Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système de concepts'
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Brou, Marcellin Konan. "Base de concepts : contribution à la représentation et à l'exploitation hypertexte de concepts, le système CoDB-Web." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3019.
Full textEvin, Claude. "Les concepts fondateurs des droits des usagers du système de santé." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081937.
Full textTang, My Thao. "Un système interactif et itératif extraction de connaissances exploitant l'analyse formelle de concepts." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0060/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present a methodology for interactive and iterative extracting knowledge from texts - the KESAM system: A tool for Knowledge Extraction and Semantic Annotation Management. KESAM is based on Formal Concept Analysis for extracting knowledge from textual resources that supports expert interaction. In the KESAM system, knowledge extraction and semantic annotation are unified into one single process to benefit both knowledge extraction and semantic annotation. Semantic annotations are used for formalizing the source of knowledge in texts and keeping the traceability between the knowledge model and the source of knowledge. The knowledge model is, in return, used for improving semantic annotations. The KESAM process has been designed to permanently preserve the link between the resources (texts and semantic annotations) and the knowledge model. The core of the process is Formal Concept Analysis that builds the knowledge model, i.e. the concept lattice, and ensures the link between the knowledge model and annotations. In order to get the resulting lattice as close as possible to domain experts' requirements, we introduce an iterative process that enables expert interaction on the lattice. Experts are invited to evaluate and refine the lattice; they can make changes in the lattice until they reach an agreement between the model and their own knowledge or application's need. Thanks to the link between the knowledge model and semantic annotations, the knowledge model and semantic annotations can co-evolve in order to improve their quality with respect to domain experts' requirements. Moreover, by using FCA to build concepts with definitions of sets of objects and sets of attributes, the KESAM system is able to take into account both atomic and defined concepts, i.e. concepts that are defined by a set of attributes. In order to bridge the possible gap between the representation model based on a concept lattice and the representation model of a domain expert, we then introduce a formal method for integrating expert knowledge into concept lattices in such a way that we can maintain the lattice structure. The expert knowledge is encoded as a set of attribute dependencies which is aligned with the set of implications provided by the concept lattice, leading to modifications in the original lattice. The method also allows the experts to keep a trace of changes occurring in the original lattice and the final constrained version, and to access how concepts in practice are related to concepts automatically issued from data. The method uses extensional projections to build the constrained lattices without changing the original data and provide the trace of changes. From an original lattice, two different projections produce two different constrained lattices, and thus, the gap between the representation model based on a concept lattice and the representation model of a domain expert is filled with projections
Leenhardt, Pierre. "L'approche socio-écologique appliquée à la gestion côtière : concepts et application." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066591/document.
Full textCoastal areas around the world are under intense pressures from climate change, habitat destruction, and over-exploitation of marine resources. These different pressures can induce rapid changes in the state of ecosystems characterized by strong changes in biodiversity, with whole ecosystems ceasing to function in their current form. As a result, the sustainability of goods and services produced by coastal areas is no longer assured. This results in economic and social disruptions for populations whose livelihood depends directly or indirectly on coastal biodiversity. In order to understand these linked social and environmental interactions, the socio-ecological approach is increasingly used to illustrate the role of humans in the dynamics of coastal marine ecosystems and the benefits it derives from them. However, the majority of current research remains theoretical and few case studies applied to the management of coastal areas test this concept in a transdisciplinary approach. The main objective of this thesis is to fill this gap by exploring the concepts of the socio-ecological approach applied to coastal management. Thus, in the first chapter of this thesis, we summarize the challenges insights and perspectives of the socio-ecological approach applied to coastal management. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 focus on the analysis of the coral reef resource system and explore the social-ecological trade-offs revealed by a set of multiple driver’s scenarios in order to explore the potential evolution of the main ecosystem services of Moorea island lagoon in French Polynesia
Jelassi, Mohamed Nidhal. "Un système personnalisé de recommandation à partir de concepts quadratiques dans les folksonomies." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22693/document.
Full textRecommender systems are now popular both commercially as well as within the research community, where many approaches have been suggested for providing recommendations. Folksonomies' users are sharing items (e.g., movies, books, bookmarks, etc.) by annotating them with freely chosen tags. Within the Web 2.0 age, users become the core of the system since they are both the contributors and the creators of the information. In this respect, it is of paramount importance to match their needs for providing a more targeted recommendation. For such purpose, we consider a new dimension in a folksonomy classically composed of three dimensions and propose an approach to group users with close interests through quadratic concepts. Then, we use such structures in order to propose our personalized recommendation system of users, tags and resources. We carried out extensive experiments on two real-life datasets, i.e., MovieLens and BookCrossing which highlight good results in terms of precision and recall as well as a promising social evaluation. Moreover, we study some of the key assessment metrics namely coverage, diversity, adaptivity, serendipity and scalability. In addition, we conduct a user study as a valuable complement to our evaluation in order to get further insights. Finally, we propose a new algorithm that aims to maintain a set of triadic concepts without the re-scan of the whole folksonomy. The first results comparing the performances of our proposition andthe running from scratch the whole process over four real-life datasets show its efficiency
Sun, Yudong. "Résolution de problèmes dans l'espace d'états avec abstraction de concepts : Le système oasis." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10089.
Full textCharlemagne, Sébastien. "Modélisation et commande d'un système de transport de bande textile : application des concepts multimachines." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-337.pdf.
Full textBruneaux, Sylvère. "Etude des concepts logiciels et matériels pour un système interactif d'animation en temps réel." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333568.
Full textTalon, Bénédicte. "Un système d'aide à l'acquisition de concepts nouveaux pour un outil d'analyse du langage naturel." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD378.
Full textBenama, Youssef. "Formalisation de la démarche de conception d'un système de production mobile : intégration des concepts de mobilité et de reconfigurabilité." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0001/document.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse how the concept of mobility can be taken into account in the analysis and design of production systems. Our contribution aims to formalize the analysis and design process, explaining the decisions, the necessary information and decision criteria to be taken into account. For this purpose, two levels of analysis were distinguished: a local level concerning one production site and a global level including a set of sites.The first level considers one production site. At this level we have proposed an approach that takes into account the characteristics of the production site. In our context, the choice of the geographical location of production is imposed by the final client. Therefore, the design of the production system should be adapted to this constraint. From a design perspective, four questions are addressed: (1) To what extent the concept of mobility can be integrated into a mobile production system design approach? (2) What characteristics of the production environment must be taken into account? (3) How to determine what to produce on site or that it would be appropriate to outsource? And (4) taking into account all obtained information what is the best configuration of the mobile production system to consider and according towhich criteria? The answer to these questions led to the proposal of a configuration of SPM suitable for a single production site.The second Level of analysis addresses the problem of global mobility. In order to be profitable, the production system must be used on several production locations. every change of production location led to a need of reconfiguration of the Production System. Reconfigurability Concerns the internal architecture of the system (machine selection, recruitment News local teams, etc.) as well as the organization of the SPM supply chain. Fot this global level, we propose two analytical models: (1) the first model for the analysis of internal reconfigurability. This analysis model is used to adapt the number of production lines and the number of teams according to a production scenario (Geographical locations, necessary capacity per site). The originality of our proposal consists on the assessment of costs to support reconfiguration and the appreciation the convenience level with the context of the production site by using the mobility indicator. (2) Second model to analyse Concerns reconfigurability of the upstream supply chain of PMS. It Consists in June adaptation of the model using the decision "to do ou do" by integrating A side of the importance of the production site and another side Specifics Each of the production site.The proposed approach is illustrated on an industrial case concerning the design of a mobile manufacturing plant used to produce in-site and Install components of solar plant
Etien, Anne. "Ingénierie de l'alignement : concepts, modèles et processus : la méthode ACEM pour l'alignement d'un système d'information aux processus d'entreprise." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010006.
Full textNagels, Maxime. "Évolutions de quelques concepts de thermodynamique classique dans l’enseignement secondaire et supérieur en France au cours du 20ème siecle." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12005/document.
Full textThermodynamics was born in the 19th century through the work of Carnot based on the assumption of caloric. Later on, based on the work of Joule, Clausius and Thomson proposed the formalization we know today, introducing related principles and concepts such as internal energy or entropy. Their work also gives a mechanical interpretation of thermal transfer or “heat” and addresses the beginnings of statistical physics. But at the dawn of the 20th century, the theories of atomism and energetism compete and thermodynamics is one of the theaters of these confrontations. The early 20th century also coincides with a major education reform which will remain a reference until the 60s, to establish a new structure in order to answer the following question: is the method of teaching still adapted to the formation of the leading strata while science and technology are booming ? Physics will benefit from this reform. Indeed, this work studies the evolution of the teaching of thermodynamics from 1902 to 2010, for high school and higher education. This study focuses on the evolution of the concepts of energy, thermal transfer or “heat”, temperature, entropy and thermodynamical system. An analysis over four major periods, programs, textbooks and official events is proposed. This is to highlight the reason for such reforms, the changes they bring and draw conclusions for the teaching of thermodynamics
Gam, El Golli Inès. "Ingéniérie des exigences pour les systèmes d'information décisionnels : concepts, modèles et processus - la méthode CADWE." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363878.
Full textGhadakpour, Laleh. "Le système conceptuel, à l'interface entre le langage, le raisonnement et l'espace qualitatif : vers un modèle de représentations éphémères." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0049.
Full textTranier, John. "Vers une vision intégrale des systèmes multi-agents : Contribution à l'intégration des concepts d'agent,d'environnement, d'organisation et d'institution." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203489.
Full textMartienne, Emmanuelle. "Eagle : Un système pour la découverte interactive de descriptions de concepts basé sur la théorie des ensembles approximatifs." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2007.
Full textZellal, Nassim. "Proposition d'un modèle de définition terminologique : approche du domaine de l'informatique en langues française, arabe et anglaise." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030086.
Full textOur study seeks to examine the structure of terminological definition by systematizing its writing. We start from the general hypothesis that the terminological definition would respect a systemic general model. This one reflects the organization of constants which are extracted from a french, english and arabic corpus about computer science. These constants are generated by an abstraction and generalization operation which enables to identify partitive concepts and functional characteristics. Thus, each definition reflects a system of concepts and its relationships. In order to refine this model, we have identified specific functional schemas. This is the subject of our second hypothesis validation. The first part of the thesis describes, through our readings, a summary of the fundamental principals of the traditional theory of terminology which is also called the classical theory. In the end of this summary, we synthetically set out the main theoretical criticism expressed by the new terminological approaches. We then present the three constitutive aspects of the theoretical terminological triangle and we try to distinguish them from its linguistics counterparts. These distinctions are indeed essential because they allow putting the emphasis on the scientific status and autonomy of terminology. This part comes after the presentation of the various relationships between the concepts, within a system and the multidimensionality of the concept. We end this first part of the thesis by defining the “definition” with a proposal of a definition typology. We also present in this chapter fundamental recommendations about the definition writing, in order to rigorously define the subject of our study which is the terminological definition. In the second part, we present the domain of computer science, the reasons of its choice and its conceptual representation, in order to obtain a panoramic view. We then mark the boundary of its subdomains and the sample of concepts we have chosen by respecting a qualitative perspective. We then make a study of terms that designate the peripheral equipments and its components. The metaphor and synonymy are also set out and analyzed in this chapter in their various forms of realization. This linguistic study turns out to be fundamental because we have to take into account some linguistic constraints which concern the specialized vocabulary as well. The next chapter introduces the study of terminological definition
Raileanu, Silviu. "Proposition d’un modèle générique de pilotage pour un système à flux guidés : Application des concepts holoniques au transport intelligent (FMS/PRT)." Valenciennes, 2011. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/38191159-98bd-4bea-b774-7f2e39b5bf66.
Full textThesis addresses the problem of controlling a system based on physical flow in the field of FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) and PRT (Personal Rapid Transit). The flow is considered as constitued of "intelligent" entities which become "intelligent products" in the case of (FMS) or “intelligent vehicles" in the case of (PRT). A model-based on decision-making entities with regard to the control (SAE: System-based Active Entities) is offered. The SAE model is tranformed into an "holonic model" and a generic holon AGH (Active Generalized Holon) is introduced as an holonic component of foundation. Then, the HSAE holonic model (Holonic System-based Active Entities) for the control of an “intelligent” physical flow is proposed. This model puts the emphasis on the "flow holon" (FH) which allos to model, for instance, an “intelligent” product or an “intelligent” vehicle. The "flow holon" is able of making decisions with regard to the process allocation and/or routing. The HSAE model includes a static part and a behaviour part. This last part is based on the concept of "open-control". It combines an explicit control of type "master-slave" with an implicit control based on “influence” of the behaviour of entities. HSAE model is then the object of an experimental study to assess its validity. Experimentation wase performed on the flexible cell of the CIMR laboratory in Bucharest (Romania) for the field of FMS and on the platform AIP-PRIMECA Nord-Pas de Calais of Valenciennes (France) for the field of PRT. HSAE model has been of great usefulness in acting as a reference frame in the elaboration of the control architectures adopted in both fields of studies
Décaudin, Jean-Marc. "Le choix de la forme de publicité multinationale : concepts, mesures et proposition d'un système d'aide à la décision automatisé." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10007.
Full textThis study deals with a definition of a selecting method of multinational advertising organization (localized advertising, standardized advertising or intermediate organization). An automatic decision system was developed. This system was tested for measuring its prediction validity
Pouliquen, Bruno. "Indexation de textes médicaux par extraction de concepts, et ses utilisations." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932922.
Full textEtien, Anne. "L'ingénierie de l'alignement : Concepts, Modèles et Processus.La méthode ACEM pour la correction et l'évolution d'un système d'information aux processus d'entreprise." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135753.
Full textprocessus d'entreprise et leur système d'information doivent évoluer de concert, ce qui n'est
pas aisé. Bien souvent, l'évolution se fait de manière séparée voire divergente. Or, une rupture
de la relation d'alignement entre système et processus entraîne une baisse de la performance
de l'organisation. L'organisation a donc besoin de maîtriser l'évolution conjointe du système
et des processus, ce qui suppose de savoir si le système et les processus gèrent la même
information ou permettent d'atteindre les mêmes buts, pour pouvoir ensuite corriger le
système ou les processus. Les directeurs de systèmes d'information considèrent le problème
de l'alignement comme leur priorité absolue mais ils admettent qu'il reste encore mal posé et,
a fortiori, mal résolu.
De nombreux chercheurs s'intéressent au problème de l'alignement, le plus souvent sous
l'angle de l'alignement de la politique du développement du système d'information sur la
politique de développement de l'entreprise (alignement stratégique). Nous proposons de nous
écarter de cette vision réductrice en abordant le problème de l'alignement, de façon
rigoureuse et formelle, dans un contexte d'évolution qui correspond à la réalité quotidienne
des organisations et permet de mieux comprendre les enjeux et les concepts de l'ingénierie de
l'alignement.
Cette thèse apporte des réponses au problème de l'alignement et de son maintien au cours du
temps. Nous définissons précisément et formellement les concepts nécessaires à la mesure, à
la correction et à l'évolution de l'alignement entre un système et des processus d'entreprise.
Ainsi, nous proposons dix métriques permettant d'évaluer différents aspects complémentaires
de la relation d'alignement. Ces métriques sont bâties sur l'utilisation de modèles pour
représenter le système et les processus d'entreprise et la définition de deux types de liens
entre les concepts de ces modèles.
Nous proposons également une méthode, la méthode ACEM (Alignment Correction and
Evolution Method), pour corriger l'alignement et faire évoluer conjointement le système et les
processus d'entreprise. Cette méthode matérialise la relation d'alignement à un niveau
intentionnel par le biais d'un modèle pivot. Elle guide les ingénieurs d'alignement dans la
réalisation des différentes étapes du processus tout en leur laissant une grande liberté de
choix. L'ingénieur fait évoluer le modèle pivot en exprimant explicitement les exigences
d'évolution sous forme d'opérateurs d'écart.
Ces métriques et ces opérateurs doivent pouvoir être utilisés dans des contextes variés. C'est
pourquoi nous les avons définis à un niveau générique, indépendamment de tout méta-modèle
spécifique. Des processus permettent de les générer de façon rigoureuse et aisée pour des
méta-modèles particuliers sans faire appel aux connaissances des ingénieurs ou aux
particularités d'un projet ou d'une méthode.
Allouche, Jean-Marc. "Etude de la problématique, méthologies et concepts d'un système de navigation autonome d'un véhicule : application au contrôle continu de route." Université Paul Cézanne (Aix-Marseille). Faculté des sciences et techniques de Saint-Jérôme, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30064.
Full textHammoudi, Slimane. "Hyper-agenda : un système d'aide à la réalisation de tâches : Conceptualisation, spécification et représentation." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20128.
Full textHarriet, Loïc. "L'intelligence économique à la lumière des concepts managériaux : l'étude de cas d'une entreprise du secteur énergétique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0193/document.
Full text"L'intelligence économique" is presented as a French conceptual exception after at a time of translations various English terms but also an aggregation of organizational functions related to information. These heteroclite bases are combined to an effervescent practice, “l’intelligence économique” never ceasing to develop in various forms in organizations. This thesis aims to propose a new theoretical basis for these experiments based on the managerial concepts through a case study of Gaz de Bordeaux, an energy firm. As part of an exploratory will based on a qualitative, the objective is to propose a definition based on the Management Science theories of asymmetric information, system and value
Abo, Al-Kheer Abd Al-Kareem. "Intégration des concepts d'optimisation et de fiabilité dans la conception des machines agricoles." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00563690.
Full textAbo, Al-Kheer Abd Al-Kareem. "Intégration des concepts d’optimisation et de fiabilité dans la conception des machines agricoles." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAM0024/document.
Full textAgricultural machines should be designed to be optimal, reliable and have thecapacity to resist failure by fatigue. Although, the deterministic design approach does not guarantee these requirements, it is traditionally applied in the design of agricultural machines. This is due to the difficulties to model the stochastic nature of the forces acting on agricultural machines, especially the forces acting on tillage machines which work in irregular environment and under varying conditions. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to develop a general framework for the design of agricultural machines by integrating the optimization, the reliability and the fatigue tools. We aim to provide an alternative to the traditional deterministic design one. First, this dissertation proposes methods and models for modeling the variability in tillage forces considering both thevariability in tillage system parameters and the soil failure. Second, based on the available methods in reliability-based design optimization and fatigue analysis approaches, itproposes methodologies for the design of agricultural machines. Throughout the dissertation, the developed approaches are applied to the design of the shack of a chisel plough
Berisha, Suela. "L'apport des concepts du Web sémantique et normes associées aux échanges inter applicatifs dans un SI d'entreprise ou RECAP (Référentiels et connecteurs a priori)." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0073.
Full textThis thesis came about a very large and complex Enterprise Information System (EIS) containing a huge amount of information that moves through a company consisted of a main group and about fifty subsidiaries. At the beginning, computer science resources of each business unit stored structured data, according to a local business logic. The descriptions of these sources, intended first of all for computer specialists, were saved in text documents. They were not meant to help system sharing and understanding by different types of actors, who provide the business content. It's also true for the enterprise repositories, which contain fundamental business knowledge. Thus, finding the relevant information allowing fast and easy access to sources that meet the expectations and constraints of business actors, became a main problematic of IS. Since ten years, our company aims to address this problem by a strategic approach of IS governance included in the process of the IS planning. We are involved in the activity of business data repositories brought under control and information exchanges standardization and simplification between applications. Our goal is to provide a strategic view of knowledge sharing by promoting the IS actor collaboration in a business process context, or in business activity. To achieve this, we propose an approach for the construction of a layer of the IS based on new functional concepts: the "Reference Enterprise Repository (RER)" and " a priori connectors ". The first is about a transverse enterprise repository corresponding to a business context. The second is logical connections ensuring interoperability between applications that weren’t designed to coexist. From a technological point of view, the RER is based on semantic modelling and the knowledge representation. The "a priori connectors" involve integration technologies of Semantic Web Services. The thesis develops skills such as service-oriented middleware architectures, modelling semantics of documents, modelling IS and Information Retrieval (IR) techniques. All these subjects are part of the DRIM (Distribution and Multimedia Information Retrieval) team’s scientific project of the Department "Information, Knowledge and Services' at the LIRIS (Laboratoire d'Informatique en Images and Systems information), CNRS UMR 5205
Gomes, Alex Sandro. "Développement conceptuel consécutif à l'activité instrumentée : l'utilisation d'un système informatique de géométrie dynamique au collège." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H058.
Full textWeil, Georges. "L'hôpital au service du malade : transfert des concepts, des méthodes, des outils de la gestion de la production." Grenoble 1, 1990. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00337856.
Full textSadou, Nabil. "Aide à la conception des systèmes embarqués sûrs de fonctionnement." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00192045.
Full textMula, Rachmat. "Modélisation tri-dimensionnelle de la croissance du système racinaire des plantes en milieu hétérogène avec un automate voxellaire : concepts de modélisation et application à des arbres en agroforesterie." Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0017.
Full textDynamic models of root systems should link the pattern of carbon allocation to different parts of the root system and the efficiency of belowground resources capture. Such a model could predict the dynamic growth of root systems in 3D heterogeneous soils. We present such a ‘parsimonious’ model with only six parameters, based on the voxel automata approach. Evidence for the need of such a model was provided by a field study of the spatial root distributions of two tree species, hybrid walnut trees (Juglans nigra x regia cv NG23) and hybrid poplars (Populus euramericana cv I214) cultivated with or without the competition with winter intercrops in southern France. Tree root distributions in the agroforestry plots were much deeper than those observed in the forestry plots, and/or extended laterally beneath the crop zone. More evidence of root plasticity was provided by pot experiments with heterogeneous substrates, or by enriching a small patch in water and/or nitrogen inside the container. The voxel automaton simulates both fine and coarse root growth, and automatically generates its topology. Both the control of ‘genetic’ and environmental factors are incorporated in the root growth process. Container experiments and a split-root experiment were used to parameterise the model for hybrid walnut trees (Juglans hindsii x regia) and wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L. ). The estimated parameter values for walnut and wild cherry trees allow the voxel automata model to be used to predict root patterns of both tree species in various heterogeneous soil experiments. For this purpose, an integration of the root model into a model of tree growth is necessary
Gorisse, Benoît. "étude d'éléments de base et de concepts pour un numériseur à très large bande passante et à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271255.
Full textBoulouet, Henri. "Systémique Relativisée : essences des conceptualisations relativisées du Réel." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0020/document.
Full textThe idea of ‘system’ is pervasive in our descriptions and in our projects. The impossibility to come up with a generally and scientifically valid definition of this idea touches the most profound features of the classical conceptualization, those that underlie the current languages, the grammars and the classical logic. These features are rigidly tied with the belief that what we know is what ‘really’ exists, such as we know it. But this belief is refuted by microphysics, where it appears that that we create our knowledge entirely, as much the ‘entities’ that we examine as the qualifications of these entities. The Method of Relativized Conceptualisation of M. Mugur-Schächter establishes that the processes of creation of knowledge are subjected to relativizations, and that making them explicit clarifies the involved significances and permit to dominate the finalities. It is surprising to perceive to what a point the relativizations required by the method winds up the ambiguities commonly tied up to the idea of system. But such a clarification requires first to bring into light the relativizations acting in the conceptual-factual genesis of such basic concepts as persistence, continuity, state or causality. It brings about the relativized redefinitions of the concepts oflaw of probability, of entropy and of complexity. The global result is called Relativised Systemic (RS). It possesses the character of a methodological infra-frame for the design of technical-scientific constructivist methods, specifically appropriate for particular domains of application, such as the Relativised System Engineering method (RSE), dedicated to the design of utilitarian artefacts
Ingremeau, Jean-Jacques. "Méthodologie d'optimisation d'un coeur de réacteur à neutrons rapides, application à l'identification de solutions (combustible, coeur, système) permettant des performances accrues : étude de trois concepts de coeurs refroidis à gaz, à l'aide de l'approche FARM." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660567.
Full textIngremeau, Jean-Jacques. "Méthodologie d’optimisation d’un coeur de réacteur à neutrons rapides, application à l’identification de solutions (combustible, coeur, système) permettant des performances accrues : étude de trois concepts de coeurs refroidis à gaz, à l’aide de l’approche FARM." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112253/document.
Full textIn the study of any new nuclear reactor, the design of the core is an important step. However designing and optimising a reactor core is quite complex as it involves neutronics, thermal-hydraulics and fuel thermomechanics and usually design of such a system is achieved through an iterative process, involving several different disciplines. In order to solve quickly such a multi-disciplinary system, while observing the appropriate constraints, a new approach has been developed to optimise both the core performance (in-cycle Pu inventory, fuel burn-up, etc…) and the core safety characteristics (safety estimators) of a Fast Neutron Reactor. This new approach, called FARM (FAst Reactor Methodology) uses analytical models and interpolations (Metamodels) from CEA reference codes for neutronics, thermal-hydraulics and fuel behaviour, which are coupled to automatically design a core based on several optimization variables. This global core model is then linked to a genetic algorithm and used to explore and optimise new core designs with improved performance. Consideration has also been given to which parameters can be best used to define the core performance and how safety can be taken into account.This new approach has been used to optimize the design of three concepts of Gas cooled Fast Reactor (GFR). For the first one, using a SiC/SiCf-cladded carbide-fuelled helium-bonded pin, the results demonstrate that the CEA reference core obtained with the traditional iterative method was an optimal core, but among many other possibilities (that is to say on the Pareto front). The optimization also found several other cores which exhibit some improved features at the expense of other safety or performance estimators. An evolution of this concept using a “buffer”, a new technology being developed at CEA, has hence been introduced in FARM. The FARM optimisation produced several core designs using this technology, and estimated their performance. The results obtained show that this innovative feature leads to much higher performing and/or safer cores. The FARM approach has also been applied to a GFR concept using a vanadium cladding. However the large uncertainties involved do not really enable one to evaluate the performance of this promising concept.In summary, the feasibility of a global multi-disciplinary optimization has been demonstrated. Although the resulting method (FARM) is less accurate than the conventional method, it allows fast optimization and permits a large number of cores to be explored quickly, and is ideally suited for the preliminary designs studies before further refinement of the core design
Troják, Pavel. "Přístupové a zabezpečovací systémy v automatizaci budov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228599.
Full textDerqui, Pablo Marcos. "Da informação à categorização: a formação sistêmica dos conceitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27151/tde-24112014-090640/.
Full textThe theories about the formation of concepts in Information Science (IS) lack of a deeper approach on this discipline\'s main object: information. This research carries out a reflection on this lack adopting the strategy of considering the issues of information definition and concept as interdependent. This strategy defines this issue while phenomenon (how information interacts with the formation of concepts?), avoiding the departure from several exercises to try to define these concepts. Therefore, this research\'s objective is guided by the comprehension of that phenomenon in the key-dominions where information and concepts unfold and complete each other: the cognitive, the social and the communicational ones. However, this comprehension requires a differentiated approach for the issue of information, in which it participates of this dominions organization process, thus leaving the traditional perspective of information as communicative occurrences or event effects on mind. This thesis\' hypothesis was that this traditional and generalist perspective of information generates a cognitivist comprehension of formation of concepts, supported by a dualist paradigm of cognition under the dichotomy objective/subjective. This research\'s objective was to offer another (non-dualist) paradigm of information through the systemic approach based on the authors Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela and, for the information phenomenon, Niklas Luhmann. From this last author, we took the core conception of information as differences that produce systemic changes, auto-organizing themselves as psychic or social systems. This core notion was deepened with the idea that information organizes itself as regimes of differences acceptation in each of these systems. For the psychic systems, we used Giulio Tononi, for whom the tangling between complexes of integrated information (creating expansive regimes) allows the emergence of concepts. As this regime allows the emergence of conscience systems that rule the focus on these concepts, we suggest - based on the ecological approach of Liane Gabora, Eleonor Rosch and Diederik Aerts - that it is, now, complemented by other, reductive, that abstracts and detaches the the concepts from its immediate concepts, acknowledging imagination. This theoretical body was, then, confronted with the theoretical dilemma in the gather of Corpus literature - composed by articles that tackled the processes of categorization or cognitive aspects of concepts theory in Information Theory. We verified that, in IS, the issue of formation of concepts confirmed the cognitivist hypothesis: the area of knowledge organization chose the cognitivist and dualist vision in which concepts are formed by a nucleus of invariable representations (of perceptive nature) and the contextual aspects are restricted to peripheral identification. We concluded that the representational paradigm is, in general, hegemonic and that the areas of information and knowledge organization (and also IS) should open to other approaches, proposing the systemic approach of information as an alternative, which is presented in this research
Vullierme, Jean-Louis. "Le concept de système politique." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010283.
Full textBarakat-Barbieri, Bruno. "Vers une construction automatique de graphes de concepts." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0416.
Full textChretien, Benoît. "Simulation of a new automotive concept based on a centralized approach for driver assistance system activation decision." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0033.
Full textNowadays, to enhance traffic safety, more and more Advance Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are embedded in mass-production vehicles. Their increase renders development of vehicles more and more complex, especially to design Electronic and Electric (E/E) architecture, to synchronize the different embedded ADAS and decide which ADAS should be engaged. To cope with E/E architecture issues, my PhD thesis proposes a vehicle simulator, which is able to support architect designers. Then, to solve synchronization and decision problems, ADAS architecture has been chosen, according to the state of the art. Finally, a decision algorithm has been developed to optimise vehicle safety. To model the vehicle, a simulator emulates its plane motion according to embedded actuators acting on dynamic, like engine and brakes. Once the vehicle basis has been performed, I focus my work on ADAS. Because nowadays no generic solution exists to decide which ADAS to engage, last focus of my PhD has been the design of a decision method, optimizing vehicle safety. This latter couples a path-planning witch a Lyapunov invariant set, obtained through optimization problem constraints by bilinear matrix inequality. This strategy enables to assess embedded ADAS-functions and to warn the driver in critical situations. In order to illustrate this former, it has been illustrated with 2 longitudinal functions, a Adaptive Cruise Control and an Emergency Brake
Zhou, Huide. "Concepts thermodynamiques et d'entropie pour la modélisation et la régulation d'un réseau de transport." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0231/document.
Full textIn this work, we have presented a thermodynamic point of view for the transportation network. Analogies have been drawn between thermodynamic and transportation systems by considering traffic lanes as thermodynamic sub-systems and the vehicles as the abstract energy supplied to them. In addition, the concepts of thermal capacity and temperature are also introduced into transportation context to correspond to lane capacity and occupancy respectively. Then, it has been demonstrated that the first law of thermodynamics corresponds to the conservation of vehicles. It is also demonstrated that the transportation network can have a similar notion of entropy. Such transportation entropy is a measure of disorder of the system and hence may provide deep insight in the analysis of transportation control problems. In particular, this work has presented a dissipativity phenomenon of transportation entropy that reduces the system disorder and hence renders the system better organized. Though this phenomenon doesn’t exist naturally in transportation context, the ways to construct feedback control strategies have been proposed to achieve such objective by means of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). However, since transportation systems involve massive complex human activities, there exist substantial unpredictable uncertainties of the traffic demands. In this context, we have proposed a robust controller for disturbance attenuation of transportation network. The errors between input flows and the nominal ones are considered as disturbances and a constrained H∞ control has been formulated in terms of maximization of the tolerance under control constraints. The problem of disturbance attenuation is solved by means of a convex optimization with Linear Matrix Inequality. Finally, two types of networks (arterial and grid) are carried out to illustrate the performances of our strategies
Yammine, Assaad. "L’éducation à la sexualité humaine au Liban : avancées et difficultés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10137.
Full textAfter presenting the situation in Lebanon, the main didactic concepts and the different methodologies implemented, a first set of results compares the conceptions on sexuality and sex education (SE) of Lebanese and French teachers, using their responses to the questionnaire of the European project Biohead-Citizen. Lebanese teachers' conceptions differ very significantly from those of their French colleagues, showing some unity between them regardless of their religion, but correlated to a large degree of belief and religious practice: less favorable to abortion in any situation, less supportive of "safer sex" and against introducing of most of the themes of the SE. The political importance of confessions in Lebanon, including in the school system, led us to identify the positions of different religions on the SE: firstly from a bibliographical approach to their official positions, then from interviews with socioreligious leaders involved in the Lebanese educational system. This second set of results shows convergence on the framework and purpose of teaching human sexuality, and about the need and the way to control the Lebanese education system, but it also shows little nuances with strict Catholic positions in the refusal of some topics related to human sexuality as contraception, abortion and artificial insemination (Muslim positions on these topics are more flexible). These nuances extend to the SE: Islam considers the religious text as the reference for SE while Christianity establishes a detailed approach involving the parents. Finally, a third set of results is revealed by an analysis of the status of the current reality of the SE in Lebanese schools, using three approaches. In conclusion, our work can speculate on several filters, brakes and obstacles to the implementation of the SE in Lebanon. Many actors in the Lebanese education system (school principals, teachers, social and religious authorities) seem to misunderstand the nature, aim and the consequences of SE
Primot, Ludovic. "Le concept d'inquisitoire en procédure pénale." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020102.
Full textStratulat, Tiberiu. "Systèmes d'agents normatifs : concepts et outils logiques." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005215.
Full textMezui, M'obiang Samuel. "Les gestes professionnels, entre savoirs scolaires formalisés et savoirs d’expérience dans la formation des enseignants de maintenance des systèmes motorisés au Gabon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3007.
Full textThis thesis deals with the training of teachers. In the context of Gabonese maintenance trades are organised on a large variety of professional practices. Appreciates posture adopted this diversity by professors of the ENSET students and the impact of the training on their evolution. The goal is the change in the knowledge of teachers. The study presents the comparative analysis of the activity of two groups previously subject to different educational approaches. She is interested in the static ignition timing. Submitted to the same questionnaire, the pre test and post test, and a semi directive interview, productions have undergone a qualitative analysis of content on mastery of concepts, the construction of the gestures and adaptability to technological change. The results show best prerequisites of the witness to the pre test group; a better acquisition of concepts in the experimental group the test post; a good overall efficiency during the classical ignition timing; a good transfer of knowledge in the experimental group during the change in technology and a better conceptualization of the situation of the experimental group when the verbatim. This thesis is that the identification of key concepts and putting them in perspective in professional situations representative of diversity, is a possible solution for these courses. It postulates that the knowledge of the principle, associated with the acquisition of skills in technology, is capable of adapting to the use of the trained students
Garnsworthy, Johnathan Randall. "Fundamental concepts for fault tolerant systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2055.
Full textPritchard, James A. "Advanced Concepts for Telemetry Data Systems." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614673.
Full textCurrent telemetry data processing systems capabilities will have to be improved by as much as three orders of magnitude in order to handle the expected data rates of the Space Station era. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) processing systems can currently process telemetry data at an average input rate of about 100K bits per second while Space Station era data rates will average about 100M bits per second and could have peak rates of up to 1200 M bits per second. In order to meet the challenge of developing telemetry systems for processing high rate data at a reasonable cost, data processing and distribution systems must be data driven as opposed to being resource scheduled. If a system is to be data driven, data structures must contain a mechanism for routing of the data to its intended destination. Packet telemetry systems have been developed for the purpose of processing and routing telemetry data at higher rates than conventional time division multiplexed systems. Packet telemetry data standards are being developed by the international Consultative Committee for Space Data Standards (CCSDS) in order to facilitate development of packet telemetry systems both within NASA and international space agencies as well as for inter-agency cross support situations. These CCSDS Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS) standards specify the overall architectural framework of future packet telemetry systems. The CCSDS AOS standard defines a CCSDS Principal Network (CPN) which covers the on-board, space link and ground systems and provides for asynchronous (e.g., Telemetry and Internetworking) and isochronous (e.g., Audio and Video) data transport services utilizing CCSDS Packets and Virtual Channels. In order to achieve efficient use of the limited resources of the space link, CCSDS Packets are multiplexed on to CCSDS Virtual Channels for transmission through the space link. This paper will mainly discuss changes to ground telemetry processing systems currently in use (such as the Packet Processor (PACOR) System), future systems under development (such as the Space Station Information System(SSIS) and the Customer Data Operations System (CDOS)), and how the CCSDS standards relate to these systems.
Hart, Laurie Taylor 1970. "An investigation of a Web-based tool for concept testing and development : a study of the Securities Trading of Concepts (STOC) research method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91719.
Full textColamarino, Renato. "Concepts actuels des syndromes neurologiques paraneoplasiques." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF13823.
Full textAbbott, Ben A., Maria S. Araujo, Myron L. Moodie, Todd A. Newton, and Thomas B. Grace. "iNET System Design Concepts." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595611.
Full textOne of the core philosophies of the integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) project is to leverage standard networking technologies whenever possible to both reduce development cost and to allow standard networking applications to function. This paper presents decisions about the system's behavioral design and other decisions affecting the selection and design of system components. The TmNS is a network of networks that must be integrated into existing range processes. An overall guiding tenet for the TmNS is enhancement rather than replacement. As such, this enhancement is melded with pre-existing devices, approaches, and technologies. Overall, the pre-existing Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) data delivery mechanism is augmented with bi-directional, reliable, TmNS-provided communication.