Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système de retraite'
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Belkouch, Hicham. "Extension de la couverture sociale et réforme du système de retraite au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100159.
Full textThis thesis proposes an evaluation of the Moroccan pension system and its ongoing reform process, using a dynamic microsimulation model. It is structured around two distinct and complementary parts that allow us to build the scenario of extending pension coverage for non-salaried workers. Firstly, we study the nature of the demographic evolution facing the pension system, as well as the way the past reforms have tried to respond to it and the unresolved issues. Then, using data from the Office of the High Commissioner for Planning, we conduct an empirical study that measures informal employment, identifies its characteristics, its determinants and questions its purpose, wether if it’s incurred or chosen. The second part of this thesis consists, first of all, in describing all the work done on the construction of the dynamic microsimulation model. We then develop a detailed explanation of the steps and techniques adopted and written in the R language, using programming tools developed for the rewriting of the Destinie model of INSEE. Subsequently, we propose an evaluation of the last parametric reform of the Moroccan Pension Fund (2016), comparing it to projected changes in simulation using the programmed model. Finally, we use the same model to simulate reform options to create retirement coverage for informal workers
Rabaté, Simon. "Équilibrer le système de retraite : quelles réformes pour quels objectifs ?" Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE023/document.
Full textThis thesis brings together different evaluations of recent reforms of the French pension system using two complementaryapproaches: ex post evaluation using microeconometrics techniques and ex ante evaluation built on microsimulationmodelling.The first part of the thesis is based on microestimations using administrative data of the French Social Security agency (Cnav). We first use changes in the rules of mandatory retirement to identify an effect of labordemand on retirement behavior. In a second contribution we estimate the effect of the increase in the early retirement age implemented by the 2010 reform. Besides its effect over employment, we study thepotential substitution effects of the reform towards alternative schemes like unemployment insurance.The second part of the thesis focuses on evaluation by microsimulation. A first study evaluates the effect of the increase in therequired insurance duration implemented by the 2003 reform. The principle of the reform - preserving a constant ratio between work and retirement duration - is discussed on theoretical grounds, and then confronted with the long-term evolutions projected by the Insee Destinie model. Finally, we use the Pensipp model of the Institute of public policies to simulate the effect of originalreforms reducing the growth dependence of the pension system and the uncertainty over financial balance it generates
Brun-Schammé, Amandine. "Impact du vieillissement démographique sur le système de retraite français : contraintes macroéconomiques et comportements individuels." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354279.
Full textBonnet, Carole. "Inégalités et redistribution inter et intragénérationnelles : études quantitatives appliquées au système de retraite français." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0021.
Full textEleta, de Filippis Roxana. "La réforme du système de retraite en Argentine : historicité, dynamiques institutionnelles et rôle des acteurs." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010534.
Full textUsing the socio-historic method of analisis, this phd research about the argentinian pension system shows in its first part mecanisms that led. Already since 1994, to the introducing of private pension funds. The second part tends to make a critical evaluation of the amendment of the pension system. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the theorical study of the changes of the state roll. This research proposes to prove that the economical and financiary choices that led originally to the capitalisation of the pensions are first of all political and social alternatives. We think that these choices where made because of the appearence, on international level, of a new pension orthodoxy. If this phenomena is essential to explain the reform it is nevertheless inadequate. Indeed, the historical social stakes that shaped the institutionalisation of the pension cannot be underestimated. The pension amendment is less the result of a rational and neutral answer to the changes of the economical environment than the interpretation that the social actors make themselves of these changes
Hao, Fen-Ming. "La flexibilité du système des retraites : étude critique du cas français." Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020029.
Full textThis study takes the french case as an example to demonstrate that the pensions' system will adapt better to social, economic and population growth changes if it is operated in the context of a flexibility policy. We will look into the present french system, on the one hand, and on the other we will consider the future of this system and the prospects deriving from such a policy. The positive aspects are in no way overlooked, yet the organisation and operation of the french pensions system does not seem to be totality free from criticism, in that it appears ill-adapted to present and future constraints weighing on it. These drawbacks could nevertheless be ouvercome through the setting up of a flexibility policy, as regards both economy of the system and practice of the law. First of all, flexibility contributes to the dynamic functioning of the system and rationalisation of its financing also, it facilitates easing of the required conditions entitling one to retirement pension and modalities to end professional activity
Lopes, Ribeiro Mendes Fernando. "Retraites et équité intergénérationnelle : une approche contractualiste du système public de pensions portugais." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0015.
Full textThe issue of intergenerational equity raised by contemporary pay-as-you-go public pension schemes is approached in a perspective based on John Rawl's contractualist conception of social justice. This approach leads to the conception of a demo-economic index for ethical management of the public pension schemes, which might preserve pure procedural intergenerational justice. An empirical essay of the proposed methodology in the case of the Portuguese public pension schemes developed
Belhaj, Hanène. "Réforme du système de retraite français et financement par capitalisation : enjeux et évaluation." Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090058.
Full textUrbain, Bastien. "La construction juridique du système de retraite à l'épreuve de son financement." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D012.
Full textIn just under thirty years, the means of financing the retirement pension system have completely changed. The rules currently in force are characterised not only by their instability and complexity, but also by the fact that they suppose a total departure from the original rationale behind said system. Whereas the administrative and financial structure set up during the Liberation sought to instil an essentially contributive, corporativist and equitable scheme to cover the risk of “old age”, the reforms introduced since the beginning of the 1990s respond to an entirely different logic, more based on the concept of redistribution, universalism and equality in the eyes of the law. The present study aims to show that the means of financing the pension system are far from neutral. Provisions that at first glance can seem to be of a quintessentially technical or accounting nature in fact serve to reinforce, or even to weaken, the underlying principals of how to cover the risk of “old age”. Thereafter, there is a entire political and ideological vision of retirement in play. Before carrying out the much-needed reform of the pension system, it is therefore vital that we are aware of the import and scope of the various financial techniques that currently exist. Only by doing so can we pave the way for a coherent reform of the system, which is able to guarantee the balance of social accounts whilst also adhering to a regulatory and ideological framework that is clearly implemented and assumed
Coron, Gaël. "Union européenne et système de retraite français : une perspective de sociologie du droit." Metz, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006METZ022L.
Full textJyoung, Taik-Hwan. "Vieillissement de la population et durabilité financière : le cas du système national de retraite coréen." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010023.
Full textBelan, Pascal. "Le financement des retraites : incidence redistributive de la transition vers un système par capitalisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24012.
Full textArevalo, Hernandez Decsi. "Pourquoi le système de retraites colombien ne peut-il être universel ?" Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100072.
Full textThe main argument of the thesis is that the institutional organization of the retirement pension system has a twofold characterization : it does not coincide with the needs of protection that are derived from the labor market's operation and it does not neutralized the dynamic financiarization of the economy, which marches in opposition to the growth of the economic sector. In order to develop this argument, the thesis presents the following elements : a definition of the political and economic conditions on which the old model of pension was structured ; later, a study of the reform's political economy ; and at last, an analysis of the relationship between the retirement pension system and the financial and labor markets
Khaskhoussi, Tarek. "Réforme du système français de retraite et offre de travail en fin de cycle de vie." Le Mans, 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA2002.pdf.
Full textReimat, Anne. "La dynamique de longue durée du système français de prise en charge de la vieillesse dans sa relation au développement du système socioéconomique." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10034.
Full textTalfi, Mohamed. "Organisation des systèmes de retraite et modélisation des fonds de pension." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325943.
Full textCoulombe, Kévin. "Conséquences macroéconomiques de l'établissement de la rente longévité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26508.
Full textCe mémoire évalue les conséquences macroéconomiques de l'établissement d'une rente longévité telle que proposée en 2013 par le Rapport du comité d'experts sur l'avenir du système de retraite québécois, communément appelé le rapport d'Amours. L'outil d'analyse développé pour cette évaluation est une extension du modèle dynamique d'équilibre général (DSGE) à générations imbriquées (OLG) de Gertler (1999). Cette extension modifie la structure démographique du modèle d'origine en divisant le cycle de vie en trois stades ; le travail, la retraite active et la retraite inactive, et en attribuant une probabilité constante de décès à chacun de ces trois stades. Dans ce cadre théorique, les individus dans les deux premiers stades de vie ont la possibilité de participer au marché du travail, tandis que ceux arrivés au troisième stade ne travaillent plus et bénéficient de la rente longévité. Cette rente longévité est de type "pay-as-you-go (PAYG)" et elle est financée alternativement soit par une taxe forfaitaire, soit par un impôt proportionnel au revenu de travail. Le modèle est utilisé pour la simulation de trois scénarios de politiques : absence de rente, rente financée par une taxe forfaitaire, rente financée par un impôt sur le revenu de travail. Nos résultats suggèrent que la rente longévité occasionnerait des ajustements endogènes non négligeables. Ces ajustements devraient donc être pris en considération dans l'évaluation des coûts et des bénéfices de la proposition du rapport d'Amours.
Gbenyo, Kodzo-Kuma. "La réforme des retraites en France entre répartition et capitalisation : analyse économique de deux dilemnes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST3011.
Full textThis dissertation tries to define an optimal retirement system for France based on economic,social and financial criteria. It reviews the reforms that have been undertaken since thepublication of the Livre Blanc sur les retraites in 1991, and highlights additional measuresthat could be implemented to enhance these reforms. The dissertation is structured around twomain ideas: on the one hand, the main reforms (Balladur, 1993 and Fillon, 2003) are ofparametric nature and intend to preserve intergenerational solidarity; on the other hand, undercertain conditions, they can be improved by incorporating a funded system. The analysis relyon both a theoretical framework, notably overlapping generations models, and anempirical approach to assess the impact of additional capitalization on national saving.Overall, the dissertation aims to show that the authorities face two main dilemma whendealing with the retirement crisis: (1) keep the current retirement system, which does notencourage the elderly to remain in the workforce, or move toward a funded system at the riskof giving up intergenerational solidarity; (2) what dose, forms and regulations of fundingcould stimulate national savings?
Cherkaoui, Mounia. "Vieillissement, transition démographique et crise des systèmes de retraite : cas du Maroc." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE002.
Full textPension systems in Morocco are subject to increasing financial pressures. The problems of schemes are due to their low coverage, fragmented administration and systems' design and structure. All these factors have negative effects on incentives and aquity. Urgent reforms are necessary to ensure the sustainability of the shemes
Fernandez, André. "Étude comparée des systèmes de retraite français et espagnol : analyse des processus d'institutionnalisation des retraites des origines aux réformes récentes." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H118.
Full textFrom 1993 to 2003 the retirement issue has been a subject of conflicts in France. In Spain from 1995 to 2005 a more quiet reform has taken place with the Tolede pact, which led to a deep agreement of the political and the union forces. To start with, we have led a comparative study of the first institutions of the beginning of the twentieth century. Then we have described the pension schemes created in 1945 in France and in Spain with the new democracy. Each historical period for these institutions corresponded to strong political and social changes. We could thus deal with other types of issues : the protagonists, the interests and the ideas at stake, and the dependency built by the institutions from a compromise accepted by everyone. Today, the debates on the reforms still deal with this issue and the ideas which liven up these reforms reflect most often these situations
Drouhin, Jean-Nicolas. "Essai sur la logique économique des systèmes de retraite." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0006.
Full textAfter a survey of the intertemporal choice model, and the overlapping generation model, we set a formal definition of social security, and its different function and modality. We then introduce uncertainty of lifetime in an overlapping generation model with capital accumulation "a la diamond". Comparing the dynamics of an economy without social security with those of an economy with fully funded social security, we show that fully funded social security improves welfare at the cost of diminishing capital accumulation. We then discuss optimal social security, proving that the (realistic) assumption of uncertain lifetime induces different results than samuelson [1975j. In the two finals chapters we try to endogenize the age of retirement, considering both labor offer and demand
Maalaoui, Habib. "Trois essais sur les systèmes de retraite : contraintes financières, coordination internationale des réformes et éducation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24012.
Full textIn this thesis we presented three attempts on pensions. These three attempts represent our contribution. In a first time we studied a mixed system and we show that if individuals may borrow on their benefits, the effect of the funded pillar on physical capital accumulation and growth may be reduced even for a little variation of the capacity of borrowing. In a second time, we examined the coordination of reforms and particularly the transition form a Pay-As-You-Go to a funded system in a two country overlapping generations model. By analysing the timing of the transition, we showed with numerical simulations that the collective transition is preferable to the unilateral one except for the first generation which bears the coast of transition. Our third contribution examined the interactions between pensions and education. We showed that education may contribute to resolve the pensions finance problem
Prats, Elise. "Outils pour une comparaison statistique des systèmes de retraite : un essai de classification sur onze pays." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131015.
Full textMost retirement systems are faced today with demographic ageing difficulties. The examination of foreign experiences provides many teachings about the characteristics and adaptation processes of different retirement systems. International comparisons are nevertheless delicate to carry out. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a comparison tool for retirement systems, in order to characterize and classify them according to a multi-criteria approach based on institutional and statistic observation. The comparison is focused on the diversity and coherence of eleven countries' retirement systems. The method that was used is data analysis. From this method, which enables to explore complex masses of information, a new typology of retirement schemes is brought out, and confronted with usual typologies. The analysis of different layouts drawn from the classification allows to better understand the choice of reforms launched by each country
El, Hajj Hassan Sleiman Rakhsat. "Conséquences du vieillissement démographique et des réformes des systèmes de retraites sur les flux de capitaux en Europe." Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090049.
Full textWe present a quantitative analysis of the impact of differential ageing processes and pension reforms on intra-European capital flows. To this end, we develop a general equilibrium model three European countries: France, Germany and Netherlands. We show that the dynamics of capital accumulation and pension system sustainability are different, depending on specific economic openness. Two main conclusions may be drawn from the simulations made with the help of various scenarios. On the one hand, the agents’ behaviour concerning their activity rate and labour market participation is a determinant variable. On the other hand, public pension systems are unsustainable and generate important public debt which strongly weights on economic growth
Le, Garrec Gilles. "Analyse macroéconomique des systèmes de retraite : prime à l'éducation, redistribution et croissance." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010048.
Full textBen, Othman Mouna. "Effets macroéconomiques des systèmes de retraite : simulations de réformes pour la Tunisie." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0027/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the social security reform debate which is becoming an up-to-date concern with an aging population context. In this research, we analyze the impact of the macroeconomic and welfare effects of the pay-as-you-go system and of its reform especially during the transition. In this perspective we developed an overlapping generation model based on a general equilibrium framework. Our model takes into account the evolution of the Tunisian demographic structure. Results from simulations suggest that a social security reform combining a decrease in the replacement rate, an increase in the contribution rate and a five year increase in the retirement age have positive financial effects. However, it has negative effects on savings and on capital stock in the economy. According to our model, a fully funded pillar introduction, keeping total contribution rate constant, has a positive impact on macroeconomic variables. Nevertheless, this reform hurts the transitional generations welfare. Using these results, we propose a two-step reform of the Tunisian retirement system which introduces a fully funded pillar. This reform proposal can insure financial equilibrium of the retirement system until 2040
Lemonde, Maxime. "Conception et évaluation de deux systèmes de retrait de la charge azotée provenant de l’effluent d’un système de digestion anaérobie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11528.
Full textHachon, Christophe. "Essais sur la taille et le caractère redistributif des systèmes de retraite par répartition." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354443.
Full textBchir, Mohamed Hedi. "Genèse et avenir des systèmes de retraite : enjeux théoriques et application au cas français." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010055.
Full textFenou, Akouété-Tognikin. "Dette publique et systèmes de retraite : quels impacts sur les taux d'intérêt des obligations gouvernementales." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7513.
Full textMukanda-Bantu, Kalasa. "Systèmes de retraite et comportement de reproduction dans les pays en développement : cas de Kinshasa, Zaïre." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0017.
Full textSub-Saharan countries still have high level of fertility while poverty concerns a large majority of the population. From econometric and microeconomic studies, it appears that retirement programmes have negative effects on fertility and poverty levels. This is partly due to their effect on fertility and partly because their main aim is to provide material resources to retired people. The main implication of this study is that workers with retirement plans would no longer be necessary for them to produce large number of children, to provide for their financial security in their old age. These modifications are subject to socio-cultural, economic and institutional conditions which prevail in society. Any change in behavior towards contraception will only take place when these factors themselves have been taken into consideration, finally allowing fertility rates to decline
Bérenger, Valérie. "Interrogations théoriques sur l'équivalence des systèmes de financement de la retraite en termes de finances publiques." Nice, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0003.
Full textOur work deals with the existence of some interferences between the question concerning the choice of financing method of public pension scheme : pay-as-you-go versus funded system and the financing of government budget : tax versus debt financing. Our purpose is to show the necessity to consider the payg versus funded debate in the general framework of fiscal policy. With this aim in view, we initiate filtering of the theoretical literature relative to the pension schemes' macroeconomics incidence in counterpoint to the public debt theory. We start from a rudimentary overlapping generations model whose enrichement allows to take account for characteristic intergenerational aspects of the different evolution's phases of the financing pension schemes. This approach leads us to identify the functioning of payg to the process of renewal of borrowing between overlapping generations and to emphasize the characteristics of a collective funded pension system. After the establishment of analoggies, we consider the coexistence of the government with the public pension system in order to take account for the role played in the last resort by the government in the financing of the retirement system and the role of this latter as a tool of overall fiscal policy. The demonstration of proposal reforms' flaws and the identification of conceptual divergences concerning social insurance leads uto insert payg versus funded system debate in the context of the public debt policy. The investigation of debates which emerged at the time of the different phases of the evolution of the american social security system makes possible to establish a link between the financing of retirement public system and the functional features of public finances. An equivalence thesis becomes apparent from this study
Lechevalier, Arnaud. "Économie politique des systèmes publics d'assurance-vieillesse : une comparaison entre la République fédérale d'Allemagne et la France." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010003.
Full textThe economic analysis of the mechanisms of intergeneration transfers brought into play by the "pay-as-you go" (payg) public pension schemes is the subjet matter of this reserach. It is a matter of explaining, by comparison, the motives, the content and the consequences of the french and german public policies during the last twenty years, including the conversion resulting from the reunification of the east-german public pension scheme. With this view the payg systeme is interpreted in this thesis as an intergeneration debt transfer mechanism. The thesis also questions the historical emergence of such systems within the labor relationship ans deals with the problels of coordination (both intra-and intergeneration) wich are thus raised within the context ofd a collective action model making it possible to distinguish different modes of coordination. The dynamics and the crisis of the state pension schemes are then analysed from the confrontation of two models of social protection - the insurance model and the tax transfer model - wich are based on two different modes of coordination. The confrontation of these two models also makes it possible to analyse the main debates concerning the social security benefits as much as the financing, but also to exoplain and evaluate the state policies followed in each country, according to the types of coordination most dominant between the actors on each national labor market. So, the reforms of state pension schemes carried out in france and germany at the turning point of the mineties and the conversion of the east german sytem been studied from that viewpoint
Khaskhoussi, Tarek Langot François. "Réforme du système français de retraite et offre de travail en fin de cycle de vie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2008/2008LEMA2002.pdf.
Full textBelnou, Florent. "Mullitisation et inhibition du retrait dans des systèmes multioxydes : alumine-zircon et porcelaine alumineuse." Grenoble INPG, 2002. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01697395.
Full textBecker, Christian. "Systèmes polymérisables à faible retrait et études de matériaux pour la stéréolithographie à laser CO2." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_BECKER_C.pdf.
Full textRiche, Jérémie. "La réaction alcali-silice : approche cinétique et mécanisme d'expansion : étude du système silex-chaux-potasse à 80°C." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-39.pdf.
Full textGoulet, Frédéric. "L'innovation par retrait : reconfiguration des collectifs sociotechniques et de la nature dans le développement de techniques culturales sans labour." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29025.
Full textThe modernist and productivist model of development in agriculture was built on the expansion of science and technologies. Challenging it implies the emergence of original forms of practices and of collectives. We question in this research the sociotechnical processes which accompany these transformations, based on the development of no-tillage and conservation agriculture as a case of " innovation by withdrawal". The latter is based on the suppression of an artifact and of actions associated with it (the plough and tillage), to the benefit of natural objects which may substitute them (the soil and its biological activity). Our results shows that this "actancialisation" of nature does not simply translate into a transformed relationship of practitioners with nature. Natural objects are engaged within various collectives and regimes of action, and therefore take part in an evolution of the frameworks of socialization of practitioners and their identities. This withdrawal corresponds moreover, for actors searching for meaning and new practices through objects and practices with a symbolic character, to a willingness to dissociate themselves from predefined categories of actors and modes of organization which they associate with the modernist model and its failures. Thus innovation by withdrawal reveals professional and epistemic tensions that take place among farmers and actors of agronomic research, and the corresponding recompositions in the form of segments or communities. It also explains how private input providers free themselves from these tensions and become essential actors of the innovation processes
Michas-Béguerie, Sophie. "Régimes privés de retraites complémentaires : essai de comparaison des systèmes allemand, anglais et français dans une perspective communautaire." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100156.
Full textThe analysis of the current private pension schemes requires a good understanding of the basic schemes. Variations in the range of benefits provided for by the public scheme indeed explain the unequal space left to private initiatives to bring extra revenue once they have ceased working. The origins of these occupational pension schemes also explain the regulations ruling the administrating institutions and the links between employers, their staff and pension funds. Various types of institutions are in charge of pension’s management. The comparisons between schemes highlight the employer's supremacy on English and German occupational pensions. In France, the analysis of a few juridical questions shows part of the nature of ties among intervening parties. The study of pension schemes clearly points out the challenges they face and their variable nature. Beyond the domestic issues, European challenges materialize and question both the current pension schemes and the future of national superannuation funds. The study of European social law as introduced by the treaty of Rome (equal treatment between men and women, free movement of workers) together with its liberal economic policy outlines the differences in both structure and philosophy of pension schemes that will impede the adoption of common orientations
Rhomari, Maria. "La réforme des systèmes de retraite dans les pays en développement et l'extension de la couverture à l'emploi informel : Application au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090005/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates pension reforms in developing countries, their ability to provide retirees with a decent income, and the issue of extending their coverage to the entire population, including informal workers. The first two chapters assess the transition from pay-as-you-go to fully funded or multipillar schemes. A case study based on macro-data and pension funds data from 7 Latin American countries show that such reforms had very low effect on coverage rates and labour formalization and did not succeed in protecting people from old-age poverty. The third chapter describes the Moroccan pension system and shows that the reform currently in discussion is not sufficient either to achieve this goal. The last two chapters are empirical studies based on Moroccan labour force survey and household survey data. The first one draws a complete panorama of the non-contributing share of the population and estimates the probability of informal employment depending on both individual and professional characteristics. The second one studies the economic lives of the elderly. Overall results confirm that the informal labour market is heterogeneous and that most informal jobs are involuntary, not a choice made by workers to avoid paying taxes and social security contributions. It also appears that households that include aged members are poorer, the intergenerational cohabitation is high and therefore, creating a solidarity pension will help alleviate poverty at a cost not exceeding 0.5% of GDP
Postic, Marie. "Auto-organisation de matériaux multi-échelles par séchage : des mécanismes de retrait des ménisques dans un milieu poreux modèle à la cristallisation de nanoparticules." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S127.
Full textThe multi-scale organization of materials can give them specific physical properties making them interesting devices for applications in many fields that include optics and bio-detection. It is possible to achieve a hierarchical organization of nanoparticles via the evaporation of a colloidal suspension on a micro-textured surface. This work focuses on the self-organization of multi-scale materials through the drying of complex fluids in a porous medium consisting of an assembly of regularly arranged micron-sized pillars. More specifically, we have studied experimentally the physical mechanisms behind the retraction of menisci that occurs during the drying of a solution of surfactants and leads to the formation of dried-liquid films between pillars. In addition, we have developed a simple model based on experimental observations that allows us to predict the evolution of most of the macroscopic features of the drying drop, that is, its area, its perimeter, and the morphology of the obtained films. Then, we studied the drying of suspensions containing quantum dots functionalized with amphiphilic molecules and we characterized the resulting material using several techniques, including small angle X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. We conclude with a generalization of this technique to the drying of suspensions containing other particles such as gold nanorods and semiconducting nanorods
Desbois, Tiffany. "Stabilité et durabilité des hydrates du système clinker sulfoalumineux-gypse." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00512113.
Full textCridelich, Carine caroline. "Influence of retraint systems during an automobile crash : prediction of injuries for frontal impact sled tests based on biomechanical data mining." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2009.
Full textSafety is one of the most important considerations when buying a new car. The car has to achievecrash tests defined by the legislation before being selling in a country, what drives to the developmentof safety systems such as airbags and seat belts. Additionally, ratings like EURO NCAP and US NCAPenable to provide an independent evaluation of the car safety. Frontal sled tests are thus carried outto confirm the protection level of the vehicle and the results are mainly based on injury assessmentreference values derived from physical parameters measured in dummies.This doctoral thesis presents an approach for the treatment of the input data (i.e. parameters ofthe restraint systems defined by experts) followed by a classification of frontal sled tests accordingto those parameters. The study is only based on data from the passenger side, the collected datafor the driver were not enough completed to produce satisfying results. The main objective is tocreate a model that evaluates the input parameters’ influence on the injury severity and helps theengineers having a prediction of the sled tests results according to the chosen legislation or rating.The dummy biomechanical values (outputs of the model) have been regrouped into clusters in orderto define injuries groups. The model and various algorithms have been implemented in a GraphicalUser Interface for a better practical daily use
Prata, Lúcia Joaquina Almeida. "Novas lógicas de transição dos sistemas de segurança social: os sistemas de pensões mistos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16484.
Full textMenant, Armel. "Du manteau à la croûte, dynamique de subduction et systèmes minéralisés en Méditerranée orientale." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2048/document.
Full textSubduction zones display a major economic interest, in terms of mineral resources, with mainly copper and gold deposits. While many studies focus on ore-forming physico-chemical mechanisms, the control of geodynamic processes on such deposits remains poorly investigated. In this study, I track tridimensional (3D) subduction-related mantle and crustal processes that promote ore genesis. The eastern Mediterranean subduction zone is a relevant study area to explore subduction-mineralization interactions, because of its complex tectonic and magmatic evolution and the large number of available metallogenic data. This work consisted in (1) performing a new kinematic reconstruction model of this region, (2) using this model, characterizing the spatial and temporal distribution of magmatic and ore occurrences, (3) evidencing, on the field, the relations between mineralization and large-scale tectonic structures and (4) providing physical constrains to proposed conceptual models, using 3D thermo-mechanical numerical modeling. Two main metallogenic provinces are evidenced: a late Cretaceous copper-rich and an Oligocene-Miocene lead-zinc- then gold-rich provinces emplaced in an arc and back-arc context, respectively. These metallogenic periods are controlled by the subduction zone retreat and associated asthenospheric flow that results in an extensional (or transtensional) tectonic regime in the overriding lithosphere, promoting ore genesis. Their metal content, as well as their typology then depend on (1) how much these processes affect the subduction kinematics and (2) the past geodynamic evolution of this subduction zone
Nait-Sidi-Moh, Ahmed. "Contribution à la modélisation, l'analyse et la commande des systèmes à événements discrets par les réseaux de Petri et l'algèbre (max, plus) : Application aux systèmes de transport." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467580.
Full textAldoqi, Ayman. "Analysis of the Optimal Choice of Pension System in Palestine." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED071/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to explore the optimal choice of retirement system for the Palestinian case motivated primarily by the problems of high poverty rate and the noticeably low coverage rate of social security.Accordingly, the first chapter focused on the environmental analysis of the Palestinian case. The second chapter focused on the literature review of social security. The third chapter explores the access rate to social security systems in each aspect of social security by socioeconomic characteristics. While, fourth chapter present an econometric analysis about the decision to participate at the pension system. Finally, chapter five presents and discusses guidelines for an optimal alternative pension reform followed by a projection test for proposed parameters of DB scheme using PROST model (World Bank) in several scenarios. The results determined the most important characteristics that increase the probability to participate to a pension system. Further, the projection shows the proper contribution rates in each unemployment scenario and its impact on the balance of the system and adequacy of income given the specific situation of females in Palestine
Rodriguez, Anna Maria Meyer Maciel. "O processo da judicialização da saúde como via de acesso à atenção integral: o retrato de um município de grande porte do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-08012015-102824/.
Full textThe judicialization of health is a current and relevant phenomenon in the context of public policies as well as in the constitutional guarantee of the right to health. In view of its importance in the Brazilian sphere, the objective in this quantitative-qualitative study was to analyze the elements of the decision process and the administrative procedures to verify the infringement of individual citizens\' rights in Ribeirão Preto, SP, claimed to the Public Health Management Office at the Department of Civil Justice in the city\'s Public Prosecutor\'s Office. In the first phase of the research, documentary analysis was used, consulting secondary data about the procedures, directly collected from the Department, as the primary source. The following variables were collected: sex, date of birth, users\' city of origin and problem; claim; health service that requested the demands; measures taken by the Department and tools used in the analysis of the claims. The data were analyzed considering the simple frequencies of the variables. In the second research phase, primary data were produced through semistructured interviews, based on an intentional sample of subjects involved in the process. The data were analyzed using some elements of thematic content analysis and guided by previously defined themes. The outcomes of the quantitative phase revealed that: among the 674 claims, the most demanded items were diapers and medicines, with 33.4% and 29.6% of the claims, and 59.3% came from women. More than half of the claims - 58.7% - came from elderly persons and 22.7% suffered from sleep disorders; 45.6% of the users received care in the public health sector. In this universe, 47.3% of the claims turned into public civil cases and 22% were filed. The instruments used to analyze the claims are: legal planning, scientific evidence, user\'s history, home visits, rationalization principle of resources in the sector and the CASE. In their discourse, the interviewees highlighted their understanding of the health- disease process; emphasized individual, society\'s and the State\'s accountability in the processes related to health and disease; evoked the concept of citizenship and the circumstances that promote wellbeing; indicated the relevance of judicial intervention to guarantee the access denied by the Executive power and shared work routines, acknowledging the relevance of qualifying the claims, through the CASE, for the management, with a view to the rationalization of public resources, as well as for the users, by guaranteeing access to judgment. It was also evidenced that non-judicial routes are present to get access to health: the administrative route, which receives demands for some health products, the search for social service entities and the family itself. In conclusion, from a comprehensive care perspective, judicialization is a route that can: reveal health needs the sector does not welcome and guarantee access to material health resources the area has not incorporated yet. On the other hand, it can help the Public Health Management in the reorganization of the access to health system actions and services, permitting adjustments that address the needs in the light of constitutional guarantees
Berthet, Johan. "L’évolution géomorphologique des systèmes torrentiels proglaciaires de la vallée de Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, une approche du couplage sédimentaire de la fin du Petit Age Glaciaire au désenglacement récent." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA009/document.
Full textSince the end of Little Ice Age, glaciers of the Mont blanc massif are retreating and large sediment volume are releasing from the ice. Thus, sediment supply, which is a main control factor of the proglacial stream geomorphic activity, could be deeply modified. Therefore, the consequences on the sediment fluxes and the risk management need to be understanding because of the present acceleration of glacier retreat and urban sprawl in the Chamonix valley. The goal of this thesis is to study the sediment coupling between stream systems and areas released by glaciers. A first approach allows understanding the geomorphic trajectory of proglacial system at the Chamonix scale since the end of the Little Ice Age. Our results supported by modelling and archives analyses, show the decreasing capacity of the hydrographic pattern to be connected with sediment sources. The second approach is lead on the LiDAR DEM multi-temporal comparison. It focuses on the three main proglacial systems: Argentière, Mer de Glace and Bossons, whom occurred a decennal flood during the 2014 summer. This part of our study underlines the storage efficiency into deglaciated areas and the increasing role of anthropic forcing. Present sediment yield to proglacial stream is leaded by facilities such as the Mont Blanc Tunnel substructure or the subglacial harnessing. Our results show that the decreasing geomorphic activity of proglacial stream in the Chamonix valley is mainly caused by glacier retreat from the early 18th Century to the middle 20th century, then it is leaded by the increasing human pressure. Nevertheless, the fall of stream activity is punctuated by extreme events, such as the 1920 flood in the Arveyron of the Mer de Glace that we reconstructed the geomorphic consequences. Despite their intensity, effects of that king of events are limited close to the glacier downstream. Contrary to our initial hypotheses, glacier retreat in the Chamonix Valley, is not follow by a geomorphic crisis of proglacial streams because of the disconnectivity between sediment released from the ice and stream systems
Xie, Ailing. "Optimization of wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) in robust cementitious systems." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8859.
Full textRésumé : Les cendres de boues de désencrage (CBD) sont générées par une centrale de cogénération par combustion boues de désencrage. Ils se composent principalement de phase amorphe d'aluminosilicate, anhydrite, gehlenite, calcite, chaux, C2S, C3A, quartz, anorthite, des traces de mayénite. En raison de leur teneur en chaux libre (~ 10%), CBD ont un pH élevé (13). Les chercheurs précédents ont montré que la composition des CDB a une mauvaise robustesse et les variations conduisent à une certaine inconsistance pour le béton avec un mélange de ciment Portland (CP) et des CBD. Cette thèse a porté sur l'utilisation des CBD dans différents types de mélanges de béton pour éviter l'effet délétère de l'expansion due à l'hydratation des CBD. Par conséquent, les CBD ont été utilisées dans la fabrication des matériaux à activation alcaline (MAA), en tant que source précurseur et comme activateur potentiel en tenant compte de sa teneur en matière amorphe et la nature très alcaline des CBD. De plus, le retrait endogène du béton avec CP à faible rapport E/L a été utilisé afin de compenser l'effet d'expansion en raison des CBD. Les propriétés du béton ainsi que le changement de volume ont été étudiés pour le béton mélangé avec des CBD modifiés. Le mécanisme réactionnel et la microstructure du liant nouvellement formé a été évaluée par la diffraction aux rayons X diffraction (DRX), calorimétrie, l'analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG), microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) et spectroscopie à dispersion d'énergie aux rayons X (DEX). Quand les CBD ont été utilisés comme précurseur, les résultats ont montré des réactions incompatibles entre CBD et une solution alcaline. Les mélanges ne sont pas maniables et donnent de très faibles résistances en compression, peu importe le type d'activateurs chimiques utilisés. Cela est dû à l'aluminium métallique dans les CBD, qui permet de libérer de l'hydrogène gazeux en abondance quand les CBD réagissent avec une solution alcaline forte. D'ailleurs, les résultats de ces recherches ont montré que les CBD peuvent activer la phase amorphe contenue dans le laitier, poudre de verre (PV) et les cendres volantes de classe F (CVF) avec un rapport de mélange optimal de 50:50. Un mortier avec un rapport massique 50:50 de CBD et de laitier (E/L de 0,47) atteint 46 MPa à 28 jours sans l’aide d’un murissement à chaud. Une prise rapide significative a été notée pour le liant CBD activé en raison de la phase C3A, chaux libre et l’aluminium métallique impliqué dans les CBD. L’ajout de 5% de gypse peut retarder la prise rapide, mais augmente grandement le risque potentiel de l’attaque au sulfate interne. Le DRX, ATG et l’analyse calorimétrique ont démontré la formation d'ettringite, C-S-H, la portlandite, hydrogrenat et carboaluminate de calcium dans le liant hydraté. Les différentes performances mécaniques du liant ont été étroitement liées à la microstructure correspondante qui a été prouvée par le MEB. Les liants hydratés CBD/laitier et CBD/CVF ont formé un type de gel C-A-S-H avec un faible rapport Ca/Si (0,47 ~ 1,6). On a observé un gel hybride (à savoir C-N-A-S-H) pour le liant CBD/PV avec un des très faibles rapports Ca/Si (0,26) et Na/Si (0,03). Les analyses MEB/DRX ont montré une formation de gel expansive (d’ettringite et de thaumasite) dans le gypse ajouté au béton avec les CBD et le laitier. L'émission progressive de l'hydrogène gazeux en raison de la réaction des CBD dans un environnement alcaline a augmenté la porosité et la dégradation de la microstructure de matrice hydratée après la prise. Dans la dernière phase de cette recherche, le liant avec un mélange de CBD et de CP a été développé pour former un retrait autogène élevé, afin de compenser l'expansion initiale. Différents liants ont été préparés avec le CP, CBD, la fumée de silice ou du laitier. La microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques du béton peuvent être améliorées en diminuant les rapports E/L et en incorporant la fumée de silice ou du laitier. La résistance en compression à 28 jours du béton aux CBD était supérieure à 22 MPa et atteint 45MPa lorsqu'on a ajouté de la fumée de silice. Le béton avec du CP incorporant de la fumée de silice ou du laitier ont tendance à développer un retrait endogène plus élevée à de faibles rapports E/L, et donc le liant ternaire avec l'ajout des CBD réduit le retrait à long terme en raison de la propriété d’expansion initiale des CBD. Dans l'essai de retrait empêché, l'anneau en béton incorporant le liant ternaire (CP/CBD/laitier) a révélé un potentiel négligeable à la fissuration jusqu'à 96 jours en raison de l'effet de décalage de l'expansion des CBD. Des liants modifiés avec des CBD peuvent être utilisés dans des mélanges de béton ordinaire pour des applications potentielles avec des expansions réduites, des bonnes propriétés mécaniques et une faible perméabilité.