Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes d'enseignement – Congo (République)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 29 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Systèmes d'enseignement – Congo (République).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Mingui, Philippe. "La Formation des enseignants du fondamental premier degré et les objectifs de l'Ecole du Peuple en République Populaire du Congo." Lyon 2, 1986. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1986/mingui_p.
Full textThis study intends to contribute to a better organisation of teacher training and of the refresher-sessions of schoolmasters, as well as to the developping of research in the sciences of education. Diverse research instruments have been used : documentary, investigation and observation methods, sets of questions and interviews for example. In its first part, the study goes through the historical evolution of the teachers' training and the scholar reform in the popular republic of congo. It particularly points out the fact that the organisation methods of work (disciplin and teaching) as well as the the measures of riguour for the maintaining of quality remained the same from the beginning of scholarisation to national independence. Formation types and methods get more and more deeply marked by a falling-off of riguour that bears a deal to the quality of the formed schoolmasters. As for the project of the people's school, it wants to show itself as a trade school at the service of national independence. The second part of the thesis is devoted to investigations carried out among schoolmasters, inspectors, teachers in normal schools, and to the observation of the pedagogic practices of some teachers. The opinions expressed by the investigations and the calls show that the congolese system is in a catastrophic state. (. . . )
Bongo, Noël Manuel. "Relations entre le système éducatif et le système productif dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas du Congo." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE014.
Full textThe aim of this research is to explore some aspects of the functioning of the work market and the articulations between the educational system and production on developing countries in general, and in the Congo in particular. This study is made of three parts of three chapters each, respectively devoted to the observation of the empirical situation, reflexions on the existing theories (their applications in lessdevelopped economies), and the production of complementary analyses. The first chapter of the first part is an introduction to the band and people and to some economic and financial aspects of the Congo. The second chapter focuses on the role of education in the economic and social development of the country. The third one is both an introduction to - and a critical analysis of - the congolese educational system. As for the second part, it aims at pointing out the methodological and theoretical tools which can help understand the relations between the production system and the educational one. The first chapter of this part is a theoretical analysis of the functionning of work market through the interpretations of currents of thought in economics. The second one attempts to show the complexity of relations between education and employment in developing countries, and the last one presents some notions about economic systems and structures in those countries. At last, the third part will be devoted to the statement of the relation between education training and employment; this relation is drawn from investigation. .
Passy, Aubert Macaire. "L'attraction des fonctions non-enseignantes chez les enseignants congolais : contribution à l'étude de la mobilité des enseignants dans la fonction publique et assimilée au Congo." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H012.
Full textThis work propose the story of the school and administrative systems in Congo. It relate teachers ‘movements toward other public areas, in particular political area. Why do they leave ? How do they make to leave from teaching ? Where do they go ? What do they do that are? These are the principal questions treated by this thesis
Mulangwa-Kyomba, Katako. "Les disparités régionales du système d'enseignement zaïrois: étude diagnostique et politique de planification." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213530.
Full textLopez, Mendez Margarita. "Recherche-intervention : pédagogie active et numérique et formation des enseignants du secondaire en Afrique subsaharienne francophone, portée et limites : le cas de la République du Congo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMC025.
Full textThere are many speeches that accord importance to the integration of new pedagogies and new technologies in the search for quality and equitable education in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the difficulties that sub-Saharan African countries must overcome to integrate them into their education systems are colossal. These are mainly linked to five factors: political, economic, technological, human, and cultural situations. The last two factors interest us the most for our research, particularly resistance to change and lack of teacher training. Associated to the actions of the NGO Action Real, we experimented with a training program in ICT and in Active and Participatory Pedagogy with 100 participants (inspectors and teachers) in the Republic of Congo. We then evaluated the impact that this training programme had in the pedagogical practices of teachers and if it is able to generate a change despite the unfavorable structural conditions and if so, of what nature these changes are. Finally, we propose a training program that takes into account the elements collected on the field. We followed an intervention-research approach
Seruhungo, Désiré. "Les formes d'accompagnement et de médiation dans le système éducatif congolais : réalités et perspectives." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG035/document.
Full textEducation in the DRC (Republic Democratic of Congo) favors some students and disadvantages others because it offers all the students a single learning path, regardless of their learning style. Which explains the failures and the abandonments. This is the case of street and demobilized child soldiers who, due to lack of supervision, may be a social danger.However, if these young people had been oriented towards school structures corresponding to their rhythms and learning styles, they could integrate into society. Unfortunately, they do not exist. For the education system that benefiting everyone, the DRC authorities should open up the school system with new pedagogical approaches, train teachers, give them a good salary, build new schools and equip them
Dunga, Elise. "Systèmes de parenté et systèmes de production dans la société Beembe précoloniale : contribution d'une histoire du kaanda avant la pénétration coloniale." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081188.
Full textThe objective of this works is to study the father and child relationship the tribe "kaanda" and "sala". The first part of this work studies the relationship between the "beembe" and its neighbours of the soil ( yaari, teke, minkeege and laali) and its limitraphic neighbours (doondo, kaamba, hangala). For a better undrestanding of a production system based on commmunity method of "kaanda" concept from african perspective. We have also introduced beembe point of view which is nothing but a maginal enlargement of african vision. The second part of this work treats the beembe production from social organisational perspective. We conceptualize the extension of "kaanda" or "kamiakana-diakaanda". A concept which radically opposes the one that was sequentally elaborated while exploring the same field of studies of authors like g. Dupre, nkal'ncom or again ngoye ngalla. We study the way by which they organised their field works, their technologies, their teachings and their product circulation, but above all, on the one hand, we centered on "mfumu kaanda" as regards production; and on the other hand the distribution level without forgetting the commerce, (economy and exchange). At last, we insist on the correlation between the parential systems and the production systems of the beembe community. The result of our analysis brought out the fact that the traditional economic development of our country is more important than the lack of food stuffs, famine, raptures, which is a proof that the "mfumu kaanda" did a good job of "mfumu -busina-kaanda". This is in refence to its economic functions. The economic infastructure of the beembe society of the precolonial time exist as an automatic socio structure. But unfortunately the colonial penetration has modified the exchange terms of the beembe and their society. In a twinkle of an eye, the colonial organization of the beembe society is being confronted and submitted to the uniform decision of the national economy, via mondial. -but, what is them the limit of this whole issue that has finally absorbed the beembe society ? where are those good systems which his now been reduced to a mere element ? at what level is the determinism he suffered situated ? these are the questions we are putting down for our successors to clarify
N'Guimbi, Léon. "Les systèmes de commercialisation des produits agricoles au Congo." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10040.
Full textThe marketing of agricultural goods in the republic of congo are subject to two main parameters which are the traditional circle whose principles still have a significant impact on the economic enterprise on the one hand, and the government authorities whose decisions usually overlook the deep reality of the village communities who are nevertheless the main consumers of the agricultural goods on the other hand. Enterprise declines, the activity decreases while the resort to foof import tunrs a common practice. The congolese political tenet of "all for the government" has significantly discouraged both the producers and their intermediaries. Instead of stimulating the agricultural production, the country's yielding to market economy becomes a handicap instead
Tukanda, Manya Daniel. "Evaluation de l'efficacité des établissements d'enseignement secondaire: analyse des indicateurs favorisant la plus-value pédagogique des établissements :étude réalisée en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210135.
Full textCompte tenu des distorsions importantes dans les conclusions des recherches « processus-produits » qui décrivent les relations entre les facteurs investis(inputs) et le produit (output) dans le domaine de l’éducation et au regard de la littérature interna-tionale mettant en relief une multitude de variables(macro et micro-sociologiques) qui semblent influencer la réussite scolaire des élèves, nous avons tenu à mettre en évidence dans le contexte de l’enseignement en RDC certaines variables d’ordre scolaire pouvant amener les écoles à la réalisation de la plus-value pédagogique.
Ces dernières décennies, il y a certes une prolifération des établissements d’enseignement jamais existée dans le système éducatif congolais. Mais, ce qui est frappant et étonnant dans ce système éducatif aujourd’hui est le fait de la différence de niveau très remarquable entre élèves de même profil fréquentant les établissements scolaires différents. Leurs élèves soumis à des tests standards, on constate que certains d’entre ces établissements réalisent la plus-value pédagogique alors que d’autres réalisent la moins-value.
Quelles sont les variables d’ordre scolaire pouvant expliquer cette différence de rendement ?Telle est la question principale à laquelle cette étude tente d’apporter quelques éléments de réponse. Face à cette question, l’hypothèse générale que nous avons émise est qu’il existe un « effet-établissement » qui influence les acquisitions de tous les profils d’élèves en classe.
Ce travail s’articule sur deux parties principales emboîtées. La première partie explore quelques théories sur la réussite ou l’échec scolaire des élèves et examine les résultats de quelques études empiriques mettant en relief les effets relatifs de scolarisation. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la description de la démarche méthodologique de notre recherche et à l’analyse des résultats des élèves à nos tests de français et de mathématique. Elle est aussi consacrée à l’analyse des réactions des enseignants et du personnel de direction scolaire à notre questionnaire relatif aux facteurs prioritaires sur lesquels on peut à l’instant porter en tout premier lieu une attention particulière afin d’améliorer le rendement scolaire.
Par une analyse des résultats de 605 élèves de dix-huit établissements de l'enseignement secondaire ayant passé nos tests et aussi par une analyse des réponses à notre questionnaire auquel 122 enseignants et 49 personnel ( conseillers, proviseurs et chefs d’établissement ) de direction des établissements concernés par cette étude ont réagi, nous avons tenté de mettre en évidence certaines caractéristiques scolaires pouvant entraîner la réalisation de la plus et/ou moins-value pédagogique dans une école.
D’une manière générale, les résultats de cette étude montrent que la différence de performances des élèves apprenant dans les établissements différents semble être liée à certaines caractéristiques propres aux établissements scolaires et à des pratiques enseignantes. Vu les résultats présentés par les élèves des classes identifiées comme étant « efficaces » et « équitables », les caractéristiques (celles mises en évidence) des écoles organisant ces classes donnent à penser que celles-ci exercent un effet sur les acquisitions des élèves.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kounougous, Anicet. "L'armée dans le processus de démocratisation des systèmes politiques africains : le cas de la République du Congo-Brazzaville." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10010.
Full textCongo-Brazzaville, as with many African nations, stands at an historical crossroads; a tumultuous recent past, a present full of hope, and an uncertain future that must be build by the Congolese themselves. Four major periods characterize the history of the Congo : the period leading up to independence, the era of Marxism-Leninism, the years of attempted but failed democratization, and today' s period of rebuilding and national reconciliation. Today, the role of the army remains essential in rebuilding the Congo' s infrastructure and bringing reconciliation to its warring factions. The army must support the revaluing and reaccredidation of the praetorian institution for the civilian society and the political community. Therefore it doesn' t have to be neglected if the Congo wants to clear the way for democracy
Missié, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes bureaucratico-lignagers en Afrique : le cas du Congo : la gestion des cadres dans les entreprises d'Etat." Nancy 2, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc79/1986NAN21022.pdf.
Full textBelegoe, André Blaise. "Activités sportives et désintégration du système éducatif traditionnel en République Centrafricaine." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070011.
Full textMbama, Jean-Paul Bertrand. "Rôle de la coopération agricole sur les transformations sociales et personnelles : étude des systèmes d'activités d'une population paysanne du Congo." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20009.
Full textThe african society is going through a transition period from the autarky or semiautarky to the market economy. We compared 3 villages with different production styles : traditional, modern and cooperative (styles). If the production increases in the village which applies the modern style (of production) based on individualism, it is only at the cost of many perturbations : disorganization of the social order, accentuation of the income gap and of the ways of life differences. The cooperative system is a consequence of the traditional on which remains the driving force. It is an instrument of appropriation of innovation which favours the transition to other habits (or behaviours). The cooperative practices make the transition to a more productive agriculture easier and allow to reduce the perturbations which could hit the society and its members. The cooperative project indeed proposes an endogene development style which could be controlled by the local population, which could be impartial and based on new forms of solidarity. The coop acts as a regulator in a transformation period which offers to the peasants the possibility to adapt their activity to the socioeconomical changes, to take part in them and to control them through apprenticeship (technology, relation, projects. . . ). This regulation is possible insofar as the cooperation disposes of a negociation and influence power towards the social environment and the institutions
Mukanda-Bantu, Kalasa. "Systèmes de retraite et comportement de reproduction dans les pays en développement : cas de Kinshasa, Zaïre." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993IEPP0017.
Full textSub-Saharan countries still have high level of fertility while poverty concerns a large majority of the population. From econometric and microeconomic studies, it appears that retirement programmes have negative effects on fertility and poverty levels. This is partly due to their effect on fertility and partly because their main aim is to provide material resources to retired people. The main implication of this study is that workers with retirement plans would no longer be necessary for them to produce large number of children, to provide for their financial security in their old age. These modifications are subject to socio-cultural, economic and institutional conditions which prevail in society. Any change in behavior towards contraception will only take place when these factors themselves have been taken into consideration, finally allowing fertility rates to decline
Mounganga, Magloir-Désiré. "Les systèmes flèches-lagunes des littoraux gabonais et congolais : contribution à l'élaboration d'une base de données pour une gestion intégrée des milieux lagunaires." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES0001.
Full textMusinde, Sangwa Sylvain. "Parenté et patrimoine foncier chez les Bena Mambwe de la République démocratique du Congo : la réappropriation de la dépouille de l'épouse par son lignage." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070033.
Full textThis research which focuses on "Kinship and land at the Bena Mambwe of the Democratic Republic of Congo around th( rituals of reappropriation of the remains of the wife by his lineage" puts in the front the functional role of the lineage in this population. For this one, in fact, the lineage is seen as a nation in miniature. As such, it gives to all its members, both indissoluble nationality and citizenship. This is the originality of this doctoral research that brings out ail the value upon which are based the life and survival of this population. Hi other words, not perpetuating the practice of reclaiming and repatriation of the remains of a bride, in relation to her parents and the estate of her lineage is equivalent to the rejection and the denial of her tradition of secular several rimes and, therefore, the refusai to grain, ad mortem, an identity to the "ngazi" and thus a break with his vision of the world, that is, a misunderstanding of its traditional heritage. Has Marcel Mauss not advocated in his time, that social facts were total and global? It is thus for the Bena Mambwe, die kinship and land heritage as well as die rite of reappropriation and repatriation of precious remains of a bride who died outside his lineage. This is why the Mambwe argue that they are viewed as a whole in the functioning of its system and ail its subsystems, jealous that they are acquired from their ancestral past
Shin, Seon-Mee. "Rapports sociaux d'enseignement : le "Mode de Production de la Force de Travail (MPFT)" et les rapports sociaux d'enseignement : la gestion des flux scolaires dans les systèmes scolaires de Corée du sud et de France." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082082.
Full textIn order to understand the production of labour force through the school system, the thesis proposes the concept of "Mode of Production of the Labour Force (MPLF)" on the base of ALTHUSSER's theories. It is composed of the "forces of education" and the"social relations of education. " The thesis analyzes these relations within the context of deciding on the orientation of pupils in secondary schools, particularly as regards "high school structure reform" in Korea (1990-1995) and the implementation of the "80% policy" in France (1980-1992). We used statistics on education and labour, previous studies and official documents. The main focus of the analysis is the hierarchical order and the opposition between the different elements within social relations of education. The thesis analysed also the articulation of the different contradictions : contradiction within the social relations of education, contradiction of the forces of education, contradiction within the relations of production
Moukouba, Jean. "Transformation des systèmes agraires et conséquences alimentaires dans les pays du Niari en République populaire du Congo." Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA008.
Full textEkanga, Lokoka Lambert. "L'enseignement de l'histoire à l'école secondaire en République démocratique du Congo: intentions d'une Réforme et pratiques de terrain." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209779.
Full textMais, si le nouveau programme (de 2005) a «décolonisé» le contenu des matières, les pratiques de terrain semblent encore immuables !Qu’est ce qui peut expliquer cet immobilisme ?Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, cette thèse procède par une double démarche, théorique et empirique. La démarche théorique qui fait l’objet de la première partie, brosse la littérature sur notre problématique, donne un aperçu de l’histoire de l’enseignement et de l’enseignement de l’histoire en RDC, aborde le savoir conceptuel de l’enseignant d’histoire et les pratiques d’enseignement et enfin, traite de la motivation des élèves ainsi que du matériel didactique. Quant à la deuxième partie consacrée à la démarche empirique, elle est centrée sur l’approche méthodologique de la recherche, l’analyse et l’interprétation des résultats quantitatifs et qualitatifs.
L’analyse des réponses aux questions administrées auprès de notre échantillon, composé d’une part de 64 enseignants et, d’autre part, de 600 élèves ainsi que l’analyse des observations de 10 classes d’histoire et des interviews avec les enseignants des classes visitées ont permis d’appréhender l’application du nouveau programme et les autres réalités de terrain.
En somme, les résultats de cette étude montrent que les enseignants dispensant le cours d’histoire en 5e et 6e secondaires, utilisent, presque tous, les modes transmissifs et ignorent la pédagogie active ou les modes actifs proposés par le nouveau programme d’histoire ;ce qui ne motive pas, sans doute, les élèves à ce cours. Autrement dit, malgré leur haute qualification, leur longue expérience dans l’enseignement et le changement de contenu, ces enseignants d’histoire ne pratiquent pas la pédagogie active ou les modes actifs. On semble être donc loin de la « décolonisation », tant souhaitée, des pratiques en classe d’histoire en RDC.
Au regard de ce qui précède, nous pensons que pour mieux enseigner l’histoire, les enseignants congolais devraient avoir d’autres ambitions qu’une simple transmission des connaissances (savoirs) destinées à être simplement enregistrées et restituées par les élèves lors des interrogations et examens. Le rôle fondamental du cours d’histoire étant d’informer et de former, le souci constant qui devrait animer les enseignants est de susciter et de renouveler l’intérêt des élèves, de les aider à construire leurs savoirs, pour qu’ils deviennent des vrais acteurs de la société de demain. Car, nous estimons que la reconstruction d’un pays, comme la RDC, passe aussi par la reconstitution et la sauvegarde de la mémoire collective et du patrimoine culturel, tâches qui relèvent du domaine de l’enseignement de l’histoire.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Kachaka, Etienne Yusufu. "Effets de l’âge des jachères agroforestières à Acacia auriculiformis sur les sols, les rendements de culture et adoption par les agriculteurs du plateau des Batéké, en République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40082.
Full textAgroforestry improved fallow consists of planting trees after a series of crops in order to quickly restore soil fertility. This practice is encouraged because it would allow, among other things shorten the time of traditional fallows; improve soil fertility; and increase crop yields. In addition, the latter would have a good adoption potential because its practice is close to traditional fallow. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, a project dating back to the late 1990s enabled more than 300 farmers to practice agroforestry fallow of Acacia auriculiformis to improve the yield of cassava crops - the main food of this region. The aim of this thesis was to study the potential of agroforestry fallows with emphasis on certain aspects in connection with this practice, particularly those related to the effects that age of trees may have on soils. More specifically, the objectives were to: i) evaluate and compare the effects of A. auriculiformis agroforestry improved fallows with different class ages 1 to 3 years, 3 to 5 years, 5 to 7 years, as well as traditional fallows of 5 years on the soil fertility and carbon stocks; ii) evaluate and compare cassava yields and nutrient contents of cassava leaves and flours; and iii) identify the socio-economic factors linked to the continuity by farmers of this A. auriculiformis agroforestry improved fallow. The results of this study indicate that successive A. auriculiformis agroforestry improved fallows aged 1 to 7 years after the first harvesting of a 7-year old mature A. auriculiformis plantation, improve the soil physicochemical properties and soil carbon stocks compared to traditional 5-year traditional fallows. The effects of age on soil physico-chemical properties and carbon stocks were not significant. Cassava cultivation trials were conducted on 1 to 3, 3 to 5, and 5 to 7-year-old agroforestry fallow soils as well as on 5-year-old traditional fallow soils. After 11 months of cultivation, yields obtained on long agroforestry fallows (5 to 7 years) were higher than those of all other fallows in this study and these were also associated with high levels of potassium in the cassava leaves and flour. This study also made it possible, through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, to know the advantages and constraints perceived by farmers. Increased crop yield and the harvest of Acacia auriculiformis for charcoal production were cited as the most important benefits for farmers. The surveys also highlighted the fact that the availability of labor in terms of the number of household members working in the fields was the best explanatory variable for the continuity of the agroforestry fallow practice. In the end, A. auriculiformis agroforestry fallows, especially the ones between 5 and 7 yearold, can improve soil fertility and soil carbon stocks as well as cassava yields. It is also at this age class that trees can be harvested for charcoal making, which would meet farmers' expectations. Key words: agroforestry fallow, Acacia auriculiformis, soil physico-chemical properties, soil carbon, cassava yields, adoption, Batéké Plateau.
Ossété, Jacques. "Le livre scolaire au Congo des origines à 1985 : étude bibliométrique des livres destinés à l'enseignement primaire." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR30043.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of french; geography, history and reading school textbooks in use in the colonial and contemporary schools of the congo. It deals with several aspects : authors. Editors, distribution networks, bibliographical indexes; regulations and international aid. It also sets out the political and educational structures that may have influenced the life of the school textbook during the given periods. The methodology which has been used in this study is based on bibliometrics (or measurement of the writing and the book), and is made up of three reading school textbooks, two of which were published during the colonial period and the third, in 1976. The bibliometrical study deals with the contents of the texts, the illustrations and the material aspect of these school textbooks
Kohout-Diaz, Magdalena. "La violence scolaire en République Tchèque : Sikana ?" Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21360.
Full textThis research work demonstrates that school bullying among children is widespread in Czech elementary schools (šikana). A survey using a number of questionnaires on victimation was conducted among pupils, and among school teachers and head teachers, via semi guided interviews. These show that bullying is not epidemic. The general atmosphere appears to be positive, except with regards to the relations between pupils and teachers or other adults at school. The aggressive tension contained in this relation can be considered as the main characteristic of basic schools, according to the pupils. This is apparently due to a very selective system. Some pupils end up being pushed out of the school system as a result of this selection process with the aid of medical and moral interpretation of their behaviour. On the contrary, the “wild”, uncontrolled liberalisation of school favours its use
Lohata, Tambwe. "L'idéologie démocratique au Zaïre : contribution à l'étude des systèmes politiques africains." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIE0004.
Full textSupport of offical ideology in Zaire (and also in Africa), the discourse of authenticity follows necessary social functions to the construction of the State-nation. Taking into account the "plurality" of nature of social structures in Zaire ; the does not dispose of the monopoly of allegiance nor that of legitimate physical violence : this and the fragility of political consensus gives rise to difficult unitarian state ; where the importance is apparently placed an ideology an culture. The cultural primate, ancestral or national, expressed the authenticity which also refers to eastern pressiure, relative to the multiportism institution : it is a resistance strategy which still expresses itself through use of the theme of democraty. On the other hand, isnpite of the passionate nature of the themes -unity, order, autority- vehicules, also inspite of the taking over of "production" and the progagation of authenticity by "neutral-areas" and state civil-servants. The discourse has been realed to be non-efficient. The massive reference to repressive state violence is moreover sign and factor of inefficiency. This feeds mobutist authoritarianism. It's a question of un edited authoritarianism : it is an invention of african leaders due to neo-patrimonial domination using at the same time civil and repressive administration, the central and peripheral supportes, the discourse and violence etc. . . This complexity parthy explains the longetivity ohf the authentic regime, which is going to evolve from april 1990 on words, thanks to extra-mobutist factors
Mohammadi, Iran. "Le rôle de l'école dans la recomposition de l'identité des jeunes kurdes dans la République Islamique d'Iran." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0011.
Full textIdentity-building among Iranian Kurds has to deal with two major contextual factors: the particular ideology put forward by the Islamic Republic and their status as a minority. Talking of teenagers, the institution School takes a crucial part. Basing on extensive field study, three aspects characterize the influence of school on adolescent Iranian Kurds' identity:1. Reinforce the adolescent's autonomy of his family and traditional local culture;2. Install religion as one important dimension of social existence, which explains the necessity of a religious identity;3. Reinforce also the perception of an independent minority character, despite the official mono-cultural model denying precisely ethnic particularity. It is this latter dimension that gives rise to the conflict between central government and minority. The young Kurd is required to make his choice, which may be one of the three: assimilation, co-existence of the two cultures or affirmation of his ethnic difference
Moussavou, Ghislain. "Apport de la télédétection et des systèmes d'information géographique dans l'étude des conditions environnementales liées à l'apparition des épidémies de fièvre Ebola au Gabon et au Congo." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0386.
Full textThe Ebola hemorrhagic viral fever is an emerging infectious disease that occurs in the form of rapid outbreaks. Since its first event in 1976, several studies have given rises to various speculations about the nature of its natural reservoir of the virus, which has recently been linked to three species of fruit bats: Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata. However, although the reservoir seems now to be known, the infection transmission chain and the natural conditions of the epidemics emergence remain none elucidated. In addition, until now, we do not have a vaccine against the Ebola virus although considerable progresses have been accomplished in this way by researchers. Between 1994 and 2005, eight Ebola epidemics occurred in Gabon and Congo. Three main observations permitted us to consider that the Ebola fever is a phenomenon linked to environmental conditions : the virus caused epidemics in the same region “Northeastern of Gabon - West basin of Congo”; the epidemics showed a certain seasonality pattern, since it often occurred during the dry to rainy season transition period ; human epidemics occurred simultaneously or after great mortalities affected populations of gorillas and chimpanzees. Even though an effective treatment or a vaccine would be available in a very close future, prediction, prevention and rapid control of epidemics would remain a major priority in public health. With this in mind, a study was considered about the possible interactions between “the environmental conditions” and “the epidemics emergence”, using a geographical approach with remote sensing and GIS tools. This work has consisted on studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of environmental parameters, as for example, topography, hydrology, vegetation, and so on, in the epidemics area. This study has two main objectives: to characterize the natural environment of the epidemics area and to identify environmental indicators that may be linked to the ecological processes leading to the epidemics. It was shown that the epidemics region has generally a flat topography and it is located in high and pluvial lands, presenting a dense hydrographic network. This results on a very wet environment marked by dense vegetation with specific flora. The ecosystem is therefore subservient to high humidity conditions. In this context, the "environment humidity" is then playing a central role in the ecosystem functioning. This role consists on modulating crucial interactions between humans, forest and animals, which constitute the essential basis of the exchanges involved in the natural virus life cycle. We therefore conclude that "environment humidity" is a propriety closely linked to ecological processes that are at the origin of Ebola fever outbreaks in Gabon and Congo. Finally, the results of this study offer positive perspectives on the use of satellite imagery in determining a threshold of risk of epidemics. The temporal evolution of moisture in environment can be followed, firstly, through changes in the vegetation index NDVI and, secondly, through changes in the radar backscattering. Any value exceeding the critical threshold defined would constitute a warning signal from which the health authorities of the concerned countries could implement awareness and prevention actions
Han, Isabelle. "L' enseignement des langues étrangères en classe de collège en République Populaire de Chine : du "maître" au "maître - d'oeuvre" : regards et réalités d'enseignants à Chengdu." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0013.
Full textDespite a long tradition in education, the People's Republic of China has only recently shown interest in developing its citizens' abilities. In this perspective, it has long been accepted that school had to play the major role. To that effect, a New Curriculum was published in 2001. In a country like China, where book learning and competitive exams have been the tradition for centuries, the new curricular demands aiming at improving the learner's communicative abilities can be a real problem. In secondary schools, it means a new kind of teacher who becomes both a guide and a conductor, working at developing the learn's oral abilities. In this study, we shall deal first with the social and historical context leading to the New Curriculum, and then present a detailed analysis of its implementation through the views of 24 Chinese English teachers in secondary schools in Chengdu, trying to understand how they feel about it and how they deal with it on a daily basis. What they actually say and do will lead us to the conclusion that the typical Chinese English teacher is in favorable to the reform and tries his best to make it work in the classroom. The study of the interactions between teacher is in favorable to the reform and tries in best to make it work in the classroom. The study of the interactions between teacher and learner in the English class shows that some outstanding changes are taking place, despite the perpetuation of some traditional methods. As a conclusion, we will question the relevance of the New Curriculum and wonder if eclectic teaching methods would not be more adapted to the Chinese environment
Joncheray, Mathilde. "Vivre la guerre, construire la paix : Conflits et recompositions territoriales post-conflit en République du Congo (Pays du Niari)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3104.
Full textWars are major factors in territorial reorganisation. The territories of the “Pays du Niari”, region created by politicians, have a particular/specific place in the history of conflicts in Congo and the former influences their reconstruction. After 10 years of war, the region finds it difficult to recover, and finds itself in the middle of socio-economic, political and identity issues at different levels.This thesis studies, on the one hand, the conflicts leading to a methodical history-geography change of a region and populations put aside by national and international decision makers. It studies, on the other hand, how the different actors make theirs the notion of the post conflict and the territorial repercussions of the actions undertaken. This finally leads us to put forward the hiatus between reconstruction actions and the needs of the populations and the territories, clearly visible through the fragmented territories and timeframes
Monnier, Damien. "Dynamique de mise en place des réseaux d'intrusions sableuses dans les bassins sédimentaires : impact sur l'évolution post-dépôt des réservoirs et le réseau de migration associé." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20006.
Full textSand intrusions (or injectites) are most often the product of post-depositional remobilization of sand leading to its injection into the surrounding rocks. While injectites were recognized for the first time nearly 200 years ago, their emplacement process has been studied for a couple of decades only, since the concepts of deep sea depositional environments have allowed us to better understand their emplacement processes. However, these processes are still relatively poorly understood. Our approach is based on the study of injectites in the Lower Congo Basin from seismic and well data, which we compare to a fossil system in the SE France basin. We have shown that:(1) In buried turbidite channel systems draping deposits on the channel flanks and terraces of channels have the same geophysical signature as ‘wing-like' injectites. Finally, the only criterion for identifying seismic injectites is the presence of bedding-discordant seismic reflections, and in the best case the associated uplift of the overlying seismic reflectors.(2) Seismic-scale conical and saucer-shaped sand injectites have been identified in the Lower Congo Basin. The remobilization is likely due to overpressuring induced by the buoyancy effect of hydrocarbons trapped in the margins of a lobe buried underneath 160 m of sediment, followed by the sudden injection of fluidized sand associated with fault reactivation of faults (with a possible role of nearby salt diapirs).(3) A network of injectites (dykes, sills/wings and laccoliths) was formed in the Vocontian basin during the late Albian and/or early Cenomanian, from a lower-middle Albian turbidite channel. The emplacement is probably due to the early compartmentalization of the channel during its burial and the increase of the sedimentation rate generating overpressure; and the subsequent large influx of deep fluids triggering injection. The injection of sand was polyphased: a first episode formed the sills and another emplaced the dykes. Sills/wings and dykes propagated about 2 km laterally away from the parent sand body and about 200 m up to the surface, revealing a much more extended lateral than vertical reach, contrary to the classically accepted idea from the interpretation of seismic data.(4) The emplacement of this large network of injectites was governed by hydrofracturing. Therefore, its morphology is dependent on the host rock heterogeneity (isotropy, fractures), the paleo-stress orientation (σ3 = NW-SE) and the burial depth of the source (300-600 m) at the time of injection. The study of this fossil network allows us to define the relationship between morphology of the injected network and stress state at the time of injection. This relationship can be extrapolated to constrain the morphology of subsurface networks beyond seismic visibility.(5) Sands injected into low permeability lithologies bear evidence to a major event of fluid escape in the studied basin, but also channeled fluids long after their formation. In this way, injectites both attest to specific episodes of fluid migration in sedimentary basins and contribute to long-lived re-routing of migrating fluids once emplaced.The injection of sand is associated with the sudden escape of fluids, probably resulting from a significant tectonic and/or sedimentary event; in addition, the architecture of injectite networks is governed by the local paleo-stress and heterogeneity in the host rock. Consequently, characterizing injectite networks is an important step in understanding the plumbing systems of continental margins, i.e. the post-depositional evolution of sedimentary basins
Mukepe, Kahilu Moise. "Identification and control of wet grinding processes: application to the Kolwezi concentrator." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209562.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on an industrial application, namely the Kolwezi concentrator (KZC) double closed-loop wet grinding circuit. As any industrial wet grinding process, this process offers complex and challenging control problems due to its configuration and to the requirements on the product characteristics. In particular, we are interested in the modelling of the process and in proposing a control strategy to maximize the product flow rate while meeting requirements on the product fineness and density.
A mathematical model of each component of the circuit is derived. Globally, the KZC grinding process is described by a dynamic nonlinear distributed parameter model. Within this model, we propose a mathematical description to exhibit the increase of the breakage efficiency in wet operating condition. In addition, a relationship is proposed to link the convection velocity to the feed ore rate for material transport within the mills.
All the individual models are identified from measurements taken under normal process operation or from data obtained through new specific experiments, notably using the G41 foaming as a tracer to determine material transport dynamics within the mills. This technique provides satisfactory results compared to previous studies.
Based on the modelling and the circuit configuration, both steady-state and dynamic simulators are developed. The simulation results are found to be in agreement with the experimental data. These simulation tools should allow operator training and they are used to analyse the system and to design the suitable control strategy.
As the KZC wet grinding process is a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) system, we propose a decentralized control scheme for its simplicity of implementation. To overcome all the control issues, a Double Internal Model Control (DIMC) scheme is proposed. This strategy is a feedforward-feedback structure based on the use of both a modified Disturbance Observer (DOB) and a Proportional-Integral Smith-Predictor (PI-SP). A duality between the DOB and PI-SP is demonstrated in design method. The latter is exploited to significantly simplify the design procedure. The designed decentralized controllers are validated in simulation on the process linearized model. A progressive implementation of the control strategy is proposed in the context of the KZC grinding circuit where instrumentation might not be obvious to acquire./
Améliorer les techniques de traitement de minerais est un défi permanent dans l'industrie des minéraux et des métaux. En effet, pour satisfaire aux exigences du produit fini (métal ) fixées par le marché de consommation, la commande automatique est souvent appliquée à l'usine du traitement de minerais dont le produit, le concentré, constitue la matière première de la métallurgie extractive. Une attention particulière est donc dévolue aux unités de traitement de minerais et en particulier aux concentrateurs. Comme le processus de réduction des dimensions granulométriques du minerai est l'étape critique d'un concentrateur, il s'avère que la commande d'un circuit de broyage est cruciale, car ce stade représente près de 50 % des dépenses totales de l' usine de concentration. De plus, la dimension granulométrique du produit de l'étape de broyage influe sur le taux de récupération des minéraux utiles ainsi que sur le volume des rejets du processus ultérieur.
La présente thèse porte sur une application industrielle, à savoir le concentrateur de Kolwezi (KZC qui est un circuit de broyage humide à double boucle fermée. Comme tout processus industriel de broyage humide, ce procédé présente une problématique de commande complexe et difficile en raison de sa configuration et des exigences relatives aux caractéristiques du produit. En particulier, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation de ce procédé et à proposer une stratégie adéquate de commande dans le but de maximiser le débit de production tout en respectant les exigences quant à la finesse et à la densité de la pulpe produite.
Un modèle mathématique de chaque composant du circuit a été déterminé. Globalement, le processus de broyage de KZC est décrit par un modèle dynamique non linéaire à paramètres distribués. Dans ce modèle, une description mathématique de l'augmentation de l'efficacité du broyage en milieu humide est proposée. En outre, nous avons proposé une relation liant la vitesse de convection au débit d'alimentation de minerais dans le modèle du transport de la matière à l'intérieur des broyeurs.
Tous les modèles mathématiques ont été identifiés à partir de mesures prises sur le procédé en fonctionnement d'équilibre stable ou à partir des données obtenues grâce à des nouvelles expériences spécifiques, notamment en utilisant le moussant G41 comme traceur pour déterminer la dynamique de transport de la matière dans les broyeurs. Cette technique a produit des résultats cohérents par rapport aux études antérieurs réalisées au moyen du traceur colorant ou radioactif.
Les simulateurs statique et dynamique ont été développés sur la base de la modélisation mathématique et de la configuration du circuit. Les résultats des simulations sont en accord avec les données expérimentales. Ces outils de simulation devraient permettre la formation des opérateurs et ont été utilisés pour analyser le système et concevoir la stratégie de commande la plus appropriée.
Comme le processus de broyage humide de KZC est un système à plusieurs grandeurs d'entrée et plusieurs grandeurs de sortie, nous avons proposé une structure de commande décentralisée en raison de sa simplicité de mise en œuvre .Afin de surmonter tous les problèmes de commande, un schéma de commande à double modèle interne (CDMI) est proposée. Cette stratégie est une structure à anticipation - rétroaction basée sur l'utilisation d'un observateur de perturbations (OBP) et d'un Prédicteur de Smith doté d'un régulateur Proportionnel-Intégral (PS-PI). Une dualité entre l'OBP et le PS-PI est démontrée dans la méthode de conception. Cette propriété est exploitée pour simplifier considérablement la procédure de conception. Les régulateurs décentralisés ainsi conçus sont validés en simulation sur le modèle linéarisé du procédé. Une mise en œuvre progressive de la stratégie de commande est proposée dans le contexte du circuit de broyage de KZC où l'instrumentation peut ne pas être évidente à acquérir.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished