheque. Electronic cash payment systems: Ecash and CyberCoin. Micropayment systems: Millicent and Pay word.
The decision table approach was utilized to ensure that the rule base was well designed. The proposed system is capable of providing security advice related to those EPSs that have been included in the system. The proposed system handles questions based on security characteristics, but is not able to handle new systems whose characteristics have not been entered into the system. The expert system was designed in such a way that future changes to EPS characteristics require minimum change to the knowledge base. A prototype expert system for the selection of electronic payment systems was built and tested to validate the system. The recommendations of the expert system were compared to the recommendations of experts. Test results indicated that the rule-based paradigm with decision tables is useful in the design of a successful expert system for the selection of EPSs.
Books on the topic "System of electronic payments"
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Bradford, Terri. Nonbanks in the payments system. Payments System Research Dept., Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2003.
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International Business Machines Corporation. International Technical Support Organization, ed. Fidelity National Information Systems payments reference architecture for IBM System z. IBM, International Technical Support Organization, 2008.
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Chakravorti, Sujit. Analysis of systemic risk in the payments system. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, 1996.
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Bhala, Raj. Towards a payments system law for developing and transition economies. World Bank, 1995.
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Group, Globecon, and Financial Executives Research Foundation, eds. Electronic data interchange and corporate trade payments. Financial Executives Research Foundation, 1988.
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Garnov, Andrey. Organization of non-cash payments. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2025. https://doi.org/10.12737/2130667.
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The textbook offers the reader a systematic approach to the study of the basic principles and methods of organizing cashless payments, as well as practical information about various electronic payment systems. Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state educational standards for higher education. For students of higher educational institutions studying in economic fields of study.
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1952-, Brindle Michael, Cox Raymond 1959-, and Coleman Richard, eds. Law of bank payments. 3rd ed. Sweet & Maxwell, 2004.
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McKinlay, Melita. Electronic cash: A payment system for the internet. Oxford Brookes University, 1999.
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d'Italia, Banca, ed. Interbank payments in Italy: Lines of reform : the project after consultations with the banking system. Banca d'Italia, 1995.
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Southern African Development Community. Payment System Project Team. Guide to developing a strategic framework for payment system modernisation. SADC Payment System Project Team, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "System of electronic payments"
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Wonglimpiyarat, Jarunee. "Electronic Payment System of Thailand: Mobile Banking Market Competition." In The Book of Payments. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60231-2_23.
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Goodell, Geoff, D. R. Toliver, and Hazem Danny Nakib. "A Scalable Architecture for Electronic Payments." In Financial Cryptography and Data Security. FC 2022 International Workshops. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32415-4_38.
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AbstractWe present a scalable architecture for electronic retail payments via central bank digital currency and offer a solution to the perceived conflict between robust regulatory oversight and consumer affordances such as privacy and control. Our architecture combines existing work in payment systems and digital currency with a new approach to digital asset design for managing unforgeable, stateful, and oblivious assets without relying on either a central authority or a monolithic consensus system. Regulated financial institutions have a role in every transaction, and the consumer affordances are achieved through the use of non-custodial wallets that unlink the sender from the recipient in the transaction channel. This approach is fully compatible with the existing two-tiered banking system and can complement and extend the roles of existing money services businesses and asset custodians.
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Harper, Ian, Ric Simes, and Craig Malam. "The Development of Electronic Payments Systems." In Contributions to Economics. Physica-Verlag HD, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7908-1707-4_3.
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Satri, Jihad, Hanaa Hachimi, and Chakib El Mokhi. "Nudging Users Towards Embracing Electronic Payments." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-88304-0_39.
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Humphrey, David Burras. "Payments System Risk, Market Failure, and Public Policy." In Electronic Funds Transfers and Payments: The Public Policy Issues. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7738-0_5.
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Mengle, David L. "Legal and Regulatory Reform in Electronic Payments: An Evaluation of Payment Finality Rules." In The U.S. Payment System: Efficiency, Risk and the Role of the Federal Reserve. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2510-6_9.
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Hassan, Md Arif, Zarina Shukur, and Mohammad Kamrul Hasan. "Electronic Wallet Payment System in Malaysia." In Data Analytics and Management. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8335-3_55.
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Huang, Ting. "Design of Mobile Electronic Payment System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01766-2_81.
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Zhao, J., C. Dong, and E. Koch. "Yet Another Simple Internet Electronic Payment System." In Mobile Communications. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34980-0_27.
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Qiu, Weidong. "A Fair Off-line Electronic Payment System." In Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44910-2_9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "System of electronic payments"
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Guan, Yuqing, and Andrea Tick. "Literature Review on Security of Personal Information in Electronic Payments." In 2024 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics (SACI). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/saci60582.2024.10619864.
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Syahri, Qadri Alfi, Jio Stephen Prabowo, Muhammad Naufal Priatna, and Tiurida Lily Anita. "Tap & Stay: Streamlining Capsule Hotel Payments with Electronic Transactions." In 2024 9th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icbir61386.2024.10875801.
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Guan, Yuqing, and Andrea Tick. "Application and Evaluation of Layered Security Measures in Military Electronic Payment Systems." In 2024 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cinti63048.2024.10830875.
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Lu, Jiaxin. "Improving Fraud Detection in Mobile Payments with Machine Learning Ensembles." In 2024 4th International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer Science (EIECS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/eiecs63941.2024.10800126.
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Yuzvovich, L. I., M. I. Lvova, and M. S. Maramygin. "Strategic Determinants of Choice of Electronic Payment System in Internet Trade Companies." In International Conference on Finance, Economics, Management and IT Business (FEMIB 2024). Crossref, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63550/iceip.2025.76.98.001.
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The scientific article is devoted to the strategic determinants of choosing an electronic payment system in online trading companies based on the creation of an integrated approach to analyzing the performance of these systems in the context of e-commerce activities. In the modern world, where boundaries are erased due to digitalization, tools for making electronic payments are acquiring new horizons of distribution. They are becoming key in processing significant financial flows, making their reliability and security vital for economic entities whose activities are related to e-commerce. Failures of systems that make electronic payments lead even the most stable companies to huge losses, however, a well-chosen payment aggregator , on the contrary, will have a positive impact on the unit economics of the organization. At the same time, it is important for companies to understand that the situation in the payment acquiring systems industry tends to change quickly, working conditions and commissions often change, weaknesses are regularly discovered in security systems, but with all this, new formats of cooperation are opening up, individual conditions are agreed upon for ecommerce platforms, issues of import substitution of foreign solutions are a priority. For online trade aggregators, it is of primary importance to select a payment service that meets the volume of electronic payments and other individual requests of the organization. The variety of payment services is added to the rapid pace of development of the entire industry, which is why the issues of studying the infrastructure of electronic payments and forming a strategy for choosing a payment service require in-depth study. The abovementioned theses emphasize the relevance and practical importance of scientific research. The subject of the study is a set of financial instruments that are used to implement the acceptance and transmission of electronic payments within the framework of companies engaged in full-cycle trade via the Internet. The result of the study is the development of practical recommendations for the formation of a strategy for optimizing the choice of electronic payment systems in Internet trading companies , based on an expert assessment of qualitative and quantitative indicators.
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Kavyashree, B. S., P. Kavya, and K. S. Munnavalli Matt. "Electronic Payments Systems." In Department of Information Science and Technology. Research Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-4426-1_042.
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Dahlberg, Tomi, and Anssi Oorni. "Understanding Changes in Consumer Payment Habits - Do Mobile Payments and Electronic Invoices Attract Consumers?" In Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2007.580.
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Teran, Luis, Celine Horst, B. Fausto Valencia, and Priscila Rodriguez. "Public electronic payments: A case study of the electronic cash system in Ecuador." In 2016 Third International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icedeg.2016.7461698.
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Raman, Ramakrishnan, and Karthiayani A. "Cloud-based Electronic Toll Collection: Enabling Contactless and Automated Payments System." In 2023 7th International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-smac58438.2023.10290414.
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Emil Richard Singh, B., and E. Sivasankar. "Risk Analysis in Electronic Payments and Settlement System Using Dimensionality Reduction Techniques." In 2018 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence.2018.8442666.
Full textReports on the topic "System of electronic payments"
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Tinta, Jule Kaïni, Mouhamed Zerbo, Fabrizio Santoro, Awa Diouf, and Kèrabouro Pale. Electronic Services and Tax Compliance: Evidence from Medium and Small Businesses in Burkina Faso. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.099.
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African governments are increasingly digitalising their tax systems, with the hope of raising more revenue through digitalisation. This paper investigates the adoption and impact of electronic services on tax outcomes, focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Burkina Faso. We focus on three indicators of e-service adoption by taxpayers – namely registering for the eSINTAX platform, using it for e-filing (called eSINTAX filing), and paying taxes digitally (called tax epayment). We rely on survey data from 1,090 SMEs and tax administrative data of about 17,000 SMEs on eSINTAX, tax returns and payments. We present three sets of results. First, key drivers for adopting eSINTAX services include having SARL legal status, using electronic billing machines, having higher tax knowledge, operating in the trade sector, undergoing audits, having a dedicated accounting department, and being an older business. Second, we explore how technology usage shapes tax attitudes and perceptions. While no strong relationship is found between eSINTAX filing and practical perceptions of navigating the tax system, tax e-payment significantly improves the perceived ease of filing and facilitates compliance, particularly after tax adjustments. Also, eSINTAX enhances perceptions of tax system fairness, transparency, and trust, and reduces perceived corruption. Lastly, we document the causal impacts of eSINTAX services on tax declarations and payments. Registering for eSINTAX significantly increases declared tax liabilities, a trend that continues with eSINTAX filing. Tax e-payment results in higher tax amounts paid compared to non-digital methods. Based on these findings, the paper offers policy recommendations for the Burkinabe revenue authority and other African governments aiming to leverage digitalisation to strengthen their tax systems. These recommendations include the launch of targeted awareness-raising campaigns and the organisation of practical training to encourage the adoption of digital tax services. There should also be more investment in digital infrastructure and e-payment security to ensure reliability and trust in e-payment systems.
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Arango-Arango, Carlos A., Ana Carolina Ramirez-Pineda, and Manuela Restrepo-Bernal. Person-to-business Instant payments in Colombia: would it stick? Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1192.
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More than 60 countries in the world have already implemented instant payment systems (IPS). However, in many cases they have been operational mainly for person-to-person transactions. This study looks at the challenges IPS may face in developing economies like Colombia as they advance further into the person-to-business transactions space. Using a survey on Colombian merchants (IV-2020), the study explores the factors associated with merchants´ propensity to adopt instant payments and those associated with the adoption of current electronic payment alternatives. It shows that IPS will need to have a broad strategy to penetrate the person-to-business space, as they will have to compete with the low marginal costs and immediacy that cash already offers and the high levels of informality in the commerce sector, especially for micro businesses. Furthermore, IPS will have to meet the high expectations merchants have about instant payments enabling access to other financial services, enhancing their competitiveness, and increasing their bottom line.
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Masuku, Phindile T., Ziyanda Dlamini, and Fabrizio Santoro. Understanding the Tax Payment Compliance of Companies: Evidence from Eswatini. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2025.040.
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Corporate income tax (CIT) compliance is a critical aspect of maintaining a fair and robust tax system. It ensures that businesses fulfil their legal tax obligations and contribute their fair share to public finances. However, achieving high compliance rates is often challenging due to various factors including, among others, the complexity of the tax system, economic factors (income levels, audit probabilities, liquidity constraints, tax benefits etc.) and businesses’ perceptions about the tax system and government. The Eswatini Revenue Service (ERS) database was used to access returns and payments data covering a six-year period from 2017 to 2022, to study patterns of non-compliance with CIT tax payments and to understand the key factors explaining them. We present several results. First, large firms are more likely to comply with tax payments compared to smaller businesses. This results in the smaller companies attracting interest and penalties on top of their declared liabilities. Second, in terms of sectoral analysis, the tertiary sector evidently recorded the highest compliance with tax payments. Third, payments made through electronic bank transfers were associated with being timely and more complete than those made through cash and by card. However, mobile money payments do not perform as well as electronic transfers in terms of being associated with timely payments. Additionally, taxpayers in their first three years since registration were found to be more likely to comply when compared to those that have been in the system for longer. Lastly, the correlational evidence revealed that taxpayers filing their tax returns late were less likely to pay their liabilities and that compliance was found to be higher for taxpayers who correctly filed two provisional declarations and one annual tax return in the year. From the findings of the study, some administrative and policy considerations can be adopted by the ERS, in order to enforce and support compliance with CIT. These include strategies to ensure simplified processes for smaller taxpayers to reduce their tax compliance burden, and proactive approaches to boosting voluntary compliance, such as investing in comprehensive taxpayer education programmes.
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Gruodis, Alytis, Violeta Jadzgevičienė, Aleksandr Igumenov, Joana Lapkovskaja, and Jonas Žaptorius. INO-PAY Information System Using E-Pay and E-Banking Realizations. Case Study. Vilnius Business College, 2024. https://doi.org/10.57005/ab.2024.2.7.
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The innovative FinTech platform INO-PAY was described in terms of construction, functionality, flexibility, expandability, and security assurance framework. Current solutions of E-banking and E-pay systems are presented to compare the marked requirements, needs of customers, and technical issues. User - customer receives complete information about the transaction, including transaction parameters, transaction accompanying documents (contract, invoice, protocols, receipts, etc.) in real-time, which has not been provided on any electronic payment platforms. The created product ensures the convenience of financial settlements and allows you to track your financial transactions by checking their content. The platform is based on the Request-to-Pay standard and provides an opportunity for both parties to establish a dialogue, agree on more flexible payment terms, and allows the user to pay without additional contact with the seller by phone/e-mail, to pay the bill in installments by mail, to request an extension of the payment term or to reject the received payment request. Platform INO-PAY allows customers to compare banks’ services and allows banks to initiate new markets in different geographical areas. Electronic platforms like INO-PAY allow customers access to financial services more efficiently than banks in some problematic areas of non-EU countries.
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Gillen, Emily, Olivia Berzin, Adam Vincent, and Doug Johnston. Certified Electronic Health Record Technology Under the Quality Payment Program. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0014.1801.
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The 2016 Quality Payment Program (QPP) is a Medicare reimbursement reform designed to incentivize value-based care over volume-based care. A core tenet of the QPP is integrated utilization of certified electronic health record technology (CEHRT). Adopting and implementing CEHRT is a resource-intensive process, requiring both financial capital and human capital (in the form of knowledge and time). Adoption can be especially challenging for small or rural practices that may not have access to such capital. In this issue brief, we discuss the role of CEHRT in the QPP and offer policy recommendations to help small and rural practices improve their health information technology (IT) capabilities with regards to participation in value-based care. The QPP requires practices to have health IT capabilities, both as a requirement for a complete performance score and to facilitate reporting. Practices that are unable to implement CEHRT will have difficulty complying with the new reimbursement system, and will likely incur financial losses. We recommend monetary support and staff training to small and rural practices for the adoption of CEHRT, and we recommend assistance to help practices comply with the requirements of the QPP and coordinate with other small and rural practices for reporting purposes.
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Derrick, Fossong, Ashu Mc Moi Ndi, and Fabrizio Santoro. Digital Tax Policy and Tax Revenue Collection in Cameroon. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.001.
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Many African countries have made significant progress in digitalising tax administration. Recent research has shown promising evidence around the impact of digital solutions, such as electronic filing, on tax compliance and revenue generation. Very little, however, is known about how digitalisation could strengthen local tax administration, and how subnational government levels could benefit from broader national digitalisation reforms. The case of Cameroon illustrates how local tax administrations can struggle to benefit from technology. The digital tax policy (DTP) was adopted in Cameroon in 2014 and went fully into effect in 2016. The reform introduced an online declaration and payment system, accessible through the web portal of the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT), the national tax administration. The reform also heavily focussed on pre-filling tax returns. With the information it has on taxpayers’ business activities, income and assets, the tax administration automatically issues a pre-filled tax return form. In turn, taxpayers, accessing the pre-filled form online, only have to confirm the information on it if they find it is accurate. If not, they have to amend the form online. Further, the web portal permits taxpayers to make their payments digitally, through a bank or electronically. Summary of African Tax Administration Paper 33.
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Tinta, Jasmine, Mouhamed Zerbo, Fabrizio Santoro, Awa Diouf, and Kèrabouro Pale. Electronic Services and Tax Compliance: Evidence from Medium and Small Businesses in Burkina Faso. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.100.
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Electronic tax services represent a promising opportunity to strengthen business tax compliance in developing countries, particularly in Africa, where the level of business informality remains high. These services offer more inclusive, secure, and rapid access to tax processes to enable businesses to meet their tax obligations more efficiently. The use of electronic platforms also helps businesses to maintain more accurate financial records, which improves the quality of tax returns and enhances the perception of the effectiveness of controls by tax authorities. In addition, these technologies increase the transparency and predictability of the tax system by providing reliable and easily accessible data for tax calculations. They also enable governments to encourage the formalisation of informal businesses by introducing tax incentives or reducing certain taxes on digital transactions. This approach, increasingly adopted by African governments, aims to modernise tax systems while addressing the challenges of mobilising domestic resources and integrating informal businesses into the formal economy. In Burkina Faso, the government took a decisive step in April 2018 by launching eSINTAX, a digital platform dedicated to the declaration and payment of taxes. This initiative is part of a broader drive towards tax modernisation, aimed at improving compliance, reducing tax evasion, and bringing more businesses into the formal tax framework. Summary of ICTD Working Paper 209.
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Megersa, Kelbesa, Fabrizio Santoro, Adrienne Lees, et al. Technology and Tax: Adoption and Impacts of E-services in Rwanda. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.029.
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Many low-income countries are increasingly digitising their tax services, which can bring a range of benefits, from reducing compliance costs and improving record-keeping, to limiting opportunities for corruption and increasing fairness in the tax system. However, the success of these benefits depends on adequate levels of awareness and adoption of e-services among taxpayers; where these levels are suboptimal, tax e-services may produce only partial benefits. This paper examines the extent of awareness and uptake of tax e-services in Rwanda from a pre-pandemic situation up to two years into the COVID-19 crisis. The country has increasingly digitalised its tax administration, even more so during the pandemic. Electronic filing and payment of taxes have been mandatory since 2015, and two different e-services are available: E-tax, a free web-based platform designed to be used on computers and smartphones, and M-declaration, a feature phone-based application which enables mobile money payments and a simpler process for filing a return. This allows us to run a comparative analysis of the two solutions. We apply a mixed methods approach, using a nationally representative panel survey of 2,000 corporate (CIT) and personal (PIT) income taxpayers, with baseline information collected pre-COVID-19 and four follow-up rounds carried out after the pandemic hit, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 24 e-services users. Summary of Working Paper 153.
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Cruces, Guillermo. Conditional Cash Transfers, Debit Cards and Financial Inclusion: Experimental Evidence from Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005079.
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Cash transfer and other social protection programs in developing countries have often been accompanied by measures to foster financial inclusion, such as the adoption and use of bank accounts and electronic means of payments. Argentina's social benefits are paid in bank accounts and accessed through debit cards. With the simultaneous objective of fostering formality among beneficiaries and stores, the use of debit cards for purchases has been incentivized by means of additional subsidies. We studied the low take-up of these extra benefits by means of a field experiment involving 400,000 beneficiaries of Argentinas largest conditional cash-transfer program (with 2.2 million beneficiaries who are the parents of four million children, 40% of the countrys 0-17-year olds). By using their debit card to spend the allowance, rather than withdrawing cash from ATMs, they can receive a rebate of 15% of their expenditures. However, they systematically fail to claim this benefit: only about 25% of beneficiaries receive this transfer. Our experiment provided information about the effectiveness of an information campaign conducted via text messages or through on-screen messages at ATM machines. The campaign increased purchases with debit cards and subsequent rebates significantly but not substantially in the short run. However, beneficiaries who increased their use of debit cards do not exhibit a higher probability of having access to credit through the financial system, nor higher levels of formal employment. The results indicate that cultural factors (a preference for cash), administrative hassle and citizen security issues are relevant issues that limit the potential of financial inclusion through increased use of digital means of payment.
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Navarro, Adoracion. The Evolution of Reforms and the State of Competition in Public Procurement in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.48.
Full textAbstract:
In the literature on Philippine public procurement, knowledge gaps exist in terms of coverage of the period of reform implementation and the scope of reform application. This study helps close these gaps by analyzing Philippine public procurement history up to the years of application of the 2016 implementing rules and regulations of the General Procurement Act and using data for the usual three procurement categories: civil works, consulting services, and goods procurement. It also suggests a logit model of procurement specifically for the Philippines, given the available data in the Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System (PhilGEPS). The study finds that persistent issues include delays in procurement, non-conformance with procedures, poor bid design and evaluation, weak capacity to implement procurement procedures, and corruption. It also describes new challenges, such as the use of digital payments and the promotion of innovations. Running the logit model using PhilGEPS data, the study finds a general tendency toward weaker competition despite the 2016 reforms. The study then offers recommendations to improve the PhilGEPS, minimize corruption, improve procurement capacity, and address emerging challenges. It also recommends future areas of research, namely, procurement policies outside the GPRA, bid rigging, red flags of corruption, and procurement of scientific, scholarly, or artistic work.