Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Systèmes d'information géographique – Liban'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Systèmes d'information géographique – Liban.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
El, Meouche Rani. "Gestion des coordonnées dans les systèmes d'information géographique : développement d'un outil de conversion : application au Liban." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0356.
Full textThe identification of coordinate reference systems as well as the knowledge of the transformation algorithms available on the various GIS and Cartography software constitute the necessary condition to localised data handling. However GIS software lacks thoroughness and accuracy in processing reference and coordinates systems. The survey led to the development of an interactive educational tool aimed at non specialist users in the field of geodesy and coordinates. Its function is to process raster and vector data. Its man/machine interface guides users in their choice. An approach to the case of Lebanon is presented to complement this work. It was confronted to the problems of transfer to the new system implemented through the use of a GPS system. Different possibilities of transfer from old to new systems are presented along with the calculated transformation grid
Shaban, Amin. "Etude de l'hydrogéologie du Liban occidental : utilisation de la télédétection." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12722.
Full textThe occidental part of Lebanon is an interesting region for studying water resources because it includes all elements of the water cycle. In order to make a compregensive assessment of water resources in such a large area (around 5000 km2), conventional methods alone woukd not be enough. However, the use of remote sensing together w ith those methods would be appreciated. This study treats water resources through delineating the whole water cycle. In this concer, remote sensing technique is used as a supplementary tool for data generation and extraction whenever applicable. In addition to the known methods of study including field survey, map interpretation, and water analysis and measurements, a variety of satellite images, with different resolutions, optical characteristics and of different time intervals are used; Thn, the extracted data from remote sensing and the phydical data are manipulated together int he Geographic Information System (GIS). Thus, a number of thematic maps, with detailed description and explanation is produced
Puyo, Béatrice. "La Géographie de la santé au Liban : espaces, enjeux territoriaux, inégalités." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR1502/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the geography of health, thematic poorly studied in Geography. The geography of health captures the health disparities, behavior of populations and the social, economic and political issues that underlie it. In Lebanon, the scarcity and spatial concentration of health facilities, the large appeal for Beirut, the magnitude of needs, the juxtaposition of several health care systems, the religious dimension, are all factors that contribute to establish logical and complex strategies. Our assumptions are based on the close link between health geography and geography of power. The various players compete for the health and it is question of territoriality: the spaces are appropriated by a group of actors, and hierarchical, stratified and fragmented. The complexity of actors, their various strategies of appropriation, their logical space are that Lebanon is fragmented into several territories, often political or religious, each with specific logical internal functioning. The challenges of defending territories create or exacerbate the socio-spatial inequalities of health, health covers a geopolitical dimension.Quantitative methods and qualitative approaches were combined to achieve a Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial distribution of health facilities
Esta investigación se apoya en la geografía de la salud en el Líbano, temática poco estudiada en geografía. La geografía de la salud permite aprehender las disparidades sanitarias, los comportamientos de poblaciones y las puestas sociales, económicas y políticas que los subtienden. En Líbano, la rareza y la concentración espaciales los establecimientos sanitarios, el atractivo cada vez mayor para con Beirut, la amplitud de las necesidades, la yuxtaposición de varios sistemas de cuidados, la dimensión confesional, son tantos factores que concurren a establecer lógicas y estrategias complejas. Nuestras hipótesis se basan en el lazo estrecho entre la geografía de la salud y la geografía del poder. Los diversos actores rivalizan por el espacio de la salud y es pues cuestión de territorializacion: los espacios son adaptados por un grupo de actores, que luego son jerarquizados, estratificados y fragmentados. La complejidad de los actores, sus estrategias diversas de apropiación, sus lógicas espaciales hacen que el Líbano esté fragmentado en varios territorios, a menudo políticos o confesionales, teniendo cada uno sus lógicas específicas de funcionamiento interno. Las apuestas por la defensa de los territorios crean o agravan las desigualdades socioespaciales de la salud; la salud recubre una dimensión geopolítica. Métodos cuantitativos y los enfoques cualitativos han sido combinados, con el fin de acabar en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) de la repartición espacial de los equipos sanitarios
Seif, Assaad. "Les dynamiques spatiales et la céramique du couloir syro-palestinien du Néolithique à l'Âge du Bronze Moyen : la cas du 'Akkār." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010516.
Full textFusco, Johanna. "Analyse des dynamiques spatio-temporelles des systèmes de peuplement dans un contexte d'incertitude : Application à l'archéologie spatiale." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2008/document.
Full textThe uncertainty inherent to our comprehension of past settlement systems, generated by our ways of collecting or recording data but also by our spatio-temporal categorisation and reflexion on this information, greatly condition hypotheses and results. This thesis was carried out in the framework of PaleoSyr/PaleoLib project, and develops a methodological and exploratory reasoning chain whose aim is to reveal and formalise with spatial analysis several levels of knowledge and uncertainty which are inherent to archaeological databases. It proposes alternatives to try and avoid the conditioning imposed by rigid spatio-temporal categories such as periods or survey zones. It is organised in two major axes : the first one intends to clarify and synthetize several levels of information which are inherent to a big database covering Occidental Syria and Lebanon from -9600 B.C to the present, by adapting decision making and spatio-morphological methods, and through geovisualisation processes in an exploratory dimension. The second axis explores and evaluates locally the impacts of the various spatio-temporal and uncertainty levels revealed by data with geostatistics and spatial statistics on our perception of spatio-temporal change, on a test zone situated at the North-West of Syria. Several models of the “possible pasts” of settlement with the help of fuzzy logic are then proposed, depending on the various spatio-temporal and uncertainty levels taken into account
Pico, Laurence. "Géographie et assurance : le risque sismique dans les espaces urbains mal documentés : le cas de Beyrouth." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040167.
Full textBeirut’s highly vulnerable urban fabric is threatened by a big earthquake. Faced with such a situation, insurers need to assess precisely the vulnerability of insured properties. A loss estimation model evaluates insured properties damage, which is an indicator of analytical and synthetical vulnerabilities of the city. The most original feature of our model that is adapted to the specifics of the Beirut’s context is to use the spectral acceleration converted into intensity. For that purpose, a computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites is utilized. One preliminary step to conduct this analysis was the gathering of geotechnical and building data. Results of our loss model show that some highly vulnerable buildings are almost uninsurable. Damage risk maps are intended to be a useful resource to fix the building that need seismic rehabilitation in priority as reducing vulnerability is required to rationalize the insurance risk management
Saba, Marianne. "Développement et élaboration de méthodes de traitement de données de terrain et de modèles hydrodynamiques et hydrodispersifs dans une optique de développement durable en matière de gestion de l’eau au Nord du Liban." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10055/document.
Full textThe increasing population in Tripoli and its surrounding has placed an increase in the demand of groundwater and the random drilling of wells. This situation has resulted in a higher demand of groundwater and thus endangered the Miocene aquifer that will cause problems unless serious steps for the management of water resources are implemented. These steps should include defining stringent characterization of the properties of the aquifer in order to properly manage the quality & quantity of pumped water.Our aim in this study is to analyze the hydrochemical, hydro physical quality,& water level of groundwater in the Miocene aquifer in the North of Lebanon. The results have shown that the dominant type of groundwater in the area is highly chlorinated with sulfated calcium and magnesium with heavily charged Nitrate & Nitrite. The spatial distribution of the physiochemical parameters obey an increasing pattern westwards towards the Mediterranean Sea. During the last decades, illegal groundwater pumping mainly for domestic and agricultural use has caused groundwater quality degradation due to saline water intrusion from western areas .In order to study the origin and the hydrochemical aspect of groundwater, Phreeq C & Diagram software helped us determine the properties ;as for the water level Aquitest software was used.GIS ,Surfer & Visual Modflow softwares were used to generate maps locating the spatial distribution of all parameters & most importantly the modeling of the potentiometric map of the North. The end result was the determination of anthropogenic & naturogenic sources of water pollution in the North of Lebanon & the formation of the piezometric map of the region
Der, Sarkissian Rita. "L'utilisation de l'information géospatiale comme outil d'aide à la réduction des risques de catastrophe ; Etudes de cas du gouvernorat de Baalbek-Hermel/Liban." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE1165/document.
Full textGiven that natural disasters are spatial phenomenon, the application of geographical information systems (GIS) has proven to be a convenient and reliable tool for the Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) process. GIS can serve DRR as a database for data gathering, integration and incorporation,an output viewer, a tool for hazard maps production, a calculator for exposure, a model builderfor determining assets’ vulnerabilities, a near real time crisis tracker, etc… Nevertheless, GIS applications have been integrated unevenly across the different phases of the DRR cycle.Moreover, the effective use of these technologies requires further research and development,especially in developing countries where numerous barriers hamper the use of GIS for civil protection. The task is further complicated at the local level in rural areas such as our study area Baalbek‐Hermel, Governorate of Lebanon. Restrictions include limited human and financial resources and a lack of critical spatial data required to support GIS application to DRR. To what extent could GIS be efficient in DRR actions in a developing country like Lebanon where themajority of assets at risk is ever‐growing and the government has other urgent priorities than tocommit to DRR plans? Several case‐studies in Baalbek‐Hermel were taken to test these assumptions and discuss the adaptation of GIS techniques to make them effective and to be able to serve the whole DRR cycle; hazard, vulnerability, risk and damage assessment, emergency and evacuation planning, land‐use zoning, recovery and resilience building. Challenges in the deployment of GIS technologies in each afore mentioned phase of the DRR cycle and how they may be overcome were discussed, considering indigenous approaches for the application of technologies and innovations in DRR. The results of this dissertation suggested ways to control some of the barriers hampering the effective use of GIS for DRR in developing countries. Thus,DRR practitioners in Lebanon and other developing countries could harness this potential in anattempt to reduce hazard vulnerability and improve disaster reduction capacity
Augarde, Emmanuel. "Systèmes d'information géographique : limites et évolutions." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100049.
Full textEl, Hage Hassan Hussein. "Les apports d'un S.I.G. dans la connaissance des évolutions de l'occupation du sol et de la limitation du risque érosif dans la plaine de la Bekaa (Liban) : exemple d'un secteur du Bekaa el Gharbi." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647147.
Full textAbdallah, Chadi. "Application de la télédétection et des systèmes d'informations géographiques à l'etude des mouvements de terrain au Liban." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800759.
Full textLassoued, Yassine. "Médiation de qualité dans les systèmes d'information géographique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11027.
Full textTellez, Bruno. "Méthodologie pour une structuration commune des photos aériennes et des plans cadastraux : application a la révision des bases de données urbaines." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0085.
Full textIn the geographic field as well as other domains such as medicine, documentation or finances, information evolves in time and sometimes in space. It is thus essential to be able to integrate new data coming from multiple and various sources (for example, satellite images or surveyed measures for geographical systems, radiographs or results of analyses for medical information systems, etc. . . ). If this diversity of information is beneficial to ensure the timelessness and richness of the data; it implies problems for acquisition, integration and thus of structuring of multi-source data. We propose a methodology which allows the integration of raster and vector data by the construction of a common structure called "structural map". This structural map is built by successive aggregations based on a Delaunay triangulation. By this way, representation space could be fully described. The structuring of the data is hierarchical. The tree structure allows in particular this propagation of topology and preserves the links with the data sources. The developed methodology was applied to the integration of cadastral data in vector format, and colour aerial photograph in raster format in order to allow their comparison for regular updating
Turkucu, Aysegul, and Aysegul Turkucu. "Development of a conceptual framework for the analysis and the classification of "Public Participation GIS"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20038.
Full textDans le contexte actuel de démocratisation des technologies et des méthodes géomatiques, les expériences du type « Public Participation GIS » - PPGIS se multiplient. Le concept de PPGIS est, par essence-même, interdisciplinaire et multiforme. Il s’apparente, d’une certaine façon, à un déclinaison spécifique des SIG, vus comme des systèmes d’information (données, matériels, logiciels, méthodes et composantes humaines), incluant la dimension de la participation publique. De fait, les PPGIS ne se limitent pas aux simples outils logiciels. L’objectif principal d’un PPGIS consiste à accentuer/supporter l'implication des citoyens dans les processus de prise de décisions territoriaux, et à améliorer l'accès aux outils, aux données ainsi qu’à l'information (Steinmann et. al. 2004). Les applications des PPGIS revêtent des formes très variées, selon le contexte économique, l’organisation sociale et politique, la culture, mais également en fonction des problématiques traitées et des méthodologies développées (Joliveau 2006). Les exemples mettent en évidence qu’en pratique, la dimension ‘participation publique’ des PPGIS renvoie à des réalités différentes. La construction du domaine des PPGISciences (Sieber 2004) est basée sur la convergence de concepts sociaux, culturels, éthiques et environnementaux avec les technologies de l’information et à la géomatique. Ce développement engendre des questions épistémologiques complexes, dans la mesure ou chaque discipline impliquée pose évidemment un regard différencié sur les PPGIS. Par conséquent, le concept même de PPGIS est ambigu. Il n'existe pas de consensus sur ses éléments caractéristiques. Ce constat pose problème, tant sur le plan scientifique que sur le plan pratique, dans la mesure où il rend difficile, non seulement la formalisation de méthodes de développement adaptées aux PPGIS ; mais aussi le développement de critères d'évaluation de succès et d'échec (Craig et al. 1999). La communauté scientifique des PPGIS considère d’ailleurs que pour comprendre la réalité sur laquelle les chercheurs doivent appuyer leurs travaux, la formalisation consensuelle d’une définition claire et précise du concept de PPGIS s’impose. Les spécialistes affirment que l’une des priorités actuelles est la conception d’un cadre théorique basé en particulier sur une typologie des PPGIS (Tulloch 2003, Steinmann et al. 2004). Malgré les quelques recherches déjà réalisées, seules quelques typologies partielles ont été développées, et le concept demeure flou. L’objectif principal de cette recherche consiste à concevoir une typologie plus globale à partir d’une analyse en profondeur des concepts sous-jacents. Sur le plan plus pratique, cette recherche vise à concevoir et à développer un observatoire web des expériences PPGIS (ce dernier étant à la fois une composante de l’objectif et un moyen de l’atteindre). La méthodologie est basée sur la construction d’un cadre théorique (analyse de la littérature et des typologies existantes) et une analyse empirique (étude d’une série d’expériences de PPGIS). La méthodologie est complétée par une enquête sur les forums web spécialisés, de manière à solliciter la communauté du domaine et à valider nos résultats. Cette recherche a ainsi permis de construire une typologie des PPGIS, plus globale, complémentaire de celles déjà existantes. Se faisant notre travail permet d’améliorer la compréhension de ce domaine en émergence et apporte des éléments formels permettant de mieux le caractériser.
In the current context of democratization of technologies and methods of geomatics, “Public Participation GIS” practices - PPGIS multiply. The concept of PPGIS is, by its nature, interdisciplinary and multiform. It is connected, in a certain manner, to a specific variation of the GIS, understood as information systems (data, hardware, software, methods and human factor), including the dimension of public participation. Essentially, PPGIS are not limited to simple software tools. The principal objective of a PPGIS consists of accentuating/supporting the implication of the citizens in the territorial decision making processes, and to improve the access to tools, data, and information (Steinmann et al. 2004). Applications for PPGIS take a variety of forms depending on the economic context, the social and political organization, the culture, but also regarding to the treated problems and developed methodologies (Joliveau 2006). Examples underline that, in practice, dimension of “public participation” in PPGIS echoes different realities. The creation of the field (Sieber 2004) is based on the convergence of social concepts as well as cultural, ethical and environmental concepts associated with information technologies (IT) and Geomatics. This development generates complex epistemological questions, in a measure where each implied discipline obviously poses a different view on PPGIS. Consequently, the concept of PPGIS is ambiguous. There is no consensus on its characteristic elements. This circumstance causes some problems, both on the scientific and practical levels. It makes difficult, not having the standardization of methods of development adapted to the PPGIS; but also the development of evaluation criterions of success and failure (Craig and al 1999). Besides, the scientific community associated with PPGIS considers that in order to understand reality that the researchers must rely on their works, the agreed formalization of a clear and precise definition of the concept of PPGIS is inevitable. Specialists affirm that one of the current priorities is to design a theoretical framework particularly based on a typology of PPGIS (Tulloch 2003, Steinmann et al. 2004). In spite of some research work already carried out, only a few limited typologies were developed, and the concept remains unclear. The principal objective of this research consists of conceiving a more global typology starting from an in-depth analysis of the subjacent concepts. From a practical level, this research aims at designing and developing a web-based observatory of PPGIS experiments (this one is a component of our objective and at the same time a means of reaching it). Our methodology is based on the construction of a theoretical framework (literature review and an analysis of existing typologies) and an empirical analysis (study of a series of PPGIS experiments). Methodology is effectuated by an investigation into the specialized Web forums, so as to solicit the community of the field and to validate our results. This research thus made it possible to build a typology of the PPGIS, as a hole, complementary to those already existing. Doing this work improves understanding of this field in its infancy and elicits formal elements for better characterization of PPGIS.
In the current context of democratization of technologies and methods of geomatics, “Public Participation GIS” practices - PPGIS multiply. The concept of PPGIS is, by its nature, interdisciplinary and multiform. It is connected, in a certain manner, to a specific variation of the GIS, understood as information systems (data, hardware, software, methods and human factor), including the dimension of public participation. Essentially, PPGIS are not limited to simple software tools. The principal objective of a PPGIS consists of accentuating/supporting the implication of the citizens in the territorial decision making processes, and to improve the access to tools, data, and information (Steinmann et al. 2004). Applications for PPGIS take a variety of forms depending on the economic context, the social and political organization, the culture, but also regarding to the treated problems and developed methodologies (Joliveau 2006). Examples underline that, in practice, dimension of “public participation” in PPGIS echoes different realities. The creation of the field (Sieber 2004) is based on the convergence of social concepts as well as cultural, ethical and environmental concepts associated with information technologies (IT) and Geomatics. This development generates complex epistemological questions, in a measure where each implied discipline obviously poses a different view on PPGIS. Consequently, the concept of PPGIS is ambiguous. There is no consensus on its characteristic elements. This circumstance causes some problems, both on the scientific and practical levels. It makes difficult, not having the standardization of methods of development adapted to the PPGIS; but also the development of evaluation criterions of success and failure (Craig and al 1999). Besides, the scientific community associated with PPGIS considers that in order to understand reality that the researchers must rely on their works, the agreed formalization of a clear and precise definition of the concept of PPGIS is inevitable. Specialists affirm that one of the current priorities is to design a theoretical framework particularly based on a typology of PPGIS (Tulloch 2003, Steinmann et al. 2004). In spite of some research work already carried out, only a few limited typologies were developed, and the concept remains unclear. The principal objective of this research consists of conceiving a more global typology starting from an in-depth analysis of the subjacent concepts. From a practical level, this research aims at designing and developing a web-based observatory of PPGIS experiments (this one is a component of our objective and at the same time a means of reaching it). Our methodology is based on the construction of a theoretical framework (literature review and an analysis of existing typologies) and an empirical analysis (study of a series of PPGIS experiments). Methodology is effectuated by an investigation into the specialized Web forums, so as to solicit the community of the field and to validate our results. This research thus made it possible to build a typology of the PPGIS, as a hole, complementary to those already existing. Doing this work improves understanding of this field in its infancy and elicits formal elements for better characterization of PPGIS.
Badard, Thierry. "Propagation des mises à jour dans les bases de données géographiques multi-représentations par analyse des changements géographiques." Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0141.
Full textTufféry, Christophe. "Des SIG pour quoi faire ? : le cas de BRL (gestion, études, partenariat)." Avignon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AVIG1004.
Full textAn analysis of BRLs' ten years experience in automated mapping is proposed : its insertion in the history of the company; the evolution of its competences and the new definition of its strategy and commercial position in the Languedoc-Roussillon region and abroad. Explicit and implicit requests in geographical information are then analysed in order to define functionalities of a GIS to be built into BRLs' program. This project is divided in applications three of which, considered as essential, are described and their results are presented in a critical way. They concerne BRLs' competences in management and engineering for irrigated perimeters and water resources. Finally, setting up a regional GIS in Languedoc-Roussillon constitutes a unique opportunity to develop, around and thanks to geographical information, some partnerships. These are the only ones able to prove the feasability of gis projects concerning the whole region, which is the referential territory for brl in a large number of its interventions
Del, Fatto Vincenzo. "Visual summaries of geographic databases by chorems." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0030/these.pdf.
Full textTraditional cartography is a fundamental tool to visually describe facts and relationships concerning with territory. This is a well-known and well-established approach and decision makers are usually satisfied by its expressiveness when it concerns the cartography of facts. Differently, this kind of cartography may fail when dealing with scenarios referring to heterogeneous issues, such as political, economic and demographic problems, due to the large amount of complex data to represent in a map. Then, more effective solutions in supporting users to locate facts, trends and new patterns should be investigated. In this dissertation the research carried out within an international project is presented, meant to define cartographic solutions able to better represent geographic information extracted from database contents, which refer both to geographic objects and spatio-temporal phenomena. An actual support for human activity to model and analyze the reality of interest may indeed consist of an immediate synthesis of the most relevant data, disregarding details. Such a synthesis may be based on the usage of visual metaphors, which are able to capture and restitute the most salient features of a scenario. Moreover, it may represent the starting point for further processing tasks aimed to derive spatial analysis data, and to support expert users in decision making, thus bridging the gap between the complexity of the adopted applications and the need for rapid and exhaustive responses expected by domain experts. The major contribution of this work along this line has been to define a methodology to visualize geographic database summaries, expressing them through “schematized representations of territories", known as chorems. In particular, two specific contributions have been produced by investigating and implementing the proposed methodology. The former consists of the formal specification of chorems in terms of visual language and structure, in order to both standardize the chorem creation and assembling process and provide a usable framework for computer systems. The latter is represented by the design and the implementation of a system which generates maps containing chorems starting from geographic database content, in a semi-automatic manner
Clementini, Eliseo. "A conceptual framework for modelling spatial relations." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0028/these.pdf.
Full textLes modèles pour les relations spatiales ont stimulé un grand intérêt parmi les chercheurs dans les bases de données spatiales des années 90. On peut distinguer trois niveaux différents de représentation où nous pouvons identifier des relations spatiales : un niveau purement géométrique, où des objets sont représentés comme ensembles de points et les relations peuvent être formellement définies en termes mathématiques ; un niveau informatique, où les objets sont représentés en tant que types de données spatiaux et les relations sont calculées au moyen d'opérateurs spatiaux ; un niveau utilisateur, où les objets et les relations correspondent aux concepts du contexte d'utilisateur. Du point de vue géométrique, on peut considérer une catégorisation des relations spatiales dans trois groupes : topologique, projectif, et métrique. Ce mémoire de thèse propose à la fois un cadre général pour la modélisation des relations spatiales qualitatives, et présente des nouveaux développements pour les relations projectives. En offrant un cadre mathématique formel à une description qualitative des relations, les modèles envisagés se révèlent d’un grand intérêt dans la recherche en sciences de l’information géographique. La propriété géométrique la plus importante qui a été prise en considération est la colinéarité entre trois points. L’importance de cette propriété est telle qu’elle conditionne toute l’approche, en faisant des relations ternaires la base formelle des modèles envisagés. Nous avons développé les algorithmes pour calculer les relations à partir d'une structure de données en format vectoriel et un système de raisonnement sur les relations projectives ternaires. On a aussi étendu les modèles vers l’espace trois-dimensionnelles et la sphère. Du point de vue de l’utilisateur, les relations projectives doivent envisager l’information sur le contexte, en les combinant avec des systèmes de référence pour ôter les ambiguïtés du sens de la relation
Ramos, Fabien. "Modélisation et validation d'un système d'information géographique 3D opérationnel." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0154.
Full textA huge community of geographical and spatial data users like geologists, militaries, town planners or communication and utilities managers are interested in a Geographical Information System being able to handle the third dimension. Unfortunately, GIS commercial solutions are extremely weak about 3D concern. The purpose of this PhD thesis is to model and implement a 3D GIS prototype, which is able to surpass the simple 3D extrusion of 2D outlines. Our prototype demonstrates that today it is actually possible to deal with true 3D data in a Geographical Information System. The architecture of our prototype is structured on a “Boundary Representation” (B-Rep) geometrical model. This model describes an object as a set of faces, which has the advantage of modeling any kind of forms, even very complex ones. In order to insure a better coherence of data, we have added a “structural” topological layer above the B-Rep geometrical description of the object. A “network” topology is implemented to optimize most of network’s queries inside the application. Finally, the set of geographical data is stored in an extended relational database management system, and a 3D R-Tree spatial index allows a straighter and faster data access. One of the most important contributions of 3D to the geographical information systems lies in the new standing given to visibility computing and to optimal path queries. Our prototype allows to draw visibility maps that take the 3D forms of the terrain and the 3D forms of the geographical objects into account. Those constraints are also considered by our optimal path algorithm, which can be parameterized with visibility maps or with the characteristics of the moving object
Dray, Stéphane. "Eléments d'interface entre analyses multivariées, systèmes d'information géographique et observations écologiques." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10003.
Full textRuas, Anne. "Modèle de généralisation de données géographiques à base de contraintes et d'autonomie." Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0050.
Full textBimonte, Sandro. "Intégration de l'information géographique dans les entrepôts de données et l'analyse en ligne : de la modélisation à la visualisation." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0105/these.pdf.
Full textData warehouse and OLAP systems are decision-making solutions. Integration of spatial data into OLAP systems is an important challenge. Indeed, geographic information is always present implicitly or explicitly into data, but generally it is not well handled into the decisional process. Spatial OLAP (SOLAP) systems, which are the integration of OLAP and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are a promising way. Most of SOLAP solution reduces geographic information to its spatial component, limiting the analysis capabilities of the spatio-multidimensional paradigm. We propose a formal model (GeoCube) and its associated algebra. GeoCube reformulates main SOLAP concepts in order to introduce semantic and spatial aspects of geographic information into the multidimensional analysis. We model measures and dimension members as geographic and/or complex objects. A measure can belong to one or more hierarchies. We propose an algebra which provides the drill and slice operators, an operator to invert measures and dimension, and two operators to navigate into the hierarchy of the measure. The algebra permits to introduce the spatial analysis methods into multidimensional analysis through some new operators which change dynamically the structure of the hypercube. We have realized a web prototype based on GeoCube. We describe our works using environmental data of Venice lagoon pollution. Finally, we propose a new visualization and interaction paradigm to analyze geographic measures
Siefert, Nathalie. "Etude methodologique de cartographie automatique des ecoulements fluviaux. Application aux bassins de la fecht et du giessen." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1GE05.
Full textFERRON, CLAUDINE. "L'eau et la ville : origine, nature et mode de regulation des eaux destinees a la consommation humaine. exemple de la communaute urbaine de strasbourg." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR1GE07.
Full textThis research looks at the safety steps involved in supplying drinking water to large towns and cities and also the administration problems which are involved. The question which has been put forward concerns the spado-temporal adequacy which arises between the protection strategies of the water quality installed by the concerned social actors and the exposure of the resource to accidental pollution risks. In order to study the misfunctionning of the protection device, the main argument is to compare the time delay of the actor's reaction against the spreading dynamic of pollutants in the ground water. For this purpose, the study called upon the analysing methods of spatial complexity, such as modelisation and simulation, using a systemic approach. Descriptive elements, notably saptial, of head-on pollution, installed supervision devices as well as relationships established between them have all been modelled in accordance with the proposed approaches suggested by de latil. The simultaneously study on different kinds of phenomena, physical and social, to equally different spado-temporal scales, necessitated the support aid from a geographical information system (gis). The data used are specific of a catchment well in the urban community of strasbourg. The main important conclusion of this research underlines the importance of information and communication contact within the decision-making authorities who are dependent on structures more or less independent from one other. Taken from recent work conducted by distributed artificial intelligence concerning the organisation of social groups, it has been suggested resorting to multi-agent modelisation (mas) in order to identify the supposed misfunctionning problems
Allard, Anne-Sophie. "Spécification des informations géométriques et descriptives nécessaires à la représentation à partir d'un SIG d'un espace urbain 3D et Spécification et conception d'une interface entre SIG-2D et interface graphique 3D appliquée aux espaces urbains." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10002.
Full textBarrault, Mathieu. "Le placement cartographique des écritures : résolution d'un problème à forte combinatoire et présentant un grand nombre de contraintes variées." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MARN0031.
Full textLe, Hir Céline. "Forêt et chutes de blocs : méthodologie de modélisation spatialisée du rôle de protection." Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0259.
Full textForest have a protection role against rockfalls in mountain areas. Foresters have to manage forests in a way to optimise this role and for they becomes durably protective. To reach this objective, they need adapted tools. This thesis is based on the idea that such tool can be provided. We design a tool to map the interrelation between rockfall and forest and to asses the influence of forest management on their protective ability. The method is based on use of spatial data. We first conceive and validate a tool from a model-GIS coupling. Real size experiments brought validation of the parameter from the trajectography model. GIS use allow us to validate the model and bring some adaptation for the results obtained with the model. We brought up some analysis modules for data spatial repartition. Then we took into account stand management by integrating their dynamic in the modelling process. We then obtain a tool open to be used in order to improve the understanding of stand management influence on protective role of forest. It could bring information on how to reduce rockfall hazard. Finally we conceived a methodology of rockfall hazard mapping with taking into account forests stands management
Popova, Prolet. "La gestion de l'information géographique dans la réorganisation cadastrale en Bulgarie." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUEL422.
Full textThe present thesis investigates the place of the geographic information in the cadastral reorganisation process in Bulgaria. The first part is dedicated to the study of the legislative frame, the former and the new one, which allows to apprehend the stakes in the objective to reach ; the second part goes on with a territorial research at a local lever to detect how the existent system operates as well as to measure the impact of the current experiences. The specific role of the bulgarian cadastre as a tool for an urban and territorial management is underlined as well as the one of the municipal technical services, which constitute true geographic information moving plates. The implementation problems of the cadastral information systems are synthetised in the third part. The last part suggests some transitory measures to be improved in the municipalities , in order to reduce the collaboration gaps between a recently created Cadastre Agency and the municipal technical services in charge of the updating of the plans ans cadastral registers at the moment
Ballo, Moïse. "Elements pour la mise en place d'un système d'information urbain à Bamako." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10050.
Full textAdmane, Ayaden Farida. "Mise en oeuvre des systèmes d'information géographique pour la prise de décision : démarches et outils." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10045.
Full textA GIS, in its double role of a ) description and management of geographicla data on a specific space and b) geographicla posotioning of data known as assignees, is a major element of the information system of an organization, and gives way to specific decision making. The present work concerns spatial decision-making, and notably at the strategic level. Spatial dimension adds a complexity to decision-making, and requires a different study and reflection on both the decision situations (i. E. Enterprise management) and the cognitive processes of the decision makers (decision making itself). Our contribution covers methodological and technical solutions to this problem, based on theorical considerations and experimental implementations. These implementations were done within the CERIST (Research Center in Scientific and Technical Information, Algiers), aiming territory development and spatial organisation
Méaille, Robert. "Les Systèmes d'Information Géographique : structure, mise en oeuvre et utilisation dans différentes études." Phd thesis, Nice, 1988. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00957266.
Full textFritsch, Emmanuel. "Représentations de la géométrie et des contraintes cartographiques pour la généralisation du linéaire routier." Marne-la-Vallée, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MARN0018.
Full textKouame, Jacob Loukou. "Apports de l'imagerie satellitaire à la mise à jour de l'information géographique dans les pays de la ceinture tropicale : étude de cas en Guyane française, Sénégal, Cameroun et Niger." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0292.
Full textLedig, Jacques. "Opportunité, évaluation économique et méthodologie de mise en oeuvre et de développement d'un système d'information géographique dans les collectivités territoriales." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2003/Ledig.Jacques.LMZ0306.pdf.
Full textMahoudeau, Julien. "Hypermédias et patrimoine archéologique : la médiation numérique du patrimoine culturel comme processus socio-technologique complexe." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20103.
Full textAt a crossworld of computer science, archaeology and mediation, a new sphere of research takes shape, the hypermedia mediation of archaeological heritage one. The research examines the emergence conditions of this field and suggests a global social situation study, which reveals the expression context of hypermedia mediation, by focusing on archaelogical, technical, political, economical and legal problems. Publics and uses study allows to know the reception forms, the places and use conditions. The research relies on concrete experiments : mediation of archaeological heritage of Zama (Tunisia), production of Hypercarta system, archaeological work about the Montsérié site (Hautes-Pyrénées). On the basis of an espistemological critic, the thesis aimed at building a new comprehension of the hypermedia mediation of archaeological heritage perceived as a complex socio-technological process
Khelfallah, Mahat. "Révision et fusion d'information à base de contraintes linéaires : application à l'information géogaphique et temporelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11045.
Full textZepeda, Cortès Claudia. "Evacuation planning using Answer Set Programming." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0117/these.pdf.
Full textCurrently, the persons in charge of protection against the situations of disaster must make the decisions on the preparation and the execution of the evacuation plans by considering the potential causes of the disaster. For this reason, it is desirable to develop a system able to generate and analyse the evacuation plans based on the knowledge of the particular situation, the geographical data and their own capacities, and to exchange information and the services. To develop such a system, one can use Answer Set Programming (ASP). ASP is a logical and declarative programming language for the representation of knowledge. ASP represents a new paradigm for the logical representation which allows, by using the concept of negation by failure, to solve problems with knowledge by default and to allow not-monotonous reasoning. The objective of our work is precisely to carry out research and to evaluate the capacities of ASP to represent simulations of disaster having for objective to help define evacuation plans. The motivation of our work is based on the idea that ASP has many qualities that such a program must have: it is possible to translate geographical information in a format that ASP can understand. There is an Answer Set Planning which gets a manner natural and elegant to model the problems of planning. ASP uses the concept of negation by failure which makes it possible to express exceptions, restrictions and to represent incomplete knowledge. There exists moreover, in ASP, several approaches in order to express preferences
Heba, Nurja Ines. "Contributions à l'analyse statistique et économétrique des données géoréférencées." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10048.
Full textSpatial analysis is a research topic that might develop the exploration capacity of goegraphical information systems. We study different aspects of georeferenced data modelling. 1) We build a tool-box called GEOXP (using Matlab) organised with statistical functions offering an exploratory analysis of georeferenced data with spatial dimension. These functions use statistical tools adapted for spatial data. 2) We study the theoretical context of a spatial analysis of real estate data in urban environment to prepare an empirical work. This study bring us to a new research on weight matrix choice in spatial regression models and we offer a new type of weight matrix, built on location density. 3) We build a new methodology to classify data flows between geographical units by using two matrix, one describing the flows themselves and the othe one describing their neighbourhood relations
Kammoun, Hilda. "Modèle de vue relative et spatio-temporelle de trajectoires géographiques d'objets mobiles : application au contexte maritime." Paris, ENSAM, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180981.
Full textThe worldwide increase of transportation traffic implies a progressive obstruction of many air, terrestrial and maritime routes. This also augments the number of security risks and enlarges the complexity of monitoring and regulation tasks. Over the past few years, maritime transportation and traffic have been improved by the emergence of new technological solution oriented towards real-time geo-localisation such as the GPS (Global Positioning System) and VHF systems(Very High Frequency). With continuous and real-time availability of location data on ship displacements (e. G. Position, speed), trajectories are usually represented using either an absolute (cartographic view) or relative representation (e. G. Radar view). These systems, used independently or through a dual mode, while they are successful in providing a global or partially local view of the geographical environment, does not provide a complete and appropriate representation of the way a mobile object and its observer act in and perceive the maritime environment. The research presented in this thesis introduces a new conceptual model oriented to the representation of geographical trajectories in space and time. We consider the point of view where a displacement process is perceived by an egocentric representation and visualisation of space and time, and where the modelling primitives are the ones usually retained by a Geographic Information System. Our study shows that the relative speed and distance are appropriate concepts that support an egocentric-based modelling of an object and observer behaving in a maritime environment. The relative position is based on the distance between two given objects, but also makes a difference between the value of their topological relationships. Similarly, the relativised speed also makes a difference between faster and slower moving objects with respect to a referent moving object. This representation is designed on top of a two-dimensional space, this facilitating characterisation of the underlying spatio-temporal processes using natural language terms. Continuous transitions are also identified. Overall this modelling approach offers novel perspectives for the visualisation and analysis of trajectories in space and time. The approach is supported by a prototype applied to a maritime context and several experiments made with panels of users
Leblanc, Marc. "Gestion des ressources en eau des grands bassins semi-arides à l'aide de la télédétection et des SIG : application à l'étude du bassin du lac Tchad, Afrique." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2260.
Full textLignon, Gérard. "Systèmes d'information géographique comme outil d'aide à la décision : application à l'espace karstique méditérranéen." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON3A001.
Full textLachance-Bernard, Nicolas. "Modélisation des coûts généralisés de déplacement en transport privé et public : automatisation des spécifications de paramètres pour la géo-simulation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25404/25404.pdf.
Full textThis research develops a methodology for modelling generalized trip costs using private and public transportation modes. The methodology enables computer-assisted specification of parameters for disaggregated multimodal trip geo-simulations using TransCAD. We present three developed GIS-T applications within the current project: CRADVoyagesTC – for public transit supply definition and localization, CRADTNetwork – for public transit graph construction, and CRADRoutes – for multiple disaggregated trip paths simulation. Finally, a proof of concept application based on trip simulation using as origin the residential places and as destination the major shopping places of the Quebec Metropolitan Area (QMA) is presented. The main objective of this study case is to demonstrate the functionality and the efficiency of the developed methodology to be used in future accessibility and mobility researches. Preliminary results are discussed.
Vauglin, François. "Modèles statistiques des imprécisions géométriques des objets géographiques linéaires." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MARN0010.
Full textPeerbocus, Mohamed Ally. "Gestion de l'évolution spatiotemporelle dans une base de données géographiques." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090055.
Full textRodriguez-Pabon, Orlando. "Cadre théorique pour l'évaluation des infrastructures d'information géospatiale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18130.
Full textMany countries around the world are constructing Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). In order to meet more important SDI expectations and goals, several approaches have been conducted. However, the literature suggests that SDI initiatives do not necessarily meet the major users’ needs and that the most important objectives have not yet been reached. This fact raises a number of questions, mainly the issue as to whether or not the real usefulness of SDI initiatives is limited. If this were the case, SDI projects would not be sufficiently justified and consequently available resources scarcer. Therefore, it becomes necessary to evaluate SDI initiatives. In spite of this, there does not exist, to date, enough valid or widespread criteria based upon which SDI can be evaluated. Hence, it is essential that relevant criteria be defined, through which it is possible to evaluate such approaches, as well as their results. In order to reach this goal, we conducted qualitative research to develop a theoretical framework for the evaluation of SDI projects, through the identification and description of common success criteria across different contextual backgrounds. Our first step was to conceptualize the evaluation and success antecedents through the literature. Secondly, an International Web Survey was conducted applying Delphi study basis. Finally, the core of this research was two SDI case studies. Switzerland and Uruguay were examined in order to gain better understanding of criteria and context. We propose that SDI evaluation should be a process that involves everyone in the social construction of these infrastructures. Thus, SDI can be evaluated based on two major dimensions: "Quality Dimension" and "Virtue Dimension". Each dimension is composed of evaluation zones. We suggest that SDI can become largely valuable projects only if they are useful to society. This two-dimensional evaluation framework should be a good tool to help SDI organizations to estimate and improve the success of SDI initiatives. It allows the definition of conditions under which the SDI objectives may be planned and judged, while respecting the diversity of approaches adopted by each community. The notion of useful assessment, promoting training and social transformation, underlies the theoretical framework proposed.
Zoghlami, Asma. "Modélisation et conception de systèmes d’information géographique gérant l’imprécision." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/170325245#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOur work focuses on the management of imprecise spatiotemporal knowledge in the construction of geographic information systems. We more particularly deal with their conceptualization, representation and structure using the fuzzy set theory. As the information system design is usually done using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), we favored approaches extending it. Therefore, since PERCEPTORY, with its PictograF language, extends the UML for modeling GIS, and Fuzzy UML enriches UML for the management of imprecision, we proposed an approach called F-PERCEPTORY exploiting their respective advantages. The second part of our work is focused on the implementation (structure, constraints, rules) of GIS modeled using our approach. For this, we chose a data representation by connex, normalized fuzzy sets stored via α-cuts. Finally, the last part of our work aimed to propose a methodology for the study of urban trajectories from the past to the future based on the stored information, descriptive and logical modeling of spatial dynamics taking account of imprecise, and on rule mining processes. Previous contributions have been introduced with the aim of managing Reims archaeological data and the study of the spatial dynamics of the city of Saint-Denis
Monier, Garbet Pascale. "Caracterisation du terrain en vue de son traitement numerique. Application a la generalisation de l'orographie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR1GE06.
Full textThis phd thesis takes place within a range of researches in the field of geographical information systems. To be more precise, our works aims at characterising automatically terrain from a digital terrain model (dtm), for a subsequent cartographic use of the dtm. The target processing that we have considered as a test-bed case study is the cartographic generalisation of terrain. Our process follows the process proposed by robert weibel (geographical institute of the university of zurich) for relief generalisation and the process of the cogit laboratory for linear features generalisation. We propose a global process and some tools which provide a first relationship between relief types and geomorphologic measurements. The experimental part is so far limited to a segmentation of the initial data model into topographically homogeneous areas plus a set of measurements computed for these areas (but not a proper classification). Tests were done on a wide region which encompasses a geomorphologically varied area (drome, france)
Kang, Myoung-Ah. "Indexation et visualisation des données de champs continus dans les SIG (Systèmes d'Information Géographique)." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0078/these.pdf.
Full textThe objective of the continuous field databases is the representation of continuous phenomena (meteorology, geology, pollution, etc…). We propose an indexing method for the efficient value query processing in a large amount of continuous field data. These queries are based on the condition of field values, such as "What are the regions where the temperature is less than 30°?" For this, we propose the new concept of sub-field. We divide a space into several sub-fields in order that all of the explicit and implicit values inside a sub-field should be close to reach other on the value domain. Thus, the intervals of sub-fields can be indexed by an existent indexing method of internal data. We present two new implementation methods of sub-fields : the "Interval Quadtree" and "I-Hilbert" methods. The "I-Hilbert" method is an improvement of the "Interval Quadtree" method. Moreover, we are interested in the visualization of time of data. To better understand and analyse the data over time, it is important to represent their temporal evolution. In the thematic and applicative point of view, we worked on a urban noise GIS. After the related works about the existent tools, we adopted the animation technique in order to represent the temporal evolution of sound. The necessity of using an animated map as an exploration tool of data leads us to specify an interactive animated map that permits users to control not only the display of animation but also the generation of animation. In order to realize such an interactive animated map, we propose the parameters for controlling (specifying) the generation of animation frames, and an interactive display controller of animation. These specifications of an interactive animated map were validated in a prototype developed under MapInfo and VisualBasic
Leclercq, Eric. "Interoperabilité sémantique des systèmes d'information géographique : une approche basée sur la médiation de contexte." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS005.
Full textSouris, Marc. "La construction d'un système d'information géographique : principes et algorithmes du système Savane." La Rochelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LAROS087.
Full textThis thesis present a work in computer sciences and software development. This purpose is to try to give an answer to the question : " How to build a full geographic information system following the principles of database management adapting it to geographical data ? ". We try to show with the full example of the Savane system how general theory of geographical data and algorithms in computational geometry may be use to build a GIS software. This work is part of a research program from the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement). The thesis expose all the architecture, methods and algorithms of the system, trying to explain all the options of the system building, in the different areas : definition and utilization of geographical information ; principles of database management systems and extension to geographical data ; algorithms to use to the implementation of this principles in an information system ; construction of an operational system build from the theoretical principles and functional requirements for the use in projects in geography and research for the development