Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système bicouche'
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Claudé, Bruce. "Etude de la durabilité d'un système bicouche polymère utilisé pour le vitrage plastique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21380.
Full textHarb, Frédéric. "Etude d'un système biomimétique simple : diffusion brownienne et mobilité électrophorétique d'une protéine membranaire modèle insérée dans une bicouche lipidique supportée." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790343.
Full textCoutable, Angelique. "Incorporation de protéines membranaires produites par un système d'expression protéique acellulaire dans des bicouches lipidiques planes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0042/document.
Full textIntegral membrane proteins play an essential role in the cell integrity preservation (transport of nutrients and ions, signal transduction, cell-cell interaction). In order to study these proteins, they have to be produced in vitro. Classical production of integral membrane proteins in microorganisms present many difficulties associated with their complex structure and also toxicity problems, preventing production of many of them. Moreover, to be efficiently produced, these proteins require an amphiphilic environment. In order to overcome these difficulties, we used a cell-free protein expression system, unaffected by the physiology ofliving cells. In addition, we chose to integrate them into artificial planar lipid bilayers. In a first part, we have developed the integration of an integral membrane protein forming a pore, the alpha hemolysin, in a supported lipid bilayer. Some proteins require more space on each side of the membrane, therefore in a second part, we have developed a tethered lipid bilayer membrane by liposome fusion on gold surfaces. We demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate membrane protein Aquaporin Z under certain conditions. The third part is dedicated to the formation of biomimetic membranes using lipid molecules from Escherichiacoli, we show that the membrane composition do not affect the protein incorporation. Finally, we have tested alpha hemolysin membrane proteins insertion in suspended lipid bilayers membranes to show that these proteins produced by the cell-free expression system are functional
Harb, Frédéric. "Etude d' un système biomimétique simple : diffusion brownienne et mobilité électrophorétique d' une protéine membranaire modèle insérée dans une bicouche lipidique supportée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4073/document.
Full textAfter the genome, the new challenge is the proteome. We have progressed toward electrophoretic separation of membrane proteins in a medium that they love, a supported lipid bilayer. The main parameter, measured by FRAPP, was the diffusion coefficient of different objects (lipids, proteins). Studying bilayer behaviour has showed that, on particular supports and in a given temperature range, ripple phase can exist, despite the proximity of the support. Adding salt decreases coulombic interactions which turns to increase the diffusion coefficient over several orders of magnitude, reaching the value for a free-standing bilayer in the fluid phase, meanwhile the main characteristic steps of the global gel/fluid transition are still observed. Estimation of the value of the interaction energy has been made and compared to results of a preliminary DSC study. α-Hémolysin self-inserts spontaneously as an heptameric pore in supported bilayers and diffuses freely. Incubating in a gel/fluid mixture leads to protein complex formation. Diffusion varies with size as 1/R2, R being the equivalent radius of the inserted part of the object. Applying an electric field results in an electrophoretic motion where direction and magnitude are modulated by the charge of the object. Electrophoretic mobility varies also as 1/R2. Size dependence, magnitude of mobilities and a simple building protocol allow to hope carrying out soon a real electrophoretic separation of a protein mixture
Vert, Romain. "Elaboration par projection plasma d’un revêtement céramique sur un substrat métallique mince et de faible rugosité : usage d’une sous-couche d’adhérence nanostructuréeCo-encadrée par Erick Meillot et Gilles Mariaux." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/ad42416f-2bf9-4745-8e76-b4c77462f0aa/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4044.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work is to show the feasibility of manufacturing a thick ceramic coating on a thin metal substrate with a low surface roughness. The system will operate under severe conditions of temperatures (850°C) and mechanical constraints imposed by gas flow at 70 bars. The application lies within the framework of the nuclear reactor Allegro, a gas-cool fast reactor, developped by CEA. The solution suggested is a double-layer deposit made up of a nanostructure layer (approximately 450-μm thick) of the same composition, by conventional plasma spraying. This manuscript presents the methodology of the study and successively deals with the elaboration of the nanostructure layer and that of the double-layer coating. A particular attention was turned to the adhesion of the nanostructured layer, to that of the double-layer coating and to the link between the two layers
Lemaire, Gaelle. "Elaboration de Nanoparticules hybrides et multiphasées innovantes pour la délivrance de principe actif." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0054.
Full textThe limitations of commercial nanovectors or currently under development have motivated the development of new hybrid and core shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) for the control of molecular delivery.Therefore, new MSNP were designed for intracellular penetration (diameter between 30 and 60 nm, pore size of 2.8 nm). In order to make them hemocompatible and to control the kinetics of delivery of encapsulated active ingredients, these MSNP were coated with a lipid bilayer (MSNP+@SLB-). The lipid composition is inspired by the asymmetric membranes of the red blood cells.Since the MSNP+@SLB- technology has shown some limitations associated to the release of payloads which can be too fast (in the case of calcein) or to slow (case of rhodamine B), two major improvements have been made:1- The coating of SLB by an alginate nanogel, allowing an excellent control of the release of active molecules.2- Insertion of magnetic nanoparticles in the MSNP core, triggering the release of the active ingredient by hyperthermia.These new nanovector architectures enable the fine tuning of active ingredient delivery kinetics, reinforcing and expanding the applications of silicated vectors in the fields of biomedicine (oral and intravenous) and dermato-cosmetics (topical)
Amblard, Gilles. "Méthodologie de sélections de colorants pour microlithographie : application aux systèmes bicouches PMMA et PMGI." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20204.
Full textMöller, Gunnar. "Espaces dynamiques réduits en physique de la matière condensée :Systèmes à effet Hall bicouches, réduction dimensionnelle et systèmes de spins magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121765.
Full textOn introduit une classe générale d'états appariés de fermions composites. Ces fonctions d'onde sont exploitées pour analyser l'état fondamental des systèmes bicouches à effet Hall au facteur de remplissage total un. A partir d'une étude de Monte Carlo variationnel nous concluons que la transition de phase compressible à incompressible observée dans ce système est du deuxième ordre. Nous étudions également la question de l'existence d'un état apparié à demi-remplissage dans les simples couches. Ensuite nous considérons des schémas de réduction dimensionnelle de systèmes bidimensionnels sur la sphère vers des systèmes unidimensionnels sur le cercle. Un tel mapping est établi pour des systèmes libres et un candidat pour un système d'anyons généralisé est proposé. Finalement, nous analysons les systèmes de spins magnétiques sur réseaux bidimensionnels et discutons si un état de glace de spins peut exister en présence d'interactions dipolaires à longue portée.
Debret, Gaelle. "Etude par modélisation moléculaire des propriétés mécaniques d'un système membranaire : le canal mécanosensible MscL au sein de bicouches lipidiques modèles." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189606.
Full textLa compréhension de leur mode d'activation est un prérequis pour élaborer un modèle global du mécanisme de sensibilité à la tension membranaire.
Nous avons étudié ici les premières étapes du mécanisme d'ouverture du MscL induites par une diminution de l' épaisseur membranaire, ainsi que les interactions gouvernant ces changements conformationnels par des simulations de dynamique moléculaire. La comparaison de l'analyse en composante principale des tra jectoires et des directions données par l'analyse en modes normaux nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence de la membrane sur la dynamique intrinsèque du canal. Nous avons ensuite étudié des canaux MscL issus de différents organismes et présentant des sensibilité mécaniques différentes. Des différences significatives entre les comportements des deux systèmes plongés dans des membranes d' épaisseur variable ont été mises en évidence.
Ces différences nous ont conduit à explorer le rôle des différentes régions et notamment le rôle des boucles périplasmiques en construisant des canaux hybrides par combinaison de régions issues d'organismes différents. Les résultats obtenus confirment le rôle primordial des boucles periplasmiques dans la sensibilité du MscL.
Debret, Gaëlle. "Etude par Modélisation Moléculaire des Propriétés Mécaniques d'un Système Membranaire : le Canal mécanosensible Mscl au sein de Bicouches Lipidiques Modèles." Paris 7, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189606.
Full textMechanosensitive channels of large conductance are integral membrane proteins that permit the bacterium to survive when hypo-osmotic shock occurs. Their principal characteristic is to open in response to a mechanical stress : a tension of the membrane. Understanding their mode of activation is necessary to work out a global model of the mechanism of sensitivity to membrane tension. We studied the first stages of the gating mechanism of MscL induced by membrane thinning, as well as the interactions controlling these conformational changes by moleculardynamics simulations. The comparison of principal component analysis of the trajectories and the directions given by the normal modes enabled us to highlight the influence of the membrane on the intrinsic dynamics of the channel. We then studied MscL channels from various organisms and having different sensitivities. Significant differences between the behaviours of the two Systems plunged in membranes of variable thickness were highlighted. These differences led us to explore the role of the various domains and in particular the role of the periplasmic loops by building hybrid channels by combination of domains from different organisms. The results obtained confirm the fundamental role of the periplasmic loops in the sensitivity of the MscL
Piovesan, Annie. "Contribution a l'etude de la structure moleculaire de mesogenes thermotropes hautement ordonnes : transitions monocouche-bicouche dans des composes polaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF21042.
Full textLedauphin, Valérie. "Simulation par dynamique moléculaire d'une bicouche lipidique : développement d'une stratégie de calcul des interactions non liées : potentiel tronqué adapté aux systèmes non sphériques." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-473.pdf.
Full textSaitzek, Sébastien. "Systèmes multifonctionnels à base de dioxydes de cérium nanostructurés. Nanocomposites catalytiques CeO2-CuOx et bicouches CeO2-VO2 pour commutation en optoélectronique IR." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0014.
Full textCerium dioxide is known as presenting a large variety of physico-chemical properties: it can be considered as a multifunctional compound. We present two studies linked to two types of applications in which cerium dioxide is involved as a multifunctional phase: catalytic behaviours of nanocomposite systems CeO2- CuOx for gas sensor applications, optical responses and chemical stability of CeO2-VO2 bilayers for infrared applications. This last study is connected with new technologies like bolometric applications (IR camera). The first study consisted in preparing nanostructured systems CeO2-CuOx from low temperature routes (soft chemistry including sol-gel, low temperature processes). This nanocomposites were characterized from X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy techniques, BET analyses. Infrared spectroscopy associated with homemade equipment was then used to follow catalytic reactions in presence of gas mixtures (air-CH4 or air-CO). A modelling approach is presented to interpret the IR analyses and the catalytic site saturation, observed in the case of ceria based systems. The CuOx –ceria samples were then compacted and inserted in a homemade electronic system to analyse the influence of CO or CH4 reducing gases, on surface conduction of CuOx-CeO2 pellets. The results obtained from FTIR analyses and electronic measurements are found to be coherent: the copper additions decrease the durability of catalytic responses of these nanocomposite systems, however they increase the sensibility in the case of low Cu additions. This might be interesting for gas sensor applications. The second study deals with CeO2-VO2 bilayers obtained from sputtering techniques and deposited in Si and SiO2 substrates. RF sputtering parameters were optimised to deposit first VO2 then CeO2 thin layers. The role of CeO2 was to insure a protection of the VO2 layer from aggressive environments, without degrading optical responses. Starting from a low cost target of V2O5 , layers of VO2 were obtained. We show that these bilayers present a good thermochromic optical contrast (insulating-metal transition at 68°C). Ceria is known as being transparent for IR wavelengths and opaque for UV radiation. However, the emissivity depends on ceria layer thickness. These new bilayers present a double interest: they can present increased chemical stability (improvement of lifetimes), and they can be used to modulate infrared emissivity responses in the case of IR detection
Antlanger, Moritz. "Structures ordonnées dans les systèmes avec des interactions à longue portée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS010/document.
Full textThe central paradigm in the emerging field of metamaterials is that the properties of a material are in certain cases governed rather by the well-ordered spatial arrangement of its constituent particles than by the properties of those particles themselves. Since such highly ordered patterns can act as waveguides for acoustic, elastic, or electromagnetic waves, they can give rise to novel material properties, opening up new avenues in materials design. The central problem of how to produce the required ordered particle arrangements, e.g., via self-assembly, has received significant attention both from the experimental and theoretical sides.In theoretical studies, the interactions between particles are modeled via potential functions, whose shape and range have a profound impact on the formed structures. These potentials are often short-ranged, i.e., they are characterized by a rapid decay with distance. In this thesis, we focus on systems featuring long-range interactions, where particles interact over significantly larger distances than the mean inter-particle separation. Typical examples for such potentials are charged or multipolar interactions.In our approach, we first determine the ordered structures formed by the particles at vanishing temperature by minimizing the relevant thermodynamic potential. We observe a surprising plethora of different structural archetypes as well as novel phase transition scenarios. Then, we investigate the stability of these structures at low temperatures using Monte Carlo simulations
Weinberger, Andreas. "Systèmes modèles de membranes et potentiel de pénétration de polypeptides." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065966.
Full textAzouzi, Slim. "Interaction de molécules antipaludiques avec des systèmes membranaires biomimétiques." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1989.
Full textIn this thesis, we have studied the possibility to use membrane targets for the development of new antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, we have proposed an original protocol to study the mechanism of action of certain antimalarial drugs. Our work is based on the characterization at the molecular and nanoscale levels of the interactions between antimalarial drugs and membrane models mimicking parasite membrane. Indeed, using various biophysical techniques, we have shown that sphingomyelin membranes of Plasmodium could be an attractive target for many potential antimalarial compounds such as Cyclosporin A. In addition, we have demonstrated the importance of lipid membranes in the hematin detoxification that is implementing carried out by the parasite by incorporating these molecules in an inert crystal inert called hemozoin. Thus, the AFM observations have allowed us to visualize for the first time and in real time the formation of this crystal in a lipid bilayer. Finally, we have showed that the combination of antimalarial drugs with hematin could inhibit the formation of hemozoin by inhibiting of the insertion of hematin in the membranes (e. G. As in chloroquine) or by the increasing of the membranotrope effect of hematin (for e. G. Derivatives of piperazine ursolic acid derivatives)
Beauvais, Estelle. "Caractérisation de systèmes biologiques à l'échelle nanométrique : études des interactions entre des modèles membranaires et des agents exogènes." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067152.
Full textPapic, Zlatko. "Effet Hall quantique fractionnaire dans des systèmes multicomposantes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624760.
Full textEmerard, Jean-Daniel. "Utilisation de gouttelettes d'émulsion pour l'étude de l'adhésion spécifique entre deux surfaces fluides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00554288.
Full textSchneider, Susanne. "Synthesis and functional properties of triarylamine self-assemblies in conducting devices : electronic, ionic, and water transport systems." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF037.
Full textBased on the navel and highly interesting self-assembly properties found for certain triarylamines, together with the resulting conducting properties, this PhD project investigates the synthesis and properties of triarylamines towards the transport of electrons, ions or water molecules. The thesis starts with an introduction on supramolecular chemistry and supramolecular polymers, and then discuss in its second chapter the synthesis and properties of macrocyclic triarylamine analogues with interesting electromagnetic properties. ln the following third chapter this thesis work explores the applicability of triarylamines towards the biomimetic transport of metal ions and water molecules through lipid bilayer membranes. The last chapter of this thesis then deals with the fabrication of hybrid organic/inorganic conducting surfaces through doping of non-conducting surfaces with triarylamine assemblies
Ojeda-Aristizabal, Claudia. "Transport quantique dans le graphène." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112333.
Full textThis thesis studies some aspects of quantum electronic transport in graphene, the two dimensional crystal made of carbon where conduction electrons behave as massless relativistic particles. Experiments done in this thesis can be classified in two different regimes, a macroscopic regime where there is no quantum interference effects between electrons (the phase coherence length is smaller than the size of the sample) and a mesoscopic regime, where electron's wave packets interfere. In the macroscopic regime, we have made experiments that led us conclude the nature of impurities that limit transport in graphene. With magnetoresistance measurements, we could deduce the characteristic scattering times in graphene. Their dependence on the Fermi wavelength let us conclude that the main scatterers in graphene are neutral strong short range impurities possibly ad-atoms or vacancies. In the mesoscopic regime, we were interested in universal conductance fluctuations, the most important signature of coherent transport in a system. Correlation functions of the conductance fluctuations show us the strong differences between the physics of the monolayer and the bilayer graphene. We found that the amplitude of fluctuations vary in a similar way in both systems as a function of the Fermi vector. Finally, we studied the superconducting proximity effect with a superconductor, which is also signature of coherent transport. Using a current annealing technique, we induced a supercurrent progressively in graphene
Barbier, Julien. "Etude du mode d'action de la toxine létale de Clostridium sordellii sur le système neuromusculaire squelettique de vertébrés." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077134.
Full textHabibi, Amirhossein. "Small Conjugated Push-Pull Molecular Donors for Organic Photovoltaics : characterization and Devices Optimization." Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0008.
Full textOrganic solar cells (OSCs) generally consist of two types of organic semiconductors, one electron acceptor and one electron donor. This PhD work deals with the evaluation of electron donor materials derived from piconjugated push-pull molecules combined with fullerene derivatives as acceptor materials. This thesis firstly describes the fabrication and optimization of photovoltaic (PV) cells made from the small DPMA-TDCVpush-pull conjugated molecule known for its good solid-state hole transport properties and constituted by a diphenylmethylamine (DPMA) electron-donating group, a thiophene (T) unit as pi-conjugated spacer and a terminal dicyanovinyl (DCV) electron-withdrawing group. Different devices have been manufactured such as bi-layer or bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs with a conventional or inverted structure, and then optimized by adjusting the thickness of the layers, the weight ratio between the push-pull molecule and the selected fullerene derivative, and by using a solution or a vacuum deposition process as well. Conventional BHJ OSCs with PV conversion efficiencies greater than 4% could be achieved by co-evaporation of DPMA-T-DCV and fullerene C60. Then, new DPMA-T-DCV derivatives resulting from an extension of the pi-conjugated spacer or by replacing the T unit with a selenophene ring and/or the DPMA unit with its more rigid carbazole analogue, were assessed for PV. Finally, push-pull multimers were also tested in BHJ OSCs in the presence of PC61BM or PC71BM yielding photoconversion efficiencies up to 3.4%
Dion-Bertrand, Laura-Isabelle. "Signature optique d’effet Stark dans une bicouche de CuPc:C60." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11645.
Full textNowadays, the donor/acceptor (D/A) structure is one of the most popular configuration for organic solar cells. The charge separation mechanisms in this type of systems is now a hot topic of debate in this field of research. To adress this debate, we choose a D/A system made of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and fullerene (C60). In this work, we perform quasi-steady-state photoinduced absorption (PIA) measurements which consist of a pump-probe experiment where we measure the fractional change in transmission through the sample. This experiment probes the excited states of our molecules and gives us informations about the photophysics near the interface between the two materials. The measurements were mainly done at T=10K. We observe a strong modulation of the ground state photobleaching that indicates that the laser excitation induces a shift of the ground state absorption spectrum. This shift can be ascribed to two processes: either the pump is heating the sample (heat transfer) or charge are being created at the interface between the two materials (Stark effect). The temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum between T=10K and T=290K shows a thermal signature for a change in temperature of 80K. By calculating the ratio of the Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes peaks, we establish that the pump heat up the sample of 34K, an insufficient temperature to assign the change of transmittance to a thermal effect. We then evaporate our CuPc/C60 bilayer on ITO and sapphire, two substrates with different thermal conductivities and we observe the same signal thereby excluding the assumption of the thermal effect. Since our study bears a resemblance to Stark spectroscopy, we justify the use of a similar analysis by comparing our PIA signal to the transmittance spectrum of our molecules and its first and second derivative. We find that the signal reproduces almost perfectly the second derivative. Thus, we attribute the aforementioned results to an optical signature of Stark effect due to the creation of charges at the heterojunction.