Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système convectif de méso-échelle'
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Penide, Guillaume. "Mise en place de simulateurs d'instruments de télédétection dans un modèle méso-échelle (BRAMS): Application à l'étude d'un système convectif observé pendant la campagne AMMA." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532834.
Full textPenide, Guillaume. "Mise en place de simulateurs d'instruments de télédétection dans un modèle méso-échelle (BRAMS) : application à l'étude d'un système convectif observé durant la campagne AMMA." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22047.
Full textCoutris, Pierre. "Analyse des propriétés dimensionnelles et massiques des cristaux de glace pour l’étude des processus microphysiques dans les systèmes convectifs à méso-échelle." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC007/document.
Full textThe detailed characterization of ice cloud microphysics is key to understand their role in theEarth’s hydrological cycle and radiation budget. The developement of atmospheric models and remote sensingalgorithms relies on parametrisations derived from in situ measurements. These measurements are also usedby the aviation industry to handle the problem of ice crystal icing. This PhD work presents an analysis of themass and size properties of ice crystals observed in high ice water content areas embedded in tropical mesoscaleconvective systems (MCS) during two airborne field campaigns of the HAIC-HIWC international project.A new approach is developped to derive mass-size relationships (m - D) from size distributions and icewater contents. The retrieval is formulated as an inverse problem which waives the power law constraint, aclassical assumption that proves to be an oversimplification when applied to heterogeneous populations of iceparticules typical of MCS anvils.The horizontal variability of size distributions and the aging of MCS anvils is described in terms of microphysicalprocesses. The importance of the aggregation growth process is emphasized as it efficiently removessmall ice particles brought into the upper troposphere by deep convection and significantly contributes to theformation of large agregates, precusor of the stratiform precipitations. The analysis of mass properties revealsthat distinctive microphysical regimes may be identified from the m-D relationship retrieved in various conditions.It paves the way toward a statistical model of the effective density of ice particles as a function of environmentalparameters
Fresnay, Simon. "Prévisibilité des épisodes météorologiques à fort impact : sensibilité aux anomalies d'altitude." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986467.
Full textTaufour, Marie. "Validation et amélioration du schéma microphysique à deux moments LIMA à partir des observations de la campagne de mesures HyMeX." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30325/document.
Full textThe triggering and growth of Convective systems is a complex process that extends from the synoptic scale, with the establishment of atmospheric circulations promoting convection, to the microscale, with the formation and growth processes of hydrometeors. This PhD focuses on these finest scales and investigates the contribution of complex cloud-microphysics to the occurrence and morphology of heavy precipitation events. The two-moment microphysical scheme LIMA evaluated in this study takes into account the evolution of a multimodal aerosol population and the prognostic treatment of its interaction with liquid and ice clouds and precipitation. First, the contribution of LIMA is evaluated in comparison to the ICE3 one-moment bulk microphysical scheme, which is less sophisticated and currently operational in the AROME model at Météo-France. In order to measure the performance of this new scheme, two case studies of the HyMeX campaign were simulated with the Meso-NH model and compared to a wide variety of available measurements. The assessment of cumulative precipitation shows a moderate impact of each of these microphysical schemes, but the difference is more pronounced in terms of convective systems composition and structure: the two moment microphysics develops a more realistic vertical structure and introduces more microphysical variability. The evaluation also identified biases in the scheme (such as an overestimation of rain drop diameters). Some improvements to the implementation of LIMA were proposed and evaluated on the same cases. Then, the scheme is used to perform a sensitivity test to the aerosol population on the same case studies. Tests on the concentration of idealized populations have shown that aerosols do not only affect primary production of cloud droplets and ice crystals but also precipitating hydrometeors, causing impacts on the development of simulated convective systems in terms of cloud composition and generated precipitation. Simulations based on a realistic aerosol population initialized from CAMS analyses also showed a moderate impact on cumulative precipitation, but a more significant improvement on the temporal evolution of the system (intensification, dissipation) and cloud composition, leading to a reduction of rain drop diameters in the studied cases
Mathon, Vincent. "Etude climatologique des systèmes convectifs de meso-échelle en Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077099.
Full textCrumeyrolle, Suzanne. "Impact des systèmes convectifs sur les propriétés hygroscopiques des aérosols : analyse de deux cas d'étude durant la campagne AMMA." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/320/.
Full textIn West Africa, three types of aerosols prevail: desert dusts, biomass burning particles and sea salts. The mixing of these three types of particles may have consequences on atmospheric radiative properties and on cloud formation and precipitation. Within the framework of AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) and to better characterize these particles, an isokinetic inlet as well as an instrumental platform were developed and deployed in the French research aircraft (ATR-42). Two study cases (July SOP1 and August SOP2 2006) illustrate the impact of the meso-scale convective systems (MCS) on the hygroscopic properties of particles. The observed results show an increase of particle hygroscopic properties due to the coating of soluble elements (sulfate, nitrate and chloride). Then, the simulation of the first study case shows the mixing of soluble elements and desert dusts in aqueous phase (i. E. Cloud droplets). After evaporation, dust particles coated with soluble elements are released in the atmosphere
Waldman, Robin. "Etude multi-échelle de la convection océanique profonde en mer Méditerranée : de l'observation à la modélisation climatique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30361/document.
Full textThe northwestern Mediterranean sea, also named the Liguro-Provençal basin, is one of the few places where ocean deep convection occurs. This localized and intermittent phenomenon is one of the main modes of interaction between the deep ocean and the climate system. It is of paramount importance for the vertical redistribution of heat, carbon dioxyde and biogeochemical elements, and therefore for climate and marine biology. The PhD has been carried out in the framework of HyMeX programme, it aims at characterizing the ocean deep convection phenomenon in the Liguro-Provençal basin from the year 2012-2013 case study and at understanding the role of mesoscale dynamics and of the resulting intrinsic ocean variability on deep convection. The PhD work has first focused on characterizing the ocean deep convection phenomenon from observations collected during the 2012-2013 case study. We estimated the winter deep convection and spring restratification rates and an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) was developed to estimate the associated observation error. We conclude on the validity of MOOSE network observations to estimate the deep convection and restratification rates in the period 2012-2013. We characterize the period as exceptionally convective with a winter deep water formation rate of 2.3±0.5Sv (1Sv=106m³/s) and we estimate for the first time a spring deep water restratification rate of 0.8±0.4Sv. Two novel numerical approaches were developped during the PhD to characterize the roles of mesoscale dynamics and of intrinsic variability in the deep convection phenomenon. We implemented AGRIF grid refinement tool in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea within NEMOMED12 regional model to document the impact of mesoscale on deep convection and on the Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. In addition, we carried out perturbed initial state ensemble simulations to characterize the impact of ocean intrinsic variability on convection. After extensively evaluating the realism of deep convection in NEMOMED12 numerical model thanks to the 2012-2013 observations, we study with this model the impact of intrinsic variability on deep convection. During the case study as well as in the 1979-2013 historical period, intrinsic ocean variability largely modulates the mixed patch geography, particularly in the open-sea domain. At climatic timescales, intrinsic variability modulates largely the deep convection rate interannual variability. On average over the historical period, it also modulates the mixed patch geography, but it impacts marginally its magnitude and the properties of the deep water formed. Finally, we study with AGRIF tool the impact of mesoscale dynamics on deep convection and on the thermohaline circulation. In the 2012-2013 case study, mesoscale improves the realism of the simulated convection. We show that it increases the deep convection intrinsic variability. In this period as well as during the 1979-2013 historical period, it decreases the mean deep convection rate and it reduces deep water transformations. We mainly relate its impact on convection to the modifincation of the stationary circulation characterized by a relocation and an intensification of boundary currents and the presence of a stationary Balearic Front meander. Also, in the historical period, exchanges with the Algerian basin are increased, which modifies water mass climatological properties. Finally, the surface signature of mesoscale is likely to alter air-sea interactions and the coastal to regional Mediterranean climate
Biaou, Angelbert. "De la méso-échelle à la micro-échelle : désagrégation spatio-temporelle multifractale des précipitations." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001573.
Full textVan, Der Velde Oscar Arnoud. "Morphologie de sprites et conditions de productions de sprites et de jets dans les systèmes orageux de méso-échelle." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1191/.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the description of the conditions of production of transient luminous phenomena (sprites, jets, elves) in the mesosphere, which occur in response to energetic lightning discharges in thunderstorms underneath. During EuroSprite observation campaigns, a few hundred images of sprites have been obtained, providing information about event morphology, location and timing. Precipitation data from weather radar and cloud top altitude from Meteosat, as well as two lightning detection networks and a wide-band radio receiver have been analyzed. The methodology includes case studies and a statistical study over a large number of sprites produced by 7 different storms. The work focuses on the aspect of the intracloud lightning component associated with positive cloud-to-ground flashes, the link with the morphology of sprites, and the life cycle of thunderstorm systems. Additionally, a storm which produced a rare gigantic jet observed in the United States is analyzed in detail. The observed sprites were produced by mesoscale convective systems (MCS) during the expanding phase of the stratiform region. The cloud-to-ground flash sequences and the intracloud lightning component observed at the time of sprites confirm a large horizontal convective-to-stratiform propagation, as mechanism of charge collection, explaining displaced sprites. Sprites of column-type are produced with shorter delays than carrot sprites, and the shorter the delay, the more elements, their luminosity concentrating at greater altitudes. The gigantic jet appears to have been promoted by a certain charge configuration and lightning activity pattern, rather than a high cloud top altitude
Rousset, Clément. "Modélisation des échanges entre un gyre convectif et un courant de bord : application à la mer du Groenland." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066658.
Full textYates, Eddy. "Convection en région Cévennes-Vivarais : étude de données pluviométriques, simulations numériques et validation multi-échelles." Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0162.
Full textHydrometeorological data are analyzed to better understand and represent the space variability of rainfall in the Cévennes-Vivarais region. The analysis of raingauge databases shows that the statistical properties of rainfall do not depend on the localisation of the mountains for short integrating limes. But if the rainfall is integrated on longer time steps, its statistical properties are highly correlated with the topography. Numerical simulations show that shallow convection is very sensitive to atmospherical forcing, especially through the way the air masses "read" the topography. The impact of soil humidity is less important; it can nevertheless change the stratification of the atmosphere up to more th an 1 km. A method to validate simulations is developed. Il allows comparing the scale of the simulation errors with the scale of the hydrosystems. This method is tested with idealised rainfalls, then with real rainfalls but idealised simulation errors, then with real simulations
Besson, Lucas. "Processus physiques responsables de l'établissement et de la variabilité de la mousson africaine." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420498.
Full textFontaine, Emmanuel. "Masse des cristaux de glace et facteurs de réflectivité radar dans les systèmes de nuages convectifs de moyenne échelle formés dans les Tropiques et la région de la mer Méditerranée." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22527/document.
Full textThis study focuses on the variability of mass-diameter relationships (m(D)) and shape of ice hydrometeors in Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS). It bases on data base which were recorded during four airborne measurement campaigns: (i) African monsoon’s MCS (continent; MT2010), (ii) Indian Ocean’s MCS (MT2011), (iii) Mediterranean’s MCS (costs; HyMeX), (iv) North-Australian monsoon’s MCS (costs; HAIC-HIWC). m(D) of ice hydrometeors are derived from a combined analysis of particle images from 2D-array probes and associated reflectivity factors measured with a Doppler cloud radar on the same research aircraft. Usually, m(D) is formulated as a power law (with one pre-factor and one exponent) that need to be constrained from complementary information on hydrometeors. A theoretical study of numerous hydrometeor shapes simulated in 3D and arbitrarily projected on a 2D plan allowed to constrain the exponent β of the m(D) relationship from the exponent σ of the surface-diameter S(D) relationship, which is likewise written as a power law. Since S(D) always can be determined for real data from 2D optical array probes or other particle imagers, the evolution of the m(D) exponent can be calculated. After that, the pre-factor α of m(D) is constrained from theoretical simulations of the radar reflectivity factor matching the measured reflectivity factor along the aircraft trajectory. Mean profiles of m(D) coefficients, particles size distributions and Condensed Water Content (CWC) are calculated in functions of the temperature, and are different for each type of MCS. For the four types of MCS, it is shown that the variability of m(D) coefficients is correlated with the variability of the temperature. Four types of m(D) parametrisations are calculated since the analysis of the variability of the m(D) coefficients. The significant benefit of using variable m(D) relations instead of a single m(D) relationship is demonstrated from the impact of all these m(D) relations on Z-CWC and Z-CWC-T fitted parametrisations
Besson, Lucas. "Processus Physiques Responsables de l'Etablissement et de la Variabilité de la Mousson Africaine." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420498.
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