Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système de régulation à deux composants'
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Lamy, Marie-Cécile. "Caractérisation et rôle dans la virulence de deux systèmes de régulation à deux composants chez Streptococcus agalactiae." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066059.
Full textDupré, Elian. "La régulation de la virulence chez Bordetella pertussis : BvgS, modèle original de capteur de système à deux composants." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S022/document.
Full textVirulence of Bordetella pertussis, the whooping cough agent, is due to a plethora of virulence factors which expression is regulated by the two-component system BvgAS. BvgA is a classical response regulator and BvgS the sensor. BvgS contains 3 putative sensor domains, 2 periplasmic Venus FlyTrap (VFT), linked through a transmembrane segment to a cytoplasmic PAS domain preceding the histidine-kinase. Signals perceived by those sensor domains are still unknown, but a 37°C temperature is sufficient to maintain the system active under laboratory conditions. This activity can be down-modulated by chemical compounds, such as MgSO4 or nicotinate, which at sufficient concentration allows the bacteria to switch to avirulent phase.We investigated the role of BvgS VFT domains. VFTs are ubiquitous domains composed of 2 lobes linked by a hinge hence forming a cleft where a specific ligand can bind and stabilize the VFT in its closed conformation.BvgS VFT domains were crystalized and form an intricate dimer defining large interfaces between the 4 VFTs. VFT2s are closed without a ligand and VFT1s are opened, artificial closure of these domains via a disulfide bond indicates that this is the active conformation of BvgS. The role of the interfaces was probed by site-directed mutagenesis. A positive signal might originate from the periplasm to be transmitted through the membrane by the interfaces and integrated by a functional coupling between the VFT2s and the helices preceding the membrane, H19.These helices should be continued through the membrane and the cytoplasm to the PAS domain. Pas domains are ubiquitous with a highly conserved structure, a 5 stranded sheet surrounded by helices defining a cavity. Pas domains are involved in a wide variety of physiological processes, depending on their ability to bind a ligand. Some PAS might function without a ligand and could then be signal adaptors or amplifiers.We demonstrated PASBvg was dimeric, confirming the dimeric nature of BvgS. Cavity residues were substituted indicating that integrity of the cavity is necessary to maintain activity and modulation capacity coming from the periplasmic moiety. Ligand binding wasn’t demonstrated but couldn’t be excluded. Some residues are needed for the correct coupling of the PAS domain to its flanking helices and hence signal transmission. Loss of these connections generates a strong destabilization of PASBvg and turns BvgS inactive.A positive signal might come from the periplasmic moiety and shoul be maintaines by the PAS domain, which is in a rigid conformation also allowing the transmission of negative signals
Joseph, Pascale. "Relations entre systèmes de régulation à deux composants et transporteurs ABC chez Bacillus subtilis." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22024.
Full textMarques, Mandin Pierre. "Régulation de la virulence de Listeria monocytogenes : systèmes à deux composants et ARN non codants." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077133.
Full textListeria monocytogenes, a gram positive bacterium, is the causative agent of listeriosis, a relatively rare disease but associated with a high mortality rate. Two component Systems are couples of proteins which allow bacteria to sense and respond to their environment. In a first part of this thesis. We characterized the role of a previously unidentified two component system of L. Monocytogenes, VirR/VirS, in the virulence of the bacterium. Usinq macroarrays, we have determined the genes controlled by VirR. This System regulates genes implicated in the modification of bacterial surface components, which may explain the role of VirR/VirS in virulence. Non coding RNAs (ncRNAs) modulate gene expression by pairing to messenger RNAs or by interacting requlatory proteins. In a second part of this thesis, we have searched for ncRNA genes in the genome of L. Monocytogenes using various bioinformatic approaches. 12 ncRNA were discovered and experimentally characterized, includinq RnpB. SsrA and SsrS which are conserved in all bacteria. The 9 other novel ncRNAs were named Rli for ncRNA in Listeria. In order to better characterize the function of the Rlis. We developed a program to predict potential mRNA targets of ncRNAs. Pur first experimental data validate pur method and suggest that it could be used as a general tool to search for ncRNA targets. These results allow a better understanding of the complex regulatory networks involved in the bacterial adaptive process
Sivaneson, Melissa. "Caractérisation des systèmes à deux composants Roc chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa : un reseau de régulation complexe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22117.
Full textThe opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for diverse chronic and acute infections in human. Chronic infections are associated with the capacity of P. aeruginosa to form biofilms. One of the pathways controlling biofilm formation is the Roc1 two-component system, involved in the regulation of cup genes allow the assembly of thin fimbriae at the surface of the bacterium. Cup fimbiae are important in biofilm formation. There exist paralogues of the Roc1 system - the Roc2 and Roc3 system. The work in this thesis has shown that cross-regulation occurs between Roc1 and Roc2. However, each branch in this network appears to control the expression of a specific subset of genes whose role and functions are striking in the context of an infection process. We characterized here a unique model of cross-regulation which results in the antagonistic regulation of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance
Bouchard, Marie-Pier. "Identification et caractérisation de la régulation de systèmes à deux composants impliqués dans la virulence de Salmonella Typhimurium par des ARN régulateurs." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7608.
Full textEsbelin, Julia. "La protéine Fnr et le système à deux composants ResDE, des régulateurs majeurs de la synthèse des entérotoxines de Bacillus cereus." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410526.
Full textBrosse, Anaïs. "Circuits mixtes de régulation entre petits ARN régulateurs et systèmes à deux composants chez Escherichia coli." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC245/document.
Full textSmall regulatory RNA (sRNAs) and two component systems (TCS) are both widespread regulators of gene expression in bacteria. While TCS are mostly transcriptional regulators, a large class of sRNAs acts as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by modulating translation and/or stability of target-mRNAs. Many connections have recently been unraveled between these two types of regulators, resulting in mixed regulatory circuits with poorly characterized properties.First, we have investigated in details the negative feedback circuit that exists between the EnvZ-OmpR TCS and the OmrA/B sRNAs in Escherichia coli. We have found that OmpR directly activates transcription from omrA and omrB promoters, allowing production of OmrA/B sRNAs that target multiple mRNAs through their conserved 5’ end, including the ompR-envZ mRNA. In agreement with previous reports, we have found that this control of ompR-envZ by OmrA/B sRNAs does not affect the amount of OmpR-P i.e. the presumably active form of the regulator. This phenomenon therefore raised the question of the possible interest of such a regulation. Thereafter, we found that OmrA/B regulation is really unique because they respond to the phosphorylated form but also to the unphosphorylated form of OmpR. As a result, OmrA/B limit their own synthesis while they have only a limited effect on others targets of OmpR, such as the OmpC or OmpF porins.This work led us to try to characterize other examples of modulation of two-component systems synthesis by small regulatory RNAs. In particular, we studied the regulation of the NarQ-NarP system. Indeed, our work showed that the synthesis of narP is controlled by the RprA sRNA. This regulation appears to affect NarP targets and in particular the napFDAGHBC operon. Moreover, RprA would respond to the same stimulus as the NarQ-NarP system, thus creating a physiological link between the small RNA and its target.Finally, another aspect of this work was to study the regulation of OmrA/B in a context of infection of macrophages by an Escherichia coli pathogenic strain, LF82. Indeed, data suggested that these small RNAs were induced during infection. I was able to validate these data and showed that this induction was dependent on the presence of the EnvZ-OmpR system
Gon, Stéphanie. "Fonctionnement et régulation des systèmes respiratoires triméthylamine N-oxyde (TMAO) réductase chez Escherichia coli et Shewanella oneidensis." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077088.
Full textCoornaert, Audrey. "Etude de la régulation post-transcriptionnelle de l'expression du système à deux composants PhoQ-PhoP par les ARN régulateurs chez Escherichia coli." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077129.
Full textBacteria have developed many strategies allowing them to adapt and live in ever changing environments. Among them, two- component Systems are key regulators of transcription: in most cases, a histidine kinase protein, stimulated by specific signals, activates its cognate response regulator, leading to regulation of the expression of target genes. PhoQ-PhoP is one of those two-component Systems, and is activated by low extracellular magnesium concentration, low pH or antimicrobial peptides. In response, it activates the expression of dozens of genes involved in magnesium import, bacterial virulence or response to acid stress. Small regulatory RNAs are also involved in the rapid adaptation of gene expression to the environment. In bacteria, there is a particular class, whose activity is dependent on the RNA chaperone Hfq. They act by pairing with target mRNA(s) via imperfect duplexes and modify, either positively or negatively, target mRNA translation and/or stability. We have showed that MicA and GcvB, two Hfq-dependent small regulatory RNAs, directly dowriregulate PhoQ-PhoP synthesis by pairing with the translation initiation region of the first cistron ofphoPQ mRNA, thereby inhibiting binding of the small ribosomal subunit. Surprinsingly, these regulations differently affect expression of the PhoP regulon: MicA has, as expected, a negative effet on the regulon, while GcvB seems to have a positive effect. This unexpected result is still under investigation but seems to be related to a pleiotropic effect of GcvB in the cell. More generally, we highlighted a link between three different bacterial adaptative regulatory Systems: sRNA, two-component Systems and sigma factors
Giraud, Caroline. "Le système CupE de la voie chaperonne - "usher" de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : assemblage, fonction et régulation. Identification du système à deux composants PprA-PprB et caractérisation de son régulon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22058.
Full textThe Gram negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is equipped with molecular systems that contribute to bacterial pathogenesis and biofilm development, this latter being associated with increased resistance to host defenses and antibiotics. Among them, are the fimbriae assembled by the chaperone usher (CU) pathway. The CU pathway involves a protein called the usher that forms a pore in the outer membrane, a periplasmic chaperone and at least one fimbrial subunit assembled into fimbriae at the cell surface.My PhD study mainly focuses on the cupE gene cluster, encoding a CU system from the σ-fimbrial clade. This system is different from all the CU systems cupA – cupD already characterized in P. aeruginosa, all belonging to the γ4-fimbrial clade. Independently from the genes encoding the usher and the chaperone, this cluster comprises four other genes encoding atypical pilins (one major pilin, two minor pilins and one adhesin). We showed that this CupE system is functional and allows the assembly of fimbriae at the cell surface. Unlike the two minor pilins, the adhesin is necessary for the fimbriae assembly (oligomerisation of the major subunit into the fiber). These fimbriae play an important role in biofilm formation and structuration, at early and late steps. Except one minor pilin, all subunits are important for the CupE-dependent biofilm formation. This gene cluster is specifically expressed in biofilm conditions and a random transposon mutagenesis allowed us to identify the two component system (TCS) PprA-PprB as an activator of cupE genes. We verified the implication of this TCS in cupE regulation and, using EMSA, we showed that the PprB control on cupE is direct, with PprB binding onto putative boxes upstream the transcription start of cupE, defined by 5’-RACE PCR.As this TCS was identified before as a positive regulator for the type IVB Flp pilus, another actor in the biofilm formation, we defined the PprB regulon. Among the new targets positively controlled by PprB, we found two new targets that we started to characterize. The first one is a four gene operon encoding an ABC transporter involved in antibiotic resistance specifically in biofilm conditions and a high molecular weight protein, a potential substrate for this ABC transporter. This protein that we renamed AdhA is indeed secreted by this ABC transporter and is implicated in the cohesion between cells during the biofilm formation. It is a new adhesin participating into the biofilm structuration of P. aeruginosa. The second target is a gene encoding a protein that we renamed Hvn, and homologous to HvnA and HvnB halovibrins from Vibrio fischeri. Secretome from an hvn mutant is highly modified and the lack of effect on eukaryotic cell’s morphology in comparison to the PAO1 secretome suggests the Hvn protein can play a role in P. aeruginosa virulence.Through this work, we characterized the cupE system from the CU pathway and showed that this system can assemble atypical fimbriae having a role in the different phases of biofilm formation. This system is under the positive and direct regulation of the TCS PprA – PprB.[...]
Carballes, Fabrice. "Etude de la régulation de l'expression des gènes de division cellulaire,par la système de transduction du signal à deux composants RcsC-RcsB." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30095.
Full textDepardieu, Florence. "Modulation de la résistance aux glycopeptides chez les entérocoques de type VanB, VanD et VanG." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077064.
Full textCoumes, Florens Stéphanie. "Les modules de " détéction/résistance " aux antibiotiques peptidiques chez les Firmicutes." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626194.
Full textTaher, Raleb. "Etude de l'activation du système Zra : régulation de l'activation de ZraS par ZraP la protéine accessoire du système." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV032/document.
Full textBacteria are exposed to external perturbations due to environmental changes or to the presence of noxious agents. Because the bacterial cell envelope forms the barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell it is highly susceptible to be damaged by these perturbations but it is also the first line of defense. To survive gram-negative bacteria have developed two component systems (TCS) that detect and respond to these envelope stresses.ZraSR is one of these TCS, although it is atypical because associated with ZraP, a periplasmic protein. The presence of an accessory protein associated with ZraSR system shows that it is functionally homologous to the CpxPAR system, a sensor of a variety of envelope stress signals. In presence of zinc, Zra system is activated and allows the expression of zraP, zraS and zraR. The periplasmic protein ZraP and the response regulator ZraR have been studied but the activation of the membrane histidine kinase by zinc has not been studied yet. Indeed, studying of TCS sensors was focused on the understanding of the cytoplasmic domain and less on the periplasmic part.During my thesis, I tried to concentrate my study on the periplasmic domain of ZraS. We first tried to understand how the zinc is activating the Zra system but also how ZraP is regulating this activation. For that purpose, we characterized ZraS periplasmic domain and analyzed the effect of zinc binding on it. Hence, we also tried to identify all of ZraS residues that are coordinating the zinc. By combining in vitro and in vivo assays, we tried to determine ZraP role in the regulation of Zra system. This study could help for the understanding of the mechanisms important for the activation of bacterial stress response systems
Lesne, Elodie. "La régulation de la virulence de l’agent de la coqueluche Bordetella pertussis : signalisation par le senseur-kinase BvgS." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S019/document.
Full textBordetella pertussis is the agent of an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease, whooping cough. In order to colonize the human respiratory tract, this strictly aerobic Gram negative bacterium produces many virulence factors, the expression of which is regulated by the BvgAS two-component system. BvgS is a sensor-kinase composed of three putative domains of perception –two periplasmic Venus flytrap domains and a cytoplasmic PAS domain -, followed by the enzymatic domain and two other domains called phosphotransfert and receiver involved in the phophorelay. The expression of the virulence regulon is activated after the phosphorylation by BvgS of the response regulator BvgA. BvgS is in a kinase mode at the basal state, and the perception of low temperatures or chemical signals like sulfate ions or nicotinate causes a shift to the phosphatase state. The study presented in this manuscript has focused on the characterization of the BvgS sensor-kinase. We have analyzed its putative domains of perception and the mechanisms of signal transduction.Investigations into the dynamics of the periplasmic moiety has provided evidence for a decreasing gradient of dynamics from N to C-terminus at the basal state. Nicotinate binding to the membrane-proximal VFT2 domains decreases the dynamics of the second lobe of VFT1. Tighter interactions between the latter and the VFT2 domain cause a tension on the α helices that precede the transmembrane segments, triggering the transition to the phosphatase state of the enzymatic portion. Perception of modulator by the VFT2 domains –or possibly binding of a ligand in the VFT1 cavity- thus appears to modify periplasmic dynamics, which shifts BvgS activity. We propose that the VFT1 domains are the motor for BvgS activity, and their dynamics are relayed or attenuated by the VFT2 domains. A search for antagonistic VFT1 ligands has been undertaken, along the idea that ligand binding may reduce their dynamics.The VFT and PAS domains, and the PAS and kinase domains are joined to each other by long α helices predicted to form coiled coils. We performed directed mutagenesis and cysteine scanning analyses to decipher signal transduction between the periplasmic domains and the enzymatic moiety of BvgS. The close contacts between the helices of the transmembrane segment are not modified after perception of the modulator, suggesting that signal transduction across the membrane is mediated by symmetrical piston motions. The putative coiled coil before the PAS domain shows rotational dynamics at the basal state. Modulator perception causes the helices to splay, and this motion may modify the PAS domains interface. Our topology analyses of the PAS domain confirm that changes occur at this interface between the kinase and phosphatase states of BvgS. Finally, the coiled coil between the PAS and kinase domains presents a strong rotational dynamics at the basal state, which is consistent with the model of regulation of kinase activity proposed for other sensor-kinases. After perception of a modulator, this coiled coil becomes more rigid, allowing the shift to the phosphatase state. The occurrence of two states of dynamics for this coiled coil has also been demonstrated in the absence of the PAS domain.These studies have advanced our understanding of BvgS and allow us to propose a model of signaling by this sensor-kinase, which may apply more broadly to other family members
Coumes, Stéphanie. "Les modules de "détection / résistance " aux antibiotiques peptidiques chez les firmicutes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22062/document.
Full textSignal transduction systems and ABC transporters often contribute jointly to adaptive bacterial responses to environmental changes. In Bacillus subtilis, three such pairs, thereafter called modules, are involved in responses to antibiotics: BceRSAB, PsdRSAB and YxdJKLM. They are characterized by a histidine kinase belonging to the Intramembrane Sensing – Histine Kinase family (IM-HK) and by a Membrane Spanning Domain (MSD) possessing an unusually large extracytoplasmic loop. Using a phylogenomic approach we were able to demonstrate that such modules, associating a phosphorelay and an ABC transporter, are specific but widespread in Firmicutes where they originated. This analyse highlight a highly dynamic evolutionary history involving numerous horizontal gene transfers, duplications and lost events, leading to a great variety of Bce-like module repertories in members of this bacterial phylum. Based on fine phylogenetic analyses, the Bce-like modules were divided into six well-defined subfamilies. Functional studies were performed on some members of subfamily IV comprising the bacitracin resistance module BceRSAB of B. subtilis, the expression of which being found to require, in the presence of bacitracin, the signal transduction system as well as the ABC transporter itself. The present results indicate that two other members of subfamily IV, YtsCD of B. licheniformis and BceAB of B. halodurans, were also found to participate in bacitracin resistance processes. The results also suggest that in these modules the ABC transporter works as the first sensor of the antibiotic and that it then activates the signal transduction system through an interaction between one of the two ABC transporter domains and the module kinase.Bacitracin dependent expression of bceAB and bacitracin resistance processes were shown to require the presence of the BceB translocator loop suggesting a crucial role for this loop as well at a functional level, as at a structural level.This study suggests that the original BceRSAB module regulatory mechanism might be generalised to other modules and would constitute an important common antibiotic resistance mechanism in Firmicutes which comprise many human pathogens
Le, Breton Yoann. "Analyse moléculaire de l'adaptation à son environnement d'Enterococcus faecalis : caractérisation du système à deux composants Err05-Ehk05 impliqué dans la régulation du gène sagA codant d'une protéine générale de stress extracellulaire." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2037.
Full textGuzzo, Mathilde. "Contrôle dynamique de la polarité chez Myxococcus xanthus : évolution et architecture d'un système chimiotactique modulaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4078.
Full textThe bacterium Myxococcus xanthus forms multicellular structures called fruiting bodies to resist to starvation conditions. Fruiting body formation implies a chemosensory-like system, the Frz system which regulates directional changes through the simultaneous pole-to-pole relocalization of two motility systems, (A) and (S). During my PhD, I have worked on the connection between the Frz chemosensory-like system and the downstream regulators MglA and MglB in the control of polarity inversion. The cell polarity axis is established by (i) a Ras-like small G protein, MglA, which constitutes a branch node in the regulation of A and S motility systems at the leading cell pole, and (ii) its cognate inhibitor MglB that localizes at the lagging cell pole. We showed that MglA interacts directly and specifically with the cytoskeleton to promote assembly and disassembly of the A-motility machinery. Using an evolutionary approach, we elucidated the modular architecture of the Frz system and the implication of four regulatory domains to (i) connect the Frz system to the MglAB proteins, (ii) filter and (iii) amplify the signal. We now propose a mechanism for polarity inversion in which the independent action of two response regulators at each cell pole perturbs the interactions between a small-G-protein and its cognate inhibitor to trigger the conversion of a stable polarity axis into a biochemical oscillator. The regulation of directional movement in M. xanthus is an interesting emergent coupling between prokaryotes and eukaryotes regulators
Saillant, Vincent. "Comprendre le mécanisme du système senseur d’hème des bactéries pathogènes, une cible antibiotique innovante A novel Enterococcus faecalis heme transport regulator (FhtR) is a heme sensor in the gastrointestinal tract." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB023.
Full textHeme, a porphyrin containing an iron atom, is an essential cofactor of several bacterial functions. Heme is also toxic because of the reactivity of the iron generating reactive oxygen species. One of the main mechanisms of heme detoxification, in Gram-positive bacteria, relies on the expression of a heme efflux ABC transporter, HrtBA. The regulation of this transporter has been investigated in two opportunistic pathogens, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, two bacteria responsible for multiresistant nosocomial infections. In E. faecalis, a new TetR family regulator, FhtR, has been identified and characterized. The FhtR dependent transcriptional inhibition of hrtBA is lifted by its binding to heme. FhtR controls the intracellular heme pools as showed par the activity of the endogenous heme dependent catalase, KatA. FhtR is thus a master regulator of heme intracellular homeostasis in E. faecalis. In a mouse model of intestinal transit, HrtBA is expressed, demonstrating the relevance of this system in the gastrointestinal tract where E. faecalis is a commensal resident. In S. aureus, hrtBA transcription is controled by the two-component system, HssRS. The study of the mechanism of the membrane heme sensor HssS showed that the intracytoplasmic of the histidine kinase was responsible of the binding and heme signal transduction for HrtBA expression. Alltogether, these results demonstrate that while HrtBA is conserved among Gram positive bacteria, the regulating mechanisms leading to its expression are varied. This suggests that the host heme response is dependent of the bacteria lifestyle and underlies the importance of this cofactor in the host-pathogen relationship. Inhibiting heme effux by HrtBA or the heme sensing mechanisms could lead to new antibiotic strategies
Sanchez, Dyana. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la régulation de la compétence et du processus de transformation chez Streptococcus pneumoniae." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS050.
Full textThe natural genetic transformation contributes to the maintenance and the evolution of the genomes in bacteria; it is a key mechanism to adapt to their environment. It allows the integration of exogenous DNA into the bacterial chromosome by homologous recombination during a particular state called competence.My thesis focused on the regulation of the competence state in S. pneumoniae (ComD, ComE), and on the interactions between the proteins involved in the uptake, the processing and recombination of exogenous DNA (DprA, RecA). In this bacterium, the opening of the competence is under the control of the two-component system ComD-ComE, who induces the transcription of target genes. DprA is one of the protein induced during the competence state, it is very conserved into the bacterial kingdom, and is involved in the closure of competence via direct interaction with ComE. DprA is also a key transformation protein involved in processing the incoming DNA, protection against nucleases, and recruitment of the RecA recombinase. SAXS analysis of the ComD-ComE, resolution of the crystallographic structure of ComE REC domain study of the interactions between ComE and its promoter regions allowed us to understand the choreography of competence opening in S. pneumoniae. Meanwhile, we studied spDprA interactions with DNA and with RecA. These data allowed us to propose an interaction model between DprA and RecA in S. pneumoniae and to propose a mechanism for RecA's loading on the ssDNA by DprA. I focused too on H. pylori DprA participating on the resolution of the 3D structure of the C-terminal domain by NMR and studying its interaction with the dsDNA
Levet-Paulo, Mélanie. "Rôle des protéines à domaines GGDEF et/ou EAL chez Legionella pneumophila." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832970.
Full textPlainvert, Céline. "Etude de la biodiversité des souches de Streptococcus pyogenes responsables d'infections invasives et de cas groupés par une approche de génomique comparative." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05T034/document.
Full textStreptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus (GAS)) is a human pathogen responsible for a wide range of diseases including non-invasive and invasive infections. To date no specific GAS attribute has been associated with a type of infection although a link between genetic background and tissue tropism has been demonstrated. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between genotype, the presence of genes encoding virulence factors and invasive strains by molecular epidemiology approach. An association between genotypes and the presence of genes encoding virulence factors has been established among a collection of French strains responsible for invasive GAS infections in adults. Similarly, the presence of sil locus, encoding a quorum sensing system, is related to genotype, but not to the invasive status of the GAS strains. Regarding the innate immune response, unlike emm1, emm4 and emm28 strains, invasive emm3 and emm89 strains are more phagocytosed by macrophages than their non-invasive counterparts. The emm89 strains are phagocytosed and survive longer in macrophages than strains belonging to any other genotype. Moreover, emm3 strains induce macrophage apoptosis. Finally, the kinetics of production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators are genotype-dependent. A colonization strain belonging to a cluster that also includes an invasive strain, has a unique mutation in covS (encoding the sensor of a two-component system). The CovSY39H protein responds less to some environmental signals, corresponding to a constitutive CovS protein. The phenotype of the mutant, resulting in the expression of certain genes encoding virulence factors, favors a colonization state. Survival in macrophages and virulence are also altered
Celik, Hamza. "Modulation of cellulosome composition in Clostridium cellulolyticum : a two-component system controls the expression of genes encoding hemicellulases." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4753.
Full textThe composition of the cellulosomes (multi enzymatic complexes involved in the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides) produced by Clostridium cellulolyticum differs according to the growth substrate. In particular, the expression of a cluster of 14 hemicellulase-encoding genes (called xyl-doc) is induced by the presence of straw and not of cellulose. The hypothesis was made that the putative two-component regulatory system, encoded by the genes localized upstream of xyl-doc, was involved in this regulation.My results provided evidence that the response regulator (called XydR) is involved in the activation of the transcription of xyl-doc genes and of an additional gene encoding a protein of unknown function harboring a carbohydrate binding module predicted to target hemicelluloses. Promoter regions, including XydR binding sites, have been identified upstream of the regulated genes and the transcriptional link between all xyl-doc genes has been demonstrated. A second aim of my work has been to identify the inducing signal present in straw that could be sensed by the cognate sensor of XydR. It was shown that the transcription of the target genes is specifically induced by arabinose and xylose which are the most abundant sugar residues present in hemicellulose and thus released by its degradation.Finally, biochemical studies of the products of some of the regulated genes demonstrated that at least three genes encoded products involved in hemicellullose degradation
Henry, Camille. "Etude des méthionine sulfoxyde réductases d'Escherichia coli : rôle de MsrA/B dans la protection de RecA et identification d'une nouvelle activité Msr." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4110.
Full textMethionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) are involved in proteins repair. MsrA and MsrB are ubiquitous enzymes which reduce methionine sulfoxide into methionine. In bacteria, MsrA and MsrB are localized in the cytoplasm and are involved in the resistance to oxidative stress. During my PhD, I investigated the role of the MsrA/B system in the physiology of the Escherichia coli. My work was devoted to the study of the recombinase A (RecA) as the target of MsrA/B system. RecA plays a central role in DNA repair via its main functions: homologous recombination, induction of the SOS response and the induction of the SOS mutagenesis. I was able to establish a genetic link between the MsrA/B system and RecA. My study shows that the absence of Msr affects the homologous recombination function of RecA. I have shown that RecA oxidized loses its ability to form filaments on DNA, to hydrolyze ATP and perform strand exchange process. Interestingly, repair RecA oxidized by MsrA/B system restores the functions of RecA. Further analysis revealed that the residue Met 35 is important for the activity of RecA. From these results, I proposed a model in which the oxidation of Met and repair MsrA/B is a dynamic system modulating the activity of RecA. Another part of my work allowed the characterization of periplasmic Msr of E. coli: MsrP. I have shown that MsrP is important under HOCl stress and its expression is induced during such stress via the YedVW two components system. The YedV kinase possessing multiple Met in its sensor domain, I proposed a model in which the activation of YedV would be by oxidation of its Met
Olaitan, Abiola Olumuyiwa. "Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5030/document.
Full textAmong one of the greatest threats facing public health worldwide, antibiotic resistance is at the forefront. This is partly due to increase in infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacterial as well as the current dwindling number of new antibiotics. In a way to address this unfortunate situation, there have been recent resuscitation of old and abandoned antibiotics such as polymyxins. Colistin, a member of polymyxin antibiotics, is now regarded as a 'last-resort' antibiotic for the treatment of severe Gram-negative bacterial infections owing to its potent action against these pathogens. However, resistance to colistin among these pathogens has emerged in several countries and is currently on increase. Due to the relatively new reintroduction of this antibiotic, there is a lack of comprehensive information on its pharmacological properties as well as mechanisms by which bacteria develop resistance against it.In order to bridge this information gap in relation to the mechanism of resistance, we therefore undertook this project. First, to carry out an epidemiological surveillance of colistin-resistant bacteria in humans and domesticated animals and secondly, to decipher the molecular mechanisms mediating colistin resistance among the isolated resistant bacteria
Himpens, Sabine. "Caractérisation du système à deux composants SenX3/RegX3 de Mycobacterium tuberculosis et Mycobacterium bovis BCG." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-159.pdf.
Full textDe plus, nous n'avons pas observé d'effet majeur de la phosphorylation sur la liaison à l'ADN et la structure quaternaire de regX3. Ces observations suggèrent que la phosphorylation de regX3 pourrait exercer un effet d'activation en favorisant des interactions protéine-protéine avec l'ARN polymérase. En outre, une analyse plus détaillée du mécanisme de phosphorylation du capteur senX3 a été effectuée pour déterminer si comme les autres capteurs étudiés jusqu'à présent, les domaines cytoplasmiques de ces protéines se dimérisent et sont phosphorylés en trans. Cette étude a été effectuée en vue d'explorer la possibilité de produire ultérieurement une version mutante a effet dominant négatif in vivo. Par ailleurs, notre système de phosphorylation in vitro de senX3/regX3 pourrait permettre la recherche de molécules inhibitrices de systèmes à deux composants mycobactériens, qui pourraient correspondre à de nouvelles classes d'antibiotiques
Valton, Julien. "Réaction d'hydroxylation aromatique catalysée par une hydroxylase flavine-dépendante à deux composants : le système ActVA-ActVB de Streptomyces coelicolor." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823949.
Full textComenge, Yannick. "Caractérisation du système à deux composants CroRS et implication dans la résistance intrinsèque aux beta-lactamines de Enterococcus faecalis." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077040.
Full textZigha, Assia. "Métabolisme adaptatif et toxinogénèse de Bacillus cereus F4430/73 : implication du système à deux composants ResDE et du régulateur Fnr." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30005.
Full textBacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogenic bacteria responsible of two types of food-home diseases one caused by an emetic toxin (cereulide) responsible of the emetic syndrome, and the other caused by three enterotoxins (Hbl, Nhe and CytK) associated with the diarrhoeal syndrome. The diarrhoeal syndrome results from toxin production by B. Cereus in the host small intestine characterized by an anaerobic atmosphere and low oxidoreduction potential (ORP). The objective of this thesis is to characterize the B. Cereus adaptation and to evaluate its toxinogenesis when it encounter anaerobic and reduced environment often met and implied in the virulence of other pathogenic bacteria. Our results showed mat the diarrhoeal strain F4430/73 of B. Cereus has a very efficient fermentative metabolism which enables it to grow under low ORP conditions. Furthermore, we showed that the production of the enterotoxins is energy metabolism dependent. It is supported by fermentative growth conditions and is more important as fermentation is conducted at tow ORP (ORP=-148 mV). The regulation of enterotoxins expression in response to anaerobiosis is carried at the transcriptionnel level. We showed the involvement of two regulators controlling simultaneously the fermentative pathways and toxinogenesis. The two components system "ResDE" acts as redox sensor and the "Fnr" protein carrying the Fe-S cluster acts as fermentation sensor. Our results suggest that both ResDE and Fnr regulators belong to a redox regulatory pathway that at least partially functions independently of the pleiotropic virulence regulator PIcR to regulate enterotoxin gene expression
Liu, Weiwei. "Caractérisation de la cascade de signalisation osmotique ″os″ chez Botrytis cinerea." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112009.
Full textHog1-like fungal signal transduction cascades are involved in diverse cellular functions, such as adaptation to various stresses, fungicide resistance, development and, in some cases, virulence. In this work we characterized the homologous pathway of the plant pathogenic ascomycete Botrytis cinerea via the inactivation of the sensor histidine kinase Bos1, its relationship to the downstream MAP kinase (MAPK) Sak1, and the regulation of target genes. Phosphorylation assays show that, without any external stimulus, Bos1 inhibits Sak1 phosphorylation. Under stress conditions, this inhibition is released, leading to Sak1 phosphorylation, which is involved in the adaptation to high ionic and peroxide stress, macroconidia development, plant penetration and necrosis development. Through an epistasis test, we demonstrate that Bos1 regulates certain functions, independently of Sak1. They include superoxide tolerance, adaptation and conidiation on high neutral osmolarity, and susceptibility to three families of fungicides (dicarboximides, phenylpyrroles and aromatic hydrocarbons) as well as melanin production. Cell wall integrity, appressoria- and sclerotia development are probably controlled by two parallel signalling cascades both regulated by the Bos1 HK. To identify the downstream genes regulated by the Bos1-Sak1 cascade, real-time RT-PCR analysis was conducted on selected sets of genes based on the different mutant phenotypes. Some but not all phenotypes can be related to differential gene expression. Expression pattern of most Bos1-Sak1 controlled genes under standard conditions corroborates the negative control of Sak1 phosphorylation
Langlois, Marie-Claire. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction et de l'évolution de deux facteurs de transcription PAX-6 et COUP-TF." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-443.pdf.
Full textBorland, Stéphanie. "Rôle des systèmes à deux composants dans l’adaptation de la bactérie phytostimulatrice Azospirillum à la rhizosphère." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10037.
Full textBacterial two-component systems play an important role in the ability of bacteria to adapt to various environments. The aim of this thesis was to identify and characterize two-component systems involved in the adaptation of the phytostimulatory bacteria Azospirillum to its host plant. Analysis of the genomic distribution of genes encoding two-component systems across Azospirillum available genomes revealed the existence of a high number of genes encoding hybrid histidine kinases, and further analyses highlighted a complex multi-domain organization of this family of proteins. In order to understand their role in Azospirillum, as a first step we selected and inactivated four genes encoding complex hybrid histidines kinases. Using a multidisciplinary approach which combines genetics, biochemistry and phylogeny, we brought to light for the first time in Azospirillum, an atypical three-component system named PreSKR which controls a wide variety of processes involved in survival and rhizosphere colonization likely by modulating c-di-GMP levels. As a second step, we focused on a gene encoding a hybrid histidine kinase named RsiK which is induced in contact with its host plant. RsiK is involved in surface sensing and biofilm formation regulation. Transcriptomic analysis of rsiK regulon by RNA-seq showed that 78 genes were under the control of this system. The prevalence of genes encoding hybrid histidine kinase family in Azospirillum, coupled with the functional characterization of two of them, highlight the importance of phosphorelays, still largely unrecognized in rhizospheric bacteria
Dupont, Didier. "Le système plasmine-plasminogène dans la protéolyse du lait : Mise au point d'un dosage différentiel des deux composants à l'aide de sondes antigèniques monoclonales." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2016.
Full textMuller, Cédric. "Caractérisation de mutants surproduisant le système d'efflux actif MexXY/OprM chez pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA3015.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen naturally resistant to many antibiotics thanks to numerous resistant mechanisms. Among them, overproduction of the MexXY/OprM efflux system leads to decrease significantly the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. In clinical strains, upregulation of this pump often results from mutations occurrinJ in mexZ ( agrZ mutants), the local repressor gene of the mexXY operon. Analysis of MexXYoverproducing mutants selected in vitro from the reference strain PAO 1 led to identification of two new classes of mutants (agrWmutants) harboring an intact mexZ gene. The first, named agrWI mutants, shows an increase resistance to Mex.XY substrates similar to that observed in agrZ mutants while the second, dubbed agrW2, are more resistant to carbapenems and cationic peptides (colistin) in addition to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Whole-genome sequencing experiments revealed in agrWI mutants a mutation in two of the four alleles encoding the 23S ribosomal subunit and in agr W2 mutants, a mutation in the response regulator of a two-component system called ParR. By using RT-qPCR, inactivation and complementation experiments, two distinct activation pathway of the MexXY /OprM efflux system have been identified. Meanwhile, transcriptomic profiles of agrWJ and agrW2 mutants compared with the PAOl reference strain has allowed us to better understand the physiologie function of the MexXY/OprM efflux pump
Husaunndee, Ahmad Mudassir Ibn. "Modélisation des installations de génie climatique en environnement de simulation graphique Méthodologie de description et réalisation d'une bibliothèque de modèles composants." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 1999. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001177.
Full textMarret, Stéphane. "Développement des astrocytes et des oligodendrocytes dans les cultures de cerveaux de rats nouveau-nés : influence de deux composants de la matrice extra-cellulaire ; l'hyaluronane et l'hyaluronectine." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUE06NR.
Full textCadoret, Frederic. "PA 7, souche atypique de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Etude transcriptomique et caractérisation d'un troisième système de sécrétion de type II fonctionnel, Txc." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4023.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, characterized by its ubiquity and its high adaptative property. This faculty is particularly due to many systems of perception and regulation, the secretion of a wide arsenal of exoproteins, an ability to switch between two life styles, a high natural resistance to antibiotics and a rich genome submitted to an important genomic plasticity. The latter, combined with the selection pressure exerted by the wide variety of environments encountered by P. aeruginosa, has allowed the emergence of many strains with their own genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.During my thesis, we performed an overall comparative transcriptomic analysis between the known strains PA14 and PAO1, and a new atypical clinical isolate multiresistant to antibiotics, the PA7 strain. This study allowed us to determine that this strain, lacking the main weapons of cytotoxicity, naturally tended to a life-style associated with biofilm formation. We also characterized the RGP69 genomic island, unique in the PA7 strain, which encodes a third type II secretion system, Txc, that secretes in the extracellular medium a chitin-binding protein, CbpE, under the regulatory control of a component system, Tts. This genomic island could be directly involved in the particular physiology of the PA7 strain
Perochon, Alexandre. "Signalisation calcium chez les plantes : identification et caractérisation de partenaires de CML9, une protéine réceptrice des signaux calciques, impliquée dans les réponses aux stress de l'environnement chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1063/.
Full textPlants use calcium as an intracellular signal to adapt their development in response to environmental fluctuations. Calcium signals are converted into biological responses by calcium sensors such as calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein conserved in all eukaryotes. CML9, a calmodulin-related protein, was recently identified as a regulatory component of plant responses against pathogens and the control of germination by abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. To identify the mechanisms by which CML9 exerts this role, searches for CML9-binding proteins allowed to isolate proteins with diverse functions and, PRR2 a previously uncharacterized transcription factor was further studied. Analysis of CML9/PRR2 binding properties revealed a specific physical interaction between the two proteins in plant cells. Through the characterization of mutants with reduced levels in PRR2 expression or lacking CML9 function, the two proteins were found to play similar roles in defence responses and the control of germination, thus providing evidence for a new calcium signalling pathway associated to these physiological contexts
Marcel, Dominique. "Récepteurs centraux des benzodiazépines : distribution et caractérisation par radioautographie des sites de liaison d'un agoniste, et d'un agoniste partiel chez le rat : mise en évidence de systèmes de régulation distincts entre deux molécules." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066328.
Full textBeurdeley, Marine. "Etude de la signalisation par transfert d'homéoprotéine à deux étapes de la maturation du système visuel : la mise en place de la topographie rétine-tectum chez le poulet et le xénope : la régulation de la période critique pour la vision binoculaire chez la souris." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066763.
Full textBobik, Christine. "Génomique de la fixation de l’azote chez Sinorhizobium meliloti : analyse du régulon FixLJ." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30149.
Full textTransition of Sinorhizobium meliloti from free-living to symbiotic life is associated with an irreversible differentiation into nitrogen fixing bacteroïds. An original transcriptomic approach allowed us to identify new gene candidates to study successive stages of differentiation. Thus, we found about a hundred genes preferentially expressed during late symbiotic stages, among them nif and fix genes essential to nitrogen fixation and regulated by the FixLJ two-component system. We identified and characterised the FixJ regulon and showed that FixJ is a main regulator of both symbiotic and free-living microoxic conditions. FixJ is involved in various biological functions. Among new FixJ targets we found one which is essential to symbiosis
Diomande, Sara Esther. "Adaptation au froid de la bactérie pathogène Bacillus cereus : étude de mécanismes impliqués et exploitation de la diversité génétique." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0666/document.
Full textBacillus cereus sensu stricto (ss) is a major foodborne pathogen representing the second cause of foodpoisoning in France in 2012. This species belongs to Bacillus cereus sensu lato (sl) consisting of ubiquitousspecies genetically close-related and including other pathogens such as B. anthracis, B. thuringiensis and B.cytotoxicus. The strains of B. cereus sl are divided into seven phylogenetic groups with various growthtemperature ranges and characterized by three main thermotypes: thermotolerant, mesophilic,psychrotolerant. The B. cereus ss cold adaptation is a key mechanism because it determines B. cereusability to grow in refrigerated foods and achieve doses that can be dangerous to consumers. The aim of thisstudy was to study the molecular mechanisms involved in the cold adaptation of strains representing B.cereus sl diversity.We demonstrated that the genes encoding the two component system CasK/R are overexpressed at lowtemperature. CasK/R was found to be a generic mechanism for B. cereus sl cold adaptation as its role washighlighted in the study of four strains with different thermotypes and their respective isogenic mutantsΔcasK/R. A transcriptomic study on a B. cereus ATCC 14579 strain and its ΔcasK/R mutant strain revealedthat sixteen of the genes differentially expressed in both early log phase and stationary phase at lowtemperature encode proteins involved in the fatty acids metabolism. We showed the role of CasK/R in themodification of the membrane fatty acid composition via an increase of the proportion of unsaturated fattyacids during growth of B. cereus at low temperature. Furthermore, the gene encoding the desaturase DesA,mainly responsible of the fatty acids unsaturation at a low temperature is upregulated by CasK/R at lowtemperature.We also demonstrated that casK/R genes were organized in operon with a gene encoding a RpiR-likeregulator. Interstingly,, this operon is negatively regulated by CasK/R at low temperature in the stationaryphase. The individual rpiR promoter is repressed by CasK/R at low temperature but also optimal growthtemperature, suggesting also a role for CasK/R at optimal temperature
Boudes, Marion. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle d’acteurs de la transformation génétique naturelle de Streptococcus pneumoniae." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114845.
Full textStreptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired infections worldwide. The natural genetic transformation is the key to its adaptation to environmental changes. It takes place with the integration in its chromosome of exogenous DNA, during a physiological state called competence.During my thesis I have focused on the main actors of competence regulation (ComD, ComE) and on proteins involved in exogenous DNA processing and recombination (DprA, RecA). In particular, I have solved the structure of the transcriptional activator ComE by X-ray crystallography, and carried out a functional study of its binding to its promoter. The results obtained allowed us to propose a mechanism regarding the transcriptional activation by ComE of the genes necessary for the set up of the competence : the phosphorylation-induced dimerization, coupled to the binding of ComE to its DNA promoter, would curve the DNA and allow the binding of the RNA polymerase
Scornec, Hélène. "Identification des gènes impliqués lors de l'établissement de Lactobacillus casei dans l'intestin et caractérisation de l'opéron LSEI_0219-0221." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS088.
Full textIn bacteria which are in direct contact with their environment, genes transcription and proteins synthesis are efficiently regulated at each change of environmental parameters to allow cell survival. For intestinal commensal bacteria, these regulations must also allow symbiotic interactions and colonization whose molecular mechanisms, so far little known, are probably related, among others, to the bacteria surface (molecules exposed and secreted…). Lactobacillus casei, a commensal bacterium, has about 330 predicted genes involved in the composition and functionality of the cell surface. To have a global view of the whole genes involved in the establishment of L. casei in the gut, a reverse genetics approach was performed. For that, a library of L. casei random labeled-mutants by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis was generated then annotated and reassembled thanks to the sequencing of transposon insertion sites. Mutants were screened for their ability to establish themselves in the rabbit ligated ileal loop and quantified by qPCR. Among the 47 genes identified as involved in the in vivo establishment, three genes in an operon encoding a two-component system and a penicillin-binding protein were characterized. These three genes are involved in the cell surface modulation and particularly in the regulation of peptidoglycan hydrolases which are required for the bacteria protection in the intestinal environment
Manat, Guillaume. "Etude fonctionnelle des undécaprényl-pyrophosphate phosphatases BacA et LpxT, enzymes membranaires impliquées dans la biogenèse de l’enveloppe bactérienne." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS098.
Full textIn bacteria, the undecaprenyl-phosphate (C55-P) is used as a lipid carrier of glycans subunits across the plasma membrane. After synthesis of its precursor (C55-PP) by UppS, this latter must be dephosphorylated. The transfer of the glycans subunit onto a final acceptor molecule at the periplasmic side also releases C55-PP that will be dephosphorylated to be recycled. Four C55-PP membrane phosphatases have been identified in E. coli : three enzymes belonging to the PAP2 family (PgpB, YbjG and LpxT) and a protein belonging to a new family of phosphatases (BacA).In this study, we characterized the biochemical properties and membrane topology of BacA. The optimal conditions for its activity (pH, detergent, cation, temperature) were determined and narrow substrate specificity, with a preference for the C55-PP, was observed. Three essential residues to its activity, Glu21, Ser27 and Arg174 were identified by mutagenesis, allowing us to propose a catalytic mechanism based on the nucleophilic attack of the C55-PP by a serine residue. The membrane topology of BacA determined experimentally using protein fusions did not validated previous in silico models. Thus, BacA has 7 transmembrane segments and contains in particular two large periplasmic loops carrying the highly-conserved active site residues. Our results demonstrate that all C55-PP phosphatases of E. coli identified to date (BacA and PAP2) catalyze the dephosphorylation of C55-PP on the same side of the plasma membrane (periplasmic side), questioning us about the identity of the enzyme catalyzing the dephosphorylation of C55-PP synthesized de novo. LpxT is a PAP2 enzyme with a specific kinase activity, transferring the β-phosphate group of C55-PP on a molecule of lipid A, to generate lipid A-1-PP. We mapped, by directed mutagenesis, the active site of LpxT and highlighted the importance of a catalytic triad characteristic to the PAP2 enzymes (His150, His190, Asp194) and other specific residues of LpxT and its closer homologues. The activity of LpxT is inhibited by a small membrane peptide, called PmrR, whose expression is under the control of the two-component system PmrA-PmrB. Our study showed that this inhibition occurred via a direct interaction between these two partners. We showed that the induction of PmrA-PmrB system leads to resistance to the polymyxin B (cationic antimicrobial peptide) and sensitivity to deoxycholate (component major bile) and that the modification catalyzed LpxT produces an opposite effect. The robustness of the resistance to the polymyxin B is connected to the force of the signals inducing PmrA-PmrB system, but also the system PhoP-PhoQ and we clearly identified the signals needed to this resistance in E. coli
Dahyot, Sandrine. "Contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la virulence de Staphylococcus lugdunensis." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR046/document.
Full textOur work has sought to better understand mechanisms involved in Staphylococcus lugdunensis virulence, a species whose pathogenicity is close to that of Staphylococcus aureus. We performed the first functional characterization of a two-component regulatory system, LytSR, in this species. This system has been shown to be involved in the control of major metabolic processes and in virulence. It is indeed involved in biofilm formation, probably in connection with the control of cell death. LytSR is furthermore implicated in the pathogenesis of S. lugdunensis infections, as demonstrated in the infection model of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. To better characterize and monitor the diffusion of predominant clones in this species, we have in a second part developed three new typing methods (MLVA, TRST and fbl-typing), based on the polymorphism of variable number of tandem repeats. These methods were highly discriminant, allowing the definition of new genotypes in this clonal species. These tools are very promising for micro- and macro-epidemiological studies in S. lugdunensis, fbl-typing appearing in many ways as the frontline tool (http://fbl-typing.univ-rouen.fr/). Finally, we have shown that the variability of the binding of S. lugdunensis to fibrinogen in vitro can be partly explained by some fbl genetic variations
Bolard, Arnaud. "Identification of novel regulatory pathways involved in non-enzymatic resistance to aminoglycosides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE006/document.
Full textAntibiotics are invaluable drugs to combat bacterial infections. Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa have led the World Health Organization to consider as a crucial priority the development of new therapeutic approaches to fight this bacterium. In addition to other alternatives, preservation of activity of major antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and colistin is primordial. Consequently, characterization of the resistance mechanisms to these drugs is a prerequisite to design novel molecules, and improve patient care. In this context, we show that mutations in gene fusA1 (encoding elongation factor EF-G1A) and in operon pmrAB (two-component system PmrAB) lead to an increased resistance to aminoglycosides in in vitro-selected mutants and strains isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients. Certain amino acid substitutions in EF-G1A confer a 2- to 16-fold increased resistance to the four aminoglycoside subclasses. On the other hand, amino acid variations in two-component system PmrAB activate the expression of genes PA4773-PA4774-PA4775, and production of norspermidine and spermidine. This upregulated polyamine biosynthesis is associated with a 4- to 16-fold decreased susceptibility to 4,6-di-substituted deoxystreptamine aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin). Moreover, our work reveals that the acquired resistance of pmrB mutants to colistin partially depends upon pump MexXY(OprM), a system that otherwise mediates intrinsic, adaptive and acquired resistance to aminoglycosides. Finally, we show that pmrB mutants overproduce azetidine-containing alkaloids by a quorum-sensing-regulated, nonribosomal peptide synthetase pathway. These alkaloids impair the virulence of P. aeruginosa in a Galleria mellonella infection model
Kobir, Ahasanul. "Physiological roles of Eukaryotic Hanks type Ser/Thr kinase in transition to stationary phase in Bacillus subtilis." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00911812.
Full textMurret-Labarthe, Claudie. "Caractérisation des systèmes à deux composantes chez Salmonella enterica sérovar Typhi." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21377.
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