Relevant bibliographies by topics / System of grades

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'System of grades'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "System of grades"

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JANG, JU WON, ARIUN ISHDORJ, DAVID P. ANDERSON, TSENGEG PUREVJAV, and GARLAND DAHLKE. "EXPLORING THE EXISTENCE OF GRADER BIAS IN BEEF GRADING." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 49, no. 3 (2017): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2017.9.

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AbstractThe U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) beef grading system plays an important role in marketing and promoting beef. USDA graders inspect beef carcasses and determine a quality grade within a few seconds. Although the graders are well trained, the nature of this grading process may lead to grading errors. Significant differences in the USDA graders’ “called” and “camera-graded” quality grades were observed, as well as variations in quality grades across seasons and years. Under grid pricing, producers gained financially from grades called by USDA graders rather than grades measured b
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Shenoy, Riddhi, Gail D. E. Maconachie, Swati Parida, et al. "Foveal Hypoplasia Grading with Optical Coherence Tomography: Agreement and Challenges Across Experience Levels." Diagnostics 15, no. 6 (2025): 763. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060763.

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Background/Objectives: The diagnosis and prognosis of arrested foveal development or foveal hypoplasia (FH) can be made using the Leicester grading system for FH and optical coherence tomography (OCT). In clinical practice, ophthalmologists and ophthalmic health professionals with varying experience consult patients with FH; however, to date, the FH grading system has only been validated amongst experts. We compare the inter-grader and intra-grade agreement of healthcare professionals against expert consensus across all grades of FH. Methods: Handheld and table-mounted OCT images (n = 341) wer
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Arshad, Hussain, and Yan Jun Qiu. "Evaluation of Local Asphalt Binders under Superpave Specification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1509.

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Premature rutting due to high temperatures and heavy loads has been a major distress on flexible pavements in Pakistan. One of the main causes of this early rutting is the available asphalt binders, which are still graded by using penetration grading system. The penetration grading system is based on empirical tests and does not link with performance. To improve the quality of the flexible pavement and to avoid the premature rutting the performance based testings were conducting in laboratory. This study evaluated performance graded (PG) binders for use in pavement construction in the country.
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Kim, Hwiyoung, Jiyun Choi, Chul-Young Jang, Jin Woo Lee, Sungjun Kim, and Seung Hwan Han. "Automatic Grading of Ankle Osteoarthritis Based on Takakura Staging System: A Deep Learning- Based Approach." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (2019): 2473011419S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00246.

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Category: Ankle, Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: The Takakura staging system has been used for the stratification in ankle osteoarthritis(OA). Patient’s OA stage is determined by visual examination on the status of talar and distal tibia in anteroposterior ankle radiograph. Clinical decisions about whether to treat conservatively or to treat with operation such as supra-malleolar osteotomy or arthroplasty may depend on this grading system. However, this is not completely reproducible between examiners and it makes a debating situation about different treatment method to a same ankle radi
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Daga, Ojasvi. "Machine Learning Based Essay Grading System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 5465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36180.

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Machine Learning and automation has progressed immensely over the years and has tend to make human lives simpler with reducing human effort and time on tasks by enabling a machine to perform them. One such task is to grade essays. Essay writing is an integral part for anyone willing to learn a language or skill or to simply exhibit one’s thoughts and ideas on a topic. This leads us to the reason why essay grading is important. When a work is scored against some parameters, a scope of improvement is possible. Hence, when essays are graded and feedbacks are provided, it guides the writer to anal
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Helal, Ahmed, Rania Agamy, Aymen A. I. Gad Allah, Essam M. Al-Betar, Sabry F. Mahouda, and Ibrahim I. Abdel-Mageed. "Effect of a Subjective Grading System and Blending with Polyester on Selected Wool and Yarn Characteristics of Subtropical Egyptian Barki Sheep." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, no. 5(137) (2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2897.

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Seven-hundred kilograms of subtropical Barki wool was collected to study the effect of a subjective grading system and blending with polyester on selected wool and yarn characteristics. Wool was graded subjectively into coarse, fine and raw; then each grade was blended with 0%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% of polyester. Staple and yarn strengths were higher in both coarse and fine grades compared with raw wool. Staple elongation of the fine grade reached 3 times that of coarse grade and twice as much as raw grade. Also, in the 100% wool blend, yarn elongation of the fine grade was twice as much as bo
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Lim, Way Soong, Desmond Ji Kang Lai, Sin Ting Lim, and Boon Chin Yeo. "Vision-based Egg Grading System using Support Vector Machine." Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024) 6, no. 1 (2024): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/ijoras.2024.6.1.3.

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Being known as a nutrient-dense food, eggs are high in demand in the marketplace and high-quality eggs are much sought-after. Hence, egg grading is in place to sort eggs into different grades. Experienced graders are required for their knowledge to classify egg grades and as humans are involved, errors when performing manual grading are unavoidable. This study aims to develop a vision-based egg classification system that requires minimal human intervention. The proposed system houses a camera to acquire real-time images of the eggs and these images are served as the input to the algorithm. Bas
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Rozaq Rais, Nendy Akbar. "ITB AAS Indonesia Informatics Study Program Value Information System." International Journal of Computer and Information System (IJCIS) 4, no. 4 (2023): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/ijcis.v4i4.145.

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The Grade Management Information System (SIPAN) is a web-based grade information system in the ITB AAS Indonesia informatics study program which is used to support the activities of lecturers in conveying the grades of the courses taught, administrative officers in terms of grade recapitulation, student grade information which is private, and supports activities of the study program coordinator in monitoring the development of academic activities in terms of grades. The aim and objective of developing SIPAN is to assist higher education institutions in managing student grades. With web-based s
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Al-Aynati, Maamoun, Vicky Chen, Samih Salama, Hafez Shuhaibar, Darin Treleaven, and Lydia Vincic. "Interobserver and Intraobserver Variability Using the Fuhrman Grading System for Renal Cell Carcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 5 (2003): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-0593-iaivut.

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Abstract Context.—Histologic grading of renal cell carcinoma has been shown to be second to staging in prognostic significance. A 4-tier grading scheme proposed by Fuhrman et al and based on nuclear features is the system used most frequently in North America. There are, however, very few studies in the literature assessing the interobserver variability for this system, and to our knowledge, none addressing intraobserver variability. Objective.—To assess the interobserver and intraobserver agreement among 4 pathologists using the Fuhrman nuclear grading scheme for renal cell carcinoma. Design.
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Han, Eun-Jeong, Seonhwa Lee, and Rahil Hwang. "Comparison of Utilized Resource Volumes by Grade of Seniors in Long-Term Care Facilities." Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing 24, no. 1 (2022): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17079/jkgn.2022.24.1.96.

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Purpose: This study aimed to identify the time of care services provided by nurses, nursing assistants, care workers, physical therapists, and social workers during a 24-hour-period and the volume of resource utilization for residents in long-term care (LTC) facilities.Methods: We measured the providers' service time supplied to 3,295 residents in 32 LTC facilities. The utilization of resources each service facility provided was analyzed considering the services’ difficulty levels and providers’ wages.Results: The higher the long-term care grade, the longer the provider's service time and the
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "System of grades"

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Rosa, Ricardo da. "Grades computacionais baseadas em modelos economicos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275832.

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Orientador: Maria Beatriz Felgar de Toledo<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_Ricardoda_M.pdf: 1883897 bytes, checksum: 06a13cb1deacddc65e4123779e1ac975 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Computação em grade e um paradigma que permite o compartilhamento de recursos heterogêneos, geograficamente distribuídos e sob administrações independentes. Esse compartilhamento deve ser realizado para otimizar a utilização de recursos e atender os requisitos de q
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Simanikas, William C. "The Marine Corps promotion system: an assessment of factors affecting promotion to the field grades." George Washington University, 2013.

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Musser, Dale Roy. "A multimedia database management system for use by educators and students in grades K through 12 /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148777680132026.

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Buckeridge, Fernanda Cazelli. "Por entre as grades: um estudo sobre o cotidiano de uma prisão feminina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-20072011-104248/.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivos traçar um panorama do cotidiano vivido dentro de uma penitenciária feminina do estado de São Paulo e mostrar um olhar interior sobre a condição da mulher encarcerada. O trabalho baseou-se na experiência vivida pela pesquisadora enquanto exercia a função de psicóloga junto a uma organização não governamental que realizava oficinas temáticas dentro de penitenciárias femininas paulistas. Procurou-se na perspectiva da psicologia social, delinear questionamentos e compartilhar reflexões produzidas na vivência com as presas, assim como realizar tentativas de ela
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Webb, Sarah-Ann Katherine. "Effects of Video Modeling with System of Least Prompt to Teach Telling Time." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edsrc_etds/28.

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The purpose of this study was to teach telling time to the hour, half-hour, quarter to the hour, and to 5 min to students with austim spectrum disorder (ASD) or other developmental disabilities using video modeling (VM). Two research questions were asked: 1. Is there a functional relation between VM and increases in level and trend for telling time to the hour, half-hour, quarter hour, or 5 min for students with ASD and/or other developmental disabilities? 2. Will the use of the VM help students reach criterion on the task analytic steps for the process of telling time? A multiple probe (days)
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Gabriel, Paulo Henrique Ribeiro. "Uma abordagem orientada a sistemas para otimização de escalonamento de processos em grades computacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-03072013-095702/.

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Um dos maiores desafios envolvidos no projeto de grades computacionais é o escalonamento de processos, o qual consiste no mapeamento de processos sobre os computadores disponíveis, a fim de reduzir o tempo de execução de aplicações ou maximizar a utilização de recursos. A literatura na área de Sistemas Distribuídos trata, geralmente, esses dois objetivos separadamente, dando origem às abordagens de escalonamento orientado a aplicações e orientado a recursos, respectivamente. Mais recentemente, uma nova abordagem, denominada escalonamento orientado a sistemas, tem recebido destaque, buscando ot
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Stanley, Ashley Marie. "Accelerated Mathematics and High-Ability Students Math Achievement in Grades Three and Four." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1327.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the use of a computer-managed integrated learning system entitled Accelerated Math (AM) as a supplement to traditional mathematics instruction on achievement as measured by TerraNova achievement tests of third and fourth grade high-ability students. Gender, socioeconomic status, and grade level were also considered. The population consisted of 624 students who were third and fourth grade high-ability students during the 2009-2010 school year. Data were gathered that covered a 1-year period for high-ability third and fourth grade
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Greene, Gary L. "An Analysis of the Comparison between Classroom Grades Earned with a Standards-Based Grading System and Grade-Level Assessment Scores as Measured by the Missouri Assessment Program." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3737088.

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<p> This study was designed to examine the ability of traditional and standards-based grading practices to predict student performance on the Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) Grade-Level Assessments at the middle school level. This study also explored the perceptions Missouri middle school teachers and administrators had concerning the use of standards-based grading and identified obstacles educators faced during and after its implementation. The research was conducted in phases to observe two sets of data. Phase One involved the collection and analysis of quantitative data from two schools i
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Júnior, Lourenço Alves Pereira. "Planejamento de experimentos com várias replicações em paralelo em grades computacionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-18082010-112815/.

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Este trabalho de mestrado apresenta um estudo de Grades Computacionais e Simulações Distribuídas sobre a técnica MRIP. A partir deste estudo foi possível propor e implementar o protótipo de uma ferramenta para Gerenciamento de Experimento em Ambiente de Grade, denominada Grid Experiments Manager - GEM, organizada de forma modular podendo ser usada como um programa ou integrada com outro software, podendo ser expansível para vários middlewares de Grades Computacionais. Com a implementação também foi possível avaliar o desempenho de simulações sequenciais com aquelas executadas em cluster e em u
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Veith, Alexandre da Silva. "BSPONP2P: modelo para exploração da computação colaborativa em aplicações BSP para ambientes grades P2P." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3576.

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Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-19T19:12:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BSPonP2P.pdf: 2195234 bytes, checksum: 340cdfee0a4f8e27bd919cc3d5513c45 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T19:12:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BSPonP2P.pdf: 2195234 bytes, checksum: 340cdfee0a4f8e27bd919cc3d5513c45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29<br>Nenhuma<br>Tecnologias constantemente estão avançando nas áreas de sistemas distribuídos e computação paralela. Isso acontece porque a compra de equipamentos eletrônicos esta acessível, por isso empresas, cada vez mais, estão ap
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Books on the topic "System of grades"

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Sprigle-Adair, Joan G. Our solar system, grades 4-6. Good Apple, 1997.

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Stille, Darlene R. The nervous system. Children's Press, 1997.

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Kerrod, Robin. The solar system. Lerner Publications Co., 2000.

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Kerrod, Robin. The solar system. Marshall Cavendish, 1994.

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Inc, XAMonline, ed. Elementary-middle grades: Teacher certification exam. XAMonline, 2008.

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Leedy, Loreen. Postcards from Pluto: A tour of the solar system. Holiday House, 1993.

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Leedy, Loreen. Postcards from Pluto: A tour of the solar system. Holiday House, 1993.

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Pearce, Q. L. Our solar system and beyond. Tom Doherty Associates, 1988.

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1949-, Fisher Bruce, and Munoz Kathy D. 1951-, eds. Health-related fitness for grades 5 and 6. Human Kinetics, 1997.

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Ormsby, Michael. Preparing students for CLAS, California Learning Assessment System: Reading and writing, elementary grades. Catalysts for Learning, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "System of grades"

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Hughes, Jack, and Dominic Orchard. "Program Synthesis from Graded Types." In Programming Languages and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57262-3_4.

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AbstractGraded type systems are a class of type system for fine-grained quantitative reasoning about data-flow in programs. Through the use of resource annotations (or grades), a programmer can express various program properties at the type level, reducing the number of typeable programs. These additional constraints on types lend themselves naturally to type-directed program synthesis, where this information can be exploited to constrain the search space of programs. We present a synthesis algorithm for a graded type system, where grades form an arbitrary pre-ordered semiring. Harnessing this
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Dacey, Linda, Karen Gartland, and Jayne Bamford Lynch. "The Number System." In Well Played, Grades 6-8. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032683027-3.

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Schroth, Stephen T., and Janese Daniels. "System Thinking." In Growing Up GREEN Grades K-2. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003235392-5.

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McIntosh, Jason S. "A Solar System Sign-Off." In Astronaut Academy Grades 2-3. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003233145-31.

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Gomendio, Montse. "Spain: The Response of the Education System to the COVID-19 Pandemic: How LNOB (Leaving No-One Behind) Got Lost in Translation." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69284-0_12.

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AbstractHistorically the evidence from international surveys shows that Spanish students have levels of performance below the OECD average, particularly in maths, which have followed a flat line for over a decade (from 2000 onwards) showing a complete lack of progress until some improvements took place around 2015. When compared to other countries, Spain has very few excellent students. This flatness has been wrongly interpreted as a signal that the Spanish education system has sacrificed quality for the sake of equity. Nothing could be further from the truth. The most distinctive feature is t
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Li, Junman, Yaan Hu, Xin Wang, Mingjun Diao, and Mingjun Diao. "Study on the Operation Safety Evaluation System of Ship Lock Combined with Variation Coefficient Method and Matter-Element Extension Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_57.

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AbstractShip lock is the most widely used, the most promising and the most important type of navigation structure in the world at present. It is extremely necessary to evaluate the operation safety of ship lock in service, which has great social and economic benefits. The construction of safety evaluation system is the key step of safety evaluation of ship lock operation. Based on this, this paper systematically studies the evaluation system of ship lock operation safety, including indicator system, weighting method and evaluation model. The main work and conclusions are as follows: Firstly, a
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Pedrycz, Witold. "Towards Designing Human Centric Systems: A New View at System Modeling with Granular Membership Grades." In Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24425-4_3.

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Fleßa, Steffen. "Social Long-Term Care Insurance in Germany." In Sustainable Aging. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69139-7_4.

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AbstractIn 1995, Germany launched a compulsory long-term care insurance to pool the growing financial risk of long-term care of the ageing population. Most of the population is covered by the social long-term care insurance following the same principles as the social health insurances stemming from the Bismarck model of 1883. Both employers and employees contribute to the fund. Potential beneficiaries are grouped into care grades and receive a wide portfolio of financial compensations for their care expenditure. The amount depends on the care grade. The German social long-term care insurance s
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Moustafa, Nariman, Ebtehal Elghamrawy, Katherine King, and Yu Hao. "Education 2.0: A Vision for Educational Transformation in Egypt." In Education to Build Back Better. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93951-9_3.

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AbstractThis chapter presents a comprehensive description and analysis of Egypt’s Education 2.0 (EDU. 2.0) reform plan for grades K-2. The reform’s five key components are described including the new multidisciplinary curriculum, technology integration, school management Continuous Professional Development (CPD), access and infrastructure, and reformed assessment. We analyze this reform from five perspectives and conclude that a cultural shift, high-quality CPD, and a robust accountability system are imperative to sustainable educational reform in Egypt. This cannot be achieved without a share
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Bungaro, Luca, Marta Desimoni, Mariagiulia Matteucci, and Stefania Mignani. "The joint estimation of accuracy and speed: An application to the INVALSI data." In Proceedings e report. Firenze University Press and Genova University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0106-3.39.

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In Italy, the National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education and Training System (INVALSI) every year administers standardized tests via computer-based testing (CBT) to students attending grades 8, 10, and 13. The CBT mode allows to collect data not only on the students’ response accuracy (RA) based on item responses, but also on their response times (RT). By using these data, it is now possible to estimate the speed ability of examinees, besides the usual ability (e.g. Italian language, mathematics or English ability). In this study, we use the 2018 mathematics data for grade 10 to es
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Conference papers on the topic "System of grades"

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Amir, Sana, Ahmad Ziyad Dawaymeh, and Hazem Gouda. "Developing a Sustainability Rating System for Bridges in the United Arab Emirates." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.1270.

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&lt;p&gt;Bridges play a pivotal role in fostering economic growth and connectivity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A thorough review of existing global sustainability evaluation systems, identifies the need to develop a robust sustainability grading system. The objective is achieved by an extensive literature review, stakeholder surveys, and a mixed-methods approach that integrated qualitative and quantitative data. The developed grading system evaluates bridge projects by scoring them based on their performance in the identified indicators, resulting in a final score that categorizes bridg
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Shoemaker, Lewis, Jim Crum, Debajyoti Maitra, Ruben Muro, and Marlena Neighbor. "Recent Experience with Stainless Steels in FGD Air Pollution Control Service." In CORROSION 2011. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11167.

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Abstract Over the years, many materials have been used in the construction of components of wet limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) air pollution control systems ranging from duplex and austenitic stainless steels to highly alloyed grades of nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloys. Some recently constructed systems have experienced severe corrosion problems after short term operation, in some cases in less than one year. To better understand the corrosive attack and the conditions under which various materials may be used, operating systems were examined and both laboratory and field tests
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Maitra, Debajyoti, Jim Crum, and Lewis Shoemaker. "An Explanation of Accelerated Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Steels in Wet Limestone FGD Environments." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01557.

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Abstract Many steels and alloys have been used in the construction of wet limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD) air pollution control systems ranging from duplex and austenitic stainless steels to highly alloyed grades of nickel-base corrosion-resistant alloys. The quest for cost control in power production has driven designers to the lower end of this range of materials. Some FGD absorber vessels recently constructed of duplex stainless steel have experienced severe corrosion after less than one year of operation. This attack was explored and both laboratory and field tests were conducted.
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Cravero, Sebastian, Richard Bravo, and Hugo Ernst. "A Simplified Transient Approach for Modeling Crack Growth in DCB Specimen Testing." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10321.

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Abstract The presence of hydrogen sulfide in oil and gas production is continuously increasing and the dangerous consequences for materials through hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms are of special concern to oil companies and pipe manufacturers. Furthermore, more severe working conditions in terms of mechanical loads in H2S reservoirs require high grade steels. The high grade of these steels make difficult to attain sulfide stress cracking resistance (KISSC) values as high as conventional low steels grades. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to evaluate the methods used to determine th
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Song, Shuangqi, and Andre C. Nogueira. "Materials Selection and Corrosion Mitigation for Offshore Production System." In CORROSION 2016. NACE International, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2016-07803.

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Abstract One of the most important steps to ensure the integrity of offshore pipelines and subsea systems is a sound materials selection process with a properly designed corrosion mitigation strategy. This paper presents a systematic method of corrosion prediction, materials selection, and corrosion management for offshore pipeline system design, which includes production flowline, water injection line, gas lift line, MEG injection line, jumper, and subsea equipment piping. Carbon steel, which is widely used in oil and gas industry, is typically the first option considered for these structures
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Kearns, J. R., L. R. Barkowski, M. J. Johnson, and P. J. Pavlik. "The Corrosion and Appearance of Stainless Steels in the Atmosphere." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87418.

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Abstract The resistance of 38 types of stainless steel to degradation in the atmosphere was directly related to alloy chromium and molybdenum contents by spectrocol-ormetric measurements and a visual rating system. Only AISI Type 410 showed any signs of corrosion in a semirural environment. Significant corrosion product staining occurred on all non-molybdenum-bearing stainless grades that had been exposed for 2 to 15 years at the 250-m lot on Kure Beach, N.C. Stainless grades that had been sensitized by an autogenous welding operation were susceptible to preferential corrosion at weld and heat
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Wallén, Bengt, and Sture Henriksen. "Effect of Chlorination on Stainless Steels in Seawater." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88403.

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Abstract The effect of chlorination on the corrosion resistance of different stainless steels in North Sea water has been studied, the seawater exposures being performed at two Norwegian seawater laboratories. In one laboratory test specimens, simulating various components used in a seawater cooling system, were immersed in the water. In the other laboratory a pipe system containing real components was studied. Seawater temperature, chlorine concentration and chlorination procedure have been varied at both laboratories. The steels investigated include highly alloyed grades like UNS S31254 (AVE
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Silva, L. M., J. Hernandez, J. Genesca, R. Duran, and J. Mendoza. "Effect of Flow on the Corrosion Mechanism of Different API Pipeline Steels Grades in NaCl Solutions Containing CO2." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04651.

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Abstract This work presents the electrochemical results obtained during the study of the corrosion of X52, X60, X65 and X70 pipeline steel samples, immersed in a 3%wt NaCl solution saturated with CO2 at 20°C under static and controlled turbulent flow conditions. In order to control the hydrodynamic conditions of the system, a rotating cylinder electrode, RCE, was used during the experimentation. Electrochemical techniques, such as: Linear Polarization Resistance, LPR, and polarization curves were used to determine the effect of turbulent flow upon the corrosion kinetics of the different steels
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Blankenship, Kristen. "FEVE Fluoropolymer Coatings for High Performance Waterbased Applications." In SSPC 2017 Greencoat. SSPC, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2017-00007.

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Abstract Performance, cost, and safety drive the coatings industry. Safer and environmentally friendly coatings continue to be a hot topic of discussion globally; however, the adoption of greener coating technologies is slow, especially in the US. This could be attributed to many factors, but from the formulator's perspective, performance is key. Waterborne coatings have been used in architectural applications for decades, but typically these coatings are valued mostly for aesthetics, ease of use, and low cost. The use of waterborne coatings in industrial applications, where higher performance
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McMaster, James A. "First Commercial Application of Grade 26 Titanium 0.10 Ruthenium Alloy." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02127.

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Abstract A Lake Charles, Louisiana chlorine production facility selected Titanium-0.1 Ruthenium (ASTM Grade 26) to combat crevice corrosion in the acidic chloride environment in components of a chlorine gas separation box used in one of is electrolyzer systems. Grade 26 was used selectively for low-pressure flanges, which were fabricated from about 50,000 pounds of Grade 26 plate, produced to the requirements of the project. This resulted in a significant cost saving over Ti-0.15 Pd (Grade 7) originally considered for the application. This was the first large scale application of the alloy, wh
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Reports on the topic "System of grades"

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Fisbhen, Marco, Victor Sahate, and Augusto Duarte. How Disruptive Innovators Prepare Today's Students to Be Tomorrow's Workforce?: Descomplica and Effective Remote Learning. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002962.

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In Brazil, income and race impact on standardized test grades. Standardized test grades are the sole criterion for access to most public universities, or the top higher education institutions. In response, the whole university preparation industry has emerged to cater to students from high-income families, rigging the selection process and perpetuating inequality. This paper aims to describe typical university admissions systems in Brazil to demonstrate how Descomplica is changing the odds of thousands of underprivileged students. With a clear picture of how this system caters to the more priv
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Adeniran, Adedeji, Sixtus C. Onyekwere, Anthony Okon, Julius Atuhurra, Rastee Chaudhry, and Michelle Kaffenberger. Instructional Alignment in Nigeria using the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/143.

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Systematic, quantitative evidence on education system coherence is limited. Prior research has indicated alignment of instructional components, such as curriculum standards, assessments, and teachers’ instruction, is important for children’s learning. This study uses the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum methodology to investigate alignment of instructional components in Nigeria's primary education system. The study analyzes curriculum standards, national exams, and classroom instructional content for mathematics and English language across all six primary-level grades. We find that key foundation
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Hao, Hongjuan, Xiao Chen, Zhaohua Wang, Li Feng, and Xiaoli Zhao. Which patients with hydrosalpinges will benefit more from reproductive surgery to improve natural pregnancy outcomes?-System evaluation and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0105.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate natural pregnancy outcomes of hydrosalpinx and different grades of hydrosalpinx,which perform reproductive surgery. Information sources: Electronic searches of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of science, and Clinical Trails. All literature on hydrosalpinx and reproductive surgery were retrieved. The Mesh subject words and free words are: “Salpingitis, Salpingitides, hydrosalpin*, distal tubal occlusion, pelvic inflammatory disease, Reproductive surgical procedure, tubal surgery, microsurg *, laparoscopic surgery ,salpingostomy , salpingectomy”. Re
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Robledo, Ana, and Amber Gove. What Works in Early Reading Materials. RTI Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0058.1902.

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Access to books is key to learning to read and sustaining a love of reading. Yet many low- and middle-income countries struggle to provide their students with reading materials of sufficient quality and quantity. Since 2008, RTI International has provided technical assistance in early reading assessment and instruction to ministries of education in dozens of low- and middle-income countries. The central objective of many of these programs has been to improve learning outcomes—in particular, reading—for students in the early grades of primary school. Under these programs, RTI has partnered with
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Bastos, Fabiano, Rogério Boueri, Maria Cristina Mac Dowell, and Emilio Pineda. Analysis of Public Spending: An Evaluation Methodology for Measuring the Efficiency of Brazilian State Spending on Education. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007981.

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This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency of state public education systems in Brazil. State government spending on education and state gross domestic product are interpreted as input variables, with the latter being non-discretionary. Output variables are based on the number of state public school students taking the ENEM (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, a national exam taken at the end of high school studies) and the Prova Brasil (a national exam taken at the end of the 5th and 9th grades) and their scores on these exams. Variables were not scaled per capita
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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student compo
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Berkhout, Emilie, Goldy Dharmawan, Amanda Beatty, Daniel Suryadarma, and Menno Pradhan. Who Benefits and Loses from Large Changes to Student Composition? Assessing Impacts of Lowering School Admissions Standards in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/094.

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We study the effects of an admission policy change that caused a massive shift in student composition in public and private junior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. In 2018, the primary criterion for admission into Yogyakarta’s 16 preferred, free public schools (grades 7-9) changed from a grade 6 exam score ranking to a neighborhood-to-school distance ranking. This policy change resulted in a decline in average grade 6 scores in public schools by 0.4 standard deviations (s.d.) and a 0.4 s.d. increase in private schools. We assessed learning impacts caused by the changed student compo
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Lippert, David, Marshall Thompson, and Charles Wienrank. Performance of Interstate Rubblization in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-005.

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In Illinois, hot-mix asphalt overlaid concrete pavements typically exhibit reflective cracking of joints and cracks from the pavement below, resulting in shortened life and maintenance issues. Over the years, various patching, fabric, and crack and seat techniques were attempted with few positive results. This led to more aggressive techniques to eliminate the slab action of the concrete pavement where the pavement would be broken or rubblized into pieces typically less than 12 inches. Since the first rubblizing project in 1990, policy, procedures, and specifications have evolved to the point
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Berlin, Noémie, Jan Dul, Marco Gazel, Louis Lévy-Garboua, and Todd Lubart. Creative Cognition as a Bandit Problem. CIRANO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/anre7929.

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This paper characterizes creative cognition as a multi-armed bandit problem involving a trade-off between exploration and exploitation in sequential decisions from experience taking place in novel uncertain environments. Creative cognition implements an efficient learning process in this kind of dynamic decision. Special emphasis is put on the optimal sequencing of divergent and convergent behavior by showing that divergence must be inhibited at one point to converge toward creative behavior so that excessive divergence is counterproductive. We test this hypothesis in two behavioral experiment
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Habib, Ayman, Darcy M. Bullock, Yi-Chun Lin, and Raja Manish. Road Ditch Line Mapping with Mobile LiDAR. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317354.

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Maintenance of roadside ditches is important to avoid localized flooding and premature failure of pavements. Scheduling effective preventative maintenance requires mapping of the ditch profile to identify areas requiring excavation of long-term sediment accumulation. High-resolution, high-quality point clouds collected by mobile LiDAR mapping systems (MLMS) provide an opportunity for effective monitoring of roadside ditches and performing hydrological analyses. This study evaluated the applicability of mobile LiDAR for mapping roadside ditches for slope and drainage analyses. The performance o
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