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1
Ussing, Bryson Richard. "Systematic examination of dynamically driven organic reactions via kinetic isotope effects." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4877.
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Organic reactions are systematically examined experimentally and theoretically to
determine the role dynamics plays in the outcome of the reaction. It is shown that
trajectory studies are of vital importance in understanding reactions influenced by
dynamical motion. This dissertation discusses how a combination of kinetic isotope
effects, theoretical calculations, and quasiclassical dynamics trajectories aid in the
understanding of the solvolysis of p-tolyldiazonium cation in water, the cycloadditions
of cyclopentadiene with diphenylketene and dichloroketene, and the cycloaddition of 2-
methyl-2-butene with dichloroketene.
In the solvolysis of p-tolyldiazonium cation, significant 13C kinetic isotope effects
are qualitatively consistent with a transition state leading to formation of an aryl cation,
but on a quantitative basis, the isotope effects are not adequately accounted for by simple
SN1 heterolysis to the aryl cation. The best predictions of the 13C isotope effects for the
heterolytic process arise from transition structures solvated by clusters of water
molecules. Dynamic trajectories starting from these transition structures afford products very slowly. The nucleophilic displacement process for aryldiazonium ions in water is
determined to be at the boundary of the SN2Ar and SN1 mechanisms.
The reaction of cyclopentadiene with diphenylketene affords both [4 + 2] and [2 +
2] cycloadducts directly. This is surprising. There is only one low-energy transition
structure for adduct formation. Investigation of this reaction indicates that quasiclassical
trajectories started from a single transition structure afford both [4 + 2] and [2 + 2]
products. Overall, an understanding of the products, rates, selectivities, isotope effects,
and mechanism in these reactions requires the explicit consideration of dynamic
trajectories.
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Sutherland, Stephanie D. "A systematic examination of portfolio assessment to promote teacher professional growth." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0035/MQ38768.pdf.
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Barker, Keegan. "The Development of the Clinical Supervisor: An Examination of Theories, Contributing Factors, and Measures." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31788.
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The development of competency in clinical supervision is becoming an increasingly important element of training and practice in professional psychology. To assist students in developing supervisory competencies, knowledge of relevant research and effective training methods is required. Three studies were designed to add to the field of supervisor development research. In the first study, I conducted a systematic review to examine the extent to which theoretical models of supervisor development have been used in empirical studies of supervisor development within professional psychology. This study revealed that studies rarely employ theory, and when they do, the Supervisor Complexity Model is the most often used theory, likely because it is the only one with an associated measure, the Psychotherapy Supervisor Development Scale (PSDS; Watkins, Schneider, Haynes, & Nieberding, 1995). Building on the findings of this systematic review, in the second study I conducted a reliability and validity generalization on the PSDS. Reliability and validity generalizations are meta-analytic methods that allow reliability and validity data from a measure to be summarized across studies. Results indicate the PSDS has a history of excellent reliability, and higher scores are found with increased supervisory training and experience, evidence of the scale’s validity. The third study is a meta-analysis of the supervisor development literature, in order to assess the effect sizes of training and experience on supervisory development and self-efficacy. Results indicate that training and experience have significant positive effect sizes, though they do not differ from one another. Based on results from these studies I provide recommendations about: the samples with which the PSDS tool is appropriately used, and how researchers might increase reliability within their own future studies, and evidence based recommendations for competency based education efforts.
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Casewell, Deborah Louise. "Wisdom or foolishness? : a critical examination of Eberhard Jüngel’s theology of the cross." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19533.
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The theology of Eberhard Jüngel endeavours to rethink the being of God and how humanity comes by knowledge of God from the crucifixion of Christ. By focusing on the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ, Jüngel proposes that a theology of the cross should be the basis of human knowledge of God as all can be said about the Trinity and christology must be said from the cross. As Jüngel holds that the humanity of Christ is the example and basis for humanity, the cross is also the source of information for Jüngel’s theological anthropology. This thesis seeks to determine whether Jüngel’s focus on the cross as the source of all theological knowledge results in a limited view of God, of Christ, and of humanity. In order to do this, the thesis looks at the history and context of Jüngel himself and why he is interested in basing a theology on the cross. The thesis also looks at the history of critical engagement with Jüngel, and the conclusions that those works have come to. The history of the theology of the cross is explored, from its provenance in Luther through to its rise during and after the Second World War. After detailing the history of the cross Jüngel’s own particular formulation is explicated, alongside Moltmann and Sölle who were the main exponents of a theology of the cross in Germany. Having done so, the effects of Jüngel’s theology of the cross on christology, the doctrine of God, and on anthropology are detailed, and it is argued that Jüngel’s theology of the cross restricts the activity of the person of Christ and that this restriction contradicts his emphasis on the perichoretic union of the Trinity, as well as restricting human action to a creative passivity. However, the thesis also explores the positive sides of Jüngel’s theology of the cross. Jüngel’s theology of the cross is the most theologically and philosophically rigorous of his time, and a theology of the cross is still needed as a normative control in theological thought. Furthermore, the thesis examines how Jüngel’s account of love can be used to advance his theology and repair some of the damage that the limits of his theology of the cross cause.
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Gordon, Austin. "An Examination of Systematic Supervision and Its Effects on School Climate, Playground Safety, and Bullying Behaviors." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2613.
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Bullying remains a pervasive problem in schools across the nation. Various detrimental social, psychological, emotional, and academic effects can result from involvement in bullying regardless of whether a student is the perpetrator, victim, witness, or a combination of the three. Recent literature has made significant connections between a school’s overall climate and bullying behaviors, suggesting the need for school-wide interventions to combat the problem. As a part of school climate, unstructured areas such as the playground, have been targeted as a critical area in need of support. Researchers attribute poor safety on the playground to lack of adequate and trained supervision. Fortunately, Systematic Supervision is a training program based in empirically supported principles that shows likelihood for success to improve climate and reduce bullying behaviors on the playground and the school as a whole (Smith, & Sprague, 2011). Yet, this program has not been thoroughly evaluated in peer reviewed journals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Systematic Supervision for improving playground safety, reducing bullying behavior, and enhancing school climate. Behavioral observations and student and teacher school climate surveys collected from 35 schools over two years were assessed. Comparisons were made between schools that received the intervention with those that were wait-listed controls. Results of the study suggest that Systematic Supervision is an effective means of training playground monitors to use active supervision behaviors. Unfortunately, no significant connections could be made with regard to the implementation of Systematic Supervision and subsequent changes in student or teacher perceptions of safety, in perceptions of school climate, or in bulling behaviors. A discussion of the results and their implications is included in detail.
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Peterson, Kristin M. H. "An examination of competing models of learning disabilities identification through the systematic variation of achievement context /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9955922.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-107). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9955922.
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Davis, Maren Hyatt. "An Examination of the Effectiveness of Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL) with Children with ASD." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5670.
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One population with challenges in learning to read is children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL) intervention activities to improve phonological awareness and phonics skills with three children with ASD. Previous studies have looked at the effectiveness of using SEEL with other young children with diverse backgrounds; however, this is the first study to focus on using SEEL intervention with children with ASD. The study used a single-subject, multiple-baseline-across-behaviors design to compare performance on phonic patterns before and after intervention. Three young, male students who had a diagnosis on the autism spectrum and delays in literacy skills participated in the study. A number of different, yet comparable literacy targets were selected for each of the participants and assessment tasks were created to probe the participants’ ability to demonstrate reading and phonological awareness for these target patterns. Baseline assessment data were collected prior to participants receiving individualized intervention, and performance on each task was monitored using the same assessment each subsequent session. SEEL instruction focusing on one target at a time was used to teach participants to read or decode the target words and give appropriate responses to phonological awareness tasks. Intervention sessions were held once a week and lasted approximately 30-45 minutes. Each SEEL lesson was adapted to meet the needs of the individual child; however, all sessions contained SEEL principles of contextualized play, frequent auditory and visual exposures to the targets, explicit teaching using the target words, and engaged and reciprocal participation with opportunities to create original oral and written phrases. An analysis of the results show marked improvement in performance with the selected targets for two of the participants. This study provides further insight into the efficacy of using SEEL with different populations in need of early literacy intervention, especially those with multiple behavioral and skill-based variables to consider. It also discusses some additional factors and challenges to consider for future research in using SEEL with children with ASD.
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Lennon, Ruth Eleanor. "Examination of emotion regulation in psychosis and a trans-diagnostic emotion regulation group therapy intervention for an acute inpatient setting : a mixed methods pilot evaluation study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21000.
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Purpose: The systematic review aimed to review and evaluate constructs and measures of emotion regulation (ER) in the psychosis spectrum population literature. The empirical study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a trans-diagnostic emotion regulation (ER) group developed for an acute inpatient setting. Methods: The literature was systematically searched for research related to the measurement of emotion regulation (ER) in a psychosis spectrum population. A mixed method design was employed to assess acceptability and feasibility of a six session ER skills group delivered in an acute mental health inpatient setting. The group intervention was developed and piloted over a 5 month period. The mixed method design included a multiple single case series design and qualitative exit interviews, conducted with eight participants. Results: 24 papers met criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. 15 different self-report tools were identified as measures of ER strategies in this review. Descriptive data from the empirical study indicated high attendance and low attrition rates. Group level analysis identified large effect sizes for change in ER skills. Case series data indicated that sustained change, on at least one measured variable, occurred for four participants. Qualitative themes triangulate findings related to acceptability of the group, change in ER strategies and increased emotional acceptance. Conclusions: ER conceptualisation is variable in the literature reviewed, where the understanding of how ER and psychosis are linked is limited. The emphasis on the literature reviewed is on cognitive strategies of ER. The pilot study indicates that the intervention is feasible and acceptable, with preliminary evidence identifying potential clinical benefits. The challenges in evaluating interventions in an acute inpatient environment are discussed.
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Welsh, Mackenzie. "A Systematic Examination of Practice Amount in Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) Treatment Using an Integral Stimulation Approach." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/468695.
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Communication Sciences<br>M.A.<br>The purpose of this study was to examine how a critical principle of motor learning, practice amount (high number of trials versus a low number of trials), affects speech motor learning in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). It also sought to contribute to the literature base regarding using an integral stimulation approach for these children. Currently, a limited evidence base exists for decision-making regarding practice amount in CAS treatment. Using a single-case experimental design with two participants, three target sets of utterances (High Amount, Low Amount, and Control) received different amounts of treatment. Outcomes were compared in terms of retention. Targets were scored regarding perceptual (prosodic and segmental) accuracy. Effect sizes were computed to quantify the extent of treatment effects. For both participants, results show some evidence suggesting a higher amount of practice is advantageous and leads to greater learning. A low amount of treatment did not show clear differences compared to not receiving any treatment. Caution should be taken when interpreting these findings due to its small sample size and modest effects. Results suggest that the integral stimulation approach may only be effective if provided with a significantly high amount of practice. Further research is needed to examine how the principles of motor learning and the integral stimulation approach should be sensibly and systematically applied to promote best outcomes for this population.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Keel, David S. "A systematic/structural examination of factors that facilitate and inhibit natural recovery from alcohol abuse in college students." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154104.
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Wolden, Mitchell. "Predicting Success on the National Physical Therapy Examination: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Random Effects Meta-Analysis." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27895.
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Excellence in physical therapy (PT) education is an essential component in meeting the evolving needs of this rapidly growing profession. In PT education, the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) continues to be the predominant outcome indicator of student success. Passing the NPTE assumes that PT students? academic and clinical competencies were achieved, and therefore, that exam serves as the PT professions ?gatekeeper? as to who can be licensed to practice. As a high-stakes examination, predicting NPTE performance is important for PT students, faculty, and programs. The purpose of the present study was to determine the empirical relationships of NPTE performance for each of the PT applicant and PT student variables identified from a systematic literature review. The current investigation utilized a systematic literature review with a subsequent random effects meta-analysis to determine the empirical relationships between PT applicant variables and PT student variables with NPTE performance. Findings indicated that all of the PT applicant variables had a moderate effect size and significant relationship with NPTE performance, with undergraduate grade point averages of prerequisite courses (UGPA PC) having the largest relationship with NPTE performance. Four of the PT student variables (first-year PTGPA, overall PTGPA, Nelson Dennehy Reading Test scores, and comprehensive exam scores) had a large effect size and statistically significant relationship NPTE performance. The remaining PT student variables (which includes the clinical performance scores from the first and the final clinical experiences) all had weak relationships with NPTE performance. The results from the present study provides evidence for the implementation of a comprehensive approach for admission into a professional program in PT. Further, the first-year PTGPA should be assessed to identify those who are at a risk of failing the NPTE on their first-attempt. Most notably, the results from the random effects meta-analysis for the clinical performance scores (both first and final clinical experiences) raise concerns that the NPTE may not be adequately assessing individual PT students? clinical learning and performance, indicating that PT educators should review the current model of PT student assessment.
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Clarke, Aoife. "A systematic review of the concept of self-disgust, and an empirical examination of its role in post-traumatic stress difficulties." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/87579/.
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This thesis is comprised of a systematic literature review, a research paper, and a critical appraisal. The literature review assesses the clinical utility of self-disgust in understanding mental health difficulties. Specifically, the review examined whether there is a shared conceptual definition of self-disgust, the construct and face validity of quantitative measures of self-disgust, and the predictive validity of self-disgust in understanding mental distress. Thirty-one studies (three qualitative, twenty-seven quantitative, one mixed) were included in the review. Findings suggested that, although qualitative research indicates that self-disgust is a meaningful phenomenon experienced in a consistent way, measurement of self-disgust across studies has varied and particular measures (e.g. visual analogue scales) may only capture an aspect of the concept. Quantitative research indicates strong relationships between self-disgust and a range of mental health conditions, including depression, eating disorders, trauma-related difficulties, and self-harm. Experimental, longitudinal and retrospective designs very tentatively suggest that self-disgust precedes the development of these difficulties, thereby lending the concept a degree of predictive validity. However, the cross-sectional nature of the majority of the studies limit conclusions. The empirical paper examined whether there was a relationship between self-disgust and post-traumatic stress difficulties following trauma-exposure, and if so whether this relationship was mediated by attachment anxiety or attachment avoidance. Eighty-five participants completed a battery of on-line questionnaires measuring the above concepts. Self-disgust significantly positively correlated with all post-traumatic stress symptoms. Self-disgust also fully mediated the relationship between the experience of sexual trauma and post-traumatic stress severity. The relationship between self-disgust and dissociation was partially mediated by attachment anxiety. However, attachment avoidance did not relate to any of the symptom clusters. The implications of the results for research and practice are discussed. Finally, the critical appraisal bounds the clinical implications of the findings within the strengths and weakness of the research paper.
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Young, Louise. "Predictive capacity of a cognitive screen : can the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III predict early relapse following inpatient detoxification in severe alcohol dependence?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15932.
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Background: Alcohol misuse and dependency are major health problems worldwide. Despite the availability of a number of evidence-based treatments for alcohol-dependency, a large proportion of people relapse following detoxification. The costs to society and the individual are vast, not only economically but in terms of social and interpersonal functioning also. There is a recognised need to understand the factors that contribute to poorer outcomes in this population. Cognitive impairment is one factor that has demonstrated considerable associations with poor outcomes in the wider substance-misuse population. Aims: This thesis has two sections. The first comprises a systematic review which aimed to present the objective evidence for emotional decision-making deficits in the alcohol dependent population. The second is an empirical study which aimed to establish whether or not relapse can be predicted in a severely alcohol dependent population in the early stages following inpatient detoxification. In addition, a normative dataset for this clinical population using the ACE-III is presented. Methods: For the systematic review, a structured search of the literature relating to emotional decision-making in alcohol dependent samples was conducted. Iterative application of pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria identified eighteen studies for critical review. Quality assessment of these studies was undertaken and validated by means of calculating inter-rater reliability. For the empirical study, two sub-samples of a cross-sectional group of patients being treated for severe alcohol-dependence were examined; one to collate normative data for the ACE-III (N=73) and one to investigate associations between the ACE-III and relapse (N=20), including covariates of age, mood, anxiety and motivation. Results: The systematic review demonstrated substantial support for a deficit in emotional decision-making ability in alcohol-dependence. Methodological quality of the reviewed papers was moderate to high. Deficits in performance on a task of emotional decision-making compared to healthy controls indicated a reduced learning curve in alcohol dependent samples. Limitations of the studies included failure to report power analyses and effect sizes, insufficient detail regarding methodology and exclusion of common comorbidities in alcohol-dependence. The empirical study demonstrated clinically significant cognitive impairment in a sample of severely alcohol dependent individuals in the early stages following detoxification. In a smaller sample, cognitive functioning was not found to be predictive of relapse at one-month post-detoxification. Associations were identified between age and ACE-III score and between age and relapse status. Age was not predictive of outcome. Conclusions: The available evidence points towards the existence of emotional decision-making deficits in alcohol dependent individuals. These are likely to impact on the ability of individuals make the health behaviour changes required to recover from alcohol dependence. Further research may be helpful in identifying factors associated with increased decision-making deficit in this specific population and investigating the processes underlying such difficulties. The clinical normative dataset presented in the empirical study points towards generalised cognitive impairment during the early stages of abstinence which may negatively impact on ability to engage meaningfully with psychosocial interventions. Performance on the ACE-III was not found to predict relapse in the current sample. Previous research would suggest that the links between cognitive functioning and relapse are less well defined in alcohol-misusing samples than in the wider substance-misuse population. Therefore future research may help to clarify this association in alcohol dependent samples. It is acknowledged that the ACE-III is yet to be validated for use in the alcohol dependent population and is limited in its ability to assess executive functions. Given the high prevalence of executive functioning deficits in the alcohol dependent population, it seems of importance to use cognitive screening tools which place appropriate emphasis on these abilities. Service providers are encouraged to incorporate routine cognitive screening into clinical practice and consider the implications of cognitive impairment at both individual and service delivery levels.
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Teigen, Beth. "A Systematic Examination of Data-Driven Decision-making within a School Division: The Relationships among Principal Beliefs, School Characteristics, and Accreditation Status." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1957.
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This non-experimental, census survey included the elementary, middle, and high school principals at the comprehensive schools within a large, suburban school division in Virginia. The focus of this study was the factors that influence building administrators in using data to make instructional decisions. The purpose was to discover if there is a difference in the perceptions of elementary, middle, and high school principals of data use to make instructional decisions within their buildings. McLeod’s (2006) Statewide Data-Driven Readiness Study: Principal Survey was used to assess the principals’ beliefs about the data-driven readiness of their individual schools. Each principal indicated the degree to which they agreed or disagreed with statements about acting upon data, data support systems, and the data school culture. Twenty-two items aligned with four constructs identified by White (2008) in her study of elementary school principals in Florida. These four constructs or factors were used to determine if there was a significant difference in principal beliefs concerning teacher use of data to improve student achievement, principal beliefs regarding a data-driven culture within their building, the existence of systems for supporting data-driven decision-making, and collaboration among teachers to make data-driven decisions. For each of the survey items a majority of the responses (≥62%) were in agreement with the statements, indicating the principals agreed slightly, agreed moderately, or agreed strongly that data-driven decision-making by teachers to improve student achievement was occurring within the building, a data-driven culture and data supporting systems exists, and teachers are collaborating and using data to make decisions. Multiple analyses of variance showed significant differences in the means. Some of these differences in means were based on the principals’ assignment levels. While both groups responded positively to the statement that collaboration among teachers to make data-driven decisions, the elementary principals agreed more strongly than the high school principals. When mediating variables were examined, significance was found in principals’ beliefs concerning teacher use of data to improve student achievement depending on the years of experience as a principal. Principals with six or more years of experience had a mean response for Construct 1 of 4.84 while those with five or less years of experience had a mean of 4.38, suggesting that on average those principals with more experience had a stronger belief that teachers are using data to improve student achievement. There is significance between the means of principals with three or fewer years versus those with more than three years in their current assignment on two of the constructs – a data-driven culture and collaboration among teachers. Principals with less time in their current position report a slightly higher agreement than their less experienced colleagues with statements about the data-driven culture within their school. Significant difference was also found between principals’ beliefs about teacher collaboration to improve student achievement and their beliefs regarding collaboration among teachers using data-driven decision-making and the school’s AYP status for 2008-2009. Principals assigned to schools that had made AYP for 2008-2009 moderately agreed that teachers were collaborating to make data-driven decisions. In comparison, principals assigned to schools that had not made AYP only slightly agreed that this level of collaboration was occurring in their schools.
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Liu, Liping. "Chinese migrant workers and mental health: a systematic review and examination of the role of multimodal connectedness, mobile communication, and network ties." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/522.
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The first part of this dissertation systematically and comprehensively reviews the literature to understand what is and is not known about Chinese internal migration and mental health. By identifying the research gaps, the second part of this dissertation extends previous research by offering an integrative perspective that articulates how multimodal connectedness by diverse media forms influence one's personal networks, and thus their social capital, social support, and life satisfaction and positive mental health as two subjective well-being outcomes. The theory of media multiplexity (Haythornthwaite, 2005) was employed to explain the relations between Chinese internal migrant workers' diverse media use and their personal ties linked. Media multiplexity advocates that strong ties tend to use diverse media forms to sustain the deep levels of mutual dependency, while only one or two media were employed in the communication of weak ties. However, there is still a dearth of studies investigating Chinese migrant workers' diverse media use to establish and maintain their social ties. In this dissertation, the theory of media multiplexity was advanced with the consideration of the diverse media values in particular Chinese social context within the Chinese migrant worker population. The traditional perspective of media multiplexity theory emphasizes the positive relationship of the media use number and tie strength. In this dissertation I argue that both the number and value of different media forms should be considered to understand the nexus the migrant workers' multiplex media use to interact with different social ties. Moreover, this study also first time investigated the personal networks of Chinese migrant workers and how their personal networks function influences their mental health.
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Sharf, Allyson J. "External Validation of the MMPI-A-RF with Youth with Mental Health Needs: A Systematic Examination of Symptom-Based Correlates and Interpretive Statements." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538766/.
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Over the last several decades, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - Adolescent (MMPI-A) has remained one of the most extensively studied and commonly used adolescent assessment measures. Most recently, the MMPI-A was revised, published as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory - Adolescent Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF). Given the infancy of the extant MMPI-A-RF literature, the current dissertation sought to be one of the first criterion studies since the test manual to establish its relevant clinical correlates in a sample of youth referred for mental health services. Following in line with previous clinical correlate research, the psychometric properties of the MMPI-A-RF were determined. Under this approach, the present study bolstered support for the construct validity of the RC scales through the identification of clinically relevant, scale and item-level correlates. In particular, the RCd and RC4 evidenced especially strong convergent and discriminant validity. As a result, the current study highlighted the MMPI-A-RF's efficacy in detecting psychopathology along the broad externalizing and internalizing spectrum. In addition, the role of gender and its effect on MMPI-A-RF clinical interpretations were explored. Practical recommendations for ensuring a gender-specific approach to MMPI-A-RF interpretation were outlined.
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Pritchett, Dominique L. (Dominique Leon). "Systematic examination of the impact of pre-stimulus alpha- mu and gamma band oscillations on perception : correlative and causal manipulation in mouse and human." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73769.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The over-arching hypothesis that drives my work is that neural dynamics, fluctuating on millisecond to second time scales, powerfully impact perception. In this thesis, I employ correlative electrophysiological recording methods and causal optogenetic control of neural circuits to systematically test the importance of dynamics in the expression of pre-stimulus oscillations on perception. Specifically, I test the prediction that alpha oscillations expressed in a given sensory representation within a neocortical map predict diminished sensory capability in that region of sensory space, while gamma oscillations predict enhanced capacity. My model system throughout is primary somatosensory neocortex and tactile perception: I combine studies from human and mouse to benefit from the relative merits of each preparation. Several prior studies support this more generally stated view of oscillatory dynamics -- alpha predicting diminished and gamma predicting enhanced perceptual capacity. However, there is significant disagreement on even this broad assumption. Leading researchers have argued that alpha in fact predicts enhanced detection of tactile stimuli (e.g., Nicolelis and Fanselow, 2002). Further, there remains significant discord over whether gamma oscillations predict enhanced ability and, even if they do so, whether their expression is a causal contributor to this increased capacity or whether gamma is an epiphenomenal by-product of other beneficial shifts in neural dynamics. My thesis directly addresses these basic questions as to the predictive value of these oscillations, and favors the view that alpha and gamma are in general predictive of perception as stated. Further, I provide unique causal data showing that, under the conditions of our experiments, entrainment of a realistic and local gamma oscillation in neocortex can enhance stimulus detection. I also address important questions as to the independence of different frequency bands expressed in pre-stimulus oscillatory dynamics. Specifically, in contrast to prior reports, I provide evidence in humans and mouse that alpha and beta are unique in their expression and do not occur as a single coincident "mu" rhythm. I also provide direct evidence against the simplistic view-which has also been recently postulated-that alpha and gamma rhythms are inherently opposed in their expression (e.g., that increase in one is necessarily coincident with decrease in the other). Perhaps most importantly, while my data support the general view that alpha and gamma have opposing impacts on perception, I also show that there are more complex interactions between alpha and gamma in predicting perceptual success, suggesting that a simplistic view of each frequency as a 'state' is inappropriate, and that these oscillations are independent in their expression and potentially in their allocation to optimize perception, e.g., with selective attention. Our MEG results support the hypothesis that the alpha band oscillation is negatively correlated with perception. Further, using LFP in the mouse we observe that this alpha oscillation is a disengaging rhythm in rodents as well, contrary to prior work in barrel cortex in rats. More, we show that increased gamma power is correlated with perception of a liminal tactile stimulus. Then using optogenetic control of the fast-spiking interneurons, we causally entrain a gamma oscillation to show enhancement of perception.<br>by Dominique L. Pritchett.<br>Ph.D.
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Marshall, Esther. "An Examination of the Effects of Using Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy to Teach Tier 3 Students to Read Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (CVC) Words." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3060.
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A single-subject-multiple-baseline-across-behaviors design was used to examine the effects of using Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL) instruction to help Tier 3 kindergarten students learn to read CVC words. Four students designated as Tier 3 by their teachers participated in the study. They were grouped into two dyads and received SEEL instruction focusing on specific word reading targets for approximately 20 minutes four days per week over a seven-week time period. The instruction included meaningful, interactive activities and incorporated high levels of play, multiple exposures to the target, explicit instruction, and student-teacher conversational exchanges. Baseline assessment data were collected prior to the application of the intervention for each of the targets and assessment data continued to be collected after each intervention session. All students learned to read the target words and three of the students generalized their learning to other targets. A moderate to large effect size of 0.54 was obtained using Cohen's r value. The need for adequate exposure to targets and time to practice was highlighted, along with the value of revisiting targets and addressing individual student's needs when working in small groups.
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Rendall, Michael John. "Cautionary tale : a systematic review of understanding the police caution for adults in the criminal justice system, and an examination of increasing listenability of the caution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33083.
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Rationale: Research has repeatedly demonstrated that people have difficulty understanding their interrogation rights, as presented in an orally presented police caution. There has been a limited amount of research into possible means of improving understanding, with the application of linguistic, listenability, techniques to caution wording proving most effective amongst students. Methods: This thesis systematically reviewed research exploring verbal caution comprehension amongst adults involved in the criminal justice system, to isolate possible predictors of performance. It then assessed understanding of the Scottish police caution amongst people with an intellectual disability and if this can be improved using a modified (listenability) version. Results: IQ and verbal comprehension appear to have a positive association with understanding. However, the reviewed literature tends to use broad inclusion criteria that may increase confounding variables and reduce opportunity to isolate further possible predictors. People with intellectual disabilities performed poorly in assessment of their understanding of the Scottish police caution, even when the modified version was used. This was despite every participant claiming they had understood. Conclusions: The thesis questions whether the use of a verbal police caution fulfils the intention of communicating interrogation rights as required by law. It suggests more research into caution comprehension is required, with more specific inclusion criteria, to help better understand variables that predict understanding. The relationship between verbal ability and IQ suggest efforts to improve comprehension should be directed to people who have challenges in these abilities, such as people with intellectual disabilities. This should ensure any improvements can benefit a greater number of people. The thesis' empirical study suggests the method found effective amongst students does not extend to people with intellectual disabilities.
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Harcombe, Zoe Verna. "An examination of the randomised controlled trial and epidemiological evidence for the introduction of dietary fat recommendations in 1977 and 1983: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695333.
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Lima, Sergio Paulo Brasil. "Papel da angiotomografia no diagnóstico de morte encefálica: revisão sistemática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5138/tde-08082016-143237/.
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Introdução: Transplantes de órgãos ocorrem principalmente devido a doações provenientes de pacientes que apresentam morte encefálica (ME). Algumas situações limitam o diagnóstico de ME baseado apenas no exame neurológico, sendo necessário utilizar um exame de imagem ou gráfico para esta confirmação. No Brasil, o exame complementar é obrigatório por lei para todos os casos suspeitos. A maioria dos métodos complementares utilizados para confirmação de ME não está disponível em muitos locais do Brasil. Neste contexto, a angiografia por tomografia computadorizada (ATC) representaria uma alternativa, devido à presença de equipamentos de tomografia em diversos hospitais brasileiros. Porém, a capacidade de este exame reconhecer a interrupção da circulação intracraniana é desconhecida. Métodos: Realizou-se revisão sistemática para verificar evidência na literatura sobre o uso de ATC como teste avaliador de ME. Foram seguidas diretrizes de busca e extração de dados, sendo o QUADAS 2 utilizado para verificar risco de vieses e qualidade dos estudos. Os dados foram sumarizados para produzir metanálise. Resultados: Dez estudos com alto risco de vieses foram encontrados. Devido à falta de estudos controlados, não se obteve dados de especificidade. Trezentos e vinte e dois pacientes foram elegíveis para metanálise, a qual revelou 84,7% de sensibilidade. Houve variação de protocolos de avaliação das imagens de ATC entre os estudos, sobre a definição de resultados positivos ou negativos. Conclusão: ATC apresenta alta sensibilidade para detectar interrupção de circulação intracraniana entre pacientes com avaliação clínica compatível com ME. Este nível de evidência é similar ao de outros métodos utilizados no mundo. Há falta de estudos bem desenhados neste tema<br>Background: Organ transplantation depends more often of donation from brain dead (BD) individuals. Several complications make the diagnosis of BD medically challenging and a complimentary method is needed for confirmation. Additionally, in Brazil, the complimentary diagnosis is mandatory by law, despite there are still many areas where these methods are not available. In this context, computed tomography angiography (CTA) could represent a valuable alternative, because of its widespread presence. However, the reliability of CTA for confirming brain circulatory arrest remains unclear. Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify relevant studies regarding the use of CTA as ancillary test for BD confirmation. Guidelines for online search were followed, and the QUADAS 2 tool was used to verify study quality. Data from the studies retrieved were extracted aiming to perform the meta-analysis. Results: Ten low quality studies were found. Due to the absence of controls in all studies, specificity could not be calculated. Three hundred twenty-two patients were eligible for the meta-analysis, which exhibited 84,7% sensitivity. CTA image evaluation protocol exhibited variations between medical institutions regarding which intracranial vessels should be considered to determine positive or negative test results. Conclusions: For patients who were previously diagnosed with BD according to clinical criteria, CTA demonstrated high sensitivity to verify intracranial circulatory arrest. The current evidence that supports the use of CTA in BD diagnosis is comparable to other methods applied worldwide. Considering the importance of this subject, high quality studies are currently missing and needed
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Boast, Robin Benville. "The categorisation and design systematics of British Beakers : a re-examination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251489.
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Montero, Pérez Núria. "Strategies to optimize kidney transplantation: a systematic review of the evidence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668096.
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The objectives of this thesis are to evaluate the strategies for expanding the donor pool by using expanded criteria donors and for increasing patient and graft survival by optimization of immunosuppression strategies.
It is based on 5 published journal articles:
In the first paper: "Pérez-Sáez MJ*, Montero N* et al. Transplantation. 2017 Apr;101(4):727-745." the literature for the use of kidneys from older donors was reviewed and the value of the kidney-donor profile index (KDPI), a preimplantation kidney biopsy, dual kidney transplantation (DKT), machine perfusion, and immunosuppressive protocols was assessed. The main finding was that outcomes (survival and functional outcomes) achieved with ECD, high KDPI, or kidneys from older donors were worse than for kidneys from standard donors. Outcomes in studies that reported on older donors that were brain-dead or cardiac-dead were similar. Preimplantation biopsies and related scores have been useful to predict function; machine-perfusion techniques have decreased delayed graft function. Tailored immunosuppression in older populations may be useful, but no formal trials have been published. The main conclusion was that old donors constitute an enormous source of useful kidneys.
The second article is: "Montero N et al. Transpl Int. 2018 Mar 27. doi: 10.1111/tri.13157." Twenty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. The main results were that one-year serum creatinine was better after dual kidney transplantation (DKT) vs. single kidney transplantation (SKT), with less incidence of acute rejection and delayed graft function and without differences at five years. Mortality at 1 and 3 years was similar after dual or SKT, but mortality at five years was lower after DKT. One-year graft loss was similar between dual and SKT. In conclusion, based on few retrospective reports with a relatively low number of cases, this is a
systematic review updates information about the value (or not) of dual kidney transplants under certain conditions, and in the light of scarcity in organ supply.
The third publication is: "Montero N et al. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 9. Art. No.:CD007669. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD007669.pub2." is a
Cochrane systematic review that compared steroid avoidance or withdrawal versus steroid maintenance in pancreas-kidney transplantation. The main discoveries based on 3 included randomized controlled trials and 13 cohort studies are: no clear evidence of an impact on mortality, risk of kidney or pancreas loss or acute kidney or pancreas rejection. However, results were uncertain and consistent with no difference or important benefit or harm of steroid avoidance/early steroid withdrawal. Based on observational studies, the authors reported that steroid-sparing and withdrawal strategies had benefits in lowering HbAc1 and risk of viral infections and improved blood pressure control without increasing the risk of rejection. In conclusion, there is currently limited evidence for the benefits or harms of steroid withdrawal in pancreas- kidney transplantation.
The fourth paper: "Montero N et al. Transplant Reviews (Orlando) 2016;30(3):144- 153." This manuscript reports a systematic review of immunosuppression strategies in elderly renal transplant recipients. Given the different immunosuppressive strategies, none of the studies, including the 4 randomized controlled trials could be pooled. Therefore, it is not clear how the results can be utilized i.e., which immunosuppressive strategy provides the most benefit. Meta-analysis cannot be performed; therefore estimation of an average treatment effect for the older patient attributed to an immunosuppressive strategy cannot be ascertained.
The last included publication: "Montero N et al. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors combined with calcineurin inhibitors as initial immunosuppression in renal transplantation: a metaanalysis. Submitted article" is a meta-analysis comparing mTORi and CNI based immunosuppression with standard MMF/AZA/CNI immunosuppression in de novo renal transplantation. 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. A large number of outcomes are explored and discussed in detail. The main findings are: The incidences of acute-rejection episodes (overall), biopsy-proven acute rejections, and clinical rejections at 1 or >2-years post transplantation were similar across the studies. Patient survival rates, as well as allograft-failure rate, did not
statistically differ across the studies. In contrast to what was expected, kidney-allograft function was better with standard doses of CNIs combined with MPA compared to CNIs plus any dose of mTOR-IS. However, in the sub-analyses, renal function was significantly worse when mTOR-Is were combined with standard doses of CNIs compared to reduced doses of CNIs.
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Shin, Yeon Ho. "An examination of the systematic risk determinants of the casino industry." 2009. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/Shin_okstate_0664M_10189.pdf.
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王明傳. "Systematic risk in asset pricing with higher moments:en empirical examination of the Taiwan stock market." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94560068187726378979.
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博士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>企業管理系<br>92<br>Abstract
The main purpose for this study is to investigate systematic risk in asset pricing with higher moments, especially for skewness and kurtosis. The study takes two parts with different methodology to evaluate the effects for these two moments.
The first part is an empirical examination of asset pricing with the systematic skewness in the pricing model. Monthly rate of return on 132 common stocks listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 2000 are used. Recognizing the significant pricing bias from the traditional CAPM, we adopt the Fama-French (1995) three-factor model, which incorporates the firm-size and book-to-market ratio in asset pricing as the base case, and then includes the skewness factor used by Harvey and Siddique (2000b) in the pricing model. Four different measurements of systematic skewness are adopted for robustness tests.
The evidence shows that systematic skewness is significant and might be important in asset pricing when portfolios are formed by industry, firm-size, book-to-market, or momentum strategies. The empirical evidence also shows that for the three-factor model, the Gibbons, Ross and Shanken (1989) F-value decreases, and the R-square increases, after including the fourth factor, which is the skewness. When portfolios are constructed by momentum or coskewness strategies, lower momentum, or lower coskewness portfolios exhibit higher skewness and higher kurtosis. When portfolios are grouped by excess returns, it is seen that the average excess return is positively correlated with size and coskewness. Thus the systematic skewness is closely related to firm size. And the relationship between systematic skewness and excess return is obscured by the reverse firm-size effect.
Then, the second part, in addition to examine the effects of systematic skewness factor, the study further considers systematic kurtosis of stock returns on asset pricing as well. The traditional two-moment CAPM and Fama-French model with size and book-to-market factors included were used as base cases. Then the three-moment and four-moment CAPMs and Fama-French models with systematic skewness and kurtosis included were tested. In addition to the market models used to estimate the parameters of systematic skewness and kurtosis, some proxy measures obtained from a procedure similar to Harvey and Siddique (2000b) were also adopted. Following the Fama-MacBeth procedure, the two-step cross-sectional regressions were adopted to test the pricing models. Weekly returns for 132 common stocks on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period from Jan. 1991 to Aug. 2002 were used for empirical testing also.
The results show that the three-moment CAPM is significant, whereas the fourth moment is not consistent with the empirical data. In the case of the Fama-French model, the size and book-to-market effects seem to dominate the moment effects. Although the parameters are insignificant, their consistent signs confirm the existence of the third moment effect on asset pricing for Taiwan stock market.
Keywords：systematic skewness, systematic kurtosis, coskewness, cokurtosis, asset pricing, momentum portfolio.
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Kao, Chiu-Fen, and 高秋芬. "An Examination of volatility Transmission and Systematic Jump Risk in Exchange Rate and Interest Rate Markets." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12612462970389399790.
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博士<br>國立中山大學<br>財務管理學系研究所<br>99<br>This dissertation investigates the volatility of the relationships between exchange rates and interest rates. The first part of the paper explores the transmission relationship between these two markets using a time-series model. Previous studies have assumed that covariance was constant in both markets. However, if the volatilities of the exchange rate and interest rate markets are correlated over time, the interaction and spillover effects between the two markets may be affected by time-varying covariance. Hence, this paper utilizes the BEKK-GARCH model developed by Engle and Kroner (1995) to capture the dynamic relationship between the exchange rates and interest rates. This study uses the returns data for G7 members’ exchange rates and interest rates to test whether these markets exhibited volatilities spillover from 1978 to 2009. The results show bi-directional volatility spillovers in the markets of the UK, the Euro countries, and Canada, where the volatilities of the two markets were interrelated.
The second part of the paper explores the relationship between exchange rates and interest rates using a jump diffusion model. Previous studies assumed that the dynamic processes of exchange rates and interest rates follow a diffusion process with a continuous time path, but an increasing number of empirical studies have shown that a continuous diffusion stochastic model does not capture the dynamic process of these variables. Thus, this paper investigates the discontinuous variables of exchange rates and interest rates and assumes that these variables follow a jump diffusion process. The UIRP model is employed to explore the relationship between both variables and to divide the systematic risk into systematic continuous risk and systematic jump risk. The returns data for G7 members’ exchange rates and interest rates from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed to test whether the expected exchange rate is affected by jump components when the interest rate market experiences a jump. The results show that the jump diffusion model has more explanatory power than the pure diffusion model does, and, when the interest rate market experiences a jump risk, the systematic jump risk has a significant relationship with the expected exchange rates in some G7 countries.
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GODFREY, Christina Maria. "SELF-CARE: A CLARIFICATION OF MEANING AND EXAMINATION OF SUPPORTIVE STRATEGIES." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6084.
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Background
Considering ~9 million Canadians have one or more chronic health conditions, and >3.3 million report some level of disability, the burden of care is substantive for individuals and health system. With such conditions, self-care is essential but may pose challenges to both individuals and providers of care. As a concept, self-care is poorly understood. Further, evidence for effective self-care support is diffuse and typically studied relative to specific conditions.
Objectives
To investigate the concept of self-care three objectives were undertaken: 1) explore and describe the construct of self-care as understood by individuals/families, health care professionals, researchers, policy-makers; and industry; 2) produce new knowledge for health care professionals about interventions for self-care across a range of population groups; 3) develop a provisional framework to inform practice and research.
Method
A multi-phase enquiry was undertaken. Phase 1 Concept clarification including: 1) synthesis of qualitative evidence on the experience of self-care reported by individuals/families; 2) content analysis and definitional study of the meaning of self-care; 3) concept analysis of self-care; 4) creation of a conceptual schema encompassing these perspectives. Phase 2 Self-care Interventions: Integrative study of systematic reviews, synthesizing evidence for self-care interventions from multiple disease/impairment groupings.
Results
Three modes of self-care were revealed : ‘Care of self’ self-care performed on one’s own behalf; ‘care by other’ acknowledging individuals with disabilities who guide and direct care provided by another person; and ‘care of other’- care of families and others at a community level. Analysis of 30 self-care interventions across 16 conditions demonstrated that educational sessions and self-care management plans are emerging as effective strategies to support and guide self-care.
Conclusion
Self-care is a complex care concept that is becoming an expected element in today’s health care environment. A full understanding of how it is viewed, including the individual’s perspective, is vital for enactment and beneficial support. This comprehensive understanding of the concept along with evidence for effective interventions drawn from multiple groups will assist health care professionals to improve their assessments and provide them with strategies to support self-care needs –ultimately, contributing to enabling individuals to maintain their highest level of functioning.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, Rehabilitation Science) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-24 09:33:03.17
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Kuo, Chun-Hong, and 郭俊宏. "Morphosyntheses of Cuprous Oxide Nanocrystals and Au-Cu2O Core-Shell Heterostructures with Systematic Shape Evolution and The Examination of Their Physical and Chemical Properties." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48750263055328420778.
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Patrício, Madalena Folque 1948. "A best evidence medical education (BEME) systematic review on the feasibility, reliability and validity of the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in undergraduate medical studies." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7600.
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