Academic literature on the topic 'System of stimulation'

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Journal articles on the topic "System of stimulation"

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Lou, X. X., M. Chen, J. Jia, T. Zhao, X. X. Zheng, and J. Wang. "A System for Preventing and Recovering Bone Loss in Manned Spaceflight." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.504.

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Bone loss is a well-known consequence of skeletal unloading in long-duration spaceflight. Its prevention and recovery do not have a perfect solution and often require physical therapy. In this paper, we developed a system to prevent and recover bone loss with the combination of electrical stimulation (ES) and mechanical stimulation (MS). The system provides four-channel electrical stimulation and two mechanical stimulations. Various parameters of the stimulations can be tuned to achieve the best therapeutic effect.
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Wang, Hao, Tianzhun Wu, Qi Zeng, and Chengkuo Lee. "A Review and Perspective for the Development of Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG)-Based Self-Powered Neuroprosthetics." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (2020): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090865.

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Neuroprosthetics have become a powerful toolkit for clinical interventions of various diseases that affect the central nervous or peripheral nervous systems, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), functional electrical stimulation (FES), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), by electrically stimulating different neuronal structures. To prolong the lifetime of implanted devices, researchers have developed power sources with different approaches. Among them, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is the only one to achieve direct nerve stimulations, showing great potential in the realization of a self-powered neuroprosthetic system in the future. In this review, the current development and progress of the TENG-based stimulation of various kinds of nervous systems are systematically summarized. Then, based on the requirements of the neuroprosthetic system in a real application and the development of current techniques, a perspective of a more sophisticated neuroprosthetic system is proposed, which includes components of a thin-film TENG device with a biocompatible package, an amplification circuit to enhance the output, and a self-powered high-frequency switch to generate high-frequency current pulses for nerve stimulations. Then, we review and evaluate the recent development and progress of each part.
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Frahm, Ken Steffen, Carsten Dahl Mørch, and Ole Kæseler Andersen. "Tempo-spatial discrimination to non-noxious stimuli is better than for noxious stimuli." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 16, no. 1 (2017): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.04.021.

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Abstract Aims The exteroceptive sensory system is responsible for sensing external stimuli in relation to time and space. The aim of the study was to investigate the tempo-spatial properties of the exteroceptive system using laser heat and mechanical touch stimulation. Methods 13 healthy subjects were stimulated in the volar forearm. Each subject was stimulated using two paradigms, a continuous stimulation along a continuous line on the skin, and a simultaneous 2-point stimulation. The line stimulations were delivered in both a distal and proximal direction with lengths of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm. The 2-point stimulations were delivered with a point-to-point distance ranging from 10 to 100 mm, in steps of 10 mm. Both paradigms were delivered using painful heat (laser) stimulation and mechanical (touch) stimulation. Following each stimulation, subjects had to report the intensity (0–10 NRS, 3 being pain threshold) and either direction (line stimuli) or number of perceived points (2-point stimuli). Results All four line lengths and both directions were reported correctly for all mechanical line stimulation (an accuracy of 100%). For laser line stimulation the directional discrimination threshold was 68.5 mm and 70.2 mm for distal and proximal directed stimuli, respectively. The 2-point discrimination threshold for heat stimulation (67.9 mm) was higher than for the mechanical stimulation (34.5 mm). NRS was significant higher for laser stimulations than for the mechanical stimulation for both line and 2-point stimulations. NRS increased both with line length and distance between the two points (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The average NRS was 3.15 and 0.91 for laser line and mechanical line stimulations, respectively. For 2-point stimulation the average NRS was 3.72 and 1.06 for laser and mechanical stimulations, respectively. Conclusions The findings indicate that the tempo-spatial acuity of the exteroceptive system is lower for noxious stimuli than for innoxious stimuli. This is possible due to the larger receptive fields of nociceptive neurons and/or less lateral inhibition.
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Sakata, Shuji, Fumio Shima, Motohiro Kato, and Masashi Fukui. "Dissociated mesencephalic responses to medial and ventral thalamic nuclei stimulation in rats." Journal of Neurosurgery 70, no. 3 (1989): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.70.3.0446.

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✓ To investigate the mechanism of analgesia noted with electrical stimulation of the thalamic sensory relay nucleus and medial thalamus, modulations of neuronal activities in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) were studied in response to electrical stimulations of the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) and parafascicular nucleus (Pf) and to peripheral noxious stimulations in rats. Extracellular single-unit activities were recorded from 102 neurons in the PAG and the adjacent area in animals under halothane anesthesia. A large population (83%) of the PAG neurons reacted to Pf stimulations with a predominantly excitatory response, whereas smaller numbers (43%) responded to VPL stimulations. There was a significant correlation between the response characteristics of Pf and noxious stimulations, whereas no correlation was found between VPL and noxious stimulations. The PAG neurons that were verified antidromically to project to the nucleus raphe magnus showed a similar pattern of response. The excitatory response to the Pf stimulation was partially attenuated by systemic administration of naloxone, whereas that to the VPL stimulation was not affected. These results suggest that part of the analgesic mechanism of medial thalamus stimulation involves activation of the descending pain suppression system by exciting the PAG neurons through the opioid system, while the analgesia produced by sensory relay nucleus stimulation does not involve the PAG neurons or the opioid system.
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Robin, S., M. Sawan, M. Abdel-Gawad, T. M. Abdel-Baky, and M. M. Elhilali. "Implantable stimulation system dedicated for neural selective stimulation." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 36, no. 4 (1998): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02523220.

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Lin, Wan-Ying, Yu-Han Chang, Hsin-Yao Wang, et al. "The Study of the Frequency Effect of Dynamic Compressive Loading on Primary Articular Chondrocyte Functions Using a Microcell Culture System." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/762570.

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Compressive stimulation can modulate articular chondrocyte functions. Nevertheless, the relevant studies are not comprehensive. This is primarily due to the lack of cell culture apparatuses capable of conducting the experiments in a high throughput, precise, and cost-effective manner. To address the issue, we demonstrated the use of a perfusion microcell culture system to investigate the stimulating frequency (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz) effect of compressive loading (20% and 40% strain) on the functions of articular chondrocytes. The system mainly integrates the functions of continuous culture medium perfusion and the generation of pneumatically-driven compressive stimulation in a high-throughput micro cell culture system. Results showed that the compressive stimulations explored did not have a significant impact on chondrocyte viability and proliferation. However, the metabolic activity of chondrocytes was significantly affected by the stimulating frequency at the higher compressive strain of 40% (2 Hz, 40% strain). Under the two compressive strains studied, the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) synthesis was upregulated when the stimulating frequency was set at 1 Hz and 2 Hz. However, the stimulating frequencies explored had no influence on the collagen production. The results of this study provide useful fundamental insights that will be helpful for cartilage tissue engineering and cartilage rehabilitation.
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Kolbl, Florian, Yannick Bornat, Jonathan Castelli, et al. "IC-Based Neuro-Stimulation Environment for Arbitrary Waveform Generation." Electronics 10, no. 15 (2021): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151867.

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Electrical stimulation of the nervous system is commonly based on biphasic stimulation waveforms, which limits its relevance for some applications, such as selective stimulation. We propose in this paper a stimulator capable of delivering arbitrary waveforms to electrodes, and suitable for non-conventional stimulation strategies. Such a system enables in vivo stimulation protocols with optimized efficacy or energy efficiency. The designed system comprises a High Voltage CMOS ASIC generating a configurable stimulating current, driven by a digital circuitry implemented on a FPGA. After fabrication, the ASIC and system were characterized and tested; they successfully generated programmable waveforms with a frequential content up to 1.2 MHz and a voltage compliance between [−17.9; +18.3] V. The system is not optimum when compared to single application stimulators, but no embedded stimulator in the literature offers an equivalent bandwidth which allows the wide range of stimulation paradigms, including high-frequency blocking stimulation. We consider that this stimulator will help test unconventional stimulation waveforms and can be used to generate proof-of-concept data before designing implantable and application-dedicated implantable stimulators.
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Dauben, Thomas Josef, Josefin Ziebart, Thomas Bender, Sarah Zaatreh, Bernd Kreikemeyer, and Rainer Bader. "A Novel In Vitro System for Comparative Analyses of Bone Cells and Bacteria under Electrical Stimulation." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5178640.

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Electrical stimulation is a promising approach to enhance bone regeneration while having potential to inhibit bacterial growth. To investigate effects of alternating electric field stimulation on both human osteoblasts and bacteria, a novel in vitro system was designed. Electric field distribution was simulated numerically and proved by experimental validation. Cells were stimulated on Ti6Al4V electrodes and in short distance to electrodes. Bacterial growth was enumerated in supernatant and on the electrode surface and biofilm formation was quantified. Electrical stimulation modulated gene expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers in a voltage-dependent manner, resulting in significantly enhanced osteocalcin mRNA synthesis rate on electrodes after stimulation with 1.4VRMS. While collagen type I synthesis increased when stimulated with 0.2VRMS, it decreased after stimulation with 1.4VRMS. Only slight and infrequent influence on bacterial growth was observed following stimulations with 0.2VRMS and 1.4VRMS after 48 and 72 h, respectively. In summary this novel test system is applicable for extended in vitro studies concerning definition of appropriate stimulation parameters for bone cell growth and differentiation, bacterial growth suppression, and investigation of general effects of electrical stimulation.
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Myoung, Hyoun-Seok, and Kyoung-Joung Lee. "A Unique Electrical Thermal Stimulation System Comparable to Moxibustion of Subcutaneous Tissue." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/518313.

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Moxibustion strengthens immunity and it is an effective treatment modality, but, depending on the material quantity, shape, and composition, the thermal strength and intensity can be difficult to control, which may cause pain or epidermal burns. To overcome these limitations, a heat stimulating system which is able to control the thermal intensity was developed. The temperature distributions on epidermis, at 5 mm and 10 mm of depth, in rabbit femoral tissue were compared between moxibustion and the electric thermal stimulation system. The stimulation system consists of a high radio frequency dielectric heating equipment (2 MHz frequency, maximum power 200 W), isolation probe, isolation plate, negative pressure generator, and a temperature assessment system. The temperature was modulated by controlling the stimulation pulse duty ratio, repetition number, and output. There were 95% and 91% temperature distribution correlations between moxibustion and the thermal stimulus at 5 mm and 10 mm of depth in tissue, respectively. Moreover, the epidermal temperature in thermal stimulation was lower than that in moxibustion. These results showed that heat loss by the electric thermal stimulation system is less than that by the traditional moxibustion method. Furthermore, the proposed electric thermal stimulation did not cause adverse effects, such as suppuration or blisters, and also provided subcutaneous stimulation comparable to moxibustion.
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Baek, Changhoon, Sunhyo Kim, Jung-Woo Jang, et al. "Investigation of stereotactic surgery for avian brain stimulation by a fully implanted wireless system." Neurosurgical Focus 49, no. 1 (2020): E10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.4.focus2025.

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OBJECTIVEThe authors’ goal was to study avian motor brain mapping via wireless stimulation to induce certain behaviors. In this paper, the authors propose an electrode design that is suitable for avian brain stimulation as well as a stereotactic implant procedure for the proposed electrode.METHODSAn appropriate breed for avian brain study was chosen. A fully implantable remote-controlled electrical stimulation system was inserted to minimize discomfort. A suitable electrode design and stereotactic surgery method based on the electrode design were investigated.RESULTSUsing a wireless stimulation system, flapping and rotation behaviors were induced by stimulating the ventral part of the nucleus intercollicularis and formatio reticularis medialis mesencephali both on the ground and during flight.CONCLUSIONSThe authors were able to implant the entire brain stimulation system inside the avian body without any surgical complications. Postoperative observations suggested that the bird did not find the implant uncomfortable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "System of stimulation"

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Shim, Ji Wook. "Development of 32-channel electrotactile stimulation system /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426104.

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Stevenson, Mathew Paul. "Development of a mechanical cell stimulation system." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1345.

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Arfin, Scott K. (Scott Kenneth). "A miniature, implantable wireless neural stimulation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37938.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).<br>In this thesis, I present the design of a wireless neural stimulation system. The system consists of an external transmitter, controllable through a computer interface, and a miniature, implantable wireless receiver and stimulator. The implant is tailored for use in zebra finches - small birds weighing just 12-15g - as part of ongoing research into the neural mechanisms of sequence generation and learning. The implant, assembled on a miniature printed circuit board, contains a receiver coil, battery, electrodes, and a custom integrated circuit for data demodulation and neural stimulation. The chip, fabricated in a standard 0.5[mu]m CMOS process, is capable of delivering biphasic current pulses to 4 addressable electrode sites at 16 selectable current levels ranging from 100[mu]A to mA. Additionally, the biphasic pulses may be inverted. The entire implant weighs less than 1.5g and occupies a footprint smaller than 1.5cm2. A miniaturized neural stimulator such as this one also has applications in neural prostheses for blindness, Parkinson's disease, and paralysis.<br>by Scott K. Arfin.<br>S.M.
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Withey, Daniel J. (Daniel James) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "A cochlear implant stimulation strategy and system." Ottawa, 1992.

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Di, Iorio Felice <1983&gt. "Assessment of vibratory stimulation on neuromuscular system." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5598/1/DiIorio_Felice_Tesi.pdf.

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The thesis analyze a subject of renewed interest in bioengineering, the research and analysis of exercise parameters that maximize the neuromuscular and cardiovascular involvement in vibration treatment. The research activity was inspired by the increasing use of device able to provide localized or whole body vibration (WBV). In particular, the focus was placed on the vibrating platform and the effect that the vibrations have on the neuromuscular system and cardiovascular system. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of vibration applied to the entire body, in particular, it was investigated the effect of WBV on: 1) Oxygen consumption during static and dynamic squat; 2) Resonant frequency of the muscle groups of the lower limbs; 3) Oxygen consumption and electromyographic signals during static and dynamic squat. In the first three chapters are explained the state of the art concerning vibration treatments, the effects of vibration applied to the entire body, with the explanation of the basic mechanisms (Tonic Vibration Reflex, TVR) and the neuromuscular system, with particular attention to the skeletal muscles and the stretch reflex. In the fourth chapter is illustrated the set-up used for the experiments and the software, implemented in LabWindows in order to control the platform and acquire the electromyographic signal. In the fifth chapter were exposed experiments undertaken during the PhD years. In particular, the analysis of Whole Body Vibration effect on neurological and cardiovascular systems showed interesting results. The results indicate that the static squat with WBV produced higher neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory system activation for exercise duration <60 sec. Otherwise, if the single bout duration was higher than 60 sec, the greater cardiorespiratory system activation was achieved during the dynamic squat with WBV while higher neuromuscular activation was still obtained with the static exercise.
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Di, Iorio Felice <1983&gt. "Assessment of vibratory stimulation on neuromuscular system." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5598/.

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The thesis analyze a subject of renewed interest in bioengineering, the research and analysis of exercise parameters that maximize the neuromuscular and cardiovascular involvement in vibration treatment. The research activity was inspired by the increasing use of device able to provide localized or whole body vibration (WBV). In particular, the focus was placed on the vibrating platform and the effect that the vibrations have on the neuromuscular system and cardiovascular system. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of vibration applied to the entire body, in particular, it was investigated the effect of WBV on: 1) Oxygen consumption during static and dynamic squat; 2) Resonant frequency of the muscle groups of the lower limbs; 3) Oxygen consumption and electromyographic signals during static and dynamic squat. In the first three chapters are explained the state of the art concerning vibration treatments, the effects of vibration applied to the entire body, with the explanation of the basic mechanisms (Tonic Vibration Reflex, TVR) and the neuromuscular system, with particular attention to the skeletal muscles and the stretch reflex. In the fourth chapter is illustrated the set-up used for the experiments and the software, implemented in LabWindows in order to control the platform and acquire the electromyographic signal. In the fifth chapter were exposed experiments undertaken during the PhD years. In particular, the analysis of Whole Body Vibration effect on neurological and cardiovascular systems showed interesting results. The results indicate that the static squat with WBV produced higher neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory system activation for exercise duration <60 sec. Otherwise, if the single bout duration was higher than 60 sec, the greater cardiorespiratory system activation was achieved during the dynamic squat with WBV while higher neuromuscular activation was still obtained with the static exercise.
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Kesar, Trisha. "Effect of stimulation frequency and intensity on skeletal muscle fatigue during repetitive electrical stimulation." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.62 Mb., 85 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1430768.

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Dionissopoulos, Louis. "Immune system stimulation and growth performance in swine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35883.pdf.

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Wan, Zakaria Wan Nurshazwani. "Force-controlled Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) robotic system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1517.

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The use of robots to assist neurologists in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has the potential to improve the long term outcome of brain stimulation. Although extensive research has been carried out on TMS robotic system, no single study exists which adequately take into account the control of interaction of contact force between the robot and subject’s head. Thus, the introduction of force feedback control is considered as a desirable feature, and is particularly important when using an autonomous robot manipulator. In this study, a force-controlled TMS robotic system has been developed, which consists of a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) articulated robot arm, a force/torque sensor system to measure contact force and real-time PC based control system. A variant of the external force control scheme was successfully implemented to carry out the simultaneous force and position control in real-time. A number of engineering challenges are addressed to develop a viable system for TMS application; simultaneous real-time force and position tracking on subject’s head, unknown/varies environment stiffness and motion compensation to counter the force-controlled instability problems, and safe automated robotic system. Simulation of a single axis force-controlled robotic system has been carried out, which includes a task of maintaining contact on simulated subject’s head. The results provide a good agreement with parallel experimental tests, which leads to further improvement to the robot force control. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Force Controller has been developed to provide stable and robust force control on unknown environment stiffness and motion. The potential of the proposed method has been further illustrated and verified through a comprehensive series of experiments. This work also lays important foundations for long term related research, particularly in the development of real-time medical robotic system and new techniques of force control mainly for human-robot interaction. KEY WORDS: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Robotic System, Real-time System, External Force Control Scheme, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Force Controller
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Yi, Xiang. "Design of a robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation system." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1444.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an excellent and non-invasive technique for studying the human brain. Accurate placement of the magnetic coil is required by this technique in order to induce a specific cortical activity. Currently, the coil is manually held in most of stimulation procedures, which does not achieve the precise clinical evaluation of the procedure. This thesis proposes a robotic TMS system to resolve these problems as a robot has excellent locating and holding capabilities. The proposed system can track in real-time the subject’s head position and simultaneously maintain a constant contact force between the coil and the subject’s head so that it does not need to be restrained and thus ensure the accuracy of the stimulation result. Requirements for the robotic TMS system are proposed initially base on analysis of a serial of TMS experiments on real subjects. Both hardware and software design are addressed according to these requirements in this thesis. An optical tracking system is used in the system for guiding and tracking the motion of the robot and inadvertent small movements of the subject’s head. Two methods of coordinate system registration are developed base on DH and Tsai-lenz’s method, and it is found that DH method has an improved accuracy (RMS error is 0.55mm). In addition, the contact force is controlled using a Force/Torque sensor; and a combined position and force tracking controller is applied in the system. This combined controller incorporates the position tracking and conventional gain scheduling force control algorithms to monitor both position and force in real-time. These algorithms are verified through a series of experiments. And it is found that the maximum position and force error are 3mm and 5N respectively when the subject moves at a speed of 20mm/s. Although the performance still needs to be improved to achieve a better system, the robotic system has shown the significant advantage compared with the manual TMS system. Keywords—Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Robot arm, Medical system, Calibration, Tracking
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Books on the topic "System of stimulation"

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G, Bain Peter, ed. Deep brain stimulation. Oxford University Press, 2009.

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Clark, James Hoyt. Computerized electro dermal screening and the life information system TEN. Biosource, 1994.

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1964-, Boniface Simon J., and Ziemann Ulf, eds. Plasticity in the human nervous system: Investigations with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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Slavin, Konstantin V. Stimulation of the peripheral nervous system: The neuromodulation frontier. Karger, 2016.

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1958-, George M. S., and Belmaker Robert H, eds. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical psychiatry. American Psychiatric Pub., 2007.

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Fowler, Kim. Computer controlled neurological stimulation system: Hardware and firmware descriptions. Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, 1991.

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Dutré, W. L. EURSOL: A series of interactive system specific stimulation programs for thermal solar systems. Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Freeman, Chris. Control System Design for Electrical Stimulation in Upper Limb Rehabilitation. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25706-8.

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Counter, S. Allen. Electromagnetic stimulation of the auditory system: Effects and side-effects. Scandinavian University Press, 1993.

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Jonathan, Black. Electrical stimulation: Its role in growth, repair, and remodeling of the musculoskeletal system. Praeger, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "System of stimulation"

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Krames, E. S. "The endogenous neuromodulatory system." In Spinal Cord Stimulation. Steinkopff, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48441-4_2.

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Rattay, Frank. "Control of the Neuromuscular System." In Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3271-5_10.

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Rattay, Frank. "Functional Design of the Nervous System." In Electrical Nerve Stimulation. Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-3271-5_2.

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Gybels, J. "Neuropathic pain and stimulation of the nervous system." In Spinal Cord Stimulation. Steinkopff, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48441-4_5.

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Wilkinson, Ashley E., Aleesha M. McCormick, and Nic D. Leipzig. "Stimulation and Guidance." In Central Nervous System Tissue Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02582-2_5.

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McRoberts, Porter, Kevin D. Cairns, and Timothy Deer. "Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous System for the Painful Extremity." In Peripheral Nerve Stimulation. KARGER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000323048.

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Carlstrom, Lucas P. "Chapter 22 Molecular and Cellular Neuromodulation for Central Nervous System Injury and Regeneration." In Deep Brain Stimulation. Pan Stanford Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315364759-23.

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Richter, Lars. "Evaluation of Robotized TMS: The Current System in Practice." In Robotized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7360-2_3.

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Schlaepfer, T. E., V. A. Coenen, and B. H. Bewernick. "Deep Brain Stimulation of the Human Reward System as a Putative Treatment for Refractory Major Depression." In Deep Brain Stimulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30991-5_9.

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Gersbach, Philippe, M. Hasdemir, and D. Mettler. "Influence of cervical spinal cord stimulation on the vascular system." In Spinal Cord Stimulation II. Steinkopff, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72527-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "System of stimulation"

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Liao, Zhan-Xian, Yu-Kai Kang, Shuenn-Yuh Lee, and Chou-Ching Lin. "Live Demonstration: Portable Stimulation System for Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation." In 2024 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/apccas62602.2024.10808849.

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E, Shiyu, Hongda Li, Dongyan Yao, and Chaoming Wang. "Design of an Embedded Transcranial Pulse Electrical Stimulation System." In 2024 4th International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering and Computer (EIECT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/eiect64462.2024.10866247.

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Marg, Elwin. "Non-Invasive Assessment of the Visual System by Magnetic Stimulation." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1991.tua3.

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Electrical stimulation of nerves can be elicited by a capacitor-discharge magnetic stimulator. The stimulation is painless and non-invasive. The principle of operation is that a magnetic field induces an electric current in the volume conductor of the tissue and triggers the depolarization of the nerve fibers. Magnetostimulation is a safe, convenient and simple method of stimulating the nervous system without pain but with less precision of localization than by electrostimulation with electrodes.
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Osipov, Dmitry, Steffen Paul, Serge Strokov, and Andreas K. Kreiter. "A new current stimulator architecture for visual cortex stimulation." In 2015 Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NORCAS): NORCHIP & International Symposium on System-on-Chip (SoC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/norchip.2015.7364399.

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Linh Hoang, Yang Zhi, and Wentai Liu. "Virtual electrode stimulation in a multi-channel stimulation system." In 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2012.6346818.

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Wu, Zuhe, JinJin Liu, and Jun Ma. "A novel cranial electrotherapy stimulation system with arbitrary waveform stimulation." In 2014 7th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2014.7002829.

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Mo, Guomin, Min Lin, and Junan Zhang. "Intelligent Microcurrent Stimulation System Design." In 2016 International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesd-16.2016.122.

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Echenique, A. M., J. P. Graffigna, and V. Mut. "Electrocutaneous stimulation system for Braille reading." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627501.

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Emtsev, A. S., and D. V. Belik. "Biotechnical system for stimulation of hematopoesis." In 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Actual Problems of Electronics Instrument Engineering (APEIE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2012.6629037.

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Germano, Paolo, Igor Stefanini, and Yves Perriard. "Contactless system dedicated to colic stimulation." In 2008 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icelmach.2008.4799980.

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Reports on the topic "System of stimulation"

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Huntley, Nichole F., C. Martin Nyachoti, and John F. Patience. Immune System Stimulation Increases Nursery Pig Maintenance Energy Requirements. Iowa State University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-344.

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Rose, Peter Eugene. Creation of an Enhanced Geothermal System through Hydraulic and Thermal Stimulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1076593.

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Rose, Peter Eugene. Creation of an Enhanced Geothermal System through Hydraulic and Thermal Stimulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1076594.

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Joyner, Tom, and Bob Maker. Joint Installed System Test Facility (JISTF) Infrared Sensor Simulation/Stimulation Enhancement: Dynamic Virtual Reality Simulation/Stimulation Technologies for Test, Evaluaiton, and Training. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada367704.

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Hebert, Anthony J., and Paul R. Mackin. Advanced Modeling and System Parameter Identification through Minimal Dynamic Stimulation and Digital Signal Processing. Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609130.

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Outhouse, Amanda C., Kyle Grubbs, Christopher K. Tuggle, Jack C. M. Dekkers, Nicholas K. Gabler, and Steven M. Lonergan. Changes in the Protein Profile of Porcine Liver in Response to Immune System Stimulation. Iowa State University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1263.

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Merkulova, Yuliya. Роль системы показателей в технологии оптимизации и баланса множества данных спроса и предложения. Yuliya Merkulova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0431.26042021.

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Article is devoted to significant problems of creation of system of the indicators for stimulation of balance of supply and demand of products. It is very important for increase of competitiveness of products. The new methodology of calculation of target function of a product and indicators of its efficiency is offered in article. The special place in article is devoted to methodology of definition of an indicator of aggregate useful effect, which includes useful effect of the producer and consumer and promotes balance of their interests. All offered indicators of efficiency of a product are interconnected with each other and only in united system possess the stimulating mechanism of balance of supply and demand. They promote increase of effectiveness of process of planning and allow to find reserves for increase of competitiveness of products.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert, and B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are &amp;amp;lt;100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.
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Dale, Naomi, Aneesa Khan, and Sophie Dale. Early intervention for vision and neurodevelopment in infants and very young children with visual impairment: a systematicreview. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0080.

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Review question / Objective: Research question - What is the effectiveness of Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) in the first 3 years of life? Population (P) Infants and very young children with diagnosed visual impairment. Intervention (I) ECI programmes that includes vision and developmental stimulation, play, learning and responsive parenting Comparison (C) Standard care or control Outcomes (O) Primary: Vision function or and/or neurodevelopment and/or parent-child interaction outcomes Secondary: Parental context factors eg parental wellbeing and mental health, parental satisfaction with service provision. Condition being studied: Childhood congenital or very early visual impairment arising from congenital disorders of the peripheral or anterior visual system or cerebral-based vision disorders. This includes all vision disorders of the globe, retina and anterior optic nerve and all vision disorders that are considered cerebral based along visual pathways that are retro-chiasmatic and include central brain regions and networks involved in vision processing.
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Rose, Peter, E. Chemical Stimulation of Engineered Geothermal Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/935668.

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