Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système monétaire international'
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Razgallah, Brahim. "Système monétaire international et interconnexion des espaces monétaires." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020031.
Full textBargach, Chihab. "Le rôle des droits de tirage spéciaux dans le système monétaire international." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010043.
Full textBarredo, Zuriarrain Juan Maria. "Le Système monétaire international comme facteur d'instabilité : une ébauche de réforme." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAE010/document.
Full textThe worrying situation of the international economy in the last years clearly shows the necessity to rethink the international economic regulation. This PHD thesis focuses on the study of the International Monetary System (IMS) and claims that it is a destabilizing factor. The research has a two-fold purpose. First, it shows that the use of national money at an international level creates tensions that can ultimately lead to economic crisis. Once this assertion is verified, some proposals are made for a structural reform of the IMS.For this double aim, a heterogeneous theoretical approach is built in order to detect inherent tensions of the IMS in different historical contexts. On that basis, the thesis argues that while international economic relations develop, the IMS creates inherent tensions that make it difficult to grant a stable management of international liquidity.In the light of this, two analysis are developed in this research. First, it is shown how inherent tensions have repeatedly appeared in the international economy since the generalization of the “key-currency” system. Second, the research explains the different national strategies pursued both for the integration in the IMS and for relieving the observed tensions. Recent tensions in the United States and in the Eurozone are studied carefully. From the study of these cases one main conclusion is made about the instability of the IMS, which is that crisis occurs due to destabilizing dynamics in a liberalized financial system and from accumulated tensions inside and among monetary zones.Finally, in order to correct the failures observed in the international monetary architecture, some structural reforms are proposed, both in the financial field and in the monetary one
Ilmane, Hafid. "Réformes du système monétaire international : modélisation stock-flux cohérente." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD042.
Full textIn 1969, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) created an international reserve asset called the Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) to resolve the gold and the U.S. dollar shortfall under the Bretton Woods system. After the collapse of this system, the SDRs became obsolete. However, there has been renewed interest in the SDRs in the wake of the 2007-09 crisis. Indeed, leaders of emerging countries, notably the head of China’s central bank, called for a transition of the International Monetary System (IMS) including an upgraded version of the SDRs. Globally, the SDRs would have the potential to replace the US dollar as the first reserve currency and to reduce global imbalances, i.e. the excessive accumulation of foreign exchange reserves, their concentration in a few key currencies, the volatility of exchange rates, and current account imbalances. This dissertation presents new evidence on the potential of SDRs to contribute to the adjustment of global imbalances, especially within an unstable tripolar IMS. After shedding light on the global imbalances, discussing the international-money pyramid in motion and its underlying factors, we have examined with the stock-flow consistent modeling the potential instability of a tripolar IMSand the contribution of SDRs in the adjustment of imbalances. We have observed the strengthening of global imbalances within a tripolar IMS on the one hand, and the ability of SDRs to contribute to the adjustment of these imbalances, on the other hand
Daka, Aomar. "Les mécanismes pétroliers, les pétrodollars et le système monétaire international." Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE0504.
Full textThe price of petroleum is an ongoing stake conditional upon the power relationships among three protagonists : the producing countries, for whom the returns from petroleum exports are the principal sources of revenue ; the consuming countries, for whom cheap petroleum is an essential element for their prosperity ; the dealer companies, who aim to maximise their profit margins. The impact of 1973-74 and on 1979-80 generated considerable surpluses for the exporting countries. This contributed to the expansion of the assets market via the recycling of the petrodollars, which restablised the balance of payments deficits of the importing countries. But worldwide inflation developed and the international monetary system was destabilised. With the drop in prices, due to the competition, the opec began to show a deficit. The counter-impact of 1986 helped disinflation and the resumption of growth in the industrialised nations, but this accelerated the indebtedness of the poorest exporting countries. The avoidance of a third impact around the time of the gulf crisis and the continuing instability encourated us to envisage a new world wide petroleum order and a reform of the international monetary system
Yim, Jong Soon. "Le Système monétaire européen et son environnement international : interdépendance monétaire interne et externe dans les années 1980." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992IEPP0018.
Full textThe EMS countries confront the macroeconomic interdependence of two levels : international and intra-EMS. The international interdependence can be explained mainly by the dollar's international role. The intra-EMS interdependence result from the creation of the fixed exchange rate union and from the asymmetric working of the EMS. In these circumstances, the EMS has operated as a frame of the institutionalized coordination among the member countries and it represent a concerted adaptation of the European economies to the international environment
Zhang, Sen. "Le renminbi et la concurrence des monnaies internationales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0130.
Full textBased on the theory of international currency competition, our thesis work analyzes the roleof the renminbi in the global economy. This novel approach allows us to reflect on the statusof the international monetary system in the 21st century. The first part follows the longprocess of the dollar, progressively replacing the pound sterling. The monetary inertiaobserved in the pound sterling was also found in the dollar today. Consequently, thereformation of the current IMS follows a path which is full of hazards. The IMS based on thedollar is neither efficient nor equitable. So, a multi-polar IMS is desirable in the long run.Monetary polycentrism, as talked about since the beginning of floating changes, wouldbecome a reality. Among the potential competitors of the dollar, the renminbi plays the role ofan outsider, and our analysis shows that the renminbi is already the third currency in terms ofcompetitivity. The second part focuses on the internationalization of the renminbi. Since theeconomic reforms in the 1980s, China has experienced a significant growth that has neverbeen seen in previous centuries. Taking into account the rise of China, it is entirely possiblefor the renminbi to become a new international currency. However, China still suffers from anumber of handicaps, in particular the control of financial accounts and exchange rate regime,which supposes that the red bill will become a regional currency before being international.The third part analyses the emergence of tri-polar IMS, centered on the dollar, the euro, andthe renminbi, and its consequences on the global economy. According to our analysis, weconclude that the current IMS is already partly tri-polar, which contributes to the stability ofthe IMS without solving the Triffin dilemma, but brings little commercial gain to the globaleconomy. Today, we are evolving towards a real tri-polar IMS. Yet, this evolution depends onthe future competitivity between the euro and the renminbi in such a way as to surpass thedominant position of the dollar
Kamoun, Mohamed. "La crise du système monétaire international : un essai sur les problèmes de représentation de la monnaie internationale." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0015.
Full textCordahi, Charbel. "La transmission internationale des chocs monétaires : le cas libanais." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/cordahi_c.
Full textThis thesis aims at contributing to the reflection on international transmission of monetary shocks. As such, it is part of the framework of the new open economy macroeconomics. It tries to address the following issue : To what extent do the monopolistic competition and the pricing-to-market affect the international transmission of monetary shocks' mechanism ? The first Chapter examines the course of action of the international transmission of monetary shocks. It brings into light progress and important description on the subject, and keeps a record on international practices of selling products and services. It shows that these practices are not similar on an international level, and reveals the existence of three groups of exporter countries : those who sell in their own currency, those who sell in the buyer's currency, and those who adopt a mixed attitude by selling in their own currency or in the buyer's currency. The second Chapter explores the effects of the international transmission of monetary shocks and raises the influence of these shocks on, nominal and real, local and international variables in the three real probable situations : producers' currency pricing (PCP), producers' currency pricing with monopolistic competition, pricing to market (PtM). This Chapter reveals the significant theoretical disparities concerning the effects of monetary shocks on local and foreign variables, according to the considered case : PCP, monopolistic competition, PtM. Finally, the third Chapter tries to provide a complementary assessment of the theoretical founding with the assistance of an econometrics and narrative study of the effects of US monetary shocks on the Lebanese economy. This Chapter allows us to bring up to date the list of US monetary shocks and to establish the link between dollarization and PtM. It studies in detail the effects of the US 1996 and 2001 monetary shocks on the Lebanese nominal and real variables. This Chapter shows that the interest rate is the major channel of international transmission of US monetary shocks to the Lebanese economy. Besides, it shows that the degree of integration of this economy into the international money and financial markets governs the nature of the effects of shocks on Lebanon
Karaki, Mohamed. "Instabilité monétaire et substitution des monnaies : essai sur la dollarisation au Liban." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21018.
Full textThis thesis deals with the causes of currency substitution in lebanon for the period 19821995. It's a question of showing that the instability of the lebanese pound is the main reason of its substitution for the american dollar. The theoretical part shows that currency substitution is inherent in the nature and functions of money. In the context of commodity money, conceived basically as medium of exchange, 'bad money drives out good'. This is what the law of gresham illustrates. On the other hand, in the context of fiat money without intrinsic value conceived principally as 'unit of account', it's good money which chases bad. Thus this study lays emphasis on the 'unit of account' function of money as a mean of explaining currency substitution. The empirical devoted to the dollarization of lebanon shows the specific aspect of the lebanese structures (weak economic and social structures and everliquidity of the banking system), the extent of dollarization in the country, and above all demonstrates that the instability of lebanese pound is the principal cause of its substitution for american dollar
Rafidinarivo, Rakotolahy Christiane. "Dette et système international des paiements : le tribut payé par les pays du Tiers Monde." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10013.
Full textAccountancy is used as the basic instrument of measure of economic phenomena. Our new accounting theory of international commercial transactions provides the measure of the debt result relatiting to the operations as well as the examination of the patrimonial situation of the economies considered. The accounting relation is stated in terms of equations whose unknown is the result of the third world's debt. Their solution shows that this result is a tribute of these economies to the international system of payments (isp). In the same way, a tribute to their own states allows the nationals to take part in international operations. This tribute is characterized by a new international monetary theory which uses money as an accounting measuring unit, i-e, a differential of exchange and sus it imagined as an asset by the economic participants. The research has established a measure of the tribute by articulating the debt service, the conditionality of the creditors and the balance of the flows involved. Then, the stress is laid on the ponderable relations inherent in the position of those who are in need, indebted and dependent upon the so-called third world within an emerging international system
Guillaumin, Cyriac. "La formation d'une zone monétaire en Asie de l'Est : une application de la théorie des zones monétaires optimales." Paris 13, 2007. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2007_guillaumin.pdf.
Full textIn 1997-1998, the Asian financial crisis brought about a revival of the idea of the creation of a monetary union in this region of the world. This revival appeared in the search of a more stable international monetary system. This thesis studies the benchmark in which a monetary area would be feasible for East Asian countries. The first part of the thesis focuses on the degree of asymmetry of shocks for these countries. The empirical analysis underlines heterogeneity of the shocks which is accentuated since the 1997 crisis. At present, the formation of a monetary union can be possible only for some countries in the form of a local monetary union. The second part analyses the financial component of the theory of optimal currency areas which was ignored for a long time or wrongly employed. This study reveals an imperfect financial integration between East Asian countries. There may exist however interdependences between interest rates which render national monetary policies less autonomous. If a monetary union does not appear as a credible exchange rate regime in the short run, the implementation of an exchange rate agreement can provide a solution for increasing this cooperation and supporting the economic growth and making less problematic exchange rates instability between great currencies for other countries in the region
Chitu, Livia. "The architecture of the international monetary and financial system : new perspectives." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E035.
Full textThis dissertation presents new evidence on selected issues relating to the architecture of the international monetary and financial system, which might help shed some light on its potential evolution in the period ahead. The first two chapters of the dissertation provide new evidence in support of the “new view”. They study two different dimensions of international currency use, namely the role of currencies as financing units in the global bond market and their role as means of payment in international transactions in homogenous goods, specifically in the global oil market. The third chapter sheds light on a source of persistence in international currency use besides network externalities and increasing returns which had attracted less attention hitherto, namely sunk costs and endogenous learning effects. The last chapter identifies moral hazard as a channel through which reserve accumulation can have inflationary effects
Huchet, Nicolas. "Légitimité et modalités opératoires d'un prêteur international en dernier ressort face aux crises d'illiquidité bancaire." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358809.
Full textHuchet, Nicolas. "Légitimité et modalités opératoires d'un prêteur international en dernier ressort face aux crises d'illiquidité bancaire." Toulon, 2008. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00358809/fr/.
Full textThat research aims to demonstrate the legitimacy and then to clarify the modus operandi of en International Lender of Last Resort (ILLR) face to banking illiquidity crises, in the context of a systemic risk, of the unability of the macroprudential regulation to reduce the frequency of such crises, and of the importance of banks through both triggering and conducting them, we want to know if a crisis manager could improve their prevention. We model a new framework, and we implement simulations thanks to the program Gauss. That is, we show that an ILLR is necessary, as soon as it is well informed about banks, with regarde to systemic risk, moral hazard, cost of the rescue packages, and attractiveness of countries and banks in terms of international capital. Furthermore, we have to demonstrate the feasibility of such a solution for crisis management and prevention. In a second part, we define it thanks to the literature, taking into account constructive ambiguity, catalytic finance, and the classical theory of lend of last resort revisited at a global scale. This improvement in avoiding crises, coupled with a limited moral hazard, requires three new institutional conditions implanting incentives and communicating to the market thanks to a rating of banks and countries ; defining a legal framework based on a mutually beneficial membership, instead of coercion ; and centralizing informations whose national or regional supervisors dispose. We model this scheme of crises management consistent with their prevention, wich is based on a principe of ex ante conditionality, both at macro and microeconomic levels, and call him the selectivity principe ; that is, we can make recommendations for a revision of the New financial architecture. We also discuss the content of conditionality criteria
Deusy-Fournier, Pierre. "L'UEM et la cohérence du polycentrisme monétaire." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100128.
Full textThe thesis aims at analyzing the effects of the European monetary union (emu) on the stability of the international monetary system (ims), and at specifying its prerequisites. It begins by trying to define the nature of competition between currencies, and rejects the traditional neoclassical framework, because of the evidence of externalities and due to the collective nature of the money. Reference to the economics of networks aims at unifying both approaches in a homogeneous theoretical and conceptual framework. A simulation synthesizes it, by focusing on the contradictory interaction between the dynamics induced by fixed costs and the rigidity of monetary habits. Subsequently, it is confirmed by a statistical and descriptive study of the balance of powers between moneys since 1975, as well as by a historical review of international monetary systems discussed and implemented since 1945. Through asking what really a good ims is, and developing the decisive distinction between actual and potential capital mobility, a typology of the various possible regimes may be deduced; and intermediate imss prove to be the most robust. However, the future of the new monetary principles settled with the plaza and Louvre agreements remains uncertain, though interventions seem to be more efficient, and though the emergence of independent central banks implies the development of real monetary doctrines. In the end, some questions related to emu are tackled, using the former results and a final modelisation. Emu is indeed a real "revolution" which unsettles monetary habits and frees the external effects attached to international money. Hence the decisive importance of the transition period, and the necessity of a real consistency of the new European monetary identity. The outcome for the polycentric ims will depend on both the regionalization of international monetary networks, and the degree of co-responsibility implemented
Grygowski, Dimitri. "Les Etats-Unis et l'unification monétaire de l'Europe, 1968-1998." Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CERG0299.
Full textAfter so many false maneuvers, and flashing glimpses of hope, European monetary union finally happened. But was monetary union of interest only to Europe ? Even more importantly, was it European in essence ? By creating the Euro, was Europe not trying to create a competitor to the dollar, perhaps even an alter ego ? The purpose of this study is not to retrace the genesis of European monetary unification (EMU), rather, we wish to explore how the United States interpreted the development and implementation of this common policy in the economy and monetary domain. In other words, we will be looking at the United States not only as a receiver of European monetary policy, but aIso as an actor impacting the process
Daouk, Hilal. "L'internationalisation des places financières arabes : évolution, structure et situation." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR1006.
Full textSince the beginning of the 70s, the arab countries have played a major financial role thanks to the appearance of substantial wealth in the oil producing countries. This new wealth led to the development of regional financial centers. Especially those of baharain and the united arab emirates. The large volume of arab capital has enabled these financial centers to rank among the leading twenty internationally. To appreciate the evolution and international importance of arab financial centers, we have analysed the situation in other financial centers, especially that of london. The gulf war of 1990-1991 reduced the financial surplus of arab countries and brought about a discouragment of foreign investors. Consequently, the rapid expansion of arab financial centers in the future will primarily depend on the political situation in the region, but also, on their capacity for financial diversification and infrastructure development
Valdecantos, Halporn Sebastian. "Topics on open economy macroeconomics : a stock-flow consistent approach." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD034/document.
Full textHis thesis presents a series of theoretical studies sharing a common methodology: the use of stock-‐flow consistent models. Based on the failure of the state of the art analytical tool of the mainstream, the so-‐called DSGE models, I attempt to show what are the main drawbacks of these models, which include both methodological problems and the omission of some aspects of reality that are crucial (e.g., the role of money and financial markets). In the first chapter of this thesis I show why stock-‐flow consistent models offer a more accurate vehicle to the understanding of modern economies. These reasons, which are connected to a higher concern with realism, accounting accuracy and the interaction between the different economic agents and social institutions, explain why stock-‐flow consistent models have been successful in detecting the instabilities that were accumulating in the years before the outbreak of the global financial crisis
Flandreau, Marc. "Cette faim sacrée d'or : la France, le bimétallisme, et la stabilité du système monétaire international : 1848-1873." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0090.
Full textThis research is aimed at analyzing and characterizing the functioning of the international monetary system between 1848 and 1873. I argue that this regime may be aptly described as an "international bimetallism" - i. E. A regime where nations are either on a gold or on a silver, or on a dual (gold and silver) standard. By documenting the virtual fixity of the gold-silver exchange rate during that period, i try to solve two important (and so far unanswered) puzzles. First , i seek to explain the remarkable stability of the gold-silver exchange rate, despite momentous "shocks" associated with the california and australia gold discoveries of the late 1840's and 1850's. Second i offer an interpretation of the mechanisms through which the gold production was eventually distributed among the various nations, clarifying the factors that determined the share that each country would finally absord
Fadhlaoui, Hinda. "Réformes évolutionnistes du système des paiements internationaux : la création de systèmes des paiements supranationaux, une nécessité au regard des défauts du régime monétaire international actuel." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869626.
Full textTokofai, Anatole Djemsang. "La détermination internationale des taux d'intérêt : analyses théoriques et économétriques." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020054.
Full textGenest, Frédéric. "Le rôle d'une institution internationale informelle dans la gestion des taux de change : le G 7." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0505.
Full textDucret, Philippe. "Le marché de l'or de 1971 à 1983 : étude statistique et évolution du rôle monétaire du métal précieux." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100080.
Full textThis work deals with the place of gold in the International Monetary System during the years 1971 to 1983 and consists of two parts, one historical and the other one statistical. The historical side, which comes after a brief reminder of the gold linked events during a period starting at the date of Bretton-Woods agreements and ending in 1971, discusses essentially the evolution of the monetary role of the precious metal since the 15th of July 1971, date of the suspension of the dollar-gold convertibility. This study of the slow process of demonetarization of gold forms the body of the different marast readings of the events of the 1971-1983 periods. The second chapter of this first part is an attempt to explain, during the same period, the gold price’s historical evolution, according to the information given by the study of the running and the structure of the market. The statistical side is made of three chapters: the first one tries to give a microeconomic explanation of the formation of the price of the gold by studying the role and the behavior of the main operators on the market and among the other precious metals markets. The second chapter deals particularly with the impact of the different economic or monetary components of supply and demand upon the formation of the price and tries to determine the advantage of gold as an investment as part of the Modern Portfolio Theory. The last chapters devoted to the various models are reported as also several methods of graphic analysis. This study ends with a conclusion in the shape of an actualization of the available data concerning gold during the 1984-1986 periods and makes up on the role it could play as a part of a possible reform of the International Monetary System
Thione, Diop Ibrahima. "La banque des réglements internationaux : les fonctions évolutives d'une institution financière et monétaire internationale de transition." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE11037.
Full textThe bank for international settlements is an international economic organisation. The main objective of its creation was to find solutions to the german problem of reconstructions by cutting and trading the annuities to be paid by the defeated of world war. However, the origins of the banks are much deeper than that. Well before the conflict started, exceptional circunstances had sometimes induced the central banks to collaborate with one another. Morever, the setting up of an institution to promote monetary cooperation between central banks had been claimed in that time but vainly. This idea was finally carried out by the hague conference which was setting up an institution whose main objective was to make easier the collaboration between central banks. Today, the bank has got two main functions : first at all, it consists of assisting the member states currencies in difficulties. Secondary, helping the international monetary system. Because of that, it is today not only essential for the international financial system ; but also one of the most important insitution in the international monetary system
Ligonnière, Samuel. "Financial cycles : determinants and policy implications." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A002.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the determinants and policy implications of financial cycles. This term is fairly new and in line with the conventional logic of business cycles. It involves the boom-bust cycle in credit, equity and housing markets as well as the procyclical behavior of agents. This general definition allows us to distinguish the national financial cycles from the international ones exclusively through the level of integration to the international financial system, with close transmission channels. On the one hand, this brings up questions about their various determinants. I consider debt maturity structure as potential determinant. By using a stock-flow analysis, I find that the mix of these debts chosen by the agent follows a suboptimal path. Financial crises could be triggered by excessive reliance on either short-term or long-term debt. This thesis also exhibits the role of income inequality as key factor of these national financial cycles. Three main predictions are supported by an empirical analysis: i), an increase in inequality leads to an expansion on household credit at the aggregate level; ii) the bulk of the positive impact of inequality on household credit is driven by middle classes; iii) the positive causal link from inequality to household credit exists if and only if the country is sufficiently developed. On the other hand, I will also debate the consequences and policy implications of the global financial cycle, led primarily by US monetary policy. This exposure to foreign forces reduces the scope of domestic monetary policy, but the Mundellian trilemma does not morph into a dilemma
Rojas, Pierre-Hernan. "Théorie et pratique de l'étalon-or international chez R.G. Hawtrey, H.D. White et R. Triffin : une filiation non-ricardienne." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED020/document.
Full textMy PhD dissertation studies Ralph G. Hawtrey’s, Harry D. White’s and Robert Triffin’s monetary thought and works between 1919 and 1960. Actively participating to key institutions which shaped the international monetary system – the British Treasury for Hawtrey, the US Treasury for White and the Fed and the IMF in the case of Triffin – those economists influenced the course of monetary theory and history. They both wrote on the non-automatic and asymmetric nature of the balance of payments adjustment mechanism, and formulated an original critic towards the classical Ricardian gold standard theory. Structured around the rejection of this classical theory, the authors’ analysis pointed out the weaknesses of the international monetary system. Since then, all of their reform proposals were grounded on the strengthening of monetary cooperation under a fixed exchange rates system
Krauss, Clemens. "La politique monétaire de la Deutsche Bundesbank et de la Banque de France entre la fin du système de Bretton Woods et le début de l'ordre monétaire européen dans les années 1970." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL191.
Full textThis study deals with the monetary policy of the Banque de France and the Deutsche Bundesbank during the 1970s, a period that saw the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, the oil price crisis and the emergence of the European Monetary System. It examines the interrelations and interactions between these global developments and the monetary policy of the French and German central banks.Two trends stood out. Firstly, both institutions reacted differently to the changes in the international monetary regime. The Bundesbank experienced the dollar crises between 1971 and 1973 as the defining shock that led it to alter its monetary policy strategy. It broke away from fixed exchange rates, introduced the policy of monetary targeting and was thus able to curb inflation. The Bundesbank subsequently became a stabilizing force in a volatile monetary environment. For the Banque de France, by contrast, it was rather the oil crisis in 1973/1974 that marked the watershed. Being confronted with rising inflation and external deficits, the Banque called its monetary policy into question. In consequence, it adopted price stability and a sound external balance as primary goals.Apart from these diverging tendencies, there was, secondly, a trend towards convergence. European monetary integration created shared structures and common goals. Moreover, the monetary crises of the 1970s were not only signs of stagnation. They also led to a greater understanding and similar views between the two central banks. A consensus emerged over the course of the decade. The Bundesbank and Banque de France found common ground and thus laid the foundation for a future European monetary union
Gnanonobodom, Tiou-Tagba Aliti. "Modélisation des déséquilibres financiers globaux et régimes de change." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA131017.
Full textGlobal macroeconomic adjustments are usually discussed first by the stylized facts and causes global imbalances and then using a Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) models in the lines of Godley and Lavoie (2007) and Zhao and Lavoie (2010). Three models are considered. First, fixed prices, three areas with a debt in local currency and with dollar-yuan fixed, but may also include conduct of reserve diversification of China's central bank and a dollar-yuan according to floating or administered regimes. The second is a generalization of the previous one with flexible prices rather than fixed prices. The third, fixed prices, four areas with the rest of world debt in dollars, include an anchoring of the rest of world and the yuan to the dollar and three scenarios for anchoring to a basket of currencies. Faced with shocks, the fixed parity of the yuan-dollar limits the reduction of global imbalances in favor of China. Diversification of foreign exchange reserves of China’s central bank is changing the nature of adjustments, especially at the expense of the euro area because of the depreciation of the dollar that results. The flexibility of the yuan-dollar parity, however, appears as an effective way to reduce imbalances in all three models. If a freely floating of the yuan appears unrealistic in the current context, a managed exchange rate regime over the yuan-dollar parity adjustment mechanisms gives quite similar. Finally, the model with flexible prices confirms the main results obtained previously
Khoudour-Castéras, David. "Migrations internationales, régimes de change et politiques sociales : un nouveau trilemme de politique économique ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat1n0o44.
Full textThe thesis is based on two main ideas : first, labor mobility constitutes a central adjutment mechanism in exchange rate regimes ; second the development of social policies contributes to slowing down the emigration process. The argument rests at the same time on a theoretical reflection, based in particular on the optimum currency area theory, and on historical analysis, focused on two periods of contemporary history : the gold standard period and the interwar period. Thus, Chapter 1 aims at showing the key role of international migration in the adjustement process of the gold standard. Then, Chapter 2 analyses the impact of Bismarck's social legislation on German emigration. Finally, Chapter 3 provides an alternative explanation to the fall of the gold exchange standard. In total, the purpose of the thesis is to show the existence of an economic policy trilemma between international migration, exchange rate regimes and social policies
Mouakil, Tarik. "Instabilité financière et méthode stocks-flux : analyse critique de l'hypothèse de Minsky." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40029.
Full textMendy, Pierre. "Les relations économiques entre les institutions de Bretton Woods et les pays africains de la Zone franc." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100105.
Full textWith two economic and monetary unions (WAEMU and CAEMU), the franc zone of Africa created in 1939, results from the evolution of the French colonial monetary system in Africa which managed to survive to the wave of the disappearances of the colonial monetary systems after the independences of the African countries, while the other systems (British, Portuguese, Spanish and Belgian) did not escape it. This survival of the Africa’s franc zone is largely explained by its evolution, its specific organization and by its institutional functioning. However, this does not spare the ACZF from the economic imbalance observed from 1985 and it until 1993, being understandable at the same time by the problem of the creation of a monetary area, an unsuitable institutional functioning, as well as unsuitable economic structures, the considerable degradation of current and external the budgetary accounts, the explosion of the foreign debt and finally the unfavorable evolution of the international economic situation. The fundamental major principles set up since the creation of the franc zone of Africa in 1939, are not then adapted any more to the economic, political and social evolution of each economic union, therefore their reform in depth is necessary. In front of these economic imbalances, the ACZF and France opted first for the real adjustment in order to restore economic balance. But this choice quickly interfered with the local sociopolitical realities and with economic slowdown of the frank zone of Africa, which will finish to request, at the beginning of 1980s, the intervention of the Bretton Woods institutions (World Bank and International Monetary Fund) which recommended then the implementation of PSA to return to economic balance. In front of the incapacity of the ACZF to restore economic balance by means of the real adjustment, the IBW required to the ACFZ the implementation of the exchange adjustment (devaluation of the CFA franc with regard to the French franc) in prerequisite of any financial help and obtained France’ support that then left the ACZF, because of the "doctrine Balladur", by refusing henceforth to grant them any financial help without the prior authorization of the BWI. This imposed devaluation of the CFA franc was not the most effective and credible macroeconomic mode of adjustment, because it did not preserve sustainable economic balance, the real adjustment appeared to be in this situation more effective and credible, but requiring a forward austerity policy. This medium-term failure of the devaluation was added to all the other measures of the PSA of which evaluation revealed a reserved assessment even a failure in particular in the social domain, because not having allowed the return to the economic balance of the ACZF. Furthermore, public aid in development, foreign debt and struggle against poverty which characterized also the IBW intervention in the zone franc of Africa did not reach their expected objective. So, today as yesterday, the cooperation between the IBW and the ACFZ does not benefit these last ones, but rather the industrialized countries, main shareholders of these institutions and holders of the multinational firms. The latter remains the main beneficiaries of PSA. The multilateralism, intended to correct these inequitable economic relations created by the North-South regionalism to the detriment of the South, does not produce either the fair rules necessary for the world market. To compensate for this problem, the ACFZ, as well as the rest of Africa, have to strengthen the regionalism or the integration South-South, the only real profitable institution to their economy. Also, the ACFZ, strengthen by such a report, diversify their partners for development and adopt more and more the " Beijing Consensus " as an alternative model to the " Washington Consensus ", where State regains its role in the regulation of the economic activity in association with the market to create at last a real system of mixed economy
Jégourel, Yves. "Les effets de la taxe Tobin sur le marché des changes : une évaluation." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40052.
Full textRey-Valette, Hélène. "Essai sur les monnaies internationales et les taux de change." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0105.
Full textThe thesis consists of four essays dealing with the geography of currencies and the impact of currency internationalisation and currency substitution on the real economy. It introduces a new way of modelling currencies: the framework used is intermediate between the walrasian world and the completely decentralised environment of search models. The first chapter links real trade flows and patterns of currency use on foreign exchange markets in a general equilibrium framework. It is shown that the magnitude and symmetry of trade links determine which of the world currencies becomes a vehicle. The long-lasting international role of sterling as vehicle currency is explained, as well as its displacement by the dollar after the second world war. The second chapter focuses on the links between medium of exchange and store of value. It shows how, in an inflationary environment, the dollarisation of an economy occurs, as domestic financial markets become shallower. This in turn drives up the currency's velocity of circulation and the price level. In such an economy, seigniorage and velocity are hysteretic. The third chapter assesses the potential of the euro to become a competitor for the dollar as an international currency. Several scenarios are considered, and rough magnitudes of the seigniorage and efficiency gains that would accrue to the euro area are estimated. The fourth chapter studies the effect of macroeconomic instability (in particular inflationary environments) on the performance of firms in some transition economies. We have transplanted the same businesses, described by their balance sheets, into different macroeconomic environments. Our results show a big disparity in cash flows depending in particular on the input-output structures of the companies considered
Sari, Camille. "Taux de change et rôle économique de l'état : à propos de modèles." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100010.
Full textIn the first part, we exposed three models in the objectives you find some elements of response in the questions that we had posed at the start: the detection of the principal determination of exchange rate. When you read through the grill, of the models of R. Dornbusch, J. Sachs and Levy Garboua-Sterdyniak and others, we have tried to bring out the lines guiding the determination of exchange rates. Certain aspects which extracts these models concerning directly our problem. It concerns the buckling of exchange rate, price and wage. The buckle of interest rate and exchange rate. In the second part we cite, the exchange rate which creates problematic in the currencies and more precisely in the research factors which varies the values. In fact, before considering the exchange rates as the relative price of two currencies, we consider it as the relative value of home currency by comparison to a foreign nature of currency adjusted by factors which express the uncertainty and speculative behavior. We must determine the relative value of home currency "d" verses the foreign currency "f" thanks to the dynamic comparison of proper value, or intrinsic value of the two currencies considered. The currency is like a recorder that registers the different tensions, which results in the distribution of revenue between the economic agencies. In indirect relation, but systematic which exists between the proper value of currency and its relative value and profit rate, of our propersition of definition of exchange rate which functions on profit rates differentials. The last chapter is devoted to the role of dollar and the ecu in the international monetary system
Ombolo, Mvogo Ayissi Vladimir. "La pensée keynésienne et les problèmes financiers du développement." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40036.
Full textJamel, Saadaoui. "Déséquilibres globaux, taux de change d'équilibre et modélisation stock-flux cohérente." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2012_saadaoui.pdf.
Full textSince the mid-1990s, we observe a global increase of current account imbalances. In 2007, before the climax of the financial crisis, they reached 2% of world GDP in absolute value. At the global level, the persistence of large current account imbalances is a threat to the macroeconomic and macrofinancial stability. This thesis analyses this phenomenon of global imbalances by using two complementary approaches : equilibrium exchange rates models and stock-flow consistent models. These two approaches can be considered as complementary insofar as they analyze the same problem from a different point of view. Equilibrium exchange rate models and particularly the FEER approach introduced by Williamson (1994) try to calculate exchange rate variations needed to reach a sustainable current account balance. Stock-flow consistent models à la Godley-Lavoie (2007) seek to analyze adjustments in terms of level of output and exchange rate dynamics in a context of imbalances. A return of large imbalances is not excluded. It appears that an international monetary cooperation aimed at preventing the return of large imbalances at the world and intra-European levels is a necessary condition to ensure global recovery
Stemitsiotis, Loukas. "Parité de pouvoir d'achat et taux de change de référence." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010020.
Full textThe purpose of thisthesis is to define macroeconomic equilibrium exchange rates, given the interdependent nature of the industrial economies. First we consider the rates implied by the purchasing power parity theory and test its validity. Our results reject this theory in both its absolute and relative version. Second, we try to explain deviations from P. P. P. Using long-term relationships and taking into account structural variables of the economies. The real exchange rate is proved to be positively related to the level of real income per capita, to relative productivity, to tha quality of trade specialization, and to the relative saging rate. Third, we propose two models in order to establish medium-term equilibrium exchange rates. The first one is based on the principle of proportionnal distribution of world disequilibria between countries. The second one refers to a balanced trade account, which in turn is determined by differencies in growth rates and price competitiveness. Equilibrium exchange rates resulting from these models can be used as reference values in the framework of international management of the exchange rates of the major industrial countries
Aflouk, Nabil. "Régimes de change, taux de change d'équilibre et croissance économique." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131016.
Full textJobst, Clemens. "Trois études en histoire bancaire et financière au XIXe siècle." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0043.
Full textThe thesis puts together three essays in 19th century financial history. The first chapter looks at foreign exchange policy in the gold-standard period and challenges the conventional wisdom that the gold standard was stabilized by an automatic mechanism whenever the spot exchange rate reached the “gold points”. Building on insights from the target zone and market microstructure literature, i study the Austro-Hungarian currency band. Instead of defending a band on the margin, the central bank engaged in sophisticated operations including sale-repurchase contracts. Exchange rate stabilization under the gold standard appears much more “modern” than traditionally recognized. The second chapter looks at the administration of the branch networks central banks created on a large scale in the second half of the 19th century. An understudied aspect of cb history, these networks provide significant lessons on the evolution of central banks towards modern public-interest institutions and on the role of public policy in the emergence of national money and credit markets. I show how questions of information economics influence both the integration process and cb policy. The final chapter includes two articles coauthored with Marc Flandreau. The first provides rigorous foundations to the concept of “core” and “periphery” in international monetary relations. In a second paper we provide the first review of critical empirical issues in the economics of international currencies. We report evidence in favor of the search-theoretic approach, strategic externalities and persistence. We reject pure path dependency, however. The system cannot remain locked into some past equilibrium forever
Monnet, Éric. "Politique monétaire et politique du crédit en France pendant les Trente Glorieuses, 1945-1973." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0092.
Full textThis thesis studies the policy of the Banque de France from 1945 to the early 1970s, during the so called « Trente Glorieuses ». Contrary to the common view which considers this policy as passive and only determined by fiscal constraints, I show that central bank's actions were decisive in maintaining mild inflation and avoiding financial crisis as well as in easing access to credit and fostering investment and production growth. These new conclusions rely on an exhaustive use of the archives of the Banque de France and on the construction of new databases on credit allocation. Two main characteristics were very peculiar to the policy of the Banque de France during this period : first, it relied on the direct management of quantities of money and credit rather than on their prices (interest rates). Second, credit policy, banking policy and monetary policy were constantly intertwined. This economic history investigation combines several analytical tools. First, monetary policy is studied from an institutionalist point of view that takes into account the history of economic and political ideas and the history of social practices. Second, I use numerous econometric techniques (mostly times series and panel econometrics) in order to assess quantitatively the impact of policies on the French economy. Third, I propose a formal model of a central bank that rations directly quantities while keeping a non market-clearing interest rate
Carlotti, Jean-Etienne. "Monnaie coeur et monnaies périphériques. Ajustement et soutenabilité des déséquilibres de comptes courants et de stocks de capitaux entre pays à régimes de change différents. Pistes pour la sortie du système de Bretton Woods II." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0011.
Full textThe International Monetary System built around a core currency, the US dollar and peripheral currencies working in various exchange rate regimes appears inherently unstable and has fostered the rise of global current account imbalances and the financial crisis in 2007. The literature on changes in savings behavior suggests a resumption of these imbalances and associated risks. Their partial adjustment would therefore only be cyclical, resulting from the economic crisis in 2008.In view of looking for politically achievable ways to stabilize imbalances, we evaluated the equilibrium exchange rate of the countries or regions most involved in the imbalances by a positive approach to achieve results acceptable by policymakers. Our work shows that the exchange rate has played a moderate role in the development of imbalances and recent literature suggests that it played only a minor role in their adjustment.Moreover, accommodative monetary policies implemented after the economic crisis constitute risks to financial stability. Given the multiplicity of exchange rate regimes and the difficulty to forecast and manage the changes in exchange rates, risks related to global current account imbalances and financial instability need to be tackled by other channels of adjustment than the exchange rate. Our work therefore concerns, in theory but also pragmatically, options that could both reduce the risk of financial instability and that of the resumption of global current account imbalances. We show the feasibility of monetary zones allowing the implementation of appropriate monetary policies in case of asynchrony of economic and financial cycles. We conclude with the stabilizing ro
Narassiguin, Philippe. "Monnaie mondiale et unification des espaces monétaires." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010004.
Full textErdem, Mehmet Sukru. "L'influence de l'union monétaire européenne sur le système bancaire et monétaire turc." Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21022.
Full textThe achievement of the european monetary union or on the eventual joining of the eec by turkey, the thesis tries to show how the european space of banks has been achieved by a large movement of regulations harmonization and a co-ordination of prudential rules in order to reduce any systemic risk. The turkish banking system already shows its will to stick to the community rules ; but this can be fully completed only if monetary stability is achieved in turkey. After analysing the ems, the thesis focuses on its consequences for the turkish monetary system, in particular in the field of budgetary and even of economic policies. The european unification process already exercises and will exercise an influence more and more over the economies and currencies of non-member states ; these influences already show in turkey and will grow, whether turkey joins or not the eec
Hadjali, Sadek. "Les systèmes monétaire et financier des petites économies ouvertes dans la mouvance des espaces monétaires régionaux et de la finance internationale : le cas du Luxembourg." Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE0501.
Full textThe small open economy, because of its geographical and demographical small dimensions is characterised by an extremely open market of goods and services. In the light of the Luxemburg monetary experience, it appears that a small nation whose system is undoubtedly bound to that an often neighbouring "big brother" is deprived in the short or long run of its monetary policy instruments, expecially when it lacks a central bank. Since the Belgian and Luxemburg economies are structurally divergent, it shows that it is to the interest of Luxemburg to fix tightly its currency with respect to the ecu, a stable standard whose value reflects the weighed mean of the currencies of its main trading partners. The diversification of its economy has resulted in an emergence of a fantastic and very competitive offshore financial center whose local repercussions make of the services sector the second nerve of the economy. The financial center is particularly specialised in the ecu market, in the eurobonds quoting, and in private banking. Although it shelters an important euro-dm market, Luxemburg does not contribute to the creation of this currency
Bezerra, Cavalcanti Ana Isabel. "Instabilité monétaire internationale : une approches en termes d'interactions des agents et d'hétérogénéité de l'information." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131010.
Full textChounet, François. "Endettement public et crédibilité des accords monétaires : l'expérience de l'entre-deux guerres." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0004/document.
Full textTo understand the challenges linked to public debt in credibility of monetary agreementsbetween the World Wars, we shall study influence of public debt on the gold standard, from its founda-tion in the second half of the XIXth century to end during the Great Depression. The quality of publicfinances, in particular the public debt, was determining in the capacity of a nation to subscribe to thismonetary agreement. The public debt also had a decisive role in the end of these monetary systems, atthe end of World War I and during the Great Depression. In a second part, our approach will consistin understanding mechanisms which led public debt to be partly accountable for the end of the gold-exchange standard and the rise of new monetary blocks in the thirties. Facing the Great Depression, themodalities of organization and functioning of this monetary agreement, made impossible to sustain it. Ifeconomic and political variables were determining in its end, variables linked to public debt played too.Having described modalities of release of gold-exchange standard, we shall show the theoretical mecha-nisms which link monetary crisis and debts crisis and we will applied them to the Great Depression. Wewill study in particular the case of France. We shall show using a duration model, influence of publicdebt in preservation of gold parity during the crisis. Finally, we shall see how new monetary blocks formed
Bottex, Agnès. "Naissance d'une identité monétaire en Europe, 1957-1972 : de la CEE à l'UEM, l'intégration monétaire à la lumière des flux internationaux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100036.
Full textThis research focuses on the impacts of European monetary integration on the EEC economical attractivity. Through a quantitative approach of actors' financial accounts, it analyses the influence of international capital flows on a common monetary doctrine definition. By studying interactions between real and monetary flows, as well as between economical and monetary integration, we highlight two simultaneous evolutions between 1957 and 1972 : the "internationalisation" of economies and the regionalisation of banking practices. Linked to the Bretton Woods system collapse, the research by the Six of an institutionalised monetary Europe involves, as a counterpart, the mutation of the EEC into a regionalised economic and monetary area
Meye, Arsène Ludovic. "L' intégration à l'economie mondiale et les perspectives du système monétaire et financier en Afrique centrale." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0027.
Full textThe world economy is in constant mutation since the begining of the 70' s with the end of a model which has allowed the past "30 glorious" years and the abandoning of the Bretton Woods monetary system issue. This worlds mutation seens to be speeding up at this dawn of the 3rd millénium, notably because the world industrial economic recomposition, the growing flexibility of the change value and the appearance of a new dynamic environment is due for the 21st century with it's own pros. And cons. Also, in this new world context, fundamentally unstable, can the Central African countries beleave in the opportunity to experience a strong development? Surely! Those countries can experiment a new impusion of their development, by regional integration on "second best", but priveleging an individual insertion. On the other hand, those countries have all the opportunities to experience a new dynamic development if they integrate in this economic growth, that is the overall growth. They have the possibilities of registering in new world monetary doctrine, by their monetary flexibility, which means the creation of national monies in their ondividual countries. Finally, they have all opportunities of really knowing the development, by proceeding in a structural mutation of their economy, and abandoning their primary specificity for a solid economy of production
Le, Quéré Francoise. "La substitution de l'Ecu aux monnaies nationales : le traité de Maastricht et la monnaie de réglement." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE0502.
Full textWe show in the first part how the acceptability of a transactions currency is obtained and self-reinforced. The acceptable existing currencies leads to asking of inertia and limits opportunities of a spontaneous adoption of ecu (euro). We then conditions under which a European currency user’s network can emerge beside existing monetary networks: futures and nice externalities of the new network contribute unfavorably to its expansion. The switch to ecu by the diffusion of a critic transactions is a step that makes its later widespread use credible. We analyze in the second part methods of integrating large-value payment systems characterized by an externe diversity European level. We show first that the creation of an integrated payment system depends on the interconnection of national gross settlement systems. We demonstrate then that a joint abandonment of net settlement systems allows to avoid an unfair competition between interbank payment networks characterized by different degrees of risk exposure. We also analyze the structure of the future integrated payment system and also the implementation of banking supervision and interventions European system of central banks towards the end of the transition. The third part raises the problem of the internationalization of the European currency. Network externalities and economy derived from the use of a currency in international transactions are integrated into the traditional analysis based on t the respective characteristics of international currencies. We show in a theatrical framework that in spite of expected qualities, an inertia prevents ecu from emerging as an international currency. Finally, we underline uses in which the e currency may emerge as an international money