Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système de (vol)'
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Provini, Pauline. "Etude morpho-fonctionnelle du système pelvien des oiseaux : nouveaux élements sur l'origine du vol." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077109.
Full textThe acquisition of flight is an important step in the evolution of dinosaurs. Two classical hypothesis are invoked to explain its origin, the "arboreal" theory and the "cursorial" theory. Each of them is based on different interpretations of the pelvic-system functions (Le. The pelvis and the hindlimbs) in a saurischian dinosaurs group, called theropods: In the cursorial theory, propulsion during take-off is fundamental, whereas in the arboreal theory, dampening the impact during landing is the main constraint. Biomechanical analyses of take-off and landing in two species of modem birds, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) and the diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata), have helped to highlight the mechanical constraints during those two fundamental phases of flight. The integration of global kinematic data on the birds' center of mass, ground reaction forces, and aerodynamic data, allowed the quantification of the relative contribution of wings and legs during take-off and landing. Our data demonstrated the prominent role of the legs in the propulsion during take-off and the force absorption during landing. A more detailed kinematic analysis, using X-ray methods (XROMM) revealed the importance of not only the legs but also the trunk during both take-off and landing. The trunk is moving forward during take-off and backward during landing and is associated with the femur, highlighting the existence of two functional Systems, the trunk and the femur on the one hand and the distal part of the hindlimbs on the other hand. The functional link between the femur and the trunk in the locomotion of modem birds, especially take-off and landing, prompted us to analyze the relative proportions of the different trunk parts, and the correlations between the trunk and hindlimb segments proportions, among theropods. Morphological measurements were obtained on mounted-skeletons of modem birds and on paleontological reconstructions of fossils. The comparison of these two data sets provides new elements on the evolution of flight and of the morphological requirements for the origin of flight It provided elements to infer the abilities of fossils to take-off and land, hence to fly
Sidibé, Souleymane. "Optimisation des trajectoires d'un système de gestion de vol d'avions pour la réduction des coûts de vol." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2014. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1324/1/SIDIB%C3%89_Souleymane.pdf.
Full textHygounenc, Emmanuel. "Modélisation et commande d'un dirigeable pour le vol autonome." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30174.
Full textGrabas, Hervé. "Développement d'un système de mesure de temps de vol picoseconde dans l'expérience ATLAS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982076.
Full textBascove, Matthieu. "Etude du système immunitaire d'un amphibien et analyse des effets de l'environnement sur sa réponse humorale." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10129/document.
Full textDurant ma thèse, j'ai participé à la caractérisation des isotypes de chaînes lourdes d'anticorps chez le pleurodèle (Pleurodeles waltl, amphibien urodèle) et à la mise en évidence d'un nouvel isotype d'anticorps : les IgP. J'ai également montré que chaque chaîne lourde a son équivalent humain. Les IgM du pleurodèle sont l'équivalent des IgM humaines. Les IgY sont exprimées principalement au niveau des muqueuses tout comme les IgA humaines. Enfin, les IgP sont observées majoritairement chez les larves et ont une diversité plus faible que les IgM. Ces deux caractéristiques sont partagées avec les anticorps produits par les cellules B1. Ces travaux m'ont ensuite permis d'aborder l'impact d'un séjour de longue durée dans l'espace sur la réponse immunitaire humorale, c'est-à-dire la réponse médiée par les anticorps qui, jusqu'à présent, a été très peu étudiée. L'équipe Développement et Immunogénétique, JE 2537, a immunisé des pleurodèles lors d'un séjour de 5 mois à bord de la station spatiale Mir et a montré que les chaînes lourdes d'IgM produites en réponse à la stimulation antigénique sont fabriquées à partir de gènes des familles VHII et VHVI. Cependant ces familles sont utilisées dans des proportions différentes chez les animaux immunisés dans Mir. Mes travaux ont permis d'approfondir ces résultats par une étude des gènes VHII et VHVI utilisés dans ces chaînes lourdes. J'ai ainsi montré qu'un seul gène VHII et quatre gènes VHVI (A, B, C et D) sont utilisés par les animaux immunisés. Les gènes VHII, VHVI.C et VHVI.D sont plus exprimés chez les animaux immunisés dans Mir alors que l'expression des gènes VHVI.A et VHVI.B est fortement diminuée chez ces mêmes animaux. Ces résultats démontrent clairement que le séjour dans Mir a affecté la réponse immunitaire humorale de ces animaux. Ces observations pourraient résulter d'un changement de la distribution et de sélection des lymphocytes B dans l'espace. Par ailleurs, j'ai décrit pour la première fois les effets d'un séjour dans l'espace sur les hypermutations somatiques. Avant d'étudier ce phénomène, j'ai isolé et caractérisé chez le pleurodèle l'ARNm codant l'effecteur indispensable pour ces mutations : la protéine AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase). J'ai ainsi montré que cette protéine est bien présente et conservée dans cette espèce. J'ai ensuite mis en évidence et caractérisé pour la première fois le phénomène des hypermutations somatiques chez le pleurodèle. Pour cela, j'ai étudié les profils des mutations observées, cartographié ces dernières et calculé leur fréquence. Ces différents critères ont été comparés entre les animaux immunisés sur Terre et les animaux immunisés à bord de la station Mir. Ainsi, j'ai pu montrer que la fréquence des hypermutations somatiques est diminuée chez les pleurodèles immunisés dans Mir. Cette diminution n'est pas due à un changement de la transcription d'AID mais pourrait être due à une diminution de la survie des lymphocytes B dans l'espace
Crébassol, Dominique Le Bouar. "Devenir du système cardio-vasculaire en impesanteur : à propos d'une étude en simulation et d'un vol orbital de un mois." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11081.
Full textPlantin, de Hugues Philippe. "Etude du système tourbillonnaire généré en extrémité de pale d'un rotor d'hélicoptère en vol stationnaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX22051.
Full textGheorghe, Anca. "Détection robuste et précoce de l'embarquement et du grippage dans le système de commandes de vol." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879224.
Full textGheorghe, Anca. "Détection robuste et précoce de l’embarquement et du grippage dans le système de commandes de vol." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14801/document.
Full textThe research work done in this PhD has been carried out under an industrial convention (CIFRE) between the IMS laboratory (Bordeaux University, France) and Airbus Operations S.A.S. (Toulouse, France). The thesis deals with two important Electrical Flight Control System failure cases: runaway (a.k.a. hard over) and jamming (or lock-in-place failure) of aircraft control surfaces. Early and robust detection of such failures is an important issue for achieving sustainability goals and for early system reconfiguration. The thesis focuses on the elevator runaway and jamming. Three model-based monitoring strategies are presented. The first approach is based on a dedicated Kalman filtering with optimised tuning parameters. The second method is based on a decision test applied to an identified sensitive direction in the parametric space. Finally, the third solution is based on a sliding mode differentiator. The techniques have been implemented in the flight control computer and validated on Airbus test facilities and during real flight tests. The experimental results confirmed that good level of performance and robustness can be obtained
Duval, Jérôme. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un système d'actionneurs AMF répartis pour le contrôle de forme électroactif de voilures aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7266/1/duval.pdf.
Full textGagné, Jocelyn. "Nouvelle méthode d’optimisation du coût d’un vol par l’utilisation d’un système de gestion de vol et sa validation sur un avion Lockheed L-1011 TriStar." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1141/1/GAGN%C3%89_Jocelyn.pdf.
Full textCailliau, Damien. "Maintenance du logiciel de vol de véhicules spatiaux scientifiques par le biais de la reconfiguration dynamique." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066538.
Full textJeandel, Jérémy. "Effets de stress associés aux vols spatiaux sur le système du complément et les cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0198_JEANDEL.pdf.
Full textDuring spaceflights, astronauts encounter numerous stresses leading to immune system impairment. Given the scarcity of space missions, simulation models are used on Earth to study the effects of spaceflight-associated stresses on the immune system. The aim of this thesis was to study the effects of spaceflight-associated stresses on the complement system and on dendritic cells (DC). First, we studied the effects of individual or combined spaceflight-associated stresses on the C3 molecule expression in amphibians and mice. We showed that some of these stresses such as microgravity increased the C3 complement expression in P. waltl larvae but no variation were found in mice subjected to simulated microgravity (hindlimb unloading model). We also studied the effects of simulated microgravity by RPM on murine DC phenotype and function. We showed that RPM exposure impaired both DC actin cytoskeleton and survival. Moreover, DC exposed to simulated microgravity showed an immature phenotype characterized by a decrease of co-stimulation molecule expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, which are essentials for DC functions. However, these numerous alterations did not affect antigen presentation to T cells. Taken together, these results highlight the significant effects of spaceflight-associated stresses on the immune system. Studying microgravity will allow to better understand its effects on health and to develop adapted countermeasures
Andrade, André de. "Conception intégrée par optimisation multicritère d’un système d’actionnement pour le conditionnement d’air d’un avion plus électrique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0145.
Full textThe concept of More Electric Aircraft (MEA) implies new challenges especially due to the increase of the electrical embedded power. By this way, necessary improvements in terms of safety, energy efficiency and weight reduction are required. For this reason, the design of devices should be more approached with a view to the whole system than as separated elements. In order to facilitate power system integration and to ensure power quality aboard, this dissertation proposes an Integrated Optimal Design (IOD) of the input filter and the inverter feeding the High Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (HSPMSM) by taking the flight mission into account. The Environmental Conditioning System (ECS) is equipped of the studied cabin air compressor with a rated power of 70 kW: a Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is applied to achieve the CIO process. Considering the ECS as a whole, this thesis can be divided into three main parts: components sizing of the electromechanical conversion chain; local and sequential design of each system components (HSPMSM optimization loop followed by “voltage source inverter + input filter” optimization loop); simultaneous design of all system components (global optimization loop). Pareto-optimal solutions obtained from sequential and simultaneous design approaches are presented, analyzed and compared. Results clearly highlight the advantage of using a single optimization loop for the whole system in order to improve mass and efficiency
Lambertz, Daniel. "Adaptabilité des propriétés élastiques et de l'excitabilité du système musculo-squelettique des fléchisseurs plantaires : application au vol spatial et à la maturation." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1431.
Full textLe, Moulec Eliaz. "Pour un renouvellement du système répressif dit des atteintes juridiques aux biens." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G001.
Full textJuridical infringements to property represent a considerable part of criminal activity. The incriminations which can enable to punish them have, therefore, to play an essential role. Their significant lifespan as well as their importance contribute to explain their real value as a model, assigned to them by the criminal doctrine. Going beyond the limits of special criminal law, they won, in the general criminal law publications, the status of recurrent examples. Isn’t it to robbery, swindle, and breach of trust that the doctrine traditionally appeal to illustrate respectively the notions of unique offence, of complex offence and of condition precedent? However, it is not sure that those incriminations are truly up to this role of “exemplary nature”, that one claims to make them have. A study of the literature shows, on the contrary, a part of the criminal law where the critics have become extremely numerous and powerful. The right to blame freely, that the doctrine has, according to the Professor GARÇON, is used a lot. In particular, it doesn’t seem to spare any player of the juridical construction: the doctrine doesn’t only doubts the legislative and jurisprudential work, but it also deeply doubts itself. This thesis therefore considers a renewal of the repressive system, said of the juridical infringements to property, by especially using the resources of the civil and comparative law. Drawing lessons from a former historical study, it apprehends its object like an astral system made of a heart around which gravitate some elements that complete it. It is then able to initiate the expected renewal, on the basis of the fundamental incriminations of robbery and breach of trust which form this heart, and draw principles of which it studies and deals with the repercussions on the whole system
Escareno, Juan Antonio. "Conception, modélisation et commande d'un drone convertible." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1746.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is developing a convertible unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The project is divided in three objects : the design, the modeling and the control of the vehicle. The design of the vehicle is a trade-off between a fixed-wing vehicle (airplane) and a rotary-wing vehicle (helicopter), thanks to this combination it offers a great versatility to face different kind of missions. The modeling is obtained through the Newton-Euler and Lagrange formulation. In terms of control, the convertible aircraft require specific algorithms to manipulate the take-off, the haver, the forward flight and the transition between both operation modes
Lacabanne, Marie. "Qu'est-ce que naviguer ? : analyse d'une tâche de pilotage comme préalable à la conception d'un système d'aide à la gestion d'un vol." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20119/document.
Full textThis study is based on two observations in the airway field: (i) the design of automated systems - particularly of the flight management system - is currently based on a techno-centered point of view that doesn’t take into account the user point of view; (ii) the flight management system is a complex system resulting in a long time of training and in a difficulty in both the knowledge and the access to the existing functions. This study aims to provide design recommendations for a new flight management system interface from the point of view of the pilots. In order to do this, two studies were carried out with the objective to produce a cognitive task analysis, and more particularly a cognitive task analysis of the navigation task (which is the task for which the system was initially created). Interviews were thus conducted with pilots with different experiences. The results of these two first studies provide information on the informational needs of the pilots, on the task requirements as well as on their impacts on the situation awareness of the pilots. Following these results, design recommendations for a new flight management system interface were produced in order to answer to the informational needs of the pilots and thus to improve their situation awareness. These recommendations were tested during a third study. The results show that the decrease of the attention dissociation’s effect as well as the consistency of the information contextualization of the pilot activity improves the situation awareness
Bouchard, Jonathan. "Conception d'un système d'acquisition pour la tomographie optique diffuse à mesures dans le domaine temporel." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11243.
Full textOunis, Houdhayfa. "Conception intégrée par optimisation multicritère multi-niveaux d'un système d'actionnement haute vitesse pour l'avion plus électrique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/18400/1/OUNIS_Houdhayfa.pdf.
Full textLouisy, Francis. "Entrainement physique, hypokinesie et systeme cardiovasculare : applications en medecine aerospatiale." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05S023.
Full textLizy-Destrez, Stéphanie. "Operational scenarios optimization for resupply of crew and cargo of an International gateway Station located near the Earth-Moon-Lagrangian point-2." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0034/document.
Full textIn the context of future human space exploration missions in the solar system (with an horizon of 2025) and according to the roadmap proposed by ISECG (International Space Exploration Coordination Group) [1], a new step could be to maintain as an outpost, at one of the libration points of the Earth-Moon system, a space station. This would ease access to far destinations as Moon, Mars and asteroids and would allow to test some innovative technologies, before employing them for far distant human missions. One of the main challenges will be to maintain permanently, and ensure on board crew health thanks to an autonomous space medical center docked to the proposed space station, as a Space haven. Then the main problem to solve is to manage the station servitude, during deployment (modules integration) and operational phase. Challenges lie, on a global point of view, in the design of the operational scenarios and, on a local point of view, in trajectories selection, so as to minimize velocity increments (energy consumption) and transportation duration (crew safety). Which recommendations could be found out as far as trajectories optimization is concerned, that would fulfill energy consumption, transportation duration and safety criterion? What would technological hurdles be to rise for the building of such Space haven? What would be performances to aim at for critical sub-systems? Expected results of this study could point out research and development perspectives for human spaceflight missions and above all, in transportation field for long lasting missions.Thus, the thesis project, presented here, aims at from global system life-cycle decomposition, to identify by phase operational scenario and optimize resupply vehicle mission. The main steps of this project consist in:- Bibliographical survey, that covers all involved disciplines like mission analysis (Astrodynamics, Orbital mechanics, Orthography, N-Body Problem, Rendezvous…), Applied Mathematics, Optimization, Systems Engineering….- Entire system life-cycle analysis, so as to establish the entire set of scenarios for deployment and operations (nominal cases, degraded cases, contingencies…) and for all trajectories legs (Low Earth Orbit, Transfer, Rendezvous, re-entry…)- Trade-off analysis for Space Station architecture- Modeling of the mission legs trajectories- Trajectories optimizationThree main scenarios have been selected from the results of the preliminary design of the Space Station, named THOR: the Space Station deployment, the resupply cargo missions and the crew transportation. The deep analysis of those three main steps sorted out the criticality of the rendezvous strategies in the vicinity of Lagrangian points. A special effort has been set on those approach maneuvers. The optimization of those rendezvous trajectories led to consolidate performances (in term of energy and duration) of the global transfer from the Earth to the Lagrangian point neighborhood and return. Finally, recommendations have been deduced that support the Lagrangian points importance for next steps of Human Spaceflight exploration of the Solar system
Rullan, Lara José Luis. "Conception et implantation embarquée d'un système de localisation en utilisant les signaux radio pour la stabilisation d'un mini drone." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1984.
Full textThe Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are complex and difficult dynamic systems to control. In spite of the efforts realized on the stabilization approaches (nested saturation, back-stepping, etc. ), the control laws have been always focused to stabilize the orientation of the vehicle and few works has been developed to estimate its position. Since real measurements are noisy and are not directly observable or measurable from the sensors, the estimation of the position is a difficult problem to resolve. Numerous approaches have been proposed for position’s estimation. In particular, vision and GPS have been explored in indoor and outdoor, respectively. However, there remain many challenges to its application in UAVs. This dissertation presents a solution to the problem of location of UAV indoor using radio signals. The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, the least squares algorithm and the Extended Kalman filter have been tested and validated in real time. The performances of the algorithms were validated during hover flight and path following flight of a mini helicopter. In order to validate the algorithms, I developed a mini helicopter with four rotors (quad rotor) with the computer architecture for implementing onboard embedded control laws for its stability and for the implementation of localization tasks
Thériault, Olivier. "Intégration d'un système vidéo de poursuite de cible à un simulateur "hardware in the loop" d'avion sans pilote et évaluation d'algorithmes de surveillance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27137/27137.pdf.
Full textArafah, Karim. "Étude lipidomique et développements en imagerie MALDI des lipides : application à la régénération du système nerveux central d'Hirudo medicinalis." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10152/document.
Full textLipids are metabolites which can be declined in many classes. Most of them are known to figure as structural molecules in the cell membrane but a significant key role is also played as cellular messenger when interacting with specific membrane receptors. The leech Hirudo medicinalis which is a model for the neurosciences is able to regenerate its central nervous system (CNS) after a lesion in opposition with the CNS of vertebrate. In this way, we showed by Tof-SIMS imaging changes in the lipidome of harmed leech brain directly on tissue. In particular lipids such as fatty acids and triglycerides have been characterized during injuries of the leech CNS. These lipids were expressed in specific areas of damaged neurons. We also characterized endocannabinoids in crude lipid extracts of harmed leech brain by MALDI-Tof Tof mass spectrometry. The identified endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2AG) are lipids which act as cellular messenger. During the injury of the leech brain, an increase in the 2AG concentration in the brain were demonstrated while AEA was decreasing. As a consequence, a modulation in the chemotactic effect on microglial cells was observed in the harmed connective. 2AG and AEA have also been demonstrated to regulate the NO release in activated microglia under neurotoxic rate. A new approach in developpemental research in lipidomic using MALDI imaging mass spectrometry allowed us to validate for the first time the use of specific histochemical dies for lipids as a way to detect and characterize lipids directly on rat brain tissue. This new approach of studiying lipids using dies named DALDI Tof-Tof (Dye-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time-of-fligh)has been successfully applied to the ovarian cancer where different patterns in the lipid content were detected on tissue slices between benign and malignant areas. This work highlighted in one hand the roles played by cannabinoids on the microglia chemotaxis and the regulation of NO secretion at the lesion site and in the second hand, the expression of specific lipids on neurons close to the lesion site during the regeneration process of the damaged leech CNS. Moreover, by using histological dies specific the the lipid staining as matrices, we showed that MALDI imaging of lipids allowed to detect lipids which could be potentially biomarkers for ovarian cancer. A cross-talk with scientist and medical fields can emerged since using both the same way to detect lipids on tissue for diagnosis purposes
Martini, Adnan. "Modélisation et commande de vol d'un hélicoptère drone soumis à une rafale de vent." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00340584.
Full textFellouah, Rabah. "Contribution au diagnostic de pannes pour les systèmes différentiellement plats." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00206317.
Full textBénit, Jean. "Effets d'irradiation par des ions de grande énergie dans de la glace H₂O et applications astrophysiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112229.
Full textThis thesis presents the study of radiation effects induced in H20 ice by MeV/u ions: desorption of ionized species, "erosion" of the irradiated film and molecular synthesis within the ice. The desorption is analysed by time of flight mass spectroscopy. We describe the mass spectra of the desorbed ions, both positively and negatively charged, up to 400 uma. The absolute yields are given, as well as their dependence with the energy and energy loss of the primary ions. The "erosion" of the ice is analysed by infrared spectroscopy, on line during the irradiation. Absolute yields are derived, as a function of the ions beam flux, the mass and energy of the ions, and the thickness of the samples. A linear dependence of the yield with the thickness is interpretated as follows: the erosion comes primarely from the dissociation of the molecules all along the ion tracks. Some astrophysical implications of the results are discussed in the framework of irradiation of icy material in a variety of environments: magnetospheres of giant planets, cometary nuclei, circumstellar shells and molecular clouds. Lt is emphasized that the irradiation by energetic ions plays a major role in cosmochemistry
Fofana, Nezo Ibrahim. "Contribution aux architectures protocolaires pour un système de localisation dans un réseau de capteurs sans fil basé sur une couche physique 802.15.4a UWB." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20049/document.
Full textIn recent years, Wireless Sensor Networks has gained an important interest in all fields of activity. One of the expected information is the sensor nodes localization; However, due to the sensors constraints in terms of memory and energy, it is not possible to equip the sensor with specific equipment dedicated to the localization as the GPS receiver. Thus, locating the sensor by using the communication signal is an interesting option. In contrast to Range-Free techniques which use assumptions of network connectivity, the Range-Based techniques are known to reach good localization accuracy and, in our case, they are based on the measurement of the time of flight of the radio signal UWB. Our contributions focus on the choice of an efficient physical layer, on the implementation of tools that promote a good temporal accuracy in radio exchanges, and the development of an original distance evaluation protocol. Research works presented in this manuscript aim to address the global general problem of indoor localization in wireless sensor networks, and particularly the ranging functionality which is the distance evaluation mechanism between nodes. At first we implemented and evaluated the well-known protocols encountered in the literature. Then, we identify and correct errors that may bias the Time of flight metric. We propose the 2M-TWR protocol (2 Messages - Two Way Ranging) as an improvement to the TWR reference protocol. Finally, we propose and implement the BB-TWR (Beacon Based-TWR) protocol, which is able to perform ranging, sequentially and non-sequentially, by including the necessary time information in any existing broadcast native traffic. The proofs of concept were prototyped and evaluated on a real testbed
Garcia, Salazar Octavio. "Modélisation et commande d'un avion à décollage vertical." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1836.
Full textThis thesis is focussed on the design, modeling and control of the VTOL (Vertical Take off and Landing) UAVs. The control of these vehicles is implemented in order to perform autonomous flights. A functional description of these machines is described and the mathematical models are obtained by using the Newton-Euler formulation. These dynamic models include gyroscope effect, actuator torque, aerodynamic terms, thrust and gravitational forces. Vertical flight is studied for the tail-sitter UAVs (T-Plane, V-co-aX and CPlane). Control laws based on saturation functions are proposed for the stabilization of these UAVs in hover mode. Simulation and experimental results are obtained during the hover flight. Longitudinal dynamics (2-D model), including the aerodynamic terms, is analyzed for the Twister UAV, and a nonlinear control law is proposed for achieving the global stability of this vehicle. For the C-Plane vehicle, the longitudinal model is studied to perform the transition maneuver and the aerodynamic terms are obtained by considering the propeller analysis. Furthermore, results obtained from simulation and real time show an effective behavior of the proposed control laws. Finally, an embedded control system is developed to test the proposed control strategies. This system consists of low-cost sensors. A homemade inertial measurement unit was designed to perform the complete operational range of the vehicle (including vertical and horizontal modes). This IMU incorporates an analog complementary filter whose objective is to estimate the angular position
Andreu, Altava Ramon. "Calcul du profil optimal d'un aéronef dans les phases de descente et d'approche." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30026.
Full textThe continued increase of air traffic, which doubles every 15 years, produces large economic benefits but poses environmental issues that put at risk the sustainable development of air transport. Other factors such as jet fuel prices volatility, the introduction of new environmental regulations and intense competition in the airline industry, have stimulated in the last years research on trajectory optimization and flight efficiency topics. The Flight Management System (FMS) is an onboard avionic system, standard in all transport aircraft, which is used by flight crews to manage the lateral and vertical flight-plan. Since current avionic systems are limited in terms of computational capacity, the computations performed by their algorithms are usually done on the basis of conservative hypotheses. Thus, notorious deviations may occur between FMS computations and the actual flight profile flown by the aircraft. The goal of this thesis is to develop an onboard function, which could be integrated in future Airbus cockpits, that computes optimal trajectories, readjusts the flight strategy according to the dynamic aircraft condition and minimizes operating costs. Flight energy management principles has been used for optimizing aircraft trajectories in descent and approach phases with respect to fuel consumption, greenhouse gas and noise emissions. The proposed function has been developed on the basis of dynamic programming techniques, in particular the A* algorithm. The algorithm minimizes a certain objective function by generating incrementally the search space. The exploration of the search space gives the optimal profile that links the aircraft current position to the runway threshold, independently of the current flight mode and aircraft energy condition. Results show 13% fuel savings and a decrease of 12% in gas emissions compared with a best-in-class FMS. Furthermore, the algorithm proposes the flight strategy to dissipate the excess of energy in situations where aircraft fly too high and/or too fast close to the destination runway. A preliminary operational evaluation of the computed trajectories has been conducted in the flight simulators. These tests demonstrate that the computed trajectories can be tracked with current guidance modes, although new modes should be required to decrease the workload of flight crews. In conclusion, this paper constitutes a solid background for the generation of real-time optimal trajectories in light of the automation of descent and approach flight phases
Wisztorski, Maxence. "Développements en imagerie par spectrométrie de masse et applications aux modèles invertébrés." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b2cd98ef-2445-48bc-9462-f547716f3776.
Full textRobbe-Masselot, Catherine. "Étude de la glycosylation des mucines intestinales humaines : développement de nouvelles stratégies de criblage des O-glycannes de mucines." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-231-1.pdf.
Full textMartin, Romain. "Conception d’une architecture robuste pour l’acquisition de grandeurs physiques dans un système aéronautique critique : application à la mesure de température, pression, couple, et vitesse d’une turbomachine." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0060/document.
Full textThe acquisition of physical parameters as such as temperature, pressure, torque, and speed are necessary to flight critical systems in order to reach and ensure safety and availability required. Consequently, it requires implementing high technologies and techniques which are able to work in rugged environments.The aim of our work is to design a new architecture for sensor acquisition systems in order to be integrated onto a flight critical system. The goal of the architecture is to ensure data integrity, system's availability and safety relative to airborne critical systems. The solution adds the fault tolerance ability to the signal conditioning. Consequently, we implement additional functionalities, as such as mathematical model of the signal conditioning, in order to make the acquisition system more intelligent.Our research work is partially based on technical specifications from SYRENA project, which is a typical example of flight critical systems, which is the main thematic of our purpose
Fonte, Coralie. "Effets de différents modèles de stress sur le développement lymphocytaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0185/document.
Full textSpaceflight is a source of various stresses leading to the weakening of the immune system. The efficiency of this system relies, notably, on the diversity of antigen receptor repertoires present on B (BCR) and T (TCR) cells, allowing the recognition of a vast array of antigens. During this thesis, I studied the diversity of antigen receptors in three different animal models: the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl, the murine anti‐orthostatic suspension model (simulated microgravity) and the CUMS (for "Chronic Unpredictable Mild Socio‐environmental stressors") murine model involving exposure to chronic social and environmental stressors similar to those encountered during spaceflights. Analyses of P. waltl IgM and IgY heavy chain repertoires have shown that they are highly diverse, making this species a nice animal model for studying the effects of spaceflight on the humoral immune system. We have also shown that 21 days of anti‐orthostatic suspension decrease murine B lymphopoiesis and moderately affect IgM heavy chain repertoire diversity. These results were compared with those obtained with old mice to determine if anti‐orthostatic suspension induces an accelerated aging of the immune system. Although we noted interesting similarities between these two groups of mice, we found that the effect of aging on IgM repertoire is stronger than that of the anti‐orthostatic suspension, suggesting that anti‐orthostatic duration should be extended to increase the effects of this model on antibody repertoire. Finally, regarding the CUMS model, we have shown that, when applied during gestation it does not affect T lymphopoiesis in newborn mice but affects 25% of their TCRβ heavy chain repertoire. These results suggest that low‐intensity chronic socio‐environmental stressors may alter antigen recognition capabilities of the host
Bobrinskoy, Alexandre. "Algorithmes et architectures pour la commande et le diagnostic de systèmes critiques de vol." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0007/document.
Full textFlight-Critical Systems such as Electromechanical Actuators driven by Engine Control Units (ECU) or Flight Control Units (FCU) are designed and developed regarding drastic safety requirements. In this study, an actuator control and monitoring ECU architecture based on analytic redundancy is proposed. In case of fault occurrences, material redundancies in avionic equipment allow certaincritical systems to reconfigure or to switch into a safe mode. However, material redundancies increase aircraft equipment size, weight and power (SWaP). Monitoring based on dynamical models is an interesting way to further enhance safetyand availability without increasing the number of redundant items. Model-base dfault detection and isolation (FDI) methods [58, 26, 47] such as observers and parity space are recalled in this study. The properties of differential flatness for nonlinear systems [80, 41, 73] and endogenous feedback linearisation are used with nonlinear diagnosis models. Linear and nonlinear observers are then compared with an application on hybrid stepper motor (HSM). A testing bench was specially designed to observe in real-time the behaviour of the diagnosis models when faults occur on the stator windings of a HSM
Denieul, Yann. "Conception préliminaire de surfaces de contrôle et lois de commande pour configurations d’avions non conventionnelles." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESAE0033/document.
Full textNext generation of civil transport aircraft is likely to be a radical change in overallconfiguration compared to traditional tube-and-wing design. From a handling qualities perspective,current trend in modern airliners is to evolve towards more and more unstable aircraft, bothfrom longitudinal and lateral-directional point of view. As a consequence future aircraft may notbe controllable by human operator without stabilizing control laws. It then becomes necessaryto consider flight control systems contribution early in the design phase for control surfaces,empennages and actuators sizing, as opposed to traditional way of working dealing only withopen-loop criteria for preliminary sizing. Instead of an iterative process of sizing and controllaws synthesis, we propose to concurrently optimize control surfaces, actuators and flight controllaws taking into account longitudinal and lateral instability as well as industrial structure forcontrollers, for unstable configurations such as Blended Wing-Body (BWB). This “co-design”procedure enables sizing of physical aircraft parameters taking into account benefits from feedbackstabilization for counteracting external disturbance such as atmospheric turbulence, thus leadingto safer and more optimal aircraft configurations
Berrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
Full textSanahuja, Guillaume. "Commande et localisation embarquée d'un drone aérien en utilisant la vision." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1869.
Full textThis work is about obtaining non linear control laws to stabilize an UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle), and also about localization using vision. First, a bibliographie study over UAVs and their control laws was dope. Thus several laws were tested and compared on a PVTOL (Planar Vertical Take Off and Landing) airplane platform. A control law stabilizing a system with n integrators based on saturation functions was proposed. The particularity of this law is that each state is separated. Then a quadrirotor platform was built, as well as a simulator for the quadrirotor. This one allows to run the UAV's program on a computer thanks to a dynamical model and can provide the vision algorithms to be tested with virtual images. Some computer vision algorithms were tested. In order to deal with the embedded criteria, a light optical flow method (working in only one direction) was implemented on a mobile robot to avoid obstacles. Then, stereovision based solutions using laser pointers were proposed. The first technique allows to estimate the attitude and the second one allows to do wall following. Finally, a control scheme using a predictor and an observer was studied. This combination takes into account some delays in the control loop, which can corne from the video processing. Moreover, the proposed scheme allows to efficiently use a captor with a high sample time (like camera) whereas the control law is running faster
Duan, Lili. "Contribution à la synthèse des lois de pilotage non linéaires pour les avions de transport." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20113.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the design of new flight control laws providing enhanced manoeuvring capabilities to aircraft so that they are able to track evolutive trajectories in the whole flight domain. This has led to consider the use of recent non linear control law design techniques such as non linear inverse control, backstepping and differential flat control. The application of the non linear inverse control technique to aircraft attitude control has been investigated and illustrated by different examples. The applicability conditions of this techniques have been reviewed and robustifying terms have been introduced. However, taking into account the restrictive applicability conditions of this technique, the backstepping control technique has been considered and applied to flight path angle tracking. Then the differential flatness property of aircraft attitude dynamics has been introduced and its use to design flight control laws has been studied, proposing a control scheme including a neural network structure. Finally, a balance of the study is displayed and the interest for non linear control law design techniques for flight control applications is emphasized
Villaumé, Fabrice. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes complexes : application à l'automatisation du pilotage au sol des avions de transport." Toulouse 3, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010946.
Full textEr-Rafai, Mohamed Mouhieddine. "Télécommande asservie robotisée d'hélicoptère." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112206.
Full textGres, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'épistémologie de la conception sûre pour l'exploration spatiale habitée. Applications aux missions à longue distance et de longue durée à mener en autonomie dans un environnement à demi connu : le cas Mars." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1758.
Full textThe thesis is a contribution to safety design in technology applied to Human space exploration involving international cooperation. Co-ordinating security and safety by means of centralized control could become very hazardous in the case of an autonomous complex technological system such as a long duration Mars mission. The work in this thesis is situated in a multidisciplinary context : Human sciences coupled with engineering sciences and identifies the problems posed by the design of an autonomous space system which is interacting with an unknown environment and which is coupled with the on-board team of astronauts. The methodology generates a process of continuous questioning that increases consciousness of dangers and risks. This creates a dynamical learning process of robust safety. The epistemology of safety design makes it possible to transform the design process away from a system-centred design towards a cooperative design that motivates all the authors of the project
Baud'huin, Marc. "Système vasculaire et osseux : interactions moléculaires." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b92e1acf-1513-4bab-be16-9cede2f533d1.
Full textBone is a connective tissue highly vascularized with an important metabolic activity. Blood vessels which colonize the bone environment bring the factors necessary to the differentiation, the activation and the survival of the bone cells. A complex network of soluble messengers (OPG, RANKL, VEGF…) controls vascular and bone homeostasis. We describe, through these studies, the implication of two molecules of vascular homeostasis. FVIII/von Willebrand factor complex is able to inhibit osteoclastogenesis by binding to RANKL and by reinforcing the inhibitory effect of OPG. This complex controls also cell survival of osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma cells by preventing the binding of OPG to the pro-apoptotic cytokine TRAIL. Heparin and the whole of glycosaminoglycans inhibit osteoclast differentiation by decreasing the adhesion of osteoclast precursors. They also inhibit spreading of mature osteoclasts. Our results complete the molecular network shared by bone and vascular systems. This study could make it possible to understand the establishment of the bone lesions induced by a deterioration of the vascular system (hypercoagulability due to tumoral process, hemophilia) and vascular injuries where bone cells are implied (atherosclerosis and arterial calcification)
Hernandez, Perez Sara. "Que faut-il choisir entre une gestion centralisée et un système d’autogestion base sur des mécanismes de marché pour réduire le trafic illégal des espèces faunistiques sauvages : analyse comparative économique et institutionnelle appliquée aux tortues marines en Colombie." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100206/document.
Full textFor over 30 years, Colombia built its national policy to protect wildlife species against the illegal traffic. The national institutional framework was strengthened by the ratification of the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of flora and fauna threatened with extinction) in 1981. However, this institutional framework is not sufficient to curb the illegal trade of marine turtles species. Despite some success to protect and recover some species, what really matters is the effectiveness of the national policy to conserve wildlife species. Hence my proposal to design and implement a cap and trade system based on transferable quotas decreasing in time, reinforced by contractual arrangements. This self-organized system aims at having zero catches level and enhance conformity and cooperation within the environmental regulation. This thesis aims to compare the efficacy of these two modes of governance to reduce the illegal trade of sea turtles based on the following criteria: the environmental performance, economic efficiency and social equity. I pursuit by estimating the corresponding transaction costs to show that the variation in the structure of transaction costs and the distribution of these costs among stakeholders affect the final performance of the institutional framework. Cost-benefit analysis was performed to justify institutional change, in addition to the analysis of transaction costs. This study is located in the north of Colombia, an area of 30 km, indigenous Wayuu territory, being more concerned with the illegal green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Prévost, Carole Gabrielle. "UAV Optimal Cooperative Obstacle Avoidance and Target Tracking in Dynamic Stochastic Environments." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27964/27964.pdf.
Full textEl, Osta Rola. "Contributions to Real Time Scheduling for Energy Autonomous Systems." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4044/document.
Full textReal-time energy harvesting is a technology that significantly extends the lifetime of embedded systems. This technology is limited at present by the amount of energy that can be stored in traditional batteries. Renewable energy harvesting such as that envisaged for many wireless things, allows the quasi-perpetual systems operation without human intervention because it works without periodic recharging of battery. From an energy point of view, the design of this type of autonomous system becomes more complex since this process has in addition a behavior constrained by time, and particularly has to meet latest timing deadlines. As with any real-time system, an unavoidable problem is to find a dynamic scheduling mechanism able of considering jointly two key constraints: time and energy. Thus, the main objective of this thesis is to propose and evaluate new scheduling techniques that enable the system to adopt an energy-neutral behavior while respecting the real-time constraints. More precisely, we consider here a set of mixed tasks consisting of periodic tasks and soft aperiodic tasks without deadline. The hardware architecture chosen is monoprocessor. Aperiodic tasks are only known at the time of their arrival while periodic tasks are assumed to be schedulable by the optimal ED-H scheduler. In this thesis, we will provide appropriate solutions for the following question: how to serve aperiodic tasks in order to minimize their response time without challenging the feasibility of periodic tasks. Initially, we extend the conventional server (called Background) to the context of energy harvesting by the proposal of two new servers. These techniques can be easily implemented and offer limited performance. Secondly, we propose a new server based on Slack Stealing which uses the slack time and slack energy concepts. A theoretical evaluation of this one allows us to establish its optimality. Finally, due to the relatively complex implementation of this server, we propose a new server, called Total Bandwidth. This server is based on fictive deadlines assignment with a simpler implementation. All propositions are illustrated by experimental studies that allow us to investigate the performance of new aperiodic task servers specifically designed for autonomous real-time systems
Nguyen, Dang Hao. "Formation control for a group of underactuated vehicles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0164/document.
Full textFormation control relates with the motion control of multiple vehicles to accomplish a common task. The motivation of formation control is because of the advantages achieved by using a formation of vehicles instead of a single one. Cooperative control approach can be cataloged into three main groups: leader-follower, behavior-based and virtual structure. Each group consists of individual vehicles and the communication allows the information be exchanged among vehicles. Position control for under-actuated quadrotors or VTOL UAVs has been focused in several group in the research community. Due to the under-actuated nature of VTOL UAVs, the system attitude must be used in order to control the position and velocity of the system. Moreover, the effect of external disturbance, uncertainty of the dynamics and the requirement of achieving the global results make the control design process more difficult. Developing from a global controller for a single quadrotor, a new thrust and attitude extraction algorithm is proposed. This algorithm allows transferring an intermediate control force to a thrust force to achieve the translational objective and an unit quaternion vector as a reference for the rotational subsystem. This algorithm is also embedded in the formation controller. Five formation controllers are developed and separated into two groups, virtual structure and leader-follower approach. The first three formation controllers are constructed by using the virtual structure approach. The unmeasured linear velocity, disturbance and uncertainty in the dynamics are solved by employing observer design and adaptive backstepping control design technique. The last two formation controllers are built by using the leader-follower approach. The leader follower formation for quadrotors and for second order system are constructed. The changing of formation shape in working time also is simulated in these last two formation controllers. In all five formation controllers, collision avoidance function constructed from a smooth step function is embedded. This function generates a pushing force when a quadrotor goes close to the others and a pulling force when a quadrotor travels out of the sensing range. The simulation results show that this collision avoidance function works quite effectively and there is no collision among quadrotors and obstacles. It can be summarized that by using the thrust and attitude extraction algorithm and the collision avoidance function, the control design process becomes easier and all the formation controllers achieve the global results
Guerrero, Mata Jose Alfredo. "Modélisation, commande et vol en formation des mini-drones." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1842.
Full textThis thesis devoted to the design and implementation of control laves for UAV flight formation. It also concerns the development of a robust control methodology considering parametric uncertainty for autonomous flight of mini-UAVs. We investigate non lineal control laws for mini-UAV flight formation considering communications constraints. Different configurations of mini-UAV have been explored : a four-rotor helicopter, a bi-rotor tail-sitter and a conventional airplane have been studied. The dynamical model of each mini-UAV has been obtained using a Newton-Euler apgoach taking into account the aerodynamic forces and moments. Several control strategies have been proposed : a robust control law considers parametric uncertainty in the model, control input time delay and actuator saturations and guarantee system stability and good flight performance. Real time platforms have been developed and built to validate the theoretical remit obtained. Different control stratégies for the flight formation of mini quadrotors have been developed : a nonlinear control based on nested saturations and a nonlinear control basée on coordination control
Delbecq, Scott. "Knowledge-Based Multidisciplinary Sizing and Optimization of Embedded Mechatronic Systems - Application to Aerospace Electro-Mechanical Actuation Systems." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAT0034/document.
Full textThe critical short term challenge for contemporary aerospace industrial companies is to design safe, reliable, compact, low power consumption and low environmental impact products, forces driven by economic competition and the increasing expectations of customers and certification authorities. A long-term challenge for these organizations is to manage their knowledge and expertise heritage, which is jeopardized due to forthcoming retirement of the current generation of experts, engineers and technicians. Undertaking these challenges is particularly intricate when it comes to embedded mechatronic systems used in electro-mechanical actuation systems. The design of these complex systems involves heterogeneous knowledge due to the interface of multiple engineering specializations and the interacting physical laws that govern their behaviour. Additionally, embedded mechatronic systems are composed of several interdependent components and sub-systems. Dealing with interdependencies remains a non-trivial and fundamental aspect of modern engineering practice. This can result in costly iterations during the design process and final non-optimal solutions. Multidisciplinary System Design Optimization techniques provide theoretical foundations and computational tools for optimizing large and multidisciplinary systems. Tasks must be performed to apply such techniques for rapid initial sizing of mechatronic products: modelling the design knowledge, partitioning and coordinating the models for system performances analysis and optimization. Algebraic analysis functions are chosen to represent the design models. A new Multidisciplinary System Design Optimization formulation for fast and robust analysis is proposed. A theoretic graph approach using symbolic manipulation to assist designers in formulating large and multidisciplinary problems is outlined. A specific design methodology and its associated framework developed are presented. The general objective is to allow holistic sizing of mechatronic engineering systems with emphasis placed on model reusability and rapid decision making. The methodology is illustrated using a simple aerospace actuation system example. More complex actuation systems are then addressed. First, the design of an electro-mechanical primary flight control actuation system is examined, subsequently; the design methodology is applied to an electrical thrust reverser actuation system