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1
Business dynamics: Systems thinking and modeling for a complex world. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill, 2000.
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2
Wetering, Ernst. Rembrandt. The Painter Thinking. Edited by Wardy Poelstra. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789089645616.
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Even during the artist's lifetime, contemporary art lovers considered Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) to be an exceptional artist. In this revelatory sequel to the acclaimed Rembrandt: The Painter at Work, renowned Rembrandt authority Ernst van de Wetering investigates the painter's considerations that determined the striking changes in his development from an early age onwards. This gorgeously illustrated book explores how Rembrandt achieved mastery by systematic exploration of the 'foundations of the art of painting'. According to written sources from the seventeenth century, which were largely misinterpreted until now, these 'foundations' were considered essential at that time. From his first endeavours in painting, Rembrandt embarked on a journey past these foundations, thus becoming the 'pittore famoso', whom Count Cosimo the Medici visited at the end of his life. Rembrandt never stopped searching for solutions to the pictorial problems that confronted him; this led over time to radical changes that cannot simply be attributed to stylistic evolution or natural development. In a quest as rigorous and novel as the artist's, Van de Wetering reveals how Rembrandt became the revolutionary painter that would continue to fascinate the art world. This ground breaking exploration reconstructs Rembrandt's theories and methods, shedding new light both on the artist's exceptional accomplishments and on the theory and practice of painting in the Dutch Golden Age.
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Wetering, Ernst. Rembrandt. The Painter Thinking. Edited by Wardy Poelstra. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462981522.
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Even during the artist's lifetime, contemporary art lovers considered Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) to be an exceptional artist. In this revelatory sequel to the acclaimed Rembrandt: The Painter at Work, renowned Rembrandt authority Ernst van de Wetering investigates the painter's considerations that determined the striking changes in his development from an early age onwards. This gorgeously illustrated book explores how Rembrandt achieved mastery by systematic exploration of the 'foundations of the art of painting'. According to written sources from the seventeenth century, which were largely misinterpreted until now, these 'foundations' were considered essential at that time. From his first endeavours in painting, Rembrandt embarked on a journey past these foundations, thus becoming the 'pittore famoso', whom Count Cosimo the Medici visited at the end of his life. Rembrandt never stopped searching for solutions to the pictorial problems that confronted him; this led over time to radical changes that cannot simply be attributed to stylistic evolution or natural development. In a quest as rigorous and novel as the artist's, Van de Wetering reveals how Rembrandt became the revolutionary painter that would continue to fascinate the art world. This ground breaking exploration reconstructs Rembrandt's theories and methods, shedding new light both on the artist's exceptional accomplishments and on the theory and practice of painting in the Dutch Golden Age. Everyone who is interested in the art of painting should read this phenomenal book, because it was written with incredible knowledge and experience on the subject. It shows in a clear and simple way how Rembrandt worked and the things he had to take into account. At the same time it offers a fantastic sample of Rembrandt's life's work, thanks to the well-chosen selection of illustrations. David Rijser, NRC Handelsblad
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Hynes, William, Martin Lees, and Jan Marco Müller, eds. Systemic Thinking for Policy Making. OECD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/879c4f7a-en.
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Imlay, Talbot C. European Socialists and Empire between the Wars. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641048.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the position of European socialists towards empire and especially towards colonialism. Although European socialists ostensibly supported the notion of trusteeship, embodied in the League of Nations mandate system, their thinking on reformist colonialism was more uncertain and contested than is often contended. Indeed, socialist thinking included a strand of anti-colonialism that manifested itself in calls for the International to adopt a policy of more active support for anti-colonial movements in the colonies as well as a more systemic opposition to the global political and economic order in which colonialism was embedded. Partly in reaction to communist anti-colonialism, however, this socialist anti-colonialism was marginalized by the end of the 1920s as mainstream socialism endorsed trusteeship not because it provided a well-defined political programme but as a means to close off more far-reaching proposals. During the later 1930s socialist anti-colonialism would reappear in the form of colonial appeasement.
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Ritschel, Lorie A., and Christopher S. Sheppard. Hope and Depression. Edited by Matthew W. Gallagher and Shane J. Lopez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399314.013.22.
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This chapter examines the relationship between hopeful thinking and major depressive disorder. Hope is a positive psychology construct that comprises goals, agency thinking, and pathways thinking and has been associated with psychological and physical well-being and psychosocial outcomes. Depression is inversely correlated with hope and is characterized by a host of symptoms and psychological correlates, including feelings of sadness, negative self-talk, amotivation, and difficulties in problem-solving and concentrating. This chapter explores the empirical evidence regarding the relationship between hope and depression, including the relationship between the subcomponents of hope (i.e., pathways and agency thinking) and the biological (e.g., neural reward systems) and cognitive (e.g., executive functioning) correlates of depression. In addition, the evidence for hope as a viable route for remediating depressive symptoms is reviewed, and future directions are proposed.
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Adam, Sheila, Sue Osborne, and John Welch. Sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696260.003.0010.
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Sepsis—a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response to infection—occurs at some point in most critical illnesses, and is the most common cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Patients with MODS always present great challenges to the critical care team and are often at high risk of death. This chapter discusses the latest thinking about the infective causes and complex evolution of sepsis, with details of how each of the main body systems can be affected (e.g. in the form of acute respiratory distress syndrome) and how different organ functions can be assessed and dysfunction recognized. The priorities, principles, and practicalities of holistic care and management of patients with sepsis and MODS, including adjunct therapies and blood purification, is also described.
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Heidt-Forsythe, Erin. Between Families and Frankenstein. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520298187.001.0001.
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In this book, I undertake the first comprehensive theoretical and empirical analysis of the politics of the “wild west” of egg donation in the United States. If egg donation is so publicly recognizable and evokes such social interest, why does the U.S. system fail to regulate it? This book challenges conventional thinking around egg donation politics, exploring answers to how egg donation is defined, debated, and regulated in the United States, as well as exploring the logic of why the U.S. system of politics is organized the way it is around egg donation. Building upon theories of normative femininity in reproduction and scientific research, this book examines the relationships between subnational politics and policy in contemporary egg donation. I use three interdisciplinary areas of inquiry—policy framing, body politics and morality politics, and representation by gender and political party to answer long-standing questions about egg donation and politics in the fields of women’s and gender studies, political science and policy studies, and bioethics. Employing case studies, qualitative narrative analysis, and quantitative public-policy analyses of an original data set of over eight hundred state-level public policies around egg donation, this book clarifies the ways that gender, race, and class, as well as political institutions and actors, create systems of egg donation politics and regulation, particularly at the subnational level.
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Watson, Max, and Mark Thomas. Spiritual and ethical aspects of advance care planning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802136.003.0006.
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This chapter describes linking spirituality and Advanced Care Planning (ACP); fear and ACP; how thinking about death changes people; religious views of ACP; denial and ACP; personal control and ACP; ethical principles and ACP; the spiritual work of ACP, including objective asessment; adaptation and ACP; and ritual, sacrament, and ACP. The discussion holds that dying is not primarily a medical event. The process of thinking about end-of-life issues can significantly impact on an individual’s attitudes, values, and belief systems. Dying patients can challenge the cultural illusion that life is going to last forever. This can be hard for families and professionals to accept and challenges their own fears around mortality. The importance and wisdom of religious rituals and religious symbolism cannot be ignored even in the most secular of contexts as they bring comfort to many. ACP is about life before death and can foster resilience and hope.
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Dryzek, John S., and Jonathan Pickering. The Politics of the Anthropocene. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809616.001.0001.
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The Politics of the Anthropocene is a sophisticated yet accessible treatment of how human institutions, practices, and principles need to be re-thought in response to the challenges of the Anthropocene, the emerging epoch of human-induced instability in the Earth system and its life-support capacities. However, the world remains stuck with practices and modes of thinking that were developed in the Holocene – the epoch of around 12,000 years of unusual stability in the Earth system, toward the end of which modern institutions such as states and capitalist markets arose. These institutions persist despite their potentially catastrophic failure to respond to the challenges of the Anthropocene, foremost among them a rapidly changing climate and accelerating biodiversity loss. The pathological trajectories of these institutions need to be disrupted by advancing ecological reflexivity: the capacity of structures, systems, and sets of ideas to question their own core commitments, and if necessary change themselves, while listening and responding effectively to signals from the Earth system. This book envisages a world in which humans are no longer estranged from the Earth system but engage with it in a more productive relationship. We can still pursue democracy, social justice, and sustainability – but not as before. In future, all politics should be first and foremost a politics of the Anthropocene. The arguments are developed in the context of issues such as climate change, biodiversity, and global efforts to address sustainability.
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Caramani, Daniele, ed. Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198737421.001.0001.
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Comparative Politics provides an introduction to the field. It includes three chapters dedicated to familiarizing readers with the comparative approach. It then guides readers through a thematically-organized, comprehensive analysis of the core methods, theories, and concepts in comparative politics. Empirical data is drawn on to demonstrate key similarities and differences of political systems in practice. Increased focus is given to the Global South and its path towards democratization. At the end of each chapter there are questions designed to encourage critical thinking. The six sections of the work deal with: theories and methods; the historical context; structures and institutions; actors and processes; public policies; and beyond the nation-state.
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Bratman, Michael E. Planning, Time, and Self-Governance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867850.001.0001.
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Our human capacity for planning agency plays central roles in the cross-temporal organization of our agency, in our acting and thinking together, and in our self-governance. Intentions can be understood as states in such a planning system. The practical thinking essential to this planning capacity is guided by norms that enjoin synchronic plan consistency and coherence as well as forms of plan stability over time. This book’s essays aim to deepen our understanding of these norms and defend their status as norms of practical rationality for planning agents. General guidance by these planning norms has many pragmatic benefits, especially given our cognitive and epistemic limits. But appeal to these pragmatic benefits does not fully explain the normative force of these norms in application to the particular case. In response, some think these norms are norms of theoretical rationality on belief; or are constitutive of agency; or are just a myth. These essays chart an alternative path, which sees these planning norms as tracking conditions of a planning agent’s self-governance, both at a time and over time. This path articulates associated models of self-governance; it appeals to the agent’s end of her self-governance over time; and it argues that this end is rationally self-sustaining. This end is thereby in a position to play a role in our planning framework that is analogous to the role of a concern with quality of will within the framework of the reactive attitudes, as understood by Peter Strawson.
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Elbow, Gary S., and Martha B. Sharma. Using Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in Geography (Greenwood Professional Guides in School Librarianship). Greenwood Press, 2000.
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14
Raeff, Catherine. Exploring the Complexities of Human Action. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190050436.001.0001.
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Exploring the Complexities of Human Action offers a bold theoretical framework for thinking systematically and integratively about what people do as they go about their complex lives in all corners of the world. The book offers a vision of humanity that promotes empathic understanding of complex human beings that can bring people together to pursue common goals. Raeff sets the stage for conceptualizing human action by characterizing what people do in terms of the complexities of holism, dynamics, variability, and multicausality. She also constructively questions some conventional practices and assumptions in psychology (e.g., fragmenting, objectifying, aggregating, deterministic causality). The author then articulates a systems conceptualization of action that emphasizes multiple and interrelated processes. This integrative conceptualization holds that action is constituted by simultaneously occurring and interrelated individual, social, cultural, bodily, and environmental processes. Action is further conceptualized in terms of simultaneously occurring and interrelated psychological processes (e.g., sensing, perceiving, thinking, feeling, interacting, self/identity), as well as developmental processes. This theoretical framework is informed by research in varied cultures, and accessible examples are used to illustrate major concepts and claims. The book also discusses some implications and applications of the theoretical framework for investigating the complexities of human action. The book shows how the theoretical framework can be used to think about a wide range of action, from eating to art. Raeff uses the theoretical framework to consider varied vexing human issues, including mind–body connections, diversity, extremism, and freedom, as well as how action is simultaneously universal, culturally particular, and individualized.
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Weinreb, Alice. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190605094.003.0001.
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This chapter uses changes in international perceptions of the German body over the course of the twentieth century—from starving victims of the First World War to the “fattest people in Europe” by the end of the century—as a way of thinking about the key themes of this book. It describes the book’s methodology, which builds on Foucault’s theory of governmentality to describe the ways in which modern states rely on the food system to control populations’ bodies. It thus shows how food opens up the category of biopolitics. At the same time, food represents crucial strategies of resistance and self-expression for individuals and communities, thus pushing at the limits of state power. This chapter also discusses the ways in which hunger is an important political category for industrialized economies.
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Marmodoro, Anna. Whole, but not One. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796299.003.0005.
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A number of contemporary metaphysicians find Aristotle’s hylomorphism a promising and yet wanting account of what there is, and have engaged in ‘reconditioning’ it into a sound metaphysics (e.g. Jaworski 2016, Koons 2014, Rea 2011, among others). Jonathan Lowe’s four-category ontology aligns with this way of thinking, notwithstanding its explicit rejection of the notion of matter that is typically attributed to Aristotle. This chapter offers a taxonomy of the most recent versions of hylomorphism that have been developed in the literature, and locates Lowe’s views within it. It further addresses the question of whether Aristotle’s hylomorphism does in fact need the ‘reconditioning’ it has recently received in the literature; the chapter argues for a negative answer. It finally focuses on the thorny issue of matter: here the questions addressed are: what Aristotle meant by ‘matter’; how many kinds of matter did he introduce into his system; and how does his system compare to Lowe’s matterless four-category ontology. As a version of hylomorphism, Lowe’s ontology is more Aristotelian than Lowe believed.
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Borsboom, Denny. Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0011.
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Network approaches have been proposed as an alternative way of thinking about relations between symptoms of mental disorders. Unlike traditional psychometric approaches, network models view these associations as the result of direct interactions between symptoms. Disorders are defined as alternative stable states of a network due to increased connectivity between symptoms. This increased connectivity creates a pattern of reinforcement, so the system can get stuck in a state of prolonged activation. Mental health is defined as the stable state of a weakly connected network. Although symptomatology may be temporarily increased in a healthy network (e.g., due to adverse life events), as the influence of a shock wanes the network will spontaneously return to its healthy state. Strongly connected networks, however, may transition into disordered states upon similar external shocks, and may not naturally recover. Thus, the proposed definitions yield plausible conceptualizations of resilience and vulnerability.
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Caramani, Daniele, ed. Comparative Politics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198820604.001.0001.
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Comparative Politics provides an introduction to the field. Comparative politics is an empirical science that deals primarily with domestic politics. It is one of the three main subfields of political science, alongside international relations and political theory. The text provides a comprehensive introduction to comparative politics. It includes three chapters dedicated to familiarizing readers with the comparative approach, discussing substance as well as method. It then guides readers through a thematically organized, comprehensive analysis of the core methods, theories, and concepts in comparative politics. Empirical data is drawn on to demonstrate key similarities and differences of political systems in practice. Increased focus is given to the Global South and its path towards democratization. At the end of each chapter, there are questions designed to encourage critical thinking. The six sections of the work deal with: theories and methods; the historical context; structures and institutions; actors and processes; public policies; and beyond the nation-state.
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Schröder, Peter, ed. Der Staat als Genossenschaft. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748902195.
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Langtext engl.: Otto von Gierke (1841–1921) has had a lasting influence on key terms and concepts related to the modern understanding of the state. This volume is divided into three systematic parts, in which Gierke's political and legal thinking is analysed from the different specialist perspectives of sociology, history, political science and jurisprudence. The focus of these different perspectives is his organic understanding of law and the state, which he consciously developed in different genres. At the same time, it also becomes clear what, if anything, can be taken from Otto von Gierke’s ideas for our own contemporary understanding of the state. The principle of subsidiarity and Gierke's strong emphasis on the role of communities and corporations below the state level, for example, make this particularly tangible. Gierke's work develops the relationship between cooperative law and constitutional law, thus succeeding in developing an innovative, organic understanding of law and the state on the basis of a comprehensive historical analysis. Prof. Dr. Peter Schröder is Professor of the History of Political Thought in the Department of History at University College London. With contributions by Niall Bond, Martin Espenhorst, Ben Holland, Céline Jouin, Jasper Kunstreich, Peter Nitschke, Tilman Repgen, Joachim Rückert, Jan Schröder, Peter Schröder and Helga Spindler.
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MacCormack, Patricia, ed. Ahuman Abolition. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474422734.003.0002.
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‘The animal’ as a question, concept and catalyst toward a redress of human subjectivity enflames contemporary philosophy. Varyingly, Deleuze’s work, with and without Guattari, has been both celebrated and maligned. Donna Haraway’s scathing misreading of becoming-animal and Deleuze and Guattari’s potential fetishisation of nonhuman alterity is counterbalanced with their being utilised via their unique abstraction of ordering-concepts which call into question the function of species itself as a majoritarian practice. Thinking the nonhuman – be it nonhuman animals or our own ahumanity – is a project not for science or moral theory based on scientific operations, but philosophy, in that it is an ethical project. Through Deleuze on Spinoza, on dying well, and Deleuze and Guattari’s call to animal-abstraction and inhuman affects, this chapter argues the value of Deleuze for what is known as the extreme of animal rights – abolitionism. Beyond equivalence and any interpretation of the nonhuman perceived via human signifying systems, this chapter uses Deleuze with abolitionist ideas to argue for an absolute abolitionist stance, both philosophically and materially, in reference to contemporary tactics for ethical relations with both nonhumans and ultimately an end to humanism and humanity as the only option for creative becomings for nonhuman lives.
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Berenskoetter, Felix. Identity in International Relations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.218.
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The identity perspective first emerged in the international relations (IR) literature in the late 1980s and early 1990s as a result of two overlapping trends. First, the postmodern Zeitgeist encouraged the questioning of accepted and “naturalized” categories associated with modernity. Embracing diversity and committed to an agenda of emancipation, postmodern thinking was to bring about the “death of meta-narratives” and to unravel assumptions which had come to be taken for granted and justified with, for instance, the need for parsimony. In IR, this meant “fracturing and destabilizing the rationalist/positivist hegemony,” including its ontology of the international system, to establish a new perspective on world politics. The readiness to do so was aided, second, by the end of the Cold War and changing structures of governance. The dissolution of seemingly stable political entities such as the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia raised questions about the volatility of borders, loyalties, nationalism(s), and the ability to manipulate them. Simultaneously, the phenomenon of “globalization” and processes of European integration undermined the conception of the Westphalian state as the fixed/dominant entity in world politics. Against this backdrop, many IR scholars searching for new conceptual vocabulary turned to “identity” to highlight the socially constructed nature of the state and its interests, and to explain the causes of war and the conditions for peace.
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Feller, Laurent. Travail, salaire et pauvreté au moyen âge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777601.003.0010.
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Hired working is a topic rarely dealt with by medievalists. It is nevertheless a central matter: beside the corvée and the range of constraints that goes with the seigniorial system, wages play an important part in the organization of rural or urban working. In the first place, every kind of work, even constrained work, has a cost. This ranges from the material organization of the tasks to the offering of a meal or to the payment of a monetary counterpart in exchange for the work. These features are compensations for the time passed in the fields or in the workshop and for the strength and skill used to satisfy the demands of the master. The fact that this cost is not necessarily, and never entirely, monetized is a barrier to thinking that between tenth and fifteenth centuries work could be considered a mere commodity whose wage is a price. The existence of counterparts in working means that there are reciprocal obligations: this fits well with an economic system in which acts and things can be valued according to social or political circumstances. Hired working appears to have been part of the seigniorial system from its very beginnings, as a marginal but useful way to obtain work from free workers. The way in which the different tasks are remunerated, and not only the amounts concerned, reveal the hierarchies in working: there is a gap between the gold given once a year to an architect (or to a professor at a university) and the bullion used to pay workers once a week on construction sites. The ways of remunerating work can be very complicated, mixing payments in cash and in kind. These payments show a considerable confusion in the conception of what the remuneration consists of: different words are used, even in the same contexts, to indicate the same economic reality, especially in rural contexts where the remuneration can involve clothes, cash, food, and accommodation. In the end, salary and poverty appear to be closely linked in the mentalities as well as in the social and economic reality. Hired working, salary, and misery are clearly three interrelated features of the medieval economic and social reality.
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Pila, Justine. The Subject Matter of Intellectual Property. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199688616.001.0001.
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This book offers a study of the subject matter protected by each of the main intellectual property (IP) regimes. With a focus on European and UK law particularly, it considers the meaning of the terms used to denote the objects to which IP rights attach, such as ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, and ‘design’, with reference to the practice of legal officials and the nature of those objects specifically. To that end it proceeds in three stages. At the first stage, in Chapter 2, the nature, aims, and values of IP rights and systems are considered. As historically and currently conceived, IP rights are limited (and generally transferable) exclusionary rights that attach to certain intellectual creations, broadly conceived, and that serve a range of instrumentalist and deontological ends. At the second stage, in Chapter 3, a theoretical framework for thinking about IP subject matter is proposed with the assistance of certain devices from philosophy. That framework supports a paradigmatic conception of the objects protected by IP rights as artifact types distinguished by their properties and categorized accordingly. From this framework, four questions are derived concerning: the nature of the (categories of) subject matter denoted by the terms ‘invention’, ‘authorial work’, ‘trade mark’, ‘design’ etc, including their essential properties; the means by which each subject matter is individuated within the relevant IP regime; the relationship between each subject matter and its concrete instances; and the manner in which the existence of a subject matter and its concrete instances is known. That leaves the book’s final stage, in Chapters 3 to 7. Here legal officials’ use of the terms above, and understanding of the objects that they denote, are studied, and the results presented as answers to the four questions identified previously.
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Selden, Daniel L., and Phiroze Vasunia, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Literatures of the Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699445.001.0001.
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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. The Oxford Handbook of the Literatures of the Roman Empire makes a decisive intervention in contemporary scholarship in at least two ways. The principal purpose the volume is to increase awareness and understanding of the multiplicity of literatures that flourished under Roman rule—not only Greek and Latin, but also Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Mandaic, etc. Beyond this, the volume also covers a number of literatures (e.g., South Arabian, Pahlavi, Old Ethiopic) which, while strictly independent of Roman imperial domination, nonetheless evolved dialectically in relation to it. Secondly, in presenting this array of different literatures within a single volume, the Handbook aims to facilitate further research into the relationship between literature and empire in the Roman world—an emergent field of increasing importance to such disciplines as classical scholarship, Mediterranean studies, and postcolonialism. No such overview of this material currently exists: accordingly, the volume promises both to clear up numerous understandings about the range and variety of the literary evidence per se, as well as significantly reshape current thinking about the content and character of ‘Roman literature’ as a whole. The Handbook consists of two parts: Part I presents a series of thematic chapters conceived as propaedeutic to Part II, which provides a systematic treatment of the different literatures— arranged by language—that the Roman Empire harboured roughly between the battle of Actium in 31 BCE and the Arab conquest of Egypt in 642 CE. Such a collection has never before appeared within the compass of a single volume: what students and scholars will find here are introductory but expert presentations not only of the major literatures of the of Empire—Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic—but also of the numerous minor literatures, which have for the most part been heretofore accessible only through the consultation of scattered sources that—outside of world‐class libraries, museums, and special collections—generally prove difficult to find. Since no prior collection of these literatures exists, their very collocation is itself bound to provoke questions.