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Journal articles on the topic 'Systematic metaphors'
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Thonus, Terese, and Beth L. Hewett. "Follow this path." Metaphor and the Social World 6, no. 1 (2016): 52–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.6.1.03tho.
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This paper examines conceptual metaphor use by graduate-student writing consultants in a university writing center. Our goal was to develop a taxonomy for consultant metaphor in asynchronous online consultations; to find evidence that consultants could produce deliberate metaphors as an instructional strategy when responding asynchronously by e-mail to students and their texts; and to compare these data with Thonus’s (2010) investigation of consultant metaphor use in face-to-face consultations, Results showed that writing consultants trained in the use of strategic metaphors employed them in subsequent consultations. In addition, trained consultants used deliberate, coherent, and systematic metaphors in all six categories of our analysis, and they exploited metaphors students had developed in their writing. In comparison with their pre-training metaphor use, the consultants demonstrated increased metaphor use after training and used metaphors significantly differently from consultants who had received no training. We discuss these results in terms of deliberate vs. non-deliberate metaphor use in writing instruction, and we consider the feasibility and advisability of training writing center consultants to employ metaphors — specifically coherent, systematic metaphors — as vehicles for writing instruction in an online setting.
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Flanagan, Brian P. "The Limits of Ecclesial Metaphors in Systematic Ecclesiology." Horizons 35, no. 1 (2008): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900004965.
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ABSTRACTThis article looks at two major metaphors used in contemporary ecclesiology, the church as “the People of God” and as “the Bride of Christ,” which have functioned in some of the polarizing debates within the Catholic Church in North America. It then suggests some methodological reasons why reliance upon metaphors in ecclesiology, either through the balancing of different metaphors or the promotion of a dominant metaphor, is inadequate to the task of understanding the church systematically. It then suggests some avenues for future ecclesiological method that may help to understand the church better and so to respond better to contemporary ecclesiological debates.
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Vicenzotti, Vera. "Mapping Multivalent Metaphors: Analyzing the Wildnis Metaphor in the Zwischenstadt Discourse in Terms of Political Worldviews." Nature and Culture 8, no. 2 (2013): 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2013.080203.
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This article presents an approach to mapping multivalent metaphors, that is, metaphors that imply competing values. It suggests that a metaphor's interpretative repertoire can usefully be structured in terms of worldviews derived from political philosophies. To illustrate this approach, the article analyzes how Wildnis (wild nature) is used to refer to the Zwischenstadt (hybrid peri-urban landscapes) in German language planning discourse. It thus makes a contribution toward interpreting and structuring this discourse. After outlining the methodological framework, the article presents certain elements of the interpretative repertoire of Wildnis by outlining selected liberal, Romantic, and conservative interpretations of this metaphor. It then interprets actual statements by urban and landscape planners and designers, reconstructing how they refer to various political interpretations of Wildnis. Finally, it is argued that the approach can benefit planning practice by enhancing frame awareness and by allowing for a systematic analysis of the metaphor's blind spots.
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Ivie, Stanley D. "Metaphor, Paradigm, and Education." Articles 52, no. 1 (2017): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040803ar.
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Metaphor is a critical tool for thought. Lying at the heart of every systematic body of knowledge are three root metaphors — mechanism, organism, and mind. Historically, schools of philosophy — realism, naturalism, and idealism — have grown up around these metaphors. The root metaphors and their corresponding philosophies provide the paradigms underlying different exemplars of education. To illustrate how metaphors, paradigms, and exemplars all shape educational thought, the works of three educators — Hunter, Piaget, and Bruner — have been selected.
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Sardaraz, Khan, and Roslan Ali. "A COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC APPROACH TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DEATH METAPHOR THEMES IN THE QURAN." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246.
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In previous literature, conceptual metaphor has been used as a comprehensive cognitive tool to explore systematic categorization of concepts in the Quran. Death metaphor themes have either been studied from rhetorical or conceptual perspectives, but metaphor interpretation needs both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. This paper will explore the function of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation in the Quran. This paper has used the technique of key words and phrases for data collection and metaphor identification procedure (MIP) for metaphors identification. Thirteen conceptual metaphors were found in the data. The key conceptual metaphors were analyzed through the lexical concept cognitive model theory (hereafter LCCM) to find out the functions of linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation. The findings reveal that conceptual metaphor gives only relational structure to the linguistic metaphoric expressions, whereas interpretation needs integration of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. Conceptual simulation of metaphoric expressions is a multilinear process of multiple conceptual schemas and language. The findings also reveal that LCCM needs the tool of intertextuality for clash resolution of contexts in text interpretation. This paper holds that meaning construction depends upon multilinear processing of conceptual schemas and language. Furthermore, it asserts that the gap in LCCM may be resolved through the tool of intertextuality in metaphor comprehension. This study suggests further studies on relationship between conceptual schemas and lexical behaviour and an elaborate model for text interpretation, combining LCCM and intertextuality. 
 
 Keywords: Cognitive model, cognitive semantics, conceptual metaphor, fusion, lexical concept
 
 Cite as: Sardaraz, K., & Ali, R. (2019). A cognitive-semantic approach to the interpretation of death metaphor themes in the Quran. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(4), 219-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246
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Pelosi, Ana Cristina, João Paulo Rodrigues Lima, and Pedro Henrique Sousa da Silva. "Metaphor as a dynamic complex emergence an analysis of the discourse of violence victims." Cadernos CESPUC de Pesquisa Série Ensaios 2, no. 35 (2019): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2358-3231.2019n35p57-73.
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Metaphor is here approached as a complex emergence which results from many internal and external factors such as those of a bio-psychological nature among others. Based on an embodied view which assumes that cognition results from "structural couplings that bring forth a world" (VARELA; THOMPSON; ROSCH,1993); it is assumed that socio-culturally shared beliefs, values and attitudes, individuals' life history, their affective and psychological states, besides embodied factors interact dynamically to cause metaphor emergencies to occur. Such metaphors might incorporate verbal language, gestures, body language etc. Having this view of metaphor as a basis, data gathered from three focal groups composed by volunteer violence victims are analysed. Findings from participants’ talks about ways they cope with the threat posed by urban violence, point to the emergence of several systematic metaphors. VIOLENCE IN FOOTBALL IS A REPELLING FORCE and UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS IS SEEING THEM are the two systematic metaphors analysed here.
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Forceville, Charles. "Multimodal Metaphor in Ten Dutch TV Commercials." Public Journal of Semiotics 1, no. 1 (2007): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2007.1.8812.
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Since the publication of Lakoff and Johnson’s Metaphors We Live By (1980), conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) has dominated metaphor studies. While one of the central tenets of that monograph is that metaphors are primarily a phenomenon of thought, not of language, conceptual metaphors have until recently been studied almost exclusively via verbal expressions. Another limitation of the CMT paradigm is that it has tended to focus on deeply embedded metaphors rather than on creative metaphors of the kind that Black (1979) discusses. One result of this focus is that relatively little attention is paid in CMT to the form and appearance a metaphor can assume (cf. Lakoff and Turner 1989). Clearly, which channel(s) of information (language, visuals, sound, gestures, among others) are chosen to convey a metaphor is a central factor in how a metaphor is construed and interpreted. A healthy theory of metaphor as a structuring element of thought therefore requires systematic examination of both its multimodal and its creative manifestations. Conversely, research into non-verbal and multimodal metaphor can help the theorization of multimodality.In this paper it is shown that creative metaphors occurring in commercials usually draw on a combination of language, pictures, and non-verbal sound. After an inventory of parameters involved in the analysis of multimodal metaphors, ten cases are discussed, with specific attention to the role of the various modes in the metaphors’ construal and interpretation. On the basis of the case studies, the last sections of the paper discuss three issues that are crucial for further study: (1) the ways in which similarity is cued in multimodal, as opposed to verbal, metaphors; (2) the problems adhering to the verbalization of multimodal metaphors; (3) the influence of textual genre on the interpretation of multimodal metaphors.
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Demmen, Jane, Elena Semino, Zsófia Demjén, et al. "A computer-assisted study of the use of Violence metaphors for cancer and end of life by patients, family carers and health professionals." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 20, no. 2 (2015): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.20.2.03dem.
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This study combines quantitative semi-automated corpus methods with manual qualitative analysis to investigate the use of Violence metaphors for cancer and end of life in a 1,500,000-word corpus of data from three stakeholder groups in healthcare: patients, family carers and healthcare professionals. Violence metaphors in general, especially military metaphors, are conventionally used to talk about illness, particularly cancer. However, they have also been criticized for their potentially negative implications. The use of innovative methodology enables us to undertake a more rigorous and systematic investigation of Violence metaphors than has previously been possible. Our findings show that patients, carers and professionals use a much wider set of Violence-related metaphors than noted in previous studies, and that metaphor use varies between interview and online forum genres and amongst different stakeholder groups. Our study has implications for the computer-assisted study of metaphor, metaphor theory and analysis more generally, and communication in healthcare settings.
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Heywood, John, Elena Semino, and Mick Short. "Linguistic metaphor identification in two extracts from novels." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 11, no. 1 (2002): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394700201100104.
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This article examines a series of issues involved in identifying metaphors in texts. Metaphor identification is, in turn, a fundamental part of the more complex issue of how to relate linguistic metaphors in texts to the conceptual metaphors of cognitive metaphor theory. In section 1 we list a number of general issues involved in metaphor identification. In sections 2 and 3 we examine two short fictional extracts from novels written in the 1990s (one from popular fiction and one from serious fiction), relating our detailed analyses to the general questions raised at the beginning of the article. We thus raise and exemplify a series of issues which do not have easy resolutions but which must be grasped (a) if a corpus-based approach to metaphor is to become a reality and (b) if the relations between conceptual and linguistic metaphors are to be fully understood. Interestingly, this attempt to be extremely detailed and systematic in turn leads us to comment on differences in aesthetic effects between the use of metaphors in the two extracts examined.
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Pelosi, Ana Cristina, Heloísa Pedroso de Moraes Feltes, and Lynne Cameron. "Urban violence in Brazil and the role of the media." Metaphor and the Social World 4, no. 1 (2014): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.4.1.02pel.
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This paper reports on analyses of data gathered from discourse interactions of two focus groups of Brazilian university students (n = 11) as they talk about urban violence in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. The analytical procedure follows Cameron et al.’s (2009) metaphor-led discourse analysis which focuses on the role metaphor vehicles play in the emergence of systematic metaphors in discourse. The findings highlight the trivialization of violence in Brazil by the media/TV, evidenced by the emergence in the talk of three related systematic metaphors: violence is a product manufactured by the media, violence is a spreading contagious disease and fear as a response to violence is a form of imprisonment.
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Sardinha, Tony Berber. "Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 11, no. 2 (2011): 329–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-63982011000200004.
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In this paper, I look at four different aspects of metaphor research from a corpus linguistic perspective, namely: (1) the lexicogrammar of metaphors, which refers to the patterning of linguistic metaphor revealed by corpus analysis; (2) metaphor probabilities, which is a facet of metaphor that emerges from frequency-based studies of metaphor; (3) dimensions of metaphor variation, or the search for systematic parameters of variation in metaphor use across different registers; and (4) automated metaphor retrieval, which relates to the development of software to help identify metaphors in corpora. I argue that these four aspects are interrelated, and that advances in one of them can drive changes in the others.
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Reza, Muhammad. "Metaphor in Mark Forster's Album LIEBE S/W." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (2021): 1998–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1888.
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This study is a cognitive semantic analysis of the conceptual metaphor of the song lyrics in Mark Forster's album Liebe S/W. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The theories used are the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) by Lakoff&Johnson (2003) as the main theory and image schema theory by Croft & Cruse (2004). The data sources in this study were taken from the lyrics of 14 German songs from the album Liebe S/W (2019) by Mark Forster. This study was carried out for the purpose of describing the characteristics of the metaphors, the types of conceptual metaphors and image schemes contained in the song lyrics in the album. Mark Forster's cognition as a singer-songwriter on the album can be seen with this study through a conceptual metaphor approach. Based on the results of the research, it is found as many as 52 data containing metaphorical expressions. Based on the analysis in accordance with Saeed's theory as a metaphor characteristic theory, it shows that there are 13 data with abstraction,15 data with conventionality, 9 data with systematicity, and 15 data with asymmetry. The ontological metaphors is the most dominant in the album. Data analysis using the Lakoff&Johnson theory shows that the conceptual metaphors are found as many as 32 ontological metaphors, 15 orientational metaphors, and 5 structural metaphors. The image schemes found are 20 containers, 4 multiplicities, 4 existences, 5 identites, 12 spaces and 1 scale. Some patterns were found based on theories, 1) metaphors with the characteristics of abstraction and asymmetry have ontological, orientational and structural conceptual metaphors with all types of image schemes. 2) metaphors with conventional characteristics only have ontological conceptual metaphor type with some image schemes, except multiplicity. 3) metaphors with systematic characteristics have ontological and orientation conceptual metaphors with image schemes, except identity and scale.
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Cameron, Lynne. "Responding to the risk of terrorism: the contribution of metaphor." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 26, spe (2010): 587–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502010000300010.
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This discourse-based study investigated semantic and affective aspects of metaphors used by people talking about background risk of terrorism. 96 members of the UK public participated in 12 focus group discussions, organized by gender, religion (Muslim / non-Muslim), and socio-economic status. 12,362 metaphors were identified in transcribed talk, coded for vehicle domain and discourse topic, and subjected to qualitative and some quantitative analyses. In contrast to negative, dominant metaphors found in studies of media and political discourse, 'ordinary' people use an intersecting range of systematic metaphors, including "GAMES OF CHANCE", "NATURAL WORLD" and "THEATER". Affect works across linguistic metaphors with various source domains, and in connection with non-metaphorical language such as reflection on action and explicit expression of empathy. Gender, religion and social class intersect in metaphor preferences.
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Kurtipek, Serkan, and Nuri Berk Gungor. "Determination of the Perceptions of Sport Managers on the Concept of Organization: A Metaphor Analysis Study." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 2 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i2.3934.
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This research aims to determine the perceptions of sports managers on the concept of organization with the help of metaphors. The sample of study consists of 45 sports managers. In order to collect data in the study, "metaphor form" was prepared to determine the perceptions of the sport managers on the concept of organization. In the metaphor form, the sport managers were asked to complete the sentence "Organization is like.....; because........". In the study, phenomenological design, one of the from qualitative research approaches was used. In the analysis of the data, content analysis technique was used. The reliability coefficient for the inter-participants was calculated for the reliability of the analysis of the research data and this value was found to be 91%. With the evaluation of the data, it was seen that sport managers produced a total of 34 metaphors. These metaphors were collected in 4 different categories. These are respectively "being systematic", "management", "purpose" and "division of labor". The most produced metaphors by sports managers are family, car, human body, and puzzle. Living, lifeless, abstract and concrete metaphors were generally used for the concept of organization.
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Cameron, Lynne. "Confrontation or complementarity?" Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 5 (November 29, 2007): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.5.06cam.
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Theoretical and methodological challenges presented by studying metaphor in its discourse environment are addressed. Complex dynamic systems theory provides a theoretical ‘discourse dynamics’ framework for describing metaphor in face-to-face conversation, and more generally, as a phenomenon that is at once linguistic, cognitive, affective and socio-cultural. Empirical data from post-conflict reconciliation conversations illustrate the procedures of metaphor-led discourse analysis, using metaphor to investigate patterns of talking and thinking. Identification of linguistic metaphors is followed by the extraction of patterns of metaphor use, which include metaphor clusters and ‘systematic metaphors’. Connections are made between metaphor in on-line talk, patterns of metaphor use in discourse events and metaphor in socio-cultural life. The final section of this article discusses whether the differences found between metaphor as hypothesised in conceptual metaphor theory and metaphor in real-world discourse reflect an essential incompatibility or can be used more positively in developing cognitive approaches to metaphor.
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Martín de León, Celia. "Skopos and beyond." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 20, no. 1 (2008): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.20.1.02mar.
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This paper deals with the main results of a systematic investigation (Martín 2005), supported by concordance analysis, of the metaphorical expressions found in Reiß-Vermeer (1984) and Holz-Mänttäri (1984), two works that in the 1980s established the theoretical foundations of German functionalism. Based on the cognitive theory of metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, 1999; Lakoff 1987; Johnson 1987; Lakoff 1993), the analysis led to the identification of two conceptual metaphors that played a crucial role in the articulation of German functionalism: the TRANSFER metaphor and the TARGET metaphor. The paper focuses on the main implications of the use of these metaphors and on the contradictions they create. A broadening of the functionalist theoretical framework is then proposed with the goal of overcoming these contradictions.
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Kalandadze, Tamar, Valentina Bambini, and Kari-Anne B. Næss. "A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on metaphor comprehension in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: Do task properties matter?" Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 6 (2019): 1421–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716419000328.
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AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulty in comprehending metaphors compared to individuals with typical development (TD). However, there is a large variation in the results across studies, possibly related to the properties of the metaphor tasks. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis (a) explored the properties of the metaphor tasks used in ASD research, and (b) investigated the group difference between individuals with ASD and TD on metaphor comprehension, as well as the relationship between the task properties and any between-study variation. A systematic search was undertaken in seven relevant databases. Fourteen studies fulfilled our predetermined inclusion criteria. Across tasks, we detected four types of response format and a great variety of metaphors in terms of familiarity, syntactic structure, and linguistic context. Individuals with TD outperformed individuals with ASD on metaphor comprehension (Hedges’ g = −0.63). Verbal explanation response format was utilized in the study showing the largest effect size in the group comparison. However, due to the sparse experimental manipulations, the role of task properties could not be established. Future studies should consider and report task properties to determine their role in metaphor comprehension, and to inform experimental paradigms as well as educational assessment.
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Reijnierse, W. Gudrun. "Op Zoek Naar Metaforen In Het Frans." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 83 (January 1, 2010): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.83.06rei.
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As a result of the increased interest in metaphor research in the last three decades and the need for a formal, systematic method to identify metaphors in discourse, the Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) was developed (Pragglejaz Group, 2007). This procedure aims to identify metaphors in an objective way by using a dictionary as a work of reference instead of the intuition of analysts. The procedure was originally developed on the basis of (British) English. The present study investigates to what extent it is possible to directly use this procedure for the identification of linguistic metaphors in French. An almost 40,000 word corpus was analyzed with the help of the MIP and this study discusses both dictionary related and language specific issues that arose during the annotation process. It is shown that the MIP can quite easily be applied to French, but that for some issues adaptations to the procedure are needed.
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Núñez, Alexandra, Malte Gerloff, Erik-Lân Do Dinh, Andrea Rapp, Petra Gehring, and Iryna Gurevych. "A ‘wind of change’—shaping public opinion of the Arab Spring using metaphors." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 34, Supplement_1 (2018): i142—i149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqy058.
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Abstract Newspapers create publicity, draw attention to topics, and try to gain thematic acceptance from the reader. To achieve this, they use linguistic strategies and select culturally and historically evolved encyclopedic knowledge sources. In our pilot study we explore the presentation of the events in the Middle East–North African region between December 2010 and November 2011 that were soon metaphorically framed as the Arab Spring. To this end, we use a text corpus consisting of 300 opinion pieces from five national German newspapers. To get access to the conceptual knowledge structure and the linguistic strategies, we combine text mining methods and cognitive linguistics. We focus on conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and their binary source–target structure, where the source domain reveals the underlying conceptual knowledge structures of the speaker. This research focus is justified by the omnipresence of political abstract nouns and by the consistency of metaphors—in particular, genitive metaphor constructions—within the corpus. We first annotate parts of our corpus for such metaphors. Then, additional genitive metaphors are automatically extracted using an adapted metaphor detection system. Finally, we use a clustering algorithm to group the metaphors by source domain. In the following manual cluster analysis, we show that conceptual metaphors are being used throughout the corpus in a systematic way to implicitly categorize and assess the Arab Spring.
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O’Shields, Kathryn. "Speaking figuratively." International Review of Pragmatics 11, no. 2 (2019): 235–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01102103.
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Abstract This article addresses two forms of artful language: similes and metaphors. It argues that their artful quality arises from a deliberate omission of information, requiring the listener to fill in the missing parts. Sentences of the form ‘A is like B’ have two uses: as plain comparisons (called similatives) stating that two individuals (item A and item B) are comparable and share properties, and as similes, which are intended as assertions that A is “B-like” in some way. The simile’s absent information is tacit assumptions about its second member, B. As a result, similatives and similes behave differently and have distinct syntactic interpretations. The absent information in a metaphor of the form ‘A is a B’ is a tacit analogy, A:X::B:Y. As such, a metaphor asserts a parallel between two unstated relations, not its two identified items. The tacit members X and Y create the structural framework for the metaphor. Because metaphors use different tacit information than similes do, the two forms require distinct interpretations. It is also shown here that the literal truth of similes and metaphors is irrelevant to their interpretations. Nevertheless, artful statements can be used to make true or false assertions. Their truth is determined by taking their absent information into account. Furthermore, similes and metaphors can meaningfully use negation, as plain statements can. Patterns in simile and metaphor usage reveal that there are predictable processes behind their creation and systematic methods to their interpretations. Once these are identified, the linguistic contributions of similes and metaphors become clear.
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Kimmel, Michael. "Optimizing the analysis of metaphor in discourse." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2012): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.10.1.01kim.
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This article presents a software-based methodology for studying metaphor in discourse, mainly within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Despite a welcome recent swing towards methodological reflexivity, a detailed explication of the pros and cons of different procedures is still in order as far as qualitative research (i.e. a context-sensitive manual coding of a text corpus) is concerned. Qualitatively oriented scholars have to make difficult decisions revolving around the general research design, the transfer of linguistic theory into method, good workflow management, and the aimed at scope of analysis. My first task is to pinpoint typical tasks and demonstrate how they are optimally dealt with by using qualitative annotation software like ATLAS.ti. Software not only streamlines metaphor tagging itself, it systematizes the interpretive work from grouping text items into systematic/conceptual metaphor sets, via data surveys and checks, to quantitative comparisons and a cohesion-based analysis. My second task is to illustrate how a good research design can provide a step-wise procedure, offer systematic validation checks, keep the code system slim and many analytic options open. When we aim at complex data searches and want to handle high metaphor diversity I recommend compositional coding, i.e. tagging source and target domains separately (instead of adopting a “one mapping-one code” strategy). Furthermore, by tagging metaphors for image-schematic and rich semantic source domains in parallel, i.e. two-tier coding, we get multiple options for grouping metaphors into systematic sets.
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Herrera-Soler, Honesto. "Conceptual metaphors in press headlines on globalisation." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 4 (October 25, 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arcl.4.02her.
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The systematic use of metaphor and metonymy in economics discourse facilitates reading and widens the scope of our understanding in the globalisation domain. The importance of metaphor in conveying ideology has been highlighted since Lakoff and Johnson (1980:34) and recent studies have shown in detail how ideology, particularly in press discourse, underlies conceptual metaphors (Hawkins 2001; White and Herrera-Soler 2003). The aim of this article is to identify and contrast the conceptual metaphors underlying the metaphorical expressions found on internet editions throughout 2003 in Spanish and British press headlines dealing with the subject of globalisation. Findings show that though the meaning of globalisation seems to be elusive, the perspectivation metaphor provides a good understanding of the way the press handles pro- and anti-globalisation headlines. On the grounds of cultural frames such as national stereotypes and economies, and newspaper ideology, no significant differences are found between the languages at the conceptual level. Nevertheless, important differences arise by virtue of culture specific imagery and value-judgements occasionally show a markedly cultural realisation.
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Musolff, Andreas. "Cross-cultural variation in deliberate metaphor interpretation." Metaphor and the Social World 6, no. 2 (2016): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.6.2.02mus.
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The distinction between ‘deliberate’ and ‘non deliberate’ metaphors has been developed within a five-step framework (Steen) of metaphor production. Deliberate metaphors invite the addressee to pay special attention to their cross-domain structure mapping rather than focusing primarily on the topical proposition. This paper presents results of a pilot survey eliciting interpretations for the metaphors a nation is a body/a nation is a person from an international sample of respondents in 10 different countries. ESL/EFL users from diverse cultural and/or linguistic backgrounds were asked to apply the metaphorical idiom body politic to their home nations. The responses show systematic variation in preferred metaphor interpretations, some of which can be linked to dominant cultural traditions, as well as evidence of polemical and/or ironic elaboration. Neither of these findings is predicted by classic conceptualist models that describe metaphor understanding as an automatic and unconscious process. Instead, when paying special attention to metaphoricity, informants seem to have chosen between diverse interpretation versions and in some cases to have elaborated them further to achieve social pragmatic effects. These findings provide new supporting evidence for Deliberate Metaphor Theory by highlighting deliberateness in metaphor interpretation and outlining perspectives for further empirical testing of metaphor understanding in specific registers and usage contexts (e.g., political discourse, EFL/ESL acquisition).
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Cian, Luca. "Verticality and Conceptual Metaphors: A Systematic Review." Journal of the Association for Consumer Research 2, no. 4 (2017): 444–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/694082.
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Mason, Zachary J. "CorMet: A Computational, Corpus-Based Conventional Metaphor Extraction System." Computational Linguistics 30, no. 1 (2004): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120104773633376.
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CorMet is a corpus-based system for discovering metaphorical mappings between concepts. It does this by finding systematic variations in domain-specific selectional preferences, which are inferred from large, dynamically mined Internet corpora. Metaphors transfer structure from a source domain to a target domain, making some concepts in the target domain metaphorically equivalent to concepts in the source domain. The verbs that select for a concept in the source domain tend to select for its metaphorical equivalent in the target domain. This regularity, detectable with a shallow linguistic analysis, is used to find the metaphorical interconcept mappings, which can then be used to infer the existence of higher-level conventional metaphors. Most other computational metaphor systems use small, hand-coded semantic knowledge bases and work on a few examples. Although Cor Met's only knowledge base is Word Net (Fellbaum 1998) it can find the mappings constituting many conventional metaphors and in some cases recognize sentences instantiating those mappings. CorMet is tested on its ability to find a subset of the Master Metaphor List (Lakoff, Espenson, and Schwartz 1991).
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Higgins, Colin, Wendy Stubbs, Dale Tweedie, and Gregory McCallum. "Journey or toolbox? Integrated reporting and processes of organisational change." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 6 (2019): 1662–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-10-2018-3696.
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Purpose Motivated by Morgan’s (1997) analysis of the “paradoxical” role of metaphors in understanding and managing organisations, the purpose of this paper is to assess in what respects organisations using integrated reporting (IR) are on a “journey” of organisational change. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses IR practitioner literature to interpret the IR journey metaphor more precisely. The authors then use in-depth interviews to assess the extent to which this metaphor captures how six early adopter organisations in Australia implement IR, and what changes result, over four years. Findings The journey metaphor implies substantive and holistic organisational change. By contrast, the authors find organisations use IR in contextual, instrumental and piecemeal ways. The authors propose a “toolbox” metaphor to help (re)present how organisations adapt their reporting to fit decisions already made, and challenges presented, through ordinary and ongoing strategic management. Research limitations/implications Morgan (1997) stresses metaphors are invariably used to both describe and manage organisations. The authors’ analysis identifies specific ways the IR journey metaphor is descriptively misleading. The authors’ “toolbox” metaphor suggests different ways organisations are, or could, manage IR to create value. Originality/value This is the first paper to provide a systematic analysis of the IR journey metaphors, and to assess in what respects this metaphor captures actual organisational practice. The findings also challenge the broader notion in academic research that reporting frameworks can lead organisational change.
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Meili, Iara, Eva Heim, Ana C. Pelosi, and Andreas Maercker. "Metaphors and cultural narratives on adaptive responses to severe adversity: A field study among the Indigenous Pitaguary community in Brazil." Transcultural Psychiatry 57, no. 2 (2019): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461519890435.
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The expressions resilience and posttraumatic growth represent metaphorical concepts that are typically found in Euro-American contexts. Metaphors of severe adversity or trauma and the expressions of overcoming it vary across cultures—a lacuna, which has not been given much attention in the literature so far. This study aimed to explore the metaphorical concepts that the Indigenous Pitaguary community in Brazil uses to talk about adaptive and positive responses to severe adversity and to relate them to their socio-cultural context. We carried out 14 semi-structured interviews during field research over a one-month period of fieldwork. The data were explored with systematic metaphor analysis. The core metaphors included images of battle, unity, spirituality, journeys, balance, time, sight, transformation, and development. These metaphors were related to context-specific cultural narratives that underlie the Pitaguary ontological perspective on collectivity, nature, and cosmology. The results suggest that metaphors and cultural narratives can reveal important aspects of a culture’s collective mindset. To have a contextualized understanding of expressive nuances is an essential asset to adapt interventions to specific cultures and promote culture-specific healing and recovery processes.
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Roche, Jörg, and Ferran Suñer. "Metaphors and grammar teaching." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 4, no. 1 (2016): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2016-0008.
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Abstract Despite the need for transparency and efficiency in explaining grammatical features to learners of a foreign language only very few systematic attempts have been undertaken to demonstrate the pedagogical added value of concept-based approaches to grammar instruction. The purpose of the paper is (1) to discuss the theoretical underpinnings of such an approach, to (2) present relevant theories of multimedia learning and (3) to summarize some empirical evidence on the efficiency of such an approach to language teaching and learning. The concept-based animated grammar, developed for German, uses a broad range of cognitive linguistic principles for foreign language learning in such areas as, for example, modal verbs or the passive voice.
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Reijnierse, W. Gudrun, Christian Burgers, Tina Krennmayr, and Gerard J. Steen. "On metaphorical views, dynamite, and doodlings." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 16, no. 2 (2018): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00017.rei.
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Abstract This paper offers a systematic, bottom-up, investigation of the role of adjectives as metaphor signals in metaphorical domain constructions (MDCs) such as ‘budgetary anorexia’ and ‘economic crash’ within the framework of Deliberate Metaphor Theory (e.g., Steen, 2017). To this end, we analyse all MDCs in the VU Amsterdam Metaphor Corpus. Results of our analyses demonstrate that domain adjectives in MDCs do not by definition constitute signals of metaphor, and that not all nouns in MDCs are identified as potentially deliberate metaphors. We identify three different functions of domain adjectives: (1) signal of novel metaphor; (2) signal of conventional metaphor; (3) non-signal. The analyses in this paper provide new insights into both the role of domain adjectives in MDCs, and the position of MDCs as a typical manifestation of potentially deliberate metaphor.
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Anh, Dinh Thi Mai. "An Investigation into Conceptual Metaphors Denoting Life in American and Vietnamese Short Stories." Journal of Development Research 1, no. 1 (2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.28926/jdr.v1i1.16.
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Metaphor has attracted the attention of scholars interested in language for more than 2000 years (Ning Yu, 1998). Traditionally, metaphor was viewed as a matter of language, only used in literature to embellish discourse (Kovecses, 2010). However, cognitive linguistics presents a different view of metaphor, stating that metaphor is pervasive and essential in language and thought (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). It is defined as understanding one abstract conceptual domain (target domain), in terms of another concrete one (source domain). The concept of life has been one of the most common target domains, which is hard to fully comprehend without establishing a set of mappings, i.e. a set of systematic correspondences, between this undelineated notion and other better-known ones. Therefore, this study attempts to probe into conceptual metaphors denoting life in nineteen American and nineteen Vietnamese short stories from 1975 to 1991 in the light of Lakoff and Johnsons framework (1980). The two sets of collected data, specifically 89 illustrations in English and 114 in Vietnamese, are compared and contrasted to find out the similarities and differences in the use of these conceptual metaphors between two languages, in the hope to contribute to foreign language teaching, learning, and translating process
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Hampl, Marek. "The container and force schemas in political discourse." Metaphor and the Social World 11, no. 1 (2021): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.18031.ham.
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Abstract The paper focuses on metaphors based on the image schemas of container and force that were employed by U.S. President Barack Obama in the campaign against ISIL (The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant). Systematic metaphors based on the schemas of container and force illustrate the strategy of the international alliance against ISIL’s activity. The strategy included the isolation of the organization, the restriction of the flow of foreign fighters and financial resources to the area controlled by ISIL as well as planning military operations designed to weaken the influence of the organization. The analysis has been conducted on the corpus of political speeches delivered by the speaker in the period from June 2014 to September 2016. Theoretical framework that is employed in the analysis of primary data is grounded in Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) which explores ideological aspects of discourse.
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Cates, Ward Mitchell. "Systematic selection and implementation of graphical user interface metaphors." Computers & Education 38, no. 4 (2002): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1315(01)00064-1.
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Zhang, Ying. "Examining the Application of Grammatical Metaphors in Academic Writing." English Language and Literature Studies 8, no. 2 (2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v8n2p108.
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English academic writing is a challenging task for Chinese EFL learners. For graduate students, they need systematic and explicit guidance to improve their academic writing competence. Grammatical metaphors are important resources for constructing academic discourse, and nominalization in ideational metaphors is regarded as the most powerful tool for achieving formality, objectivity, lexical density and text cohesion typical of academic papers. This article focuses on the role of grammatical metaphors in the production of quality academic written texts. It analyzes the function of grammatical metaphors in academic register and the application of these grammatical metaphors in creating academic meanings. The paper also provides some pedagogical implications for academic writing instruction for advanced EFL learners.
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Kaput, James J. "Review: Minds, Machines, Mathematics, and Metaphors." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 16, no. 2 (1985): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.16.2.0146.
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During the past two decades, corresponding roughly with the span over which the ideas and data of this book were assembled, a radical enrichment has occurred in our collective conception of what constitutes scientific activity and, therefore, what constitutes mathematics education research. These changes reflect participation in an even larger historical evolution that, while only in its infancy, has admitted new entities to the universe of discou rse and has asserted new domains to be subject to systematic inquiry.
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Krennmayr, Tina. "Adding transparency to the identification of cross-domain mappings in real language data." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 11, no. 1 (2013): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.11.1.05kre.
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In recent years much progress has been made in developing systematic protocols for finding linguistic metaphors in authentic language data. The description of conceptual structures, however, has not been placed on equally firm footing. One existing proposal, known as the five-step method, introduces systematicity to the process of determining conceptual structures of metaphors in discourse. However, it does not take sufficient steps to minimize intuition and to maximize transparency. This paper seeks to reduce these weaknesses by introducing the systematic use of dictionaries and a lexical database. The result is a more transparent and constrained method.
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Isobel, Sophie, Andrea McCloughen, and Kim Foster. "A frog in boiling water? A qualitative analysis of psychiatrists’ use of metaphor in relation to psychological trauma." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 6 (2020): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220946596.
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Objective: Tensions about the definition, diagnostics, and role of psychological trauma in psychiatry are long-standing. This study sought to explore what metaphor patterns in qualitative interviews may reveal about the beliefs of psychiatrists in relation to trauma. Method: A qualitative inquiry using systematic metaphor analysis of 13 in-depth interviews with Australian psychiatrists. Results: Three themes were identified: a power struggle between people, trauma, and psychiatry; trauma is not a medical condition; and serving the profession to protect society. Conclusions: Metaphors present trauma as a powerful force that people can manage in different ways. Psychiatrists may view trauma as a social rather than medical issue. Psychiatrists experience role pressure associated with trauma including incongruence with risk management expectations of their roles.
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Li, Tinghua. "The Metaphorical Expressions of Basic Color Words in English and Chinese." English Language Teaching 13, no. 3 (2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n3p84.
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This study makes a comparison of color metaphors about the similarities and differences between English and Chinese for few articles study the metaphorical usage of shared basic color terms in Chinese and English. The author makes a relatively systematic study of the color metaphors, which has some significance in the light of the cross-cultural communication, language teaching, language learning, as well as translation practice.
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Li, Tinghua. "The Metaphorical Expressions of Basic Color Words in English and Chinese." English Language Teaching 13, no. 3 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n3p85.
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This study makes a comparison of color metaphors about the similarities and differences between English and Chinese for few articles study the metaphorical usage of shared basic color terms in Chinese and English. The author makes a relatively systematic study of the color metaphors, which has some significance in the light of the cross-cultural communication, language teaching, language learning, as well as translation practice.
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Oliveira, Flávia Alvarenga de. "Playing through metaphors: an analysis of metaphor use in life simulation games / Jogando com metáforas: uma análise do uso de metáforas em jogos de simulação de vida." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 28, no. 2 (2020): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.28.2.871-891.
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Abstract: From consistent narratives to cutting-edge graphic design, designers have been investing heavily in making their items competitive in the market. Given the high level of interaction between the players and the games they play, it is to be expected that much of how real-life representations are built in our minds will, in one way or another, influence how we interact with virtual reality, impacting on the playability of a game. Studies on the role of metaphors in (video)games are rather recent and much is yet to be investigated. Through simulations of family life and school routine, for example, these games imply human behavior as systematic and goal-oriented. For this study, we selected popular free life simulation games available at a popular App Store for smartphones. When listing the existing metaphors, we noticed a systematic difference: while conceptual metaphors were multimodal, consisting of a combination of verbal and visual information, primary metaphors showed to be intrinsically monomodal, consisting of visual information. In this study, we argue that metaphors in life simulation games start off as text-dominant, but become image-dominant after some time. That is, players rely on both images and verbal cues while learning how to play the games, but after some time they can just look at the symbolic cues for information. We therefore propose that the classification for metaphors in games should be continuous and as dynamic as the game itself, since there seems to be a movement from text-dominant to visual-dominant metaphors throughout the games.Keywords: metaphor; games; simulation; multimodal metaphors; primary metaphors.Resumo: De narrativas consistentes a design gráfico de ponta, designers têm investido em tornar seus produtos atrativos para o mercado. Dado o alto nível de interação entre jogadores e os jogos que usam, é esperado que muitas das representações das quais fazemos uso na vida real influenciem, até certo ponto, o modo como interagimos com a realidade virtual, o que impacta, portanto, sua jogabilidade. Estudos sobre o papel da metáfora em jogos são bastante recentes e muito ainda precisa ser investigado. Jogos de simulações de vida que envolvem relações familiares e rotinas escolares, por exemplo, parecem sugerir que o comportamento humano seja sistemático e orientado a objetivos específicos. Para o presente estudo, selecionamos jogos de simulação de vida populares em uma App Store para smartphones. Ao listar as metáforas encontradas, notamos uma sistemática diferença: enquanto metáforas conceituais eram multimodais (consistindo de combinações entre informações verbais e visuais), metáforas primárias se mostraram intrinsecamente multimodais (consistindo de informações visuais). Neste estudo, defendemos que metáforas em jogos de simulação de vida começam como texto-dominante, mas, à medida que o jogo se desenrola, tornam-se visualmente dominantes. Ou seja, jogadores dependem de ambos os tipos de informação ao aprender a jogar, mas depois de algum tempo, a informação pode ser obtida ao olhar para os símbolos na tela. Por esta razão, propomos que a classificação de metáforas em jogos se dê de forma contínua, ou seja, que seja tão dinâmica como os próprios jogos, uma vez que o movimento de texto-dominante para imagem-dominante parece se fazer presente no decorrer dos jogos.Palavras-chave: metáfora; jogos; simulação; metáfora multimodal; metáforas primárias.
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Mārtuža, Eva. "Dieva īpašību atainojums latviešu tautasdziesmās teopoētikas kontekstā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 25 (March 5, 2020): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.390.
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An innovative view to theological texts as a literary genre has been established in research of the modern religions and designated as theopoetics, because, irrespective of whether a theological text is written in the poetic genre, in the form of a story or the style of a more dense, theoretical prose, it is based on the poesis: innovative, intuitive and an imaginary composition of the authors where the central figure is God. Therefore, approximately ten thousand recorded and published folk songs, as well as other Latvian folklore texts about God, are equal to theopoetics as a genre of creative writing with its specific expression tools. Folk songs are a product of purposeful human spiritual/intellectual activity and imagination, a typical cultural phenomenon of the relevant society, which helps to study the public’s views about the perception of God. To approach adequately to analysis and interpretation of such texts, in the late 20th century, a new method of research on religious texts – theopoetics – was established. Theopoetics is a method of analysing religious texts that encourages us to look at the ancient metaphors of God from another angle. It explores the language possibilities of figuratively creating God’s patterns, unlike the previous “scientific” God’s theories as the systematic attempt of theology to find God through the living (“incarnated”) God. Theopoetics theorists accept reality as a source of divine revelation as well as personal experience and metaphor-influenced divine understanding in various religions. This method allows to establish the essence and possible interpretations of the basic metaphors used in every individual religion: 1) critically weigh up the previous explanations of God; 2) study the interaction of applied metaphors, models and concepts within religion; 3) offers the potential of transformative, revolutionary models, using the language and metaphor layer that is widely understandable and used by people in everyday life. Research of metaphors does not impose objective or general criteria for assessing understanding of God; therefore, the aim of theopoetical discourse is not to prevent competing interpretations but to multiply the number of perceptions of God, to extend the emotional feeling, and to reveal new opinions. Folk songs figuratively represent God in metaphors and comparisons, but the theopoetics method has not been applied in the previous studies of God either because it is a relatively new methodological system, or because God’s perception in the folk songs has not been the focus of researchers of contemporary religions.
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Johnson, Cynthia A., Peter Alexander Kerkhof, Leonid Kulikov, Esther Le Mair, and Jóhanna Barðdal. "Argument structure, conceptual metaphor and semantic change." Diachronica 36, no. 4 (2019): 463–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.00014.bar.
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Abstract In contrast to grammaticalization studies of lexical verbs changing into auxiliaries, the realm of semantic changes associated with lexical verbs is an understudied area of historical semantics. We concentrate on the emergence of verbs of success from more semantically concrete verbs, uncovering six conceptual metaphors which all co-occur with non-canonical encoding of subjects in Indo-European. Careful scrutiny of the relevant data reveals a semantic development most certainly inherited from Indo-European; hence, we reconstruct a dat-‘succeeds’ construction at different levels of schematicity for Proto-Indo-European, including a novel reconstruction of a conceptual metaphor, success is motion forward, and the mapping between this metaphor and the verb-class-specific argument structure construction. Hence, this article offers a systematic analysis of regularity in semantic change, highlighting the importance of predicate and argument structure for lexical semantic developments.
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Silva, Priscilla Chantal Duarte. "Pandemic metaphors: bibliometric study of the COVID-19 (co)llateral effects." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (2020): e7809119636. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9636.
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The objective of this study is to analyze the (co)llateral effects of the pandemic in a general aspect, showing positive and negative effects. However, highlighting marked changes to the environment, given the time when the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere received a mandatory reduction as a result of social confinement. The methodological basis used is a systematic literature review, consulted in impact databases by the scientific community. We chose to search the Web of science, Science Direct and PubMed databases. The search keys were: pandemic, COVID-19, new coronavirus, effects of COVID-19. In addition, to analyze the presence of conceptual metaphors, opinion articles published in the world media, and published on the web during a pandemic were selected. The choice of texts is based on the theme of the new coronavirus and its impacts. The theoretical bias of Lakoff (1987; 2006) is adopted to explain metaphor on the cognitive plane, as a natural process of the human mind, that is, a way of thinking. This research is characterized in qualitative, bibliographic and analysis of content. The results show that the conceptual metaphors reveal an image of COVID-19 as the "savior" of the environment, for having forced man to stop as a need for carbon. It was concluded that the conceptual metaphors, being of a cognitive nature, appear in the form discourse, showing COVID-19 as agents of positive effects on the environment and business for the other areas of society.
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Goschler, Juliana. "Metaphors in educational texts: A case study on history and chemistry teaching material." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 7, no. 1 (2019): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2019-0006.
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Abstract It is by now a long established fact that academic and educational discourse (as any other kind of discourse) is full of metaphorical language. On the one hand, metaphors are part of educational discourse because of embodied metaphorical conceptualizations and therefore highly conventionalized and unconsciously used linguistic patterns (such as orientational metaphors like MORE IS UP or ontological metaphors like personifications), but on the other hand metaphors can also be used as a conscious teaching strategy in order to structure abstract things in terms of more concrete domains that are closer to direct experiences. In my paper, I will show that certain subjects in school are characterized by educational texts using highly conventionalized metaphors that are most likely not even recognized as such, whereas in others metaphorical language is less frequent and much less evenly distributed among the text. Based on the analysis of educational texts from history and chemistry text books for schools, I will show that these different distribution patterns of metaphorical language in texts point to systematic differences styles of thinking and teaching in the humanities and the sciences.
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Millar, Ross, and Helen Dickinson. "Planes, straws and oysters: the use of metaphors in healthcare reform." Journal of Health Organization and Management 30, no. 1 (2016): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-11-2013-0242.
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Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to examine the metaphors used by senior managers and clinicians in the delivery of healthcare reform. Design/methodology/approach – A study of healthcare reform in England carried out a series of semi structured interviews with senior managers and clinicians leading primary and secondary care organisations. Qualitative data analysis examines instances where metaphorical language is used to communicate how particular policy reforms are experienced and the implications these reforms have for organisational contexts. Findings – The findings show how metaphorical language is used to explain the interactions between policy reform and organisational contexts. Metaphors are used to illustrate both the challenges and opportunities associated with the reform proposals for organisational change. Originality/value – The authors provide the first systematic study of patterns and meanings of metaphors within English healthcare contexts and beyond. The authors argue that these metaphors provide important examples of “generative” dialogue in their illustration of the opportunities associated with reform. Conversely, these metaphors also provide examples of “degenerative” dialogue in their illustration of a demarcation between the reform policy proposals and existing organisational contexts.
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Ngoc, Pham Thai Bao, and To Minh Thanh. "The Application of Conceptual Metaphors to Teaching English Idioms to English-majored Students in Viet Nam." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 6 (2019): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0906.02.
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The discovery that several figurative idioms are semantically motivated by a common conceptual metaphor (CM) has opened up a path to more systematic and insightful learning. However, it was still unclear to what extent the elaboration of conceptual metaphors (CMs) could facilitate learners’ reception and production of idioms over time. To address this issue, a quasi-experiment was conducted, with the pre-test – post-test design, on a sample of 69 Vietnamese undergraduates. Results revealed that the explanation of CM was especially beneficial for the students’ idiom reception over time, and to a lesser extent for their use of idioms. Though not outstanding in the short term compared with the traditional method, this cognitive approach showed its relatively long-lasting value in terms of both idiom reception and production.
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Riswandi, Riswandi, Ellys Lestari Pambayun, and Rahmadya Putra Nugraha. "Corruption News in Online Media Post Amendment of the 2019 Corruption Eradication Commission Law." Jurnal Kajian Jurnalisme 4, no. 2 (2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jkj.v4i2.30034.
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The process of the new commissioner election and the amendment to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) received public attention due to the controversial agenda and arguably had weakened the KPK. The purpose of this study is to describe the discourse of Kompas.com, CNN Indonesia, and Republika.co.id regarding corruption after the amendment of the KPK law using Teun Van Dijk's critical discourse method and news text analysis unit from 21 December 2019-29 February 2020. The results found that at the level of macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure, the three online media discourse advocacy and support for the KPK and criticism of Joko Widodo's government in detail, systematically, and with minimal lexicons and metaphors, and represent public aspirations for the KPK as an independent institution in eradicating corruption. The results on the macro, superstructure, and micro-level showed that Kompas.com established defense and support discourse to the Commission to Eradicate Criminal Acts of Corruption through detailed, systematic reporting, without lexicons and metaphors. Contrastingly, CNN Indonesia emphasized on the facts of real actions taken by the Corruption Eradication Commission in combating corruption and the amount of losses. Moreover, Republika.co.id emphasized on the weakness in the revised law of the KPK and reinforces its hypothesis of the news with the proper metaphor.
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Börstell, Carl, and Ryan Lepic. "Spatial metaphors in antonym pairs across sign languages." Special Issue in Memory of Irit Meir 23, no. 1-2 (2020): 112–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.00046.bor.
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Abstract We analyze sign locations in 776 signs from 16 antonym pairs across 27 sign languages to examine metaphorical mappings of emotional valence (positive vs. negative) along different spatial axes. We conduct both an automatic and a manual analysis of sign location and movement direction, to investigate cross-linguistic patterns of spatial valence contrasts. Contrary to our hypothesis, negative valence concepts are generally articulated higher up than their positive counterparts. However, when we consider movement in space, we find that although signs generally move downward over time, positive valence concepts are associated with upward movements more often than their negative counterparts. This points to a systematic pattern for vertical valence contrasts – a known metaphor across languages – iconically mapped onto physical sign articulation. We similarly, but surprisingly, find a difference in movements along the sagittal axis, such that outward movement is associated with positive valence concepts more often than negative.
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Kotlík, Pavel. "Technology Roadmaps, Innovation Journeys, and Nanoworld: A Spatio-temporal Consolidation of the EC Nanotechnology Policy." Central European Journal of Public Policy 12, no. 2 (2018): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cejpp-2018-0005.
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Abstract Technology roadmaps have become an essential part of the European Commission’s (EC) nanotechnology policy strategies. They represent socio-technical landscapes and evolving pathways, suggesting the underlying or otherwise supportive metaphorical patterns and narrative structures. For the same reason, however, roadmaps are problematic assemblages: they can simplify and distort reality, and filter things that don’t fit. The presented study combines cognitive linguistics with narratology to scrutinise the European Commission’s nanotechnology roadmapping as a discursive formation. It targets the systematic metaphors in approximately two-hundred news and reports on nanotechnology, compiled ad hoc from the CORDIS database (between the years 1999–2015). It is argued that the identified metaphors correspond to a discourse topology of ‘locations’, ‘events’, and their structures, especially as regards to the dilemma of ‘path dependence’, overcoming ‘knowledge gaps’, and reaching ‘nanoworld’. These are accompanied by a narrative climax of developing mature science policy model, in the arrangement of actions and roles for the European governments, science (nanotechnology), policy, and the public. The study demonstrates how systematic metaphors engage all the actors in the narrative of ‘innovation journey’ to form stabilised structures of meaning, that is, spatio-temporal consolidation of nanotechnology policy. It is imperative to continuously assess the context of such consolidation, being less overt but not necessarily less effective, in privileging some meanings, interests, and practices over the others, thereby excluding other political alternatives.
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Siregar, Usmala Dewi, Syahron Lubis, and Khairina Nasution. "Using the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor to Understand Utterance Metaphorical in English Version of Surah An-Nisa." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 7, no. 1 (2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.7.1.2884.19-24.
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This study discusses the results of the analysis performed to determine the meaning of the metaphor in the Surah An-Nisa English version. This study is carried by applying a systematic method. Through the observation method followed by the note-taking technique, researchers identified the Quran Surah An-Nisa English Version 176 verses to find metaphors and analyzed the data with understanding the meaning of each utterance that appeared by finding keywords from the source domain of the lexicon and the target domain in one metaphorical. The results of data analysis were presented through formal and informal methods. The findings are abstract meaning that are constructed more concrete by God as guidance to humans through metaphorical utterances. The implication of this study helps people to understand the messages of the verse in the Quran, especially the Surah An-Nisa.
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Caracciolo, Marco, Andrei Ionescu, and Ruben Fransoo. "Metaphorical patterns in Anthropocene fiction." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 28, no. 3 (2019): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947019865450.
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This article explores metaphorical language in the strand of contemporary fiction that Trexler discusses under the heading of ‘Anthropocene fiction’ – namely, novels that probe the convergence of human experience and geological or climatological processes in times of climate change. Why focus on metaphor? Because, as cognitive linguists working in the wake of Lakoff and Johnson have shown, metaphor plays a key role in closing the gap between everyday, embodied experience and more intangible or abstract realities – including, we suggest, the more-than-human temporal and spatial scales that come to the fore with the Anthropocene. In literary narrative, metaphorical language is typically organized in coherent clusters that amplify the effects of individual metaphors. Based on this assumption, we discuss the results of a systematic coding of metaphorical language in three Anthropocene novels by Margaret Atwood, Jeanette Winterson, and Ian McEwan. We show that the emergent metaphorical patterns enrich and complicate the novels’ staging of the Anthropocene, and that they can destabilize the strict separation between human experience and nonhuman realities.