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Academic literature on the topic 'Système nerveux – Régénération – Modèles animaux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Système nerveux – Régénération – Modèles animaux"
Poirier, Laetitia, Éric Ghigo, David Daudé, and Éric Chabrière. "Modèles alternatifs (6)." médecine/sciences 35, no. 6-7 (June 2019): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019110.
Full textSCHELCHER, F., O. ANDREOLETTI, G. TABOURET, C. LACROUX, G. FOUCRAS, F. EYCHENNE, P. BERTHON, P. SARRADIN, F. LANTIER, and J. M. ELSEN. "Pathogenèse des Encéphalopathies Spongiformes Transmissibles : apports du modèle ovin." INRAE Productions Animales 17, HS (December 20, 2004): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.hs.3619.
Full textRICHARD, S., C. ARNOULD, D. GUÉMENÉ, C. LETERRIER, S. MIGNON-GRASTEAU, and J. M. FAURE. "Etude de la réactivité émotionnelle chez la caille : une approche intégrée du bien-être animal." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 1 (April 22, 2008): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.1.3377.
Full textVillar Quiles, Rocío Nur, Isabelle Richard, Céline Bouchet-Seraphin, and Tanya Stojkovic. "La dystrophie musculaire des ceintures de type R9 liée au gène FKRP." médecine/sciences 36 (December 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020239.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Système nerveux – Régénération – Modèles animaux"
Barrette, Benoit. "Facteurs cellulaires et moléculaires influençant la régénération axonale dans les systèmes nerveux central et périphérique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20332.
Full textLes réponses cellulaires et moléculaires qui sont mises en place après une lésion de la moelle épinière et des nerfs périphériques diffèrent. Les processus de réparation qui veillent à rétablir l’intégrité tissulaire favorisent la régénération axonale seulement dans le système nerveux périphérique (SNP) lésé. Des inhibiteurs associés aux débris de myéline exerceraient un blocage de la repousse axonale dans le système nerveux central (SNC) lésé. L’objectif de cette étude visait, dans un premier temps, à répertorier et à mesurer l’expression génique des récepteurs connus de ces inhibiteurs dans toutes les régions encéphaliques de la souris avant et à la suite d’une contusion de la moelle épinère. Les résultats démontrent que les expressions des récepteurs NGR1, NGR2 et LINGO-1 sont les plus importantes et disséminées dans tout le cerveau. L’expression du co-récepteur p75NTR est plus restreinte, mais détectable dans certaines voies surpra-spinales, tandis que l’expression de TROY est presque inexistante. L’expression de ces récepteurs ne varie pas suivant un traumatisme de la moelle épinière au niveau thoracique. À l’opposé, les débris de myéline sont rapidement neutralisés par les cellules immunitaires dans le SNP lésé, ouvrant la voie à la régénération axonale. Pour évaluer la corrélation possible entre la régénération axonale et le recrutement des cellules immunitaires, nous avons étudié la repousse des axones du nerf sciatique chez la souris transgénique CD11b-TKmt-30 dans laquelle des traitements au ganciclovir entraînent la mort des cellules myéloïdes, normalement recrutées au site de lésion et dans le segment nerveux distal. Les résultats indiquent qu’en diminuant l’apport en cellules immunitaires myéloïdes (CD11b+), le rétablissement des fonctions sensori-motrices est compromis et associé à une absence de régénération axonale, une accumulation des débris de myéline, une déprivation en neurotrophines et à une déstablilisation de la vasculature et/ou une inhibition de l’angiogénèse. Ainsi, les cellules immunitaires (CD11b+) sont requises pour supporter la régénération axonale par de multiples mécanismes. En contrepartie, les cellules immunitaires ont un accès restreint au SNC ce qui abrogerait la régénération des voies supra-spinales lésées par l’action des inhibiteurs associés à la myéline reconnaissant leur récepteur à la surface des cônes de à croisssance.
The cellular and molecular responses that are activated after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries are quite distinct. These processes help restore tissue integrity and facilitate axonal regeneration in the injured peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the injured central nervous system (CNS), axonal regrowth is believed to be prevented by several myelin-associated inhibitors. The goal of this study is to examine and measure mRNA expression for the most studied myelin-associated inhibitors in the brain before and after a spinal cord contusion. Results show that NGR1, NGR2 and LINGO-1 are widely expressed throughout the mouse brain. In contrast, the co-receptor p75NTR is more specifically expressed in neuronal descending pathways from the brainstem, whereas TROY mRNA expression is absent. Notably, expression for these receptors was not modulated after trauma. Because myelin debris are efficiently cleared by immune cells after PNS lesion, axonal regeneration can proceed. To prove the link between axonal regeneration and the recruitment of immune cells, we have studied sciatic nerve regeneration in the CD11b-TKmt-30 transgenic mouse model in which the recruitment of myeloid cells is severely impeded by ganciclovir treatments. Results demonstrate that depletion of myeloid CD11b+ cells leads to severe deficits in recovery of sensory-motor functions that are associated with axonal regeneration failure, myelin debris accumulation, decrease of neurotrophin expression, and vascular destabilization and/or angiogenesis inhibition. Thus, CD11b+ myeloid cells are required to stimulate axonal regeneration via multiple mechanims. These results also suggest that the limited access of immune cells in the injured CNS could be, at least partly, responsible for the lack of regeneration of central axons.
Parent, Martin. "La collatéralisation axonale dans les ganglions de la base chez le primate." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23629/23629.pdf.
Full textGingras, Marie. "Application du génie tissulaire à l'étude du système nerveux périphérique sensoriel et moteur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24182/24182.pdf.
Full textChauvet, Norbert. "Rôles des tanycytes dans les mécanismes de régénération axonale des neurones du système nerveux central du rat adulte." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20160.
Full textLiu, Song. "Repousse axonale de la moe͏̈lle épinière vers la périphérie à travers un tube de collagène ou un greffon de nerf autologue : étude expérimentale après traumatisme de la moe͏̈lle épinière et du plexus brachial chez les rats et les primates adultes." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUE02NR.
Full textHebert, Guillaume. "Facteurs inflammatoires et réorganisation post-lésionnelle dans le système nerveux central : role de l'interleukine-1α dans un modèle murin de maladie de Parkinson." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21035.
Full textInjury to the central nervous (CNS) system induces an inflammatory reaction, whose involvement in the lesion and in the subsequent tissue reorganization is ambiguous. The administration of MPTP in mice provokes a lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway as well as its spontaneous partial recovery. We show that during the early denervation phase an inflammatory reaction takes place in the striatum and in the ventral mesencephalon. However, interleukin (IL)-1α is the only transcribed cytokine, in the striatum, during the recovery. Even though IL-1α is mainly expressed by astrocytes, it is also found on dopaminergic terminals and could be present on perivascular growth cones. The use of mice, whose IL-1 transmembrane receptor has been invalidated, shows that IL-1 would partially protect from the early effects of MPTP. It seems that IL-1α could play the role of a neurotrophic factor in the adult CNS
Mériaux, Céline. "Imagerie du système nerveux central par spectrométrie de masse MALDI." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10059/document.
Full textIn recent years, MALDI mass spectrometric imaging has proved to be a powerful tool for biomarker research. This technology allows the analysis of a wide range of endogenous and exogenous compounds in tissue sections. Many developments need to be undertaken to improve the detection of molecules. The sample preparation, including chemical treatment and deposition of the matrix, is dependent on the tissue and molecules of interest and influences the quality of spectra and images. In addition, the bioinformatics tools such as multivariate analysis provide informations on the markers according to phenotypes. These steps are crucial for imaging applications in the field of biology. First of all, we focused on the development of new matrices suitable for MALDI imaging such as ionic matrices. Secondly, these developments have been applied to the invertebrate model, the medicinal leech, at embryonic and adult stages, to compare the biological mechanisms involved in the establishment of the central nervous system and nerve regeneration after injury of this system. Finally, studies of neurological damage have been undertaken to understand the key factors involved in the balance regeneration/degeneration. Thus, studies of human hippocampi samples have revealed the existence of proteins associated with a particular distribution corresponding to layers of neurons abnormally present in the hippocampus of epileptic patients
Muller, Christophe. "Régénération et restauration fonctionnelle après atteinte cérébrale chez le rat adulte : une approche préclinique combinant plusieurs stratégies thérapeutiques." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6128.
Full textDamage to the adult mammal brain has been considered to be irreversible for a long time. We know now that regeneration can occur in the CNS, provided a permissive environment is furnished to neural cells to stimulate their inherent growth capacity. This introduces new regrading brain damage therapeutic opportunities. Based on an aspirative lesion of the Rat dorsal septo-hippocampal pathways, the current thesis tried to promote CNS regeneration processes by testing individually or in combination several new treatments. The results highlight the functional and structural beneficial effects of a wide-range treatment consisting of a polyamine, the putrescine, combined with an anti-inflammatory agent, the aminoguanidine, which also reduces the polyamine degradation in to toxic metabolites. In association with a biomaterial implanted as a recovery bridge in the lesion cavity, and reinforced by others treatments targeting the bioavailability of endogenous neurotrophic factors (enriched housing and/or administration of synthetic regenerating agents), this treatment reduced some of the lesion induced behavioral deficits by improving neuronal plasticity. However, these encouraging results have been limited by the too rapid degradation of the biomaterial, preventing the neural fibers from reaching and reconnecting the target structure. Given the complex intricate mechanisms involved in brain regenerative processes, the optimization of complementary and synergistic treatments appears to be essential to overcome the various obstacles opposed to the reconstruction of lesioned neural pathways
Chevalier, Stéphanie. "Plasticité post-lésionnelle des réseaux médullaires locomoteurs des urodèles : étude électrophysiologique et immunohistochimique." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21178.
Full textUrodeles can recover spontaneously their locomotor behaviour following a complete spinal cord transection. Using electrophysiological and neuroanatomical in vivo techniques, we have shown that locomotor recovery is related to a reinnervation of locomotor networks below the lesion by reticulospinal axons. Some of the regenerated reticulospinal axons come from glutamatergic and serotoninergic neurons. However, long term post-lesionnal modifications of the locomotor patterns were observed. Moreover, in vitro study of intrinsic properties of motoneurons, before and after spinal cord transection, showed that the muscarinic modulation of motoneuron excitability is increased after spinalisation. In conclusion, the post-lesionnal plasticity of Urodele locomotor networks depends both on their reinnervation by descending pathways and on modifications of motoneuron intrinsic properties
Wisztorski, Maxence. "Développements en imagerie par spectrométrie de masse et applications aux modèles invertébrés." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b2cd98ef-2445-48bc-9462-f547716f3776.
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