Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes complexes – Modèles mathématiques'
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Baguelin, Marc Joseph Matthieu. "Modélisation de systèmes complexes par métadynamiques : application à la modélisation de populations en coévolution." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-225.pdf.
Full textPorcel, Alfonso. "Contribution à la commande multivariable des systèmes complexes rapides, instables ou pseudostables." Mulhouse, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MULH0716.
Full textThe subject, which is deait i͏̈vith. Here, aims at the intégration of the détection and diagnosis of potentially dangerous drivihg Situations into a road vehicle thanks to partial strain torques (Fx, Fy, Fz and Mz) on the four wheels. From reai tests, the method helped to study and determine the stability conditions of traction type vehicles. The results were compared with those obtained through the phase plane theory. The final monitor is then able, not only to detect the moment when a situation becomes critical, in a robust way, but also to give îts danger quotation degree. The output data of this monitor are then used for dynamic stability control (basic controller) by acting on the braking system, using fuzzy logic techniques. So, these actuators are controlled through strain references determined by the driver's actions. The pertinence of an approach based on the robust control is aiso examined and discussed in this paper
Carrillo, Le Roux Galo. "Stratégie d'identification de modèles algébro-différentiels. Application aux systèmes réactionnels complexes." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT010G.
Full textAjmone, Marsan Giulia. "Nouveaux paradigmes et méthodes mathématiques pour systèmes complexes dans l'économie comportementale." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0139.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the mathematical investigation of properties of complex socio-economic systems, where individual behaviors, and their interactions, exert a crucial influence on the overall dynamics of the whole system. In order to understand the importance of such an investigation, it is necessary to briefly analyze some conceptual aspects relating to the interaction between applied mathematics and socio-economic sciences. The main issue in this field consists in coupling the usual qualitative interpretation of socio-economic phenomena with an innovative quantitative description by means of mathematical equations. This dialogue, however difficult, is necessary to reach a deeper understanding of socio-economic phenomena, where deterministic rules may be stochastically perturbed by individual behaviors. The difficulty mostly stems from the fact that the behavior of socio-economic systems, where the collective dynamics differ from the sum of the individual behaviors, is aparadigmatic example of a complex system. The mathematical framework presented in this dissertation is built by suitable developments of the so-called mathematical kinetic theory for active particles, which proved to be a useful reference for applications in many fields of life sciences. The description of a system by the methods of the mathematical kinetic theory essentially implies the definition of the microscopic state space of the in¬teracting entities and of the distribution function over this state space
Barboucha, Mohamed. "Modélisation structurale des systèmes complexes, extraction et validation des règles d'un système expert." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10098.
Full textKamsu-Foguem, Bernard. "Modélisation et vérification des propriétés de systèmes complexes : Application aux processus d'entreprise." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20050.
Full textMihalache, Alin Gabriel. "Construction et évaluation de la sûreté de fonctionnement de systèmes industriels complexes : application sur système embarqué." Angers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ANGE0054.
Full textMechatronics is defined as the integration of mechanical engineering, electronics, computer control,. . . In the design and manufacture of increasingly innovative products. This approach must be accompanied today by the guarantee of dependability of the developed systems. However, reliability, one factor key defining the to the dependability, is not sufficiently evaluated in the development of mechatronic systems. We have developed a complete methodology in order to design and evaluate the reliability of mechatronic systems. Our methodology is a tool for decision-making at different stages of the development and life cycles for mechatronic systems, based on the estimation of theirs reliability. The reliability estimation at the stage of the product conception is done from the Stochastic and Déterministes Petri nets model of mechatronic systems which takes into account the functional modeling, the dysfunctional modeling (with the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA),. . . ) and different reliability data bases for each component. The experimental and the operational reliability are determined using the Bayesian estimation method BRM, which takes into account the data, obtained during the tests and from the experience feedback. A sample application on the Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) illustrates this methodology for reliability estimation
Bordeaux, David. "Modélisation de systèmes complexes par décomposition en sous ensembles : application au broyage du blé dur." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20026.
Full textZiani, Rezki. "Vérification des objectifs de disponibilité et de maintenabilité des systèmes complexes modélisés par leurs ensembles minimaux : vers une optimisation de la sûreté des systèmes." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPI250.
Full textRajaoarisoa, Lala Herimanjaka. "Modélisation et analyse d’une classe de systèmes complexes à structures variables : application à une serre agricole." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30002.
Full textThe greenhouse culture leads to give plants a suitable environment for them to develop correctly. On the other hand, the greenhouse culture can also minimize production costs. To achieve these goals, we need to find optimal control for production type. To do this, we will need a good predictive model of the system studied. Indeed, if the model does not adequately describe the behaviour of the system, this may affect the ability of the control. However, it should be understood that greenhouse farming is a very complex system, consisting of elements that can interact and exchange of energy between them and with their environment. The use of a standard model in this context may not be sufficient to describe the behaviour and allow the identification of any changes. In this thesis, a modelling methodology of greenhouse farming will be proposed so that the model can be subsequently used for environmental monitoring of the greenhouse. The model that describes the behaviour of our system must be identified. In addition, the modelling methodology and the structure of the commutation must be appropriately chosen for the identification, observation, diagnosis, and ensure some properties of each model. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown by experiments conducted on a greenhouse farm on the site of the University of Toulon Var to discuss and illustrate all specificities of the class of systems considered
Schmitt, Claude. "Contribution à l'identification des paramètres physiques de systèmes complexes : application au véhicule automobile." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0592.
Full textLe, Pors Éric. "Interprétation sémantique des exigences pour l'enrichissement de la traçabilité et pour l'amélioration des architectures de systèmes complexes." Télécom Bretagne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELB0127.
Full textThe increasing complexity of software-intensive systems produced in the industry is related to the complexity of engineering: reduction of production delays, activities organisation, managing subcontractors. . . This complexity is also due to the increasing number of new functions and data to be processed. Moreover, it depends on the number of physical and software components to interact, constrained in terms of functionality and quality, which implies ever more difficult designs for these systems. To control their production, a high level of expertise is required in more and more domains. Moreover, this knowledge must be shared by many teams collaborating on building specification and implementing separate and specific entities of the system. System Engineering process describes the different building phases, from operational need analysis, through system need analysis, to the establishment of an architectural solution that meets the functional need expressed by the customer. This need is formalized in requirements. This PhD work proposes an approach to model architectural solutions by expressing the required functions associated with their non-functional constraints using different viewpoints. These viewpoints can represent different facets of the architectural solution, separing thus the global complexity. Additionally, controls allow to ensure that the solution is compliant with coherence and design rules. We also propose a method coupled with the realization of a conceptual model of the system and its environment, in order to obtain better written requirements. The conceptual model allows us to make an interpretation of the semantics present in these requirements in order to extract control and verification elements. These items captured in requirements will annotate elements of different viewpoints, representing the architecture, by exploiting traceability links established by design engineers. The verification of these annotations consideration and the automatic generation of viewpoints from information contained in the requirements allows us to obtain architectural solutions closer to the customer needs. The conceptual model also gives us the opportunity to capitalize, in different expertise domains, on engineers knowledge. It also enables us to establish a reference model as a basis for discussion and training of new team members
Laurent, Robert. "Modélisation et identification des systèmes complexes : application à l'épuration biologique des eaux." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10042.
Full textBoiron, Marie-Aurélie. "Modélisation phénoménologique de systèmes complexes non-linéaires à partir de séries chronologiques scalaires." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10044.
Full textDuchereau, Jérôme. "Modélisation non paramétrique des incertitudes en dynamique transitoire des systèmes complexes avec incertitudes non homogènes." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0479.
Full textThis paper is devoted to numerical models for prediction of transient dynamical response induced by shocks upon structures with inhomogeneous random uncertainties. The usual numerical methods for analyzing such structures in the low- and medium- frequency ranges employ reduced matrix models based on the use of the elastic modes. The contribution of the higher modes is very sensitive to the modelling and data errors. Here, a recent nonparametric probabilistic method is applied to construct the random matrix model allowing modelling and data errors to be taken into account. The paper presents an extension of the nonparametric method for the case of inhomogeneous uncertainties in the structures. A dynamic substructuring method is used and every substructure gets its own uncertainty level. Experiments have been developed in order to validate the nonparametric probabilistic approach of random uncertainties for such dynamical systems
Djeridi, Radhouane. "Contribution à la maîtrise de la disponibilité de systèmes complexes : proposition d'une méthode de réordonnancement proactif de la maintenance." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00592437.
Full textRouss, Vicky. "Expérimentation en dynamique des systèmes mécaniques complexes pour le transport." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2008.
Full textThis work was accomplished within the framework of FCLAB, national research institute for fuel cell systems, with for objective to develop, in an experimental approach, a procedure for identification complex mechanical systems as the recognition of their dynamical behaviour. Practically, this work contributes in modelling the mechanical behaviour of PEM fuel cells. The first part of this memo develops the subject of the thesis. It includes three sub-parts: a presentation of the test bench which includes the vibration platform of the UTBM, an introduction to the complex mechanical systems as well as their identification procedure and a description of the PEM fuel cells especially its nonlinear mechanical aspect. The procedure of identification of complex mechanical systems includes three stages which are going to define the parts two, three and four successively. The first stage is the realization of the vibration tests. For that purpose, a procedure for complex mechanical systems vibration tests is developed in the second part. This procedure is fundamental for the good progress and exploitation of the tests. The acquisition data are used for the two following stages. The second stage of the identification procedure, developed in the third part, consists in characterizing non-linearities from the experimental data. The characterization contains detection, classification and localization of non-linearities. The third and last stage of the identification procedure develops modelling the complex mechanical systems with neural networks. It explains the steps for creating a neuronal model. The neural networks are developed in the fourth part. To conclude this memo, the identification procedure of a complex mechanical system is applied to a PEM fuel cell. Results are exposes and discussed in the fifth part
Rodriguez, Zoya Leonardo Gabriel. "Le modèle épistémologique de la pensée complexe : analyse critique de la construction de la connaissance en systèmes complexes." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10032/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis develops an empirically grounded and critical epistemological research on scientific knowledge construction in the community of researchers working on complex systems and social simulation. The goal of this Thesis is to establish a complex epistemology for the critical study of the process of construction, organization and change of scientific knowledge. To do this, we construct an epistemological model of the complex thought [MEPC] which provides a theoretical framework and guides the empirical methodology. We investigate the dynamics and the organization of scientific knowledge in field of complex systems and social simulation in three temporal scales: the long, average and short duration. The construction of the MEPC is grounded in the complex thought, proposed by Edgar Morin and it integrates theoretical contributions from complex systems sciences and computational modeling and simulation methods. The MEPC is empirically operational in order to analyze concrete phenomena and to submit to empirical test its theoretical postulates. The MEPC is used to conduct an empirical research which goal is to understand the organization of the system of scientific beliefs of complex system science and social simulation, using this evidence to critically explain knowledge construction in this scientific field
Esta Tesis desarrolla una investigación epistemológica empírica y crítica sobre la construcción de conocimiento científico en la comunidad de investigadores que trabajan en sistemas complejos y simulación social. El propósito de la Tesis es elaborar los fundamentos de una epistemología compleja para el estudio crítico de los procesos de construcción, organización y cambio del conocimiento científico. Para este fin, se construye el modelo epistemológico del pensamiento complejo [MEPC] que brinda un marco teórico y orienta la metodología empírica diseñada. Se estudia la dinámica y la organización del conocimiento científico en el campo de los sistemas complejos y de la simulación social en tres escalas temporales: la larga, la media y la corta duración. La construcción del MEPC se fundamenta en el pensamiento complejo desarrollado por Edgar Morin y articula aportes teóricos de las ciencias de los sistemas complejos y de los métodos de modelado y simulación. El MEPC es operacionalizado empíricamente para permitir el análisis de fenómenos concretos y someter al test de la experiencia empírica la validez de sus postulados teóricos. Se emplea el MEPC en una investigación empírica con el objetivo de comprender la organización del sistema de creencias científicas de las ciencias de los sistemas complejos y de la simulación social, y de interpretar críticamente la construcción de conocimiento que dichas ciencias realizan
Murphy, Charles. "De la structure croissante des réseaux complexes : approche de la géométrie des réseaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30382.
Full textThe internet and the human brain among others are complex systems composed of a large number of elements strongly interacting according to their specific structure. Nowadays, network science, which construes these elements and interactions respectively as nodes and links of a graph, allows a better understanding of these systems thanks to the quantitative analysis it oers. On the one hand, network science provides the definition of a variety of structural properties permitting their classification. On the other hand, it renders possible the investigation of the emergence of these properties via stochastic network models. In recent years, considerable efforts have been deployed to identify universal evolution mechanisms responsible for the structure of real complex networks. This memoir is dedicated to one of these universal growth mechanisms based on the network geometry theory which prescribes that real networks are abstract objects embedded in similarity metric spaces where the distance between nodes aect the existence of the links. Thanks to advanced analysis methods, the complete characterization of the mechanism has been achieved and allows the control of structural properties over a wide range. This general mechanism could explain, at least effectively, the structure of a number of complex systems for which the evolution is still poorly understood.
Potier, Martin. "Un cadre théorique pour l'intégration des niveaux d'organisation dans les modèles : Applications à l'activité spatiale et à la simulation de grandes populations de bactéries." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1173/document.
Full textWe often build mathematical models to describe and understand what a systemdoes.Each model gives a specific point of view on the system (structure, dynamics,etc.).Building more comprehensive models that encompass many different points of viewis limited by the formalism they are written in.Coupling “simple” models to form a bigger one is an alternative.If each model corresponds to a level of description of the system, e.g., themolecular level, the cellular level, the organ level in biology, then we callthis technique multi-level modelling.Levels of description are organized and interact with each other.We think that multi-level modelling is a promising technique to model complexsystems, which are known to be difficult to model.We have opened three distinct research tracks to investigate the link betweenlocal and global properties, for instance between those of an entity and itspopulation — a classical opposition in complex systems.On the first track, we give precise definitions of a model — independentlyof its underlying formalism, of a system and of some of the relations modelshave (validation, abstraction, composition).We also introduce different classes of models and show how they relate to someclassical definitions (dynamic models, spatial models, etc.)On the second track, we look at mgs, a spatial programming language based onthe rewriting of topological collections by means of transformation functions.We present a constructive method giving us access to a higher level ofdescription of the system (an abstraction). This method automatically computesthe active sub-collection of a model, without any knowledge about the quiescentsub-collection, and follows it for each time step.Finally, on the third track, we present otb, a parallel simulator for thestudy of morphogenesis in a population of ecoli bacteria. We provide a genericalgorithm for the parallel simulation of two-dimensional cellular automataon general-purpose graphics cards.otb itself is built around a multi-level model for the population of bacteria.This model is the result of the coupling of three “simple” (base) models: aphysical model, describing how bacteria collide, a chemical model, describinghow morphogenes react and diffuse, and a decision model, describing how bacteriaand their environment interact
Favret, Fabien. "Aide à la communication modeleurs-solveurs et contribution à l'analyse des systèmes techniques complexes." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0429.
Full textDe, Rainville François-Michel. "Design d'expérimentation interactif : Aide à la compréhension de systèmes complexes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27639/27639.pdf.
Full textRuffine, Livio. "Équilibres de phases à basse température de systèmes complexes CO2 - hydrocarbures légers - méthanol - eau : mesures et modélisation." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10160.
Full textCalvez, Benoît. "Le calibrage de modèles à base d'agents pour la simulation de systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422236.
Full textSid-Ali, Ahmed. "Un processus empirique à valeurs mesures pour un système de particules en interaction appliqué aux réseaux complexes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33730.
Full textOn propose dans cette thèse une modélisation des réseaux sociaux par des processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Notre démarche se base sur une approche par espace latent. Cette dernière a été utilisée dans la littérature dans le but de décrire des interactions non-observées ou latentes dans la dynamique des réseaux complexes. On caractérise les individus du réseau par des mesures de Dirac représentant leurs positions dans l’espace latent. On obtient ainsi une caractérisation du réseau en temps continu par un processus de Markov à valeurs mesures écrit comme la somme des mesures de Dirac représentant les individus. On associe au réseau trois événements aléatoires simples décrivant les arrivées et les départs d’individus suivant des horloges exponentielles en associant chaque événement à une mesure aléatoire de Poisson. Cette thèse est composée essentiellement d’un premier chapitre réservé à l’état de l’art de la littérature de la modélisation des réseaux complexes suivi d’un second chapitre introductif aux processus aléatoires à valeurs mesures. Le 3-ème et 4-ème chapitres sont constitués de deux articles co-écrits avec mon directeur de thèse, Khader Khadraoui, et sont soumis pour publication dans des journaux. Le premier article, inclus dans le chapitre 3, se compose essentiellement de la description détaillée du modèle proposé ainsi que d’une procédure de Monte Carlo permettant de générer aléatoirement des réalisations du modèle, suivi d’une analyse des propriétés théoriques du processus aléatoire à valeurs mesures sous-jacent. On explicitera notamment le générateur infinitésimal du processus de Markov qui caractérise le réseau. On s’intéressera également aux propriétés de survie et d’extinction du réseau puis on proposera une analyse asymptotique dans laquelle on démontrera, en utilisant des techniques de renormalisation, la convergence faible du processus vers une mesure déterministe solution d’un système intégro-différentiel. On terminera l’article par une étude numérique démontrant par des simulations les principales propriétés obtenues avec notre modèle. Dans le second article, inclus dans le chapitre 4, on reformule notre modèle du point de vue des graphes géométriques aléatoires. Une introduction aux graphes géométriques aléatoires est d’ailleurs proposée au chapitre 1 de cette thèse. Le but de notre démarche est d’étudier les propriétés de connectivité du réseau. Ces problématiques sont largement étudiées dans la littérature des graphes géométriques aléatoires et représentent un intérêt théorique et pratique considérable. L’idée proposée est de considérer notre modèle comme un graphe géométrique aléatoire où l’espace latent représente l’espace sous-jacent et la distribution sous-jacente est celle donnée par le processus génératif du réseau. À partir de là, la question de la connectivité du graphe se pose naturellement. En particulier, on s’intéressera à la distribution des sommets isolés, i.e. d’avoir des membres sans connexion dans le réseau. Pour cela, on pose l’hypothèse supplémentaire que chaque individu dans le graphe peut être actif ou non actif suivant une loi de Bernoulli. On démontrera alors que pour certaines valeurs du seuil de connectivité, le nombre d’individus isolés suit asymptotiquement une loi de Poisson. Aussi, la question de la détection de communautés (clustering) dans leréseau est traitée en fonction du seuil de connectivité établi. Nous terminons cette thèse par une conclusion dans laquelle on discute de la pertinence des approches proposées ainsi que des perspectives que peut offrir notre démarche. En particulier, on donne des éléments permettant de généraliser notre démarche à une classe plus large de réseaux complexes.La fin du document est consacrée aux références bibliographiques utilisées tout au long de ce travail ainsi qu’à des annexes dans lesquelles le lecteur pourra trouver des rappels utiles.
This thesis concerns the stochastic modelling of complex networks. In particular, weintroduce a new social network model based on a measure-valued stochastic processes. Individuals in the network are characterized by Dirac measures representing their positions in a virtual latent space of affinities. A continuous time network characterizationis obtained by defining an atomic measure-valued Markov process as the sum of some Dirac measures. We endow the network with a basic dynamic describing the random events of arrivals and departures following Poisson point measures. This thesis is essentially consists of a first introductory chapter to the studied problems of complex networks modelling followed by a second chapter where we present an introduction to the theory of measure-valued stochastic processes. The chapters 3 and 4 are essentially composed of two articles co-written with my thesis advisor, Khader Khadraoui and submitted to journals for publication. The first article, included in chapter 3, mainly concerns the detailed description of the proposed model and a Monte Carlo procedure allowing one to generate synthetic networks. Moreover, analysis of the principal theoretical properties of the models is proposed. In particular, the infinitesimal generator of the Markov process which characterizes the network is established. We also study the survival and extinction properties of the network. Therefore, we propose an asymptotic analysis in which we demonstrate, using a renormalization technique, the weak convergence of the network process towards a deterministic measure solution of an integro-differential system. The article is completed by a numerical study. In the second article, included in chapter 4, we reformulate our model from the point of view of random geometric graphs. An introduction to random geometric graphs framework is proposed in chapter 1. The purpose of our approach is to study the connectivity properties of the network. These issues are widely studied in the literature of random geometric graphs and represent a considerable theoretical and practical interest. The proposed idea is to consider the model as a random geometric graph where the latent space represents the underlying space and the underlying distribution is given by the generative process of the network. Therefore, the question of the connectivity of the graph arises naturally. In particular, we focus on the distribution of isolated vertices, i.e. the members with no connections in the network. To this end, we make the additional hypothesis that each individual in the network can be active or not according to a Bernoulli distribution. We then show that for some values of the connectivity threshold, the number of isolated individuals follows a Poisson distribution. In addition, the question of clustering in the network is discussed and illustrated numerically. We conclude this thesis with a conclusion and perspectives chapter in which we discuss the relevance of the proposed approaches as well as the offered perspectives.The end of the thesis is devoted to the bibliographical references used throughout this work as well as appendices in which the reader can find useful reminders.
Broy, Perrine. "Evaluation de la sûreté de systèmes dynamiques hybrides complexes : application aux systèmes hydrauliques." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01006308.
Full textAmouroux, Edouard. "KIMONO: une méthode de modélisation descriptive centrée agent pour l'explication des systèmes complexes, une application en épidémiologie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630779.
Full textNoubissi, Justin-Hervé. "Modélisation et simulation spatio-temporelles de systèmes dynamiques complexes avec application en épidémiologie : cas du paludisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS281.
Full textStomping out malaria remains a big challenge for computer scientists, mathematicians, epidemiologists, entomologists, medicine doctors and many others. Their approaches range from the cure of the patients to the total disappearance of the disease. However, the collaboration, not always efficient between all these scientists leads to the setting up of incomplete prototypes or to an under-exploitation of the results obtained. Environmental and climatic factors are part of these elements that are generally omitted by computer scientists and mathematicians in their modeling of the dynamic of the disease transmission. The tropical countries most affected by the disease are also mostly underdeveloped or developing countries and therefore, statistical data are often lacking or difficult to access. The populations are constantly in motion over ecosystems with different environmental and climatic conditions from one region to another. In this thesis, we propose a model that integrates migratory, spatial and temporal elements, while ensuring the stability conditions in the mathematical sense. We present the disease, study existing approaches and present their limitations in our context, and then propose three types of models that we compare: a meta-population model without consideration of climatic factors, a meta-populations with consideration of climatic factors during the human-mosquito contact and a meta-populations model with consideration of climatic factors throughout the evolutionary process of the mosquito ; This last appears to be the most realistic
Paris, Thomas. "Modélisation de systèmes complexes par composition : une démarche hiérarchique pour la co-simulation de composants hétérogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0035.
Full textThis work deals with complex system Modeling and Simulation (M&S). The particularity of such systems is the numerous heterogeneous entities in interaction involved inside them. This particularity leads to several organization layers and scientific domains. As a consequence, their study requests many perspectives (different temporal and spatial scales, different domains and formalisms, different granularities...). The challenge is the rigorous integration of these various system perspectives inside an M&S process. Multi-modeling and co-simulation are promising approaches to do so. The underlying problem is to define a modular and hierarchical process fitted with a rigorous way to integrate heterogeneous components and which is supported by a software environment that covers the whole M&S cycle. MECSYCO (Multi-agent Environment for Complex SYstem CO-simulation) is a co-simulation middleware focusing on the reuse of existing models from other software. It relies on a software and formal DEVS-based wrapping, provides heterogeneity handling mechanisms and ensures a decentralized and modular co-simulation. MECSYCO deals with the heterogeneous component integration need but its M&S process does not have all the properties above-mentioned. Notably, the hierarchical modeling ability is missing. To overcome this, we propose to fit MECSYCO with a descriptive multi-modeling and co-simulation process that allows the hierarchical design of multi-models using models from other software. Our process is split into three steps: integration, multi-modeling and finally the experimentation. We adopt a descriptive approach where a description file is linked to each product of these steps, these documents enable to manipulate them. The use of description files completes the integration steps, allows a hierarchical and modular multi-model design and isolates the experiments. Then we set up a development environment based on Domain Specific Languages to support the description work, and we automate the transition from an experiment description to its effective co-simulation. This is a Model-Driven Engineering approach which allows us to put into practice our contribution by facilitating the work of modelers and by avoiding implementation mistakes. Our contributions are evaluated on several experiments including a hybrid highway model and a thermal regulation example
Boufaied, Amine. "Contribution à la surveillance distribuée des systèmes à évènements discrets complexes." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30234.
Full textZille, Valérie. "Modélisation et évaluation des stratégies de maintenance complexes sur des systèmes multi-composants." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0005.
Full textMaintenance strategies based on RCM method are difficult to assess, due to some methodological difficulties whose resolution is the scientific scope of this PhD Thesis: - the systems considered are composed of numerous dependent components with different degradation and failure phenomena, - maintenance strategies are complex, based on different tasks and without a simple structure. The objective of this PhD Thesis is to propose a method to quantify maintained systems performances. We propose a modelling framework which takes into account all the phenomena that describe multi-component system behaviour and complex maintenance strategy impact. A two-level structure allows a detailed description of components degradation/failure behaviour, all the possible maintenance tasks realisation and the consequences on the system. A global cost criteria based on system unavailability and maintenance costs renders possible to compare different strategies. The approach is implemented by using Petri nets and Monte Carlo simulation. The method is validated through its application on two systems from EDF nuclear power plants: - system AGR study presents the possible utilisations and the results obtained, - system TPA study illustrates the application on a real system and helps to define some further developments on data integration
Paris, Thomas. "Modélisation de systèmes complexes par composition : une démarche hiérarchique pour la co-simulation de composants hétérogènes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0035/document.
Full textThis work deals with complex system Modeling and Simulation (M&S). The particularity of such systems is the numerous heterogeneous entities in interaction involved inside them. This particularity leads to several organization layers and scientific domains. As a consequence, their study requests many perspectives (different temporal and spatial scales, different domains and formalisms, different granularities...). The challenge is the rigorous integration of these various system perspectives inside an M&S process. Multi-modeling and co-simulation are promising approaches to do so. The underlying problem is to define a modular and hierarchical process fitted with a rigorous way to integrate heterogeneous components and which is supported by a software environment that covers the whole M&S cycle. MECSYCO (Multi-agent Environment for Complex SYstem CO-simulation) is a co-simulation middleware focusing on the reuse of existing models from other software. It relies on a software and formal DEVS-based wrapping, provides heterogeneity handling mechanisms and ensures a decentralized and modular co-simulation. MECSYCO deals with the heterogeneous component integration need but its M&S process does not have all the properties above-mentioned. Notably, the hierarchical modeling ability is missing. To overcome this, we propose to fit MECSYCO with a descriptive multi-modeling and co-simulation process that allows the hierarchical design of multi-models using models from other software. Our process is split into three steps: integration, multi-modeling and finally the experimentation. We adopt a descriptive approach where a description file is linked to each product of these steps, these documents enable to manipulate them. The use of description files completes the integration steps, allows a hierarchical and modular multi-model design and isolates the experiments. Then we set up a development environment based on Domain Specific Languages to support the description work, and we automate the transition from an experiment description to its effective co-simulation. This is a Model-Driven Engineering approach which allows us to put into practice our contribution by facilitating the work of modelers and by avoiding implementation mistakes. Our contributions are evaluated on several experiments including a hybrid highway model and a thermal regulation example
Kada, Belkacem. "Contribution à l'identification et l'identification en ligne en vue de la base de la commande automatique en temps réel des systèmes complexes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23687/23687.pdf.
Full textCorson, Nathalie. "Dynamique d'un modèle neuronal, synchronisation et complexité." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453912.
Full textNguyen, Kim Anh. "Développement de stratégies de maintenance prévisionnelle de systèmes multi-composants avec structure complexe." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0027/document.
Full textToday, industrial systems become more and more complex. The complexity is due partly to the structure of the system that cannot be reduced to classic structure reliability (series structures, parallel structures, series-parallel structures, etc), secondly the consideration of components with gradual degradation phenomena that can be monitored. This leads to the main purpose of this thesis on the development of predictive maintenance strategies for complex multi-component systems. The proposed policies provide maintenance grouping strategies to take advantage of the economic dependence between components. The predictive reliability of components and importance measures allowing taking into account the structure of the system and economic dependence are developed to construct the grouping decision rules. Moreover, a joint decision rule for maintenance and spare parts provisioning is also studied.All the conducted studies show the interest in the consideration of the predictive reliability of components, economic dependencies as well as complex structure of the system in maintenance decisions and spare parts provisioning. The advantage of the developed strategies is confirmed by comparing with the other existing strategies in the literature
Quinton, Jean-Charles. "Coordination implicite d'interactions sensorimotrices comme fondement de la cognition." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361431.
Full textUn modèle mathématique utilisant le formalisme des systèmes complexes est détaillé, ainsi que son implémentation informatique. La dynamique de l'agent y est modélisée par un champ d'activité sous l'influence permanente d'anticipations internes et de sensations externes. Le comportement global de l'agent résulte alors de la coordination implicite et stable de processus interactifs localisés. A ce niveau, le modèle étend et complète les réseaux de neurones artificiels et les modèles probabilistes classiques. Cette caractéristique essentielle permet d'appliquer le modèle à des domaines variés et d'unifier tous les niveaux de la cognition. Le modèle est validé par un ensemble d'applications s'étendant de la satisfaction de besoins physiologiques à la manipulation de systèmes mécaniques, en passant par la perception auditive et visuelle. Enfin, et afin de pouvoir étendre ce type de modèles à des problèmes plus complexes dans le futur, des contributions techniques touchant à l'optimisation et à la parallélisation des algorithmes sont développées.
Phan, Van Long Em. "Analyse asymptotique de réseaux complexes de systèmes de réaction-diffusion." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0012/document.
Full textThe neuron, a fundamental unit in the nervous system, is a point of interest in many scientific disciplines. Thus, there are some mathematical models that describe their behavior by ODE or PDE systems. Many of these models can then be coupled in order to study the behavior of networks, complex systems in which the properties emerge. Firstly, this work presents the main mechanisms governing the neuron behaviour in order to understand the different models. Several models are then presented, including the FitzHugh-Nagumo one, which has a interesting dynamic. The theoretical and numerical study of the asymptotic and transitory dynamics of the aforementioned model is then proposed in the second part of this thesis. From this study, the interaction networks of ODE are built by coupling previously dynamic systems. The study of identical synchronization phenomenon in these networks shows the existence of emergent properties that can be characterized by power laws. In the third part, we focus on the study of the PDE system of FHN. As the previous part, the interaction networks of PDE are studied. We have in this section a theoretical and numerical study. In the theoretical part, we show the existence of the global attractor on the space L2(Ω)nd and give the sufficient conditions for identical synchronization. In the numerical part, we illustrate the synchronization phenomenon, also the general laws of emergence such as the power laws or the patterns formation. The diffusion effect on the synchronization is studied
Gariah, Asven. "Réduction de modèles complexes pour la simulation et l'estimation : application à la modélisation cardiaque." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824615.
Full textMartinez, Lorente Maria Angeles. "Synthèse et propriétés magnétiques et structurales de complexes du fer(II) avec des ligands renfermant des noyaux imidazole : Modélisation du site ferreux non-heme des systèmes photosynthétiques. Etude de polymères du fer(II) à propriétés magnétiques inusuelles." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30034.
Full textBouré, Olivier. ""Le simple est-il robuste ?" : une étude de la robustesse des systèmes complexes par les automates cellulaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0162.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the role of robustness in the context of the modelling of complex systems by cellular automata. Indeed, if we consider a cellular automaton which aims at reproducing an emergent behaviour from a similar structure, we want to determine whether its observed dynamics are the result of the interaction of entities, or whether it depends a precise definition of the model. We thus consider the model's robustness, that is, the resistance of the behaviour to small perturbations on the model features. First, we show the relevance of this approach by considering several definitions of a perturbation of the global updating and by applying them to a simple and representative class of cellular automata, the Elementary Cellular Automata. We observe that, despite the fact that most models show little or no change between the different perturbations, some particular cases show qualitative changes that we study in detail. Second, we apply this approach to a particular model of cellular automata, which simulates a swarming behaviour based on a lattice-gas model. We then explore the model robustness by considering the pertubations of two of the model's attributes, the lattice shape and the global updating, and discuss the relationship between the observation of the behaviour and the precise definitions of the model
Vu, Hai Canh. "Stratégies de regroupement pour la maintenance des systèmes à composants multiples avec structure complexe." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0008/document.
Full textIn the recent decades, with a strong development of the global economy and new technologies, the structure of industrial systems is more and more complex. It can be a combination of elementary structures such as series structures, parallel structures, series-parallel structures, etc. In the literature, the most work focused on developing grouping strategies by considering series structures. This assumption is sometimes much penalized and limited the application of these strategies in reality. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to develop dynamic and stationary grouping strategies for the maintenance of multi-component systems with complex structure. These strategies have been developed for age-based models with non-negligible maintenance durations. In addition, dynamic conditions (dynamic context) such as maintenance opportunities, changes of the structure, etc., are considered and integrated into the maintenance scheduling.Our studies show the necessity and the difficulties of taking into account of the complex structure in the maintenance decisions. Numerical examples confirm the advantages of our maintenance strategies by comparing with other existing strategies in the literature
Benavides, Julio. "Dynamique des maladies dans les systèmes sociaux complexes : émergence des maladies infectieuses chez les primates." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20163/document.
Full textUnderstanding the emergence and spread of infectious disease in wild animal populations has become an important priority for both public health and animal conservation. Combining the collection of empirical data with the development of epidemiological models, this thesis focuses on understanding two key issues of wildlife epidemiology: (i) how heterogeneity at the individual, group, population and landscape level affects parasite spread (ii) investigating whether transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria from humans to wildlife is occurring within three protected areas of Africa (Tsaobis NP-Namibia, Lope NP-Gabon and Dzanga-Ndoki NP-Central African Republic). The main findings of this work indicated that: (1) multiple-scale factors including temperature, rainfall, home range use, sex, age and body condition influence gastro-intestinal parasite richness among wild baboons; (2) animal contacts around ‘habitat hotspots' can substantially influence the spatio-temporal dynamics of a disease; (3) antibiotic resistant enterobacteria seem to be spreading from humans/livestock to wildlife when the territory overlap between these two populations is expected to be high; (4) gradients in gorilla density created by bushmeat hunting can reverse the expected pattern of decreasing parasite prevalence with distance to human-spillover. The conclusions of this work open new possibilities for studying the mechanisms explaining the spread of emerging infectious diseases among wild animals
Linard, Benjamin. "Développement de méthodes évolutionnaires d'extraction de connaissance et application à des systèmes biologiques complexes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ044.
Full textSystems biology has developed enormously over the 10 last years, with studies covering diverse biological levels (molecule, network, tissue, organism, ecology…). From an evolutionary point of view, systems biology provides unequalled opportunities. This thesis describes new methodologies and tools to study the evolution of biological systems, taking into account the multidimensional properties of biological parameters associated with multiple levels. Thus it addresses the clear need for novel methodologies specifically adapted to high-throughput evolutionary systems biology studies. By taking account the multi-level aspects of biological systems, this work highlight new evolutionary trends associated with both intra and inter-process constraints. In particular, this thesis includes (i) the development of an algorithm and a bioinformatics tool dedicated to comprehensive orthology inference and analysis for hundreds of species, (ii) the development of an original formalism for the integration of multi-scale variables allowing the synthetic representation of the evolutionary history of a given gene, (iii) the combination of this integrative tool with mathematical knowledge discovery approaches in order to highlight evolutionary perturbations in documented human biological systems (metabolic and signalling pathways...)
Merheb, Rania. "Fiabilité des outils de prévision du comportement des systèmes thermiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969036.
Full textTirico, Michele. "Morphogenesis of complex networks. : An application in urban growth." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH17.
Full textThe characteristics, functions and morphogenetic processes of a large number of complex spatial networks are influenced by the position and the geometry of their constituent elements. In this work, we address the computational aspects of the morphogenesis of complex networks by proposing a general model, simulating their formation. The networks are generated under the influence of constraints expressed through a vector field that is determined using a reaction-diffusion system. We use the Gray-Scott model to produce a wide variety of dynamic patterns. The resulting vector field controls the geometry and the growth rate of the constructed network that feeds back the reaction-diffusion process. A study was carried out on the influence of the patterns and feedback processes on the structure of the obtained networks using measures from graph theory and multi-fractality theory. A process of validation and evaluation of the model's behaviour was carried out and applied by comparing the networks obtained to largest French cities and the most relevant geometric planar graphs
Aggab, Toufik. "Pronostic des systèmes complexes par l’utilisation conjointe de modèle de Markov caché et d’observateur." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2051/document.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis deals of diagnosis and prognosis of complex systems. It presents two approaches that generate useful indicators for optimizing maintenance strategies. Specifically, these approaches are used to assess the level of degradation and estimate the Remaining Useful Life of the system. The aim of these approaches is to overcome for the lack of degradation indicators. The developments are based on observers, Hidden Markov Model formalism, statistical inference methods and learning-based methods in order to characterize and predict the system operating modes. To illustrate the proposed failure diagnosis/prognosis approaches, a simulated tank level control system, an induction motor and a Li-Ion battery were used
Roth, Anastasia. "Développement de méthodologies génériques pour la conception optimale et durable des parcs hybrides d'énergies renouvelables." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0036/document.
Full textSustainable growth issues and climate change imply to shift our society organisation towards new paradigms. In the energy sector, it is illustrated by an energy transition via renewables. Within this context and the support of the company VALOREM, we propose a methodology for the sustainable development and design of renewable infrastructures. By using a Model Driven Engineering approach, we were able to adopt several viewpoints on renewable energy issues, while keeping a consistent scientific approach. First of all, from a holistic stance, we developed a conceptual framework for land settlement development process. Thanks to its modelling with UML2 and a methodology to assess the sustainability of processes, it can be used to analyse the trajectory of sociotechnical systems. The framework was tested on two case studies: the success of El Hierro hydrowind power plant implementation in Canary Islands and the failure of the Sivens dam project in the south of France. Their comparison shows that implication of stakeholders at all stages of the development process is crucial for the success of the project. We further propose to implement the conceptual framework as a software tool for the monitoring of land settlement project in real time, with the help of artificial intelligence concepts. However, this proposition was deemed not in line with Valorem’s priorities and we decided to focus on a technical instantiation of the framework for Hybride Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), which design and operation are part of VALOREM’s activity. As, the energy transition implies to change the electrical system model from a centralized to a decentralized one, there exists a need for a grassroots sizing tool for identifying new HRES opportunities. A software prototype for the grassroot optimal design of HRES was developed, offering flexibility in terms of modelling, setting constraints and defining objective functions. It is coded in C++ and based on linear programming model. We showed its relevance on four HRES case studies: two related to electricity market and two for self-supply of energy (one isolated and the other grid-connected). The results show that battery costs are too high to be profitable in HRES and that grid-connected systems seems to be a good alternative. Finally, we carried out an environmental impact assessment of several sources of electricity production to find out which are the “cleaner” ones. The results show that biomass, wind turbines and ground PV are those that should be considered for a sustainable energy transition. In the conclusion, we step back to a more complex viewpoint and develop perspectives to model human interactions within territory development process
Wéry, Jean. "Cadre décisionnel basé sur la simulation et l'optimisation pour résoudre le problème générique de la recherche de la meilleure combinaison de scénarios : applications pour la prise de décisions complexes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27858.
Full textBouré, Olivier. "" Le simple est-il robuste ? " : une étude de la robustesse des systèmes complexes par les automates cellulaires." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918545.
Full textLinard, Benjamin. "Développement de méthodes évolutionnaires d'extraction de connaissance et application à des systèmes biologiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766182.
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