Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système socio-écologique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 32 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Système socio-écologique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Leenhardt, Pierre. "L'approche socio-écologique appliquée à la gestion côtière : concepts et application." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066591/document.
Full textCoastal areas around the world are under intense pressures from climate change, habitat destruction, and over-exploitation of marine resources. These different pressures can induce rapid changes in the state of ecosystems characterized by strong changes in biodiversity, with whole ecosystems ceasing to function in their current form. As a result, the sustainability of goods and services produced by coastal areas is no longer assured. This results in economic and social disruptions for populations whose livelihood depends directly or indirectly on coastal biodiversity. In order to understand these linked social and environmental interactions, the socio-ecological approach is increasingly used to illustrate the role of humans in the dynamics of coastal marine ecosystems and the benefits it derives from them. However, the majority of current research remains theoretical and few case studies applied to the management of coastal areas test this concept in a transdisciplinary approach. The main objective of this thesis is to fill this gap by exploring the concepts of the socio-ecological approach applied to coastal management. Thus, in the first chapter of this thesis, we summarize the challenges insights and perspectives of the socio-ecological approach applied to coastal management. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 focus on the analysis of the coral reef resource system and explore the social-ecological trade-offs revealed by a set of multiple driver’s scenarios in order to explore the potential evolution of the main ecosystem services of Moorea island lagoon in French Polynesia
Leenhardt, Pierre. "L'approche socio-écologique appliquée à la gestion côtière : concepts et application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066591.
Full textCoastal areas around the world are under intense pressures from climate change, habitat destruction, and over-exploitation of marine resources. These different pressures can induce rapid changes in the state of ecosystems characterized by strong changes in biodiversity, with whole ecosystems ceasing to function in their current form. As a result, the sustainability of goods and services produced by coastal areas is no longer assured. This results in economic and social disruptions for populations whose livelihood depends directly or indirectly on coastal biodiversity. In order to understand these linked social and environmental interactions, the socio-ecological approach is increasingly used to illustrate the role of humans in the dynamics of coastal marine ecosystems and the benefits it derives from them. However, the majority of current research remains theoretical and few case studies applied to the management of coastal areas test this concept in a transdisciplinary approach. The main objective of this thesis is to fill this gap by exploring the concepts of the socio-ecological approach applied to coastal management. Thus, in the first chapter of this thesis, we summarize the challenges insights and perspectives of the socio-ecological approach applied to coastal management. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 focus on the analysis of the coral reef resource system and explore the social-ecological trade-offs revealed by a set of multiple driver’s scenarios in order to explore the potential evolution of the main ecosystem services of Moorea island lagoon in French Polynesia
Le, Gouvello Raphaëla. "L'économie circulaire appliquée à un système socio-écologique halio-alimentaire localisé : caractérisation, évaluation, opportunités et défis." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0019/document.
Full textThe years 2000 have favored the emergence of "Circular Economy" (CE) in the public debate, as opposed to the "linear economy", the dominant model that led to acknowledged economie and ecological limits. Our work is a first attempt to address the CE to a fishery-dependent socio-ecological System, the Cornouaille region in Brittany. The approach is systemic, multidimensional and dynamic. It implies the identification of marine boundaries, in which only Coastal fisheries are considered as a local production. The analysis is conducted along three main axes: an analysis of the upstream part at sea (fishing), an analysis looking at the downstream value chain, on land, and a third looking at the whole System. First, a Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) analysis adapted to fisheries is proposed as a relevant tool to improve economy and environmental performance of fishers, providing evidence of hidden costs of fish discards.Second, the fish bioresource flow analysis indicates a strong dependency on importation and exportation flows to maintain land-based activities depending on sea products, albeit evidence of a significant contribution of Coastal fisheries to the local economy. Third, the exploration of the sardine sub-system through scenarii, ranging between from "business as usual" to those lined with CE, shows an alternative development trajectory, based upon a potential "basket of goods and services", a "territorial value", specifically linked to local fisheries. To achieve such a sustainable CE, we would need to not only aim at a more efficient use of local marine resources and decrease negative externalities, but also advocate for a shared governance, suited to the scale of the considered localised socio-ecological System
Diallo, Alassane. "Changement climatique et migrations humaines au Sénégal : une approche en termes de vulnérabilité du système socio-écologique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE004/document.
Full textClimate change and human migration are two major issues of our time. Starting from the observation of a dichotomous knowledge between maximalists and minimalists, which results in a limited capacity of scientific research to take into account the dynamic and complex interactions between climate and human migrations, this thesis proposes a better understanding and explanation of the climate-migration relations through a renewed and integrative approach (the vulnerability of the socio-ecological system). It aims to fulfill two objectives. On the one hand, to produce new knowledges those take into accounts socio-ecological interactions and feedbacks at different spatial and temporal scales and, on the other hand, to propose a quantified instrumentation of these social-ecological interactions and feedback. This contribution could serve as a starting point for a decision-making tool to evolve towards more targeted and effective policies.This thesis emphasizes a certain difficulty in highlighting a robust relationship between climate change and migration in the Sahel region. This latter, often seen as a relatively homogeneous entity, presents complex socio-economic and physical-climatic spatial heterogeneities that do not allow a stronger understanding of migratory movements which are in change since the 1970s. For this purpose, a reduced complexity model, based both on a partitioning of the study area (Senegal) and a partitioning of data (agro-ecological zones and regions of Senegal), is mobilized as a framework for the analysis of social-ecological migrations in terms of vulnerability induced by climate change. Thus, the innovative heuristic framework built (knowledge model with a sequencing of variables) has made it possible to instrument the climate-migration relationships within Senegal.Our results show an accelerating/amplifying climatic effect of interregional migrations underlying the living conditions of populations. In general, climate alone is not sufficient to "produce" migration. The climatic effects channel through the socio-economic variables (initial vulnerability). Under these results, we retained in fine the name of "eco-climatic migrants". Thus, policies relating to eco-climatic migration in this western part of the Sahel should move towards both: (i) development issues by reducing socio-economic vulnerabilities (poverty and inequality) by acting on the environment and the populations consistently and extensively respectively; and (ii) climate economics issues by reducing the physical-climatic vulnerability through appropriate mitigating and adapting policies to face climate change
Lamarque, Pénélope. "Une approche socio-écologique des services écosystémiques. Cas d'étude des prairies subalpines du Lautaret." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV036/document.
Full textThe ecosystem service (ES) concept is increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and is spreading into policy and business circles to draw attention to the benefits that people receive from biodiversity and ecosystems. Nevertheless, while the number of case studies considering various dimensions of the interactions between ecosystems and land use via ES has been steadily increasing, integrated research addressing interrelationships between biodiversity, ES and land use has remained mostly theoretical. This thesis aims through a socio-ecological approach to understand: (1) Which ES are potentially delivered given ecological dynamics, (2) how these ES are perceived by stakeholders in terms of value and knowledge, (3) how human management affects ES delivery, and (4) how ES are taken into account in land management decisions, thereby considering feedbacks from ecosystem to the land use system through ES. To address these questions, an interdisciplinary study was conducted on Villar d'Arène (French Alps) a municipality where the subalpine landscape is shaped by extensive mountain livestock farming. Statistical modelling and geographical information systems where combined to analyse the determinants of the spatial distribution of biodiversity and ES within the landscape using ecological (including plant functional traits), biophysical and land-use data. The following ES were mapped: agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, carbon storage, soil fertility, soil moisture, conservation of plant diversity and pollination. These allowed us to quantify trade-offs and synergies in the current landscape and to identify key management types supporting multifunctionality. The dynamics of ES was projected under four different scenarios integrating climatic, socio-economic and land-use changes, which were developed using a participative approach with regional experts and local farmers. Analyses of projected scenario impacts showed that ES synergies and trade-offs evolve differently when considering direct effects of climate on ecosystems, and/or their indirect effects through farmers adaptive responses. Interviews with local stakeholders (experts from nature conservation and agricultural extension, farmers and inhabitants) of mountain grasslands showed that the ES concept is still relatively unknown in explicit terms. Nevertheless after defining ES to interviewees, they expressed a variety of relevant interests and knowledge. Although all stakeholders valued a common set of ecosystem services (agronomic value, aesthetic value, water quality, and conservation of plant diversity), we identified negative and positive representations of the effects of grassland management on ecosystem services, depending on stakeholders perceptions of the relationships between soil fertility and biodiversity, and biodiversity and the other services. Finally, a role-playing game explored how ES cognition mediated environmental feedbacks on farmers' behaviours. Results emphasized the influence of other factors such as socio-economic or climatic context, topographic constraints, social value of farming or farmer individual and household characteristics, on the link between ES and land-management decisions. This case study demonstrates the interest of an integrated approach decomposing the feedback loop from ecosystems to land use when studying ES for scientific or policy purposes
Villanueva, Villa Antonio. "Services écosystémiques et paysage : Interactions dans un système socio-écologique à la périphérie de la Ville de Mexico." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0020.
Full textIn an era dominated by strong anthropogenic transformations, the search for new approaches to reconcile human activities and natural ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. In this sense, the concepts of "Ecosystem Services" and "Socio-Ecological Systems" are increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and are taken into account in political spheres to draw attention to the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems. These concepts lead to the study of complex links between society and nature, where the spatial dimension and landscape characteristics have a strong influence. However, few studies have been applied in a spatial approach.This thesis presents a research on the spatial dimension of Ecosystem Services, in particulary those of the temperate forests of the mountains on the periphery of Mexico City. Ecosystems have an important role to the human well-being through many ecosystem services. These Ecosystem Services are the result of complex interactions between nature and society.The Central Valley (central zone) of Mexico is a priority area for biodiversity conservation due to the high degree of endemism of the fauna and flora species present. In this zone where several protected natural areas are located, a public-private initiative is seeking to create a new conservation category that includes the management of all these areas. This initiative is known as the "Bosque de Agua" (Water Forest). However, in the "Bosque de Agua" the spatial stakes between nature and society are subject to strong anthropic pressures which are due to mining and agricultural activities and to the urban spread of large conurbations. In this space, these pressures lead to the degradation of natural ecosystems. Research is needed to analyse the spatial dimension of interactions between nature and society, by studying the synergy between Socio-Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Services.The thesis introduces the conceptual framework used to study the links between Ecosystem Services and Socio-Ecological Systems. It is considered in this research that Ecosystem Services are at the centre of the "Bosque de Agua" Socio-Ecological Ecological System.In the spatial modelling section, four Ecosystem Services were evaluated (water supply, wood supply, food supply and local climate regulation).The results of this section include a map of Ecosystem Services by identifying hotspots of Ecosystem Services. These results make explicit in space, through geographically weighted regressions, the impact of landscape characteristics on Ecosystem Services.In addition, the spatial coherence of protected natural areas and the spatial distribution of Ecosystem Services were assessed in terms of area. The objective is to create a typology of natural areas according to the surface area of protected and unprotected Ecosystem Services hotspots.Finally, a third result relates to the perception of local inhabitants of the intrinsic capacity of the "Bosque de Agua" to provide Ecosystem Services. This perceived capacity was assessed through field photo questionnaires
Lamarque, Penelope. "Une approche socio-écologique des services écosystémiques. Cas d'étude des prairies subalpines du Lautaret." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770307.
Full textBognon, Sabine. "Les transformations de l'approvisionnement alimentaire dans la métropole parisienne : trajectoire socio-écologique et construction de proximités." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010578.
Full textCities are not meant to produce their own livelihood, and so, they are an interesting starting point to the study of the food system. Based on a threefold theoretical framework – territorial ecology, socio-ecological paths and transitions, and proximity strategies – this thesis aims at a multidisciplinary analysis attesting how the food system has been evolving inside the Paris metropolis. The thesis gives a detailed account of the food supply’s socio-ecological trajectory, from the end of the Ancien Régime to the present day. The 2010-2011 turning point settles new initiatives aiming at proximity foodsheds – which had hitherto been ignored altogether or considered marginal and minor. Reterritorialization of the supply is the result of social constructions of geographical and organized proximities. This work also investigates the policies of three food-system stakeholders (public, community and private) regarding an impending transition in the socio-ecological pathway that would imply a merger between production and consumption foodsheds
Lafuite, Anne-Sophie. "Erosion de la biodiversité et durabilité des systèmes socio-écologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30289/document.
Full textHuman-nature interactions form a feedback loop that is driven by the loss of biodiversity-dependent ecosystem services. These interactions occur over many spatial and temporal scales, and mismatches between the scales of human dynamics and ecological processes can contribute to a decrease in human well-being and sustainability. This thesis investigates theoretically the long-term consequences of biodiversity feedbacks on the sustainability of social-ecological systems (SESs). Temporal mismatches resulting from extinction debts can generate unsustainable human population cycles, especially in the most technology-intensive SESs. Moreover, temporal mismatches postpone desirable behavioral changes and reduce resilience, thus increasing the probability of abrupt regime shifts towards unsustainable trajectories. However, natural habitat conservation, e.g. through land set aside or the economic internalization of biodiversity feedbacks, can help prevent or mitigate such crises. This thesis thus emphasizes the role of feedbacks and scales in human-nature interactions, and highlights the importance of foresight for the sustainability of human societies
Maurer, Gilles. "Conservation de l’éléphant d’Asie (Elephas maximus) par l’étude des interactions entre humains et populations sauvages et semi-captives d'éléphants : une approche intégrée des dimensions démographiques, génétiques, économiques et socioculturelles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG011/document.
Full textFor thousands of years, the Asian elephant has played an important role in the culture, economy and construction of Asian nations. Almost a quarter of the population of this emblematic and threatened species consists of so-called captive elephants. However, both national legislation and conservation programmes tend to treat captive and wild populations separately. In Laos and Myanmar, the tradition of elephant handling by villagers and the interactions between wild and village elephants still persist.The objective of this thesis is to qualify and quantify these interactions to better understand their dynamics and roles in the survival of the species. I described the factors driving the socio-ecological system between humans, village and wild elephants and its resilience through an interdisciplinary and integrative approach.Based on an ethnoecological study, I analyzed the recent evolution of the human-elephant socio-ecological system in Laos and its consequences on human-elephant relations, husbandry practices and the perception of the species among elephant owners. The emergence since 2000 of the commodification of nature and the restriction of access to forests has led, on the one hand, to the segregation between wild and village elephants and, on the other hand, to the transition from a traditional to an intensive keeping system of village elephants. Community perception and tolerance towards wild elephants is linked to the principle of reciprocity. Owners having access to wild males to sire their females accept the presence of wild elephants contrary to mahouts engaged in logging activities.I then built a bio-economic model to quantify the effects of socio-economic strategies on the long-term viability of village elephant population in Laos. I demonstrated that fecundity is impacted primarily by the dynamics of the wild population through reproduction between village females and wild males. Second, the fecundity is impacted by the financial incentive of elephant owners tobreed their animals instead of working. Thus population viability is highly dependent on socio-economic conditions in the short term and the efficiency of wild elephant conservation in the long term.A population genetics study showed that the genetic diversity of wild and village elephant was high and differentiation was weak between Laos and Myanmar. The isolation of wild populations and the increasing segregation of village elephants will lead to genetic loss and inbreeding that can be managed by promoting gene flows at the regional level and between the two populations. The study suggests considering both populations from the two countries as a unique management unit. These two studies illustrate that resilience of the socio-ecological system is the result of multiple factors acting at different levels or scales, sometimes in opposite ways.Finally, this thesis allows to discuss the conditions of resilience and long-term viability of the human-elephant socio-ecological system and to explore potential scenarios including the on-going domestication process of the species
Bruckmann, Laurent. "L'intégration des zones inondables dans la gestion de l'eau et le développement de l'irrigation d'une vallée fluviale sahélienne : le cas des terres de décrue de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC214/document.
Full textSince the decline of water resources in the 1970s, the middle Senegal river valley is a space dealing with many socio-environmental changes. Public policies have controlled the river with two dams, Manantali and Diama, and made the valley the preferred location for the development of irrigated agriculture for the national supply of rice. Faced to this situation, the floodplains wetlands, characterized by a flood/recession rythm, are forgotten by development policies. The objective of the thesis is to understand how these flood recession lands fit into socio-environmental changes, and finally to define their current roles for local populations into the reorganization of the middle Senegal river valley.The work is based on a study of the socio-ecological system of the floodplain of the middle valley. The methodology thus has several components. A hydrological analysis and a mapping of the dynamics of the flooded areas by remote sensing, showed the importance of the management choices of the Manantali dam in the allocation of water for the flood in the valley. Socio-economic surveys, carried out in four village terroirs and using semi-structured interviews, highlighted the integration of flood-recession related activities into household strategies, and define the economic, food supply and ecological functions between the different agro-ecological units of the floodplain. Finally, factors holding flood-recession related activities have been identified at household level, such as the diversity of ecosystem services, the heritage value of these areas and the integration of households in irrigation
Ionescu, Ciprian. "Biodiversité et stratégie des organisations : construire des outils pour gérer des relations multiples et inter-temporelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAE010/document.
Full textEcosystems’ preservation and the economic performance of organisations are often considered to be antagonistic. Nevertheless, ecosystems and organisations are interdependent, and they can be seen as part of the same social-ecological system (SES). The goal of our research is to identify the tools that ensure that the SES environmental and economic viability constraints we provide (i.e. ecological resilience and organisations’ profitability) are observed. After highlighting the ecological weakness of conventional neoclassical regulatory tools, we measure the effectiveness of two other categories of tools that have appeared recently and are often praised. The voluntary approaches analysed generally ensure the economic viability of organisations, but their environmental goals, which are variably reached, often ignore the complexity of ecosystems. Among the environmental accounting approaches, those considered as neoclassical regulatory tools pursue objectives that are ecologically inappropriate, whereas heterodox approaches observe our ecological constraints, but entail a significant reform of accounting policies. These results prompt us to elaborate an environmental management model, set to ensure shorter term SES viability. It lies, for its ecological effectiveness, on an adaptive management approach at the territorial level. The competitive disadvantages which might arise are identified in appropriate accounts, and these situations are addressed with using suitable redistributive processes
Cerceau, Juliette. "L’écologie industrielle comme processus de construction territoriale : application aux espaces portuaires." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0724/document.
Full textThe circulation of material and energy flows reflects the functioning of both biosphere and human societies. Industrial ecology, in its territorial approach, questions these socioecological interactions within a geographical area. It contributes to the definition and structuration of land into territory. Through an experimental approach led upon port areas, the aim is to reveal this dynamic of territorial configuration in industrial ecology. Territory constitutes a complex matrix of representations and practices, uncovered in actors’ speeches. From the analysis of 21 industrial ecology port case studies at an international scale, 9 territorial patterns are defined in order to observe and interprete this dynamic. Implemented in Marseille-Fos port area, these patterns allow the production and the interpretation of actors’ speeches in order to identify the territorial construction modes and to build a common territorial configuration, at the interface of actors’ representations and practices. This experimentation highlights a territorial embeddedness phenomenon for industrial ecology. It reveales industrial ecology’s contribution to a “territoriality-territorialisation” dynamic, leading to territorial configuration. It thus proposes a socioecological definition of territory, identifying biotopes and niches occupied by different actors. The overlapping of these biotopes and niches questions the evolution of port governance for the implementation of industrial ecology
Ferreira, Laura Angelica. "Le rôle de l'élevage bovin dans la viabilité agro-écologique et socio-économique des systèmes de production agricoles familiaux en Amazonie brésilienne. Le cas d'Uruara (Para, Brésil)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAP0050.
Full textMacera, Lisa. "Restauration des écosystèmes de mangroves : évaluation et amélioration des pratiques à travers une étude comparative de projets à l'échelle mondiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2015.
Full textMangroves represent unique coastal social-ecosystems situated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. They endure both anthropogenic and natural degradations, compromising their ecological functionalities and their numerous contributions to human societies. In response to this situation, a multitude of mangrove restoration projects have been initiated. However, in the long term, a significant portion of these initiatives has failed, highlighting a lack of understanding of the ecosystem and its relationship with human societies. Within this context, this thesis primarily aims to address the following question: How can the effectiveness of mangrove ecological restoration projects be improved? Three research objectives have emerged in response: (i) to assess the restoration projects' effectiveness for nature and society, (ii) to identify gaps leading to poor practices, and finally, (iii) to propose solutions to enhance the projects. To achieve these objectives, a geographic analysis of restoration projects on a global scale was undertaken, examining each of the projects' major phases: design, implementation of restoration measures, and monitoring-evaluation. In the design phase, one of the major identified gaps is the lack of standardized pre-restoration site assessment methods accessible to managers. To address this need, the foundations of the Rapid Assessment Method for Mangroves (RAM MANGROVES) tool were developed. A bibliographic analysis, coupled with semi-structured interviews with experts and supported by a field test, led to a method consisting of 16 ecological and socio-economic descriptors, as well as a standardized field protocol.During the implementation phase, a state of the art of restoration measures and a synthesis of scientific recommendations for their improvement were carried out. This involved a comparative analysis of global restoration projects and an in-depth study of a particular case in the Philippines. These efforts highlighted the crucial importance of a systemic approach integrating ecological, social, and economic aspects to maximize the chances of a restoration project's success. They also confirmed a key point: rehabilitation of conditions conducive to mangrove development should be considered a priority, with replanting only considered if the environmental conditions favourable to the maintenance and development of mangroves have been rehabilitated or were not degraded. This work also illuminated that most scientific recommendations are not adhered to in many mangrove restoration projects.Finally, in the monitoring-evaluation phase, a significant lack of project evaluation was identified. To encourage project holders to undertake this crucial step, a high-resolution remote sensing approach is proposed. This approach was used to evaluate the evolution of the vegetation cover of six restoration sites in Costa Rica, Senegal, Benin, and the Philippines. This analysis utilizes Landsat and Sentinel images. An analysis at multiple spatial and temporal scales was conducted to ensure the robustness of the interpretations. The results revealed a high accuracy of the mapping, with an average Kappa index of 0.95, confirming the reliability of this approach.In summary, the effectiveness of mangrove restoration projects is closely linked to the quality of project design, the relevance of selected restoration measures, the active engagement of local communities, and the use of appropriate monitoring tools
Perrotton, Arthur. "Conduite du bétail et coexistence entre les aires protégées et leurs périphéries : une approche participative." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS118/document.
Full textAbout 15 % of the world’s terrestrial area has some kind of protected status. Human-wildlife conflicts, crops raiding, livestock predation, poaching, illegal natural resources harvesting, the list of issues taking place at the edge of African protected areas is long. These issues are wicked problems, characterized by scientific uncertainties and involve conflictive cultural values and interconnections with other problems. The constructivist approach of post-normal sciences (PNS) assumes that reality is socially constructed. Studying and addressing wicked problems therefore requires insights on local stakeholders’ perspectives. In this PhD we focused on interactions between the Sikumi Forest (SF), a Zimbabwean protected area, and the rural communities living at its periphery. More particularly, we focused on the tensions related to cattle herding practices. The situation shows characteristic of wicked problems: the difficulty to frame a precise problem; high uncertainties about the studied SES; incomplete scientific knowledge; competing cultural values; and the interconnection to other problems. In order to understand cattle-related interactions between rural communities and the protected area, we co-designed a participatory research tool taking the form of a role-playing game (RPG) enabling us to elicit cattle herding strategies. The RPG was used with naïve villagers (villagers who were note involved in the co-design). This PhD thesis shows how the use of virtual worlds allows researchers to cope with the catch-22 of wicked problems, that is that any action transforms the problem and brings us “back to the beginning”. The co-design of the research tool allows to deal with one of the major characteristics of wicked problems: uncertainties. In the participatory design of the RGP, these were collectively reframed through negotiation. Participation led to the appropriation of the co-designed object by local actors, as a result our project went beyond the initial ambitions and produced a multi-dimensional tool of which we necessarily lose control. In a wider perspective, we believe that with the emergence of Transfrontier conservation in Africa, participatory approaches like ours can provide alternative ways to study and manage coexistence between protected areas and their peripheries
Dupont, Helene. "MODELISATION MULTI-AGENTS D'UN SERVICE ECOSYSTEMIQUE : SCENARIOS DE SYSTEMES D'EQUARRISSAGE PAR DES RAPACES NECROPHAGES." Phd thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598563.
Full textCerceau, Juliette. "L'écologie industrielle comme processus de construction territoriale : application aux espaces portuaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984644.
Full textLe, Noë Julia. "Biogeochemical functioning and trajectories of French territorial agricultural systems : carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes (1852-2014)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS159/document.
Full textThis work investigates agricultural systems from the angle of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) fluxes in French regions from 1852 to 2014, following a socio-metabolic approach stressing out the underlying logic behind these material fluxes. Results brought out by this research highlight the systemic relation between production pattern and N and P balances, and changes in soil organic C stocks in agricultural soil. Intensive specialized agricultural systems generate high environmental losses and resource consumption per unit agricultural surface and present largely open nutrient cycles due to substantial trade flows. Conversely, integrated crop and livestock farming have more limited N and P consumption and lead to lower air and water contamination. Long-term analysis shows that only after the Second World War, under the pressure of strong interventionist policies, some French regions specialized into crop or livestock farming. Particularly, the period from the 1950’s to the 1980’s was marked by a concomitant acceleration in crops yields, livestock production and use of mineral fertilizers. This resulted in increased N and P balances over cropland and grassland and growing C inputs to cropland, causing important losses of N to the hydrosphere and atmosphere, together with the accumulation of P and C stocks in soils. However, C accumulation resulting from increased crop production was permitted by the increased recourse to mineral fertilizers and agricultural machinery which consumes fossil-fuel energy. Therefore, C storage in cropland was a side-effect of the shift from an energy metabolism based on solar energy to one based on fossil-fuel combustion
Lancesseur, Nicolas. "Macroeconomic scenarios for employment in the socio-ecological transition." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010043.
Full textThe general objective of this dissertation is the ex ante assessment of the economic policy response needed in the European Union to take up the climate change issue. Moreover, we tried to maximise the employment results of these policies. The results of the scenarios designed in this framework, lead us to the following beliefs: (i) to respect the recommendations of the IPCC, which is an absolute necessity, the political reaction needs to be rapid and strong from now. (ii) Despite the intensity of the policy response, the scale of the endeavours is not so exceptional in a historical perspective, while global warming is definitely a historical challenge. (iii) The economic instruments aiming at reducing GHG emissions will result, if they are well calibrated, in a significant better situation of the European labour market. (iv) However it would be very dangerous to wait for climate mitigation policies that could selve also completely the labour market issue, because such policies are unlikely to exist. Indeed, the European labour market currently faces serious difficulties and will face important structural risks in the next decades. It is a good thing if the mitigation policies participate to the solution, but the structural disequilibrium of labour market requires a much larger response from policy makers. One of the policy response scenarios led us to make an empirical investigation to verify the credibility of one modelling choice we made. Then, we developed an original econometric mode! aiming to capture the effect of the preferences change on consumption. We used therefore the Kalman fil ter to estimate this bias of preference changes in a consumption demand system in the framework of a panel data model. Severa! structural changes independent of prices or income motions, such as the rise in environmental, health, and well-being concems, are captured by our estimations. Moreover, the empirical results provided by the mode! confirm that the consumers behaviour changes simulated in the scenario built in the first part, are in a reasonable order of magnitude
Longépée, Esméralda. "La résilience des systèmes socio-écologiques des États atolliens dans le contexte du changement climatique : le cas de Kiribati (Pacifique Sud)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS007/document.
Full textThe threats to states entirely composed of atolls from climate change and associated sea-level rise have been widely publicized. The Republic of Kiribati is an atoll country situated in Pacific Ocean settled by 100,000 inhabitants. Over the past centuries, the atoll communities of Kiribati have developed natural resource management systems that have enabled their survival. Over the past decades, globalization has caused rapid changes, especially regarding lifestyles and relationships of atoll communities to their natural environment. Given the highly integrated nature of the societal system and the ecosystem in the atolls, this thesis addresses the question of the future of atoll countries in the context of climate change by studying the resilience of their social-ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. This thesis postulated that an assessment of social-ecological resilience of climate- and marine-related disturbances required a preliminary analysis of their general resilience. Such assessments are based on conceptual models made from interviews and surveys and from the analysis of aerial imagery. The future of atoll countries is discussed considering different scenario: adaptation, transformation, migration and collapse
Delclaux, Julie. "Gestion du paysage en faveur du réseau écologique. : Modes de gouvernance, représentations et pratiques dans les espaces agricoles." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2036.
Full textBiodiversity conservation no longer only concerns protected areas. It is also a matter of ecological network. Ecological corridors between habitats participate in the circulation of animal and plant populations. This new perspective extends the scope of conservation to ordinary nature and areas where ecological processes and human activities are strongly intertwined, such as agricultural areas. This study focuses on the implementation of integrated biodiversity conservation in agricultural areas through landscape management for ecological network. We study the modes of governance, representations and practices on several scales, mixing qualitative and quantitative analyses. At the national and regional scales, changes in social representations of the relationship between agriculture and biodiversity are examined with a content analysis of French media. At the regional and local scale, we compare, in three case studies, the modes of governance of a contractual tool of the French ecological network policy: the Green and Blue infrastructure ("Trame verte et bleue"). For this purpose, we use semi-structured interviews and participant observations. At farm scale, we identify with semi-structured interviews, the ways in which biodiversity can be included as a factor in decision–making practices, and we investigate the farmers’ representations of biodiversity and landscape elements. We show the importance of taking into account the diversity of conceptions and representations of landscape by farmers and all stakeholders for successful integrated biodiversity conservation. In the design and implementation of ecological network policies, the predominant conception of landscape is ecological and therefore has difficulty in including the agricultural issues and farmers’ views. Finally, we discuss the theoretical, methodological and practical implications of our results in conservation geography
Moraine, Marc. "Conception et évaluation de systèmes de production intégrant culture et élevage à l'échelle du territoire." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0050/document.
Full textCrop-livestock integration at territory level may be a pathway to impove metabolic functions and delivery of ecosystem services in agricultural systems, overcoming the constraints of farm specialization. This thesis builds on a methodology of participatory design of integrated crop-livestock systems at territory level in three steps: diagnosis of issues, design of technical and organizational options for change, multicriteria assessment. Each step is supported with a conceptual framework and a multicriteria grid adapted to the case study in Aveyron river basin. The designed scenarios show two approaches of crop –livestock integration: the introduction of alfalfa in downstream cropping systems sold to upstream livestock systems through a local supply chain and the direct exchanges of alfalfa, cereal-legume mixtures and animal manure in local groups of organic farmers. Both scenario present improved sustainability performances and could be complementary to initiate more sustainable practices in local farming systems. The methodology allows designing multi-level and multi-domain scenarios of crop-livestock integration. It could be improved with models for quantitative assessment of benefits and coordination costs among stakeholders
Crémin, Émilie. "Entre mobilité et sédentarité : les Mising, "peuple du fleuve", face à l'endiguement du Brahmapoutre (Assam, Inde du Nord-Est)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080018/document.
Full textNatural disasters in Northeast India and in the rest of the world regularly attract media’s attention. Besides an emergency response to these events, it is necessary to distance oneself from the disaster in order to acquire a better understanding of the cause of the events and the coping strategies adopted by the population. Following on an interdisciplinary approach combining disciplines such as hydro-geomorphology, eco-anthropology and political ecology, this thesis sheds new light on the dynamics of the Brahmaputra River, the socio-environmental interactions and risk management in an area where few studies have been conducted.In Assam, every year during the monsoon, the level of the Brahmaputra River rises and overflows into the floodplain, covering sandy land and carrying fertile silts. In this densely populated area, the Mising tribe - a group from the eastern Himalayas, a scheduled tribe of Assam - has for long time managed to adapt its way of life to this dynamic environment. The Misings practise several types of rice cultivation; use different fishing techniques and move their villages according to the flow of the braided river’s channels. However, in 1950, a major earthquake brought about important modifications in the river’s hydrosystem, seriously upsetting this fragile socio-ecological system. Embankments have been built and land has been administrated on the south bank of the Brahmaputra since the twelfth century to control the river and to establish territories. But since 1954, the State of Assam has extended the embankments on both sides of the river. These infrastructures have encouraged farming communities to settle on these new protected lands, forcing them to respect cadastral boundaries. However, since 1988, breaches in the embankment have frequently led to flash floods, while erosion has caused land belonging to several villages in Majuli, Bokakhat and Dhakuakhana subdivisions, which are discussed in this thesis, to be washed away. The main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate — using examples from these three territories — how river engineering and rigid administrative boundaries have led to a social and environmental crisis that leaves the Misings no option but to adjust their agricultural practices and to adopt various strategies to negotiate their space on Assamese land and within Assamese society. Thus, in Bokakhat, the Misings negotiate their right to access resources with the Kaziranga National Park authorities; in Majuli, they work as farmers for Vaishnavite religious institutions and Assamese landowners; in Dhakuakhana, some of them take shelter illegally on portions of the embankment in the hope that their land will be restored to them, while others choose to migrate. In these distinct socio-economical conditions, they are divided into those who are assimilated into Assamese society through Vaishnavite cults, those who have converted to Christianity, which is gaining a foothold in the globalized world, and those who defend their tribal identity and who are reviving ancient faith. Finally, Mising political organizations are claiming to the State of Assam and to Delhi for more territorial autonomy. This would be a difficult undertaking as their villages are scattered among the other communities of Assam. To what extent these strategies will help the Misings to maintain their adaptability in a changing environment?
Salliou, Nicolas. "La gestion paysagère des ravageurs : exploration des verrous et leviers d'une innovation agroécologique par la modélisation participative." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0040/document.
Full textAgroecology requires the design of farming system integrating as much as possible ecosystem services. Biological control by natural enemies may substitute commonly used pesticides. Ecology findings demonstrate that farming landscapes with a high proportion of natural habitats (woods, forests meadows, etc) favor natural enemies by providing them shelter, nesting sites and food. Landscape Pest Control (LPC), i.e. the design of farming landscapes in favor of these habitats, may be implemented to foster natural enemies and biological pest control. However, how stakeholders may design such landscapes remains unexplored. In this PhD, we followed an action-research approach and explored the design of such pest regulating landscapes together with local and scientific stakeholders. We initiated a participatory approach with agricultural stakeholders in a part of the Tarn-et-Garonne region specialized in fruit production. Our research seeks to identify the factors in favor of a LPC according to stakeholders’ representations and knowledge. In particular, we qualified the conditions under which natural enemies and the landscape are socially constructed resources providing ecosystem services. We also seek to identify if these stakeholders were linked through dependencies which may necessitate a coordinated management of the landscape. We explored the possibility of a LPC through several cycle of participatory modelling. This PhD successively established mental models of local stakeholders about their pest control strategies, co-constructed participatory Bayesian models in order to explore uncertainties surrounding LPC, and finally we co-constructed an agent-based model about the population dynamic of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii and its potential landscape management. Our results show that, according to scientific and local stakeholder’s actual representations, the composition of the landscape in natural habitats is weakly related with pest regulation ecosystem services, even though the landscape is related with higher functional biodiversity. Nowadays, as stakeholders see little benefit, they don’t consider to be dependent to benefit from an enhanced biological control through a LPC strategy. Farmers rather mention their preference towards individual solutions such as pesticides or exclusion nets surrounding their orchards. This individual focus suggests that designing innovation favorable to natural enemies might be more relevant within farms, like focusing on the vegetation between rows of fruit trees. Besides, these results show the need for scientific studies relating economics and ecology to explicitly measure the benefits farmers could obtain from a landscape favorable to natural enemies. Positive results of such study would enhance further participatory research around LPC strategies. Finally, this participatory and exploratory research identified new sites for investigation and raised questions about the LPC which could be further looked into
Le, Noë Julia. "Biogeochemical functioning and trajectories of French territorial agricultural systems : carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes (1852-2014)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS159.
Full textThis work investigates agricultural systems from the angle of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) fluxes in French regions from 1852 to 2014, following a socio-metabolic approach stressing out the underlying logic behind these material fluxes. Results brought out by this research highlight the systemic relation between production pattern and N and P balances, and changes in soil organic C stocks in agricultural soil. Intensive specialized agricultural systems generate high environmental losses and resource consumption per unit agricultural surface and present largely open nutrient cycles due to substantial trade flows. Conversely, integrated crop and livestock farming have more limited N and P consumption and lead to lower air and water contamination. Long-term analysis shows that only after the Second World War, under the pressure of strong interventionist policies, some French regions specialized into crop or livestock farming. Particularly, the period from the 1950’s to the 1980’s was marked by a concomitant acceleration in crops yields, livestock production and use of mineral fertilizers. This resulted in increased N and P balances over cropland and grassland and growing C inputs to cropland, causing important losses of N to the hydrosphere and atmosphere, together with the accumulation of P and C stocks in soils. However, C accumulation resulting from increased crop production was permitted by the increased recourse to mineral fertilizers and agricultural machinery which consumes fossil-fuel energy. Therefore, C storage in cropland was a side-effect of the shift from an energy metabolism based on solar energy to one based on fossil-fuel combustion
Mestre, Irene. "La contribution de la gestion communautaire des ressources pastorales à la résilience des communautés rurales post-soviétiques, le cas du Kirghizistan." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3006.
Full textMy research looked at pastoral resources and agropastoral systems after the implementation in 2009 of community-based pasture management over all the territory of Kyrgyzstan. I investigated how the community-based pasture management contributes to the resilience of rural communities. I used multiple embedded case-studies in order to comprehensively embrace the linkages between land-use, resource dynamics and governance. The case-studies were three rural municipalities and their pastures, which form socio-ecological systems. National level was also examined. Data-collection was conducted through extensive field-work in the rural communities, participant observation in NGOs implementing projects in the domain of pasture management at national level, and literature review. I used qualitative data analysis through thematization and basic statistic analysis for quantitative data. The theoretical framework combines the approach of Common-pool resource management by Ostrom (1990) and the resilience of spatial socio-ecological systems by Aschan-Leygonie (2000). Based on them I elaborated a qualitative framework to analyze the contribution of Community-Based Pasture Management (CBPM) on spatial resilience of socio-ecological systems. As pasture, I understand the pastures them-selves as well as all the other resources necessary for their use, e.g. water and access infrastructure. My results show that community-based management fails to create feed-back loops between the environment, the practices and the management measures. Pasture Committees do not carry out formal data collection on resource dynamics, neither on the impacts of use. Their actions merely follow pasture user interests which are potentially led by indigenous knowledge on pasture condition, although there is a need for more research on this point. However, in general, community-based pasture management positively affects the resilience of rural communities. First, by its open-nature, remote and marginalized households can take part in the decision-making. Second, the investment generated allows for repair and maintenance of infrastructure (roads, bridges) giving access to remote pasture, thereby limiting livestock concentration on most accessible pastures. Third, it creates interactions of a new type between agropastoral and non-agropastoral pasture users, as well as between local stakeholders and national-level stakeholders. Thus, community-based pasture management is a factor of the expansion of local socio-ecological systems and of the diversification and intensification of their interactions, within the systems, as well as across scales
Murgue, Clément. "Quelles distributions spatiales des systèmes de culture pour limiter l'occurence des crises de gestion quantitative de l'eau ? Une démarche de conception évaluation sur le territoire irrigué de l'Aveyron aval." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0133/document.
Full textIn irrigated landscapes exposed to quantitative water management crisis, the intensity of low flows depends on interactions between cropping systems, pedoclimatic situation hydrology, water releases and withdrawal restrictions. In many situations there are no opportunities for more water storage, thus tensions occur between water managers and users, which makes the planning of water demand dynamics necessary. My work explores the potentials in the “spatial management of water” to align the water demand dynamics with natural and stored water availability. I present a 3 step, participatory method to design and assess agricultural landscapes: (1) model the Social-Agro Hydrological system, (2) design alternative spatial distribution of the cropping systems, (3) carry an integrated assessment of those alternatives based on observed climatic variability. This method combines “hard” and “soft” methods, knowledge and tools, and uses the MAELIA multi-agent simulation platform. I tested the method tested in the downstream area of the Aveyron River (800 km² Southwestern France). It allowed to formalize the actors’ visions on alternative distributions of the cropping systems. However they showed to be limited in solving the water deficit issue. The method could be continued to reach operational proposals
Coz, Richard. "Une approche interdisciplinaire de la pertinence et de la faisabilité d'une co-gestion de la pêche récréative sur l'île d'Oléron : l'étrille, Necora puber (Linnaeus, 1767), comme modèle biologique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS404/document.
Full textAmong several other activities practice on coastal socio-ecological system, recreational fishing ones have significantly increased over the past few years, becoming an issue for sustainable development. In France, the weakness of states governance concerning DPM management, questions the relevancy and feasibility of a co-management policy for these leisure activities. This paradigm, constituting a good substitute for top-down management, recommends an increased participation of local populations for managing environments and improving their outcomes. Oléron Island is thus affected by these observations, which are intensified by societal changes distinguishing island territories. In the current research context, aiming at solving societal problematic, it is relevant to consider an interdisciplinary approach to provide relevant answers. Concerning recreational shellfish gathering targeting the velvet swimming crab, results in biology and ecology highlight some characteristics which should indicate a weak short and long terms potential impact of the disturbances affecting local populations. As regards to societal aspects, the relevancy of co-management is clearly demonstrated by several land-use conflicts, a lack of means to manage the practice and scientific data, the lack of consultation, etc. The territorial dynamic and local initiatives, as well as land-use conflicts, underline the existence of a “political window” which should allow the implementation of a co-management process for recreational fishing in the following years, subject to further efficient communication and a real desire from stakeholders concerned by the management of this practice
Nciri, Aida. "The divergent diffusion of district energy systems in France and Alberta : state politics and the socio-material and socio-spatial construction of low-carbon transitions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2192.
Full textHow do different state structures and urban and energy socio-material contexts explain the uneven diffusion of district energy systems (DES) in urban areas of France and Alberta between 2000 and 2014 ? To answer this question, this thesis analyses the processes inherent to low-carbon energy transitions through socio-spatial and socio-material lenses, considering power relations and state structure. At the intersection of urban planning and energy systems, DES proves practical to explore the nexus between low-carbon governance, energy governance, and urban governance. Theoretical frameworks employed in the analysis include 1) recent contributions from (urban) transition studies and socio-technical systems ; 2) a Lefebvrian conceptualisation of socio-space and social changes ; and 3) Jessop’s (1990, 2008) strategic-relational approach of state power. An original inter-scale comparative research allows for examining the uneven construction of low-carbon energy policies in France and Alberta, and their relations with state structures, and existing urban and energy systems. Jessop et al.’s Territory-Place-Scale-Network (TPSN) framework is mobilised to overcome the issues of commensurability and spontaneous comparison. These theoretical and methodological approaches provide a robust demonstration that the provincial scale in Canada, and the national scale in France, are the scales dominating the construction of low-carbon energy transitions and urban governance. Despite similar state powers, French and Albertan governments developed different state policies on low-carbon transition, highlighting selectivity in the exercise of state capacities. They differently engaged and enabled local urban governments and developed different state interventions on DES. In France, state-sponsored DES activated new channels of growth compatible with existing dominant socio-materialities; in Alberta, state-funded DES experiments failed to activate new channels of growth compatible with dominant socio-materialities. This thesis posits that selective construction of low-carbon policies depends on the material interests of dominant energy and state actors. In other words, the state does not seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by all means. Rather, it seeks to reproduce dominant socio-material status quo, adapting low-carbon policies to existing socio-material configuration. Ultimately, this thesis validates how the concepts of state structure and the TPSN framework can enrich the theorisation of space and power relations for (urban) transition studies
Corrales, Roa Elcy. "Caractérisation des espaces et pratiques de conservation dans les systèmes de production familiale en Colombie : quelles contributions pour la conservation des paysages?" Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857385.
Full textJugie, Jeanne-Hélène. "Les relations ville-port selon une approche d’écologie territoriale : le cas de Montréal." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20451.
Full text