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Vinguédassalom, Marie Dany. "Comprendre les relations interpersonnelles dans les organisations publiques au moyen de la systémique qualitative des communications : situations de services administratifs français." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30014.
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Notre recherche porte sur les relations interpersonnelles au sein de services administratifs publics. Nous nous intéressons à la communication interne dans les organismes de communication « publique ». Nous sommes donc amenées, dans le cadre de la thèse, à nous intéresser à l’expression de « communication publique », qui est souvent distinguée de l’expression « communication privée ». Tout d’abord, de manière théorique, nous avons à la fois exploré la notion de communication « publique », déconstruit les catégories généralement utilisées, et donc construit notre propre « objet » d’étude, avant d’aller sur le terrain qui nous proposera des situations d’échanges au travail. Nous avons ensuite réalisé une recherche qualitative ou subjectiviste au sein de services de communication, pour montrer que la distinction simpliste entre ces deux types de communication (publique et privée) n’est pas si évidente. En effet, la légitimité de la dénomination de la communication publique ne fait pas référence au modèle émetteur-récepteur, mais aux « mondes de la justification » de BOLTANSKI, THEVENOT et CHIAPELLO. Nous utilisons la méthode systémique qualitative des communications ou des relations d’Alex MUCCHIELLI pour faire l’analyse de notre « objet » d’étude. Méthode pour construire le système des relations. En effet, nous adoptons le positionnement épistémologique des Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication (S.I.C.) qui se situent dans le paradigme compréhensif – dans lequel il faut inclure le paradigme de la complexité qui s’appuie sur le systémisme et le constructivisme. Nous répondons alors à la question : « Comment une analyse systémique qualitative des communications permet de comprendre les relations interpersonnelles au sein de services administratifs publics »Our resserearch focuses on interpersonal relationships within public administrative services. We focus on internal communication in "public" communication organizations. We are thus brought within the framework of the thesis, to be interested in the term "public communication", which is often distinguished from the term "private communication". First, theoretically, we have both explored the notion of "public" communication and deconstructed the categories generally used, and therefore builted our own "object" of study, before going on the ground that proposed us exchange situations at work. We then conducted a qualitative or subjective research in communication services, to show that the simplistic distinction between these two types of communication (public and private) is not so obvious. Indeed, the legitimacy of the name of public communication does not refer to the model transceiver, but to the "worlds of justification” of BOLTANSKI, THEVENOT and CHIAPELLO. We use the qualitative system of communications or relationships of Alex MUCCHIELLI to analyze our "object" of study. Method to construct the system of relations. Indeed, we adopt the epistemological position of Information and Communication Sciences (SIC) that are within the paradigm of understanding - in which to include the paradigm of complexity based on the systemism and constructivism. We answer then the question: "How a qualitative analysis of communications systems brings us to understand relationships within public administrative services."
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Schoeny, Alain. "L’évènement sportif, un modèle d’échanges communicationnels territorialisés : étude des inférences du contexte sur son système de relations." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113004.
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L’événement est un sujet rarement pris comme objet de recherche. Banalisé, il semble aller de soi. Cette absence de définition témoigne à la fois d’un manque de compréhension et de la difficulté de se saisir de ce « fait social ». Dans le domaine sportif, il est cependant un objet de convoitise pour son potentiel décrété de différenciation et d’avantages pressentis. Si les techniques de partenariat telles que le sponsoring, le mécénat et de relations publiques sont au niveau de leurs organisations plutôt bien connues, elles sont curieusement loin d’avoir révélé toutes leurs richesses du point de vue « communicationnel ».L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est donc d’identifier les mécanismes de la communication durant différentes formes d'événements sportifs. Entre manifestations internationales, d’entreprise ou séminaires sportifs (‘team building’, ‘incentive’, gratification, etc.), l’événement est au cœur d’un système relationnel complexe. Comme le souligne Edgar Morin pour comprendre cette complexité, il est nécessaire de changer de paradigme afin d’en saisir le sens. La relation alors invisible, demande un positionnement de recherche phénoménologique, compréhensif et constructiviste (Le Moigne).Ce « fait humain » est ainsi conçu comme un processus de contextualisation d’éléments situationnels. L’acteur social réinvente donc une nouvelle définition de la situation à laquelle il prend part en mettant en relation différents « artefacts ». Aussi, un courant de pensée en sciences de l’information et de la communication, prolongeant les travaux de l’Ecole de Palo Alto (Watzlawick & coll.), s'appuie sur de nouvelles méthodes d’analyse systémique qualitative et sémiotique situationnelle des communications pour comprendre la genèse du sens partagé par un ensemble d’acteurs en présence (Mucchielli).Les résultats obtenus par cette recherche originale proposent, en complémentarité des travaux effectués par ailleurs (Ferrand, Tribou, etc.), de revisiter un certain nombre de concepts comme la persuasion, l’influence, la modification, etc. du point de vue de l’acteur par la notion de communication territorialisée. Pour les sciences du management comme pour les sciences et techniques des activités physiques et sportives, ces nouvelles pistes de recherche s’inscrivent dans une « praxéologie » de la communication pour une meilleure compréhension de l’action et de son contexte (Quéré)Event is a subject rarely considered as object of research topic. Trivialized, it seems obvious. This lack of definition shows both a lack of understanding and a difficulty in tacking "social action". In sport, however, it is an object of lust decreed for its potential benefits of differentiation and considered advantages. If techniques such as sponsoring, sponsorship and public relations are pretty well known within their organizations, curiously, they have far from having revealed all their wealth in terms "communicational".The objective of this research is to identify the mechanisms of different forms of communication during sporting events. In international events, business seminars or sports (team building, incentive, gratuity, etc.), the event is at the heart of a complex relational system. As Edgar Morin points out to understand this complexity, it is necessary to change the paradigm in order to understand the meaning. The then invisible relationship requires positioning of phenomenological research, understanding and constructivism (Le Moigne).This "human fact" reads as a process of contextualisation of situational factors. Therefore, the social subject reinvents a new definition of the situation he is involved in linking various "artifacts". Also, a stream of thought in information and communication science, extending the work of the Palo Alto School (Watzlawick & coll.), is based on new methods of systems analysis and qualitative semiotic situational communications to understand the genesis of meaning shared by a group of subjects involved (Mucchielli).The results of this original research offering, in complementing the work done elsewhere (Ferrand, Tribou, etc.), to revisit a number of concepts such as persuasion, influence, change, etc. from the perspective of the subject by the notion of communication territorialized. For management as science and STAPS, these new avenues of research are part of a "praxeology" of communication for a better understanding of the action and its context (Quéré)
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Popova-Dimitrova, Boriana. "Analyse de projets utilisant la technologie numérique dans l'enseignement supérieur : approche compréhensive de la complexité." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30007.
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Le développement des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication dans l’Enseignement (TICE) et plus concrètement dans le monde universitaire pose aujourd’hui un certain nombre de questions : sur la généralisation de ces technologies, sur la « révolution numérique », qui nécessairement favorise les changements en ce qui concerne la manière d’enseigner et d’apprendre, voire d’apprendre à apprendre, ou encore sur l’élaboration d’une architecture pour nourrir la construction et la mise en place d’outils et d’instruments au service de cette révolution numérique de l’enseignement supérieur. Le paysage numérique évolue rapidement – nouveaux acteurs, nouveaux outils, nouveaux projets. Les expériences en matière de TICE se multiplient sans pour autant accompagner un développement massif des outils proposés par la multitude de projets. Dans ce travail de recherche, mené en compréhension, nous ne cherchons pas la réponse à la question «quel est l’outil qui permettra l’intégration massive des TICE ? ». Nous proposons un regard différent, un regard systémique sur les projets utilisant la technologie numérique dans l’enseignement supérieur. A travers une modélisation systémique nous visons la compréhension de la complexité de tels projets, lesquels sont indéniablement des situations humaines d’abord. Alors, il ne s’agit pas de surmonter les difficultés techniques, mais de prendre en considération la construction collective de ces projets par les acteurs du système, dans un objectif commun, en réponse à des enjeux spécifiquesThe development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Education, and more specifically in higher education, raises a certain number of questions with regards to: the generalization of such technologies; the ‘digital revolution’, which inevitably promotes the instigation of changes to our teaching and learning processes including that of learning how to learn; and the development of an architecture to support the application and deployment of tools and instruments serving this digital revolution in the higher education sector. The technological framework is evolving very quickly, with new actors, new tools and new projects. Experience in ICT in Education is becoming wider but without necessarily accompanying a global development of the tools applied by many different projects. The objective of this research project, which works to provide an understanding of the current situation, is not to offer a direct response to the question ‘which tool will enable widespread integration of the ICT in Education’? Instead we propose a new approach based on a systemic view of projects which use digital technology in higher education. This systemic approach targets an understanding of the complexity of such projects, which first and foremost stem from human situations. In the light of this, the aim is not to overcome the technical problems but to take into consideration the collective development of such projects by the actors of the system, based on a shared objective in response of specific challenges
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DEL, CARMEN MOLLA GARCIA MARIA. "Describing scenes by qualitative spatial relations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142033.
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Abstract This thesis focuses on describing scenes by using qualitative spatial relations. Not all the spatial relations are suitable for describing the environment. For this reason a selection will first be made of the most appropriate relations for this task. Given these relations, descriptions for a number of the scenes will be generated. Based on these descriptions, patterns will be extracted. These patterns guide the design of a model which is able to generate new scenes with similar qualitative description. Finally some experiments will show the results of the model for different inputs.Referat Denna avhandling fokuserar på att beskriva scener med hjälp av kvalitativa spatiala relationer, som t.ex. på och nära. Inte alla spatiala relationer är lämpliga för att beskriva omgivningen. Därför görs först ett urval av de mest lämpliga relationerna för denna uppgift. Genom att använda dessa relationer för att generera beskrivningar för ett antal olika scener, kan vissa mönster extraheras. Baserat pådessa mönster, kommer en generativ modell att skapas som kan generera nya metriska konfigurationer för scener med samma kvalitativa konfiguration. Slutligen presenteras några experiment som visar vad modellen genererar med olika indata.
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Young, Jay. "Learning by observation using Qualitative Spatial Relations." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7096/.
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We present an approach to the problem of learning by observation in spatially-situated tasks, whereby an agent learns to imitate the behaviour of an observed expert, with no direct interaction and limited observations. The form of knowledge representation used for these observations is crucial, and we apply Qualitative Spatial-Relational representations to compress continuous, metric state-spaces into symbolic states to maximise the generalisability of learned models and minimise knowledge engineering. Our system self-configures these representations of the world to discover configurations of features most relevant to the task, and thus build good predictive models. We then show how these models can be employed by situated agents to control their behaviour, closing the loop from observation to practical implementation. We evaluate our approach in the simulated RoboCup Soccer domain and the Real-Time Strategy game Starcraft, and successfully demonstrate how a system using our approach closely mimics the behaviour of both synthetic (AI controlled) players, and also human-controlled players through observation. We further evaluate our work in Reinforcement Learning tasks in these domains, and show that our approach improves the speed at which such models can be learned.
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Jourde, Delia R. "Public relations practices in Puerto Rico : an exploratory qualitative study." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001941.
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Gaggioli, Sabina. "Mentoring Experiences Among Female Public Relations Entrepreneurs: A Qualitative Investigation." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3109.
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This phenomenological study expands from current mentoring literature within the mass communication field in understanding how mentoring can contribute to the successful careers of public relations entrepreneurial women. While many scholars indicate that mentoring is effective for women, the present study describes how mentoring has affected the women participants' public relations careers and personal lives. In-depth interviews focused on following five research questions: What have been the key contributing factors in the success of public relations women entrepreneurs? How has mentoring helped the women participants achieve their goals in a public relations career and in starting their own company? Which mentoring strategy (formal or informal) is perceived as being most effective? Do women benefit more from having a women mentor versus male? What motivating reasons attributed the public relations women participants to undertake their own business? The qualitative interview data generated six common themes which are: (1) networking, mentoring, building key relationships and a strong work ethic as being key to their success, (2) career mentoring from university faculty members and/or Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA) as an integral part in the commencement of their public relations careers, (3) mentoring affirmed their self-worth, (4) informal mentoring being perceived as more beneficial due to the long lasting relationship that follows, (5) male mentors being as effective as female mentors relative to career issues, although women provide both career and psychological mentoring, and (6) mentoring, lack of employment opportunities, and a better work-life balance being the three main key contributing factors in women professionals starting their own public relations company.
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Chakrabandhu, Yasinee. "Elaboration d'hydrogels de chitine induite par non-solvant : relations procédé-produit." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20024.
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Des hydrogels de chitine ont été préparés par gélification induite par pénétration de non solvant. Plusieurs procédés ont été étudiés (i) immersion dans un bain de non solvant pur (eau) (ii) immersion dans une solution binaire solvant (N-méthyl pyrrolidone) / non solvant (iii) un procédé original d'élaboration par exposition à des vapeurs de non solvant. Les gels élaborés par ces procédés ont été comparés en terme de morphologie selon une analyse multi-échelle (retrait surfacique, épaisseur, propriétés de relargage - coefficient de diffusion, module de Young apparent, SAXS, WAXS). Les différences observées ont été expliquées par l'influence des cinétiques de transfert en solvant et non solvant sur la structuration du gel au cours de l'élaboration. Une modélisation des transferts de matière au cours du procédé de gélification a été développée. Elle a permis de quantifier les cinétiques de pénétration de non solvant et d'évaporation du solvant et de simuler l'évolution des profils de concentration au cours du temps dans la solution de chitine pendant la gélificationChitin hydrogels were prepared by using non solvent induced gelation process. Different processes have been studied (i) pure non solvent (water) bath immersion process (ii) binary solvent (N-methyl pyrrolidone) / non solvent bath immersion process (iii) a novel method to induce gelation using the exposure of chitin solution to non solvent vapour. The elaborated gels with these processes have been compared in term of morphology using a multi scale approach (area shrinkage, thickness, release properties – diffusion coefficient, apparent Young's modulus, SAXS, WAXS). The influence of solvent and non solvent kinetics on the gel structure during elaboration process explained the difference observed between the gels. Mass transfer modelling during gelation process has been developed. It lead to the quantification of the non solvent penetration and solvent evaporation and to the simulation of the concentration profiles with time in chitin solutions during gelation
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Boyer, Fanny Marie. "Relations socio-affectives en milieu familial : vers un modèle éco-systémique du développement psychosocial du jeune enfant." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21396.
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Au cours des trois dernières décennies, les principales perspectives d'étude du développement psychosocial du jeune enfant se sont surtout intéressées à la dyade mère-enfant et plus récemment à la dyade père-enfant. Si l'influence de chacun de ces partenaires a pu être mis en évidence, la majorité de ces études ne considèrent qu'isolement ces relations, omettant ainsi une réflexion sur le système social dans lequel sont prises et se développent ces différentes relations interpersonnelles. L'étude du système familial apparaît aujourd'hui essentielle à poursuivre dans notre compréhension du développement psychosocial précoce. Notre recherche est une proposition d'application empirique du modèle écosystémique du développement. Des familles françaises (N=52) et québécoises (N=41) ayant un enfant âgé de 18 à 42 mois ont participé à notre étude. Nous avons ainsi cherché à mettre en évidence l'interdépendance du couple conjugal, des pratiques éducatives du couple parental et des relations socio-affectives du jeune enfant avec ses parents. Une analyse centrée sur les variables, puis centrée sur le sujet, nous a permis de souligner l'aspect multidimensionnel et systémique de ces différentes relations familiales. Nos analyses soulignent le pouvoir prédictif important de chacun de nos sous-systèmes sur le développement socio-affectif de l'enfant. Nous dégageons ainsi deux modèles de fonctionnement : un premier basé sur le rôle médiateur des pratiques éducatives dans l'influence du couple conjugal sur le développement de l'enfant, et un second basé sur l'interaction du couple conjugal et des pratiques éducatives. Nos résultats sont discutés dans une perspective éco-systémique du développement psychosocial précoceDuring three last decades, the principal prospects for study of the psychosocial development of the young child especially were interested in the dyad mother child and more recently in the dyad father-child. If the influence of each one of these partners could be highlighted, the majority of these studies consider only insulation these relations, thus omitting a reflexion on the social system in which are taken and these various interpersonal relations develop. The study of the family system appears today essential to continue in our comprehension of the early psychosocial development. Our research is a proposal for an application empirical of the eco-systemic model of the development. French families (N = 52) and Quebecois (N = 41) having an old child from 18 to 42 months took part in our study. We thus sought to highlight the interdependence of the marital couple, of the practices educational of the parental couple and the relations socio-emotional of the young child with his parents. An analysis centered on the variables, then centered on the subject, enabled us to underline the multidimensional aspect and systemic of these various family relations. Our analyses underline the important predictive capacity of each one of our subsystems on the development socio-emotional of the child. We release two models of operation thus : a first based on the mediator role of the educational practices in the influence of the marital couple on the development of the child, and a second based on the interaction of the marital couple and the educational practices
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Olsson, Johan, and Tommy Åhlén. "Laws, relations & education : A qualitative study of pension fund advising." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23101.
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In 2000, more then 4 million Swedish citizens were given the responsibility to invest a part of their earned money in the new premium pension system. With limited knowledge in financial markets was it now up to the people themselves to decide how to invest. Due to the citizens lack of knowledge lead them to a passive behavior. This meant a new role for the financial institutions and the advising that followed. Since the start, there has been constant debates on how well the system has been working and who it has been beneficial to.With the new role of the pension advisors the problem question was stated as: considering the customers’ knowledge and understanding of the financial factors, how has the advising of premium pension funds evolved since 2000? With the sub question: what role will the future of pension funds advising have?The aim of the study is to research how the knowledge among the Swedish public has changed, how the perception of risk has altered, how the trust and confidence among financial advisors have changed, what importance new laws and regulations have had, and how the relations between customer and advisors has developed with the uneven knowledge. The future of pension advising will be investigated.This study has a qualitative approach with seven semi-structured interviews with different institutions that are related to pension saving. Due to the nature of the study a hermeneutic approach and abductive perspective is obliged.The respondents have observed the level of knowledge among the public to be low, however has it gotten better. The laws and licenses implemented has changed how pension advisors are working, and increased the confidence for advisors. For the future, a majority of the advisors are calling for the government to take the responsibility on educating the public in private economy. This would, according to the respondents, simplify the advisors job. The insufficient level of knowledge has created both problems and opportunities for advisors. The trouble with a product/service such as advising its complexity, which makes it hard for the institutions to explain, and for the customers to understand it. Therefore, the authors agree with the respondents, to educate the Swedish citizens in order for them to understand the opportunity that is in front of them.
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Demény, Gyöngyvér. "Une analyse quantitative et qualitative de l'incertitude sociale : Perspectives comparatives européennes." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUEL040.
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L'augmentation de l’incertitude et de l'insécurité est considérée comme une caractéristique spécifique des sociétés de la modernité avancée. Nous nous focalisons sur le rôle du lien social et celui des opinions relatives aux institutions dans la perception et l'expérience de l'incertitude sociale. Le cadre théorique de notre analyse est constitué par les théories sur les sociétés de la modernité avancée (Beck, Giddens, Lianos, Castel, Inglehart). La thèse comprend une analyse des données de la recherche « L’incertitude et l’insécurité en Europe » (Lianos, Bozatzis, Dobre, Vicsek). Nous avons mené des comparaisons à deux niveaux, entre des sociétés arrivées à des niveaux différents de la modernisation (le Royaume-Uni, la France, la Grèce et la Hongrie), ainsi qu'au sein du même pays selon les caractéristiques différentes du lien social et selon les différentes opinions relatives aux institutions. Il y a des différences dans les opinions sur les aspects de l'incertitude, de la complexité, du lien social et dans les opinions concernant les institutions selon le pays et des caractéristiques sociodémographiques. Nous analysons les relations entre les opinions sur l'incertitude sociale et les opinions sur certains aspects normatifs du lien social, qui représentent des choix entre la « socialité directe » et la « socialité institutionnelle » (Lianos), ainsi qu'entre les opinions sur l'incertitude sociale et les opinions concernant les institutions. L'incertitude est moins accentuée dans certains cas spécifiques, selon la présence de la complexité, quand il s’agit des choix d’un type de socialité en comparaison avec des choix correspondant à un autre type de socialité, ainsi que dans les cas des opinions favorables envers les institutions en opposition avec les opinions défavorables envers les institutionsThe increase of uncertainty and insecurity is considered a distinctive feature of late modern societies. We are focusing on the role of the social bond and of opinions on institutions in the perception and experience of social uncertainty. The theoretical framework of our analysis is constituted by theories on late modern societies (Beck, Giddens, Lianos, Castel, Inglehart). The thesis includes an analysis of data of the research project « Uncertainty and Insecurity in Europe » (Lianos, Bozatzis, Dobré, Vicsek). We conducted comparisons at two levels, between societies that are at different levels of modernization (United-Kingdom, France, Greece and Hungary) as well as in the case of the same country by different characteristics of the social bond and by different opinions on institutions. There are differences in the opinions on aspects of uncertainty, of complexity and of the social bond, as well as in the opinions on institutions by country and by socio-demographic characteristics. We analyze the relations between the opinions on social uncertainty and the opinions on normative aspects of the social bond, that correspond to choices between "direct sociality" and "institutional sociality" (Lianos), and between opinions on social uncertainty and opinions towards institutions. There are cases when uncertainty is less pronounced in specific cases depending on the presence of complexity and on the type of sociality chosen by the respondent, as well as in the case of respondents with opinions that are favorable towards institutions as opposed to those who are unfavorable
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Larcher, Denis. "Analyse de conversation et thérapie familiale systémique : éléments théoriques et épistémologiques, et étude comparative de quatre extraits d'entretiens thérapeutiques." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080997.
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Cette these est l'etude de la therapie familiale systemique en tant que discours therapeutique. A la suite du travail de w. Labov et d. Fanshel (1977), nous avons decrit des entretiens de therapie familiale systemique afin de savoir ce qui les caracterise d'un point de vue linguistique. Apres des considerations methodologique, nous avons etudie le corpus (quatre debuts d'entretiens de therapie systemique) en essayant de degager le type de discours. L'etude du couple q-r nous a permis de voir que le therapeute occupait une position centrale dans la conversation. C'est lui qui organise les tours de parole, en s'appuyant justement sur la position questionnaire. De meme, c'est lui qui choisit les themes de conversation. Enfin il peut interrompre ses interlocuteurs. Des strategies et tactiques de conversation ont aussi ete etudiees. Utilisation du "mais" et du "et" par le therapeute, en debut de question. Tactiques et strategies de differenciation et d'objectivationThis thesis is the study of systemic family therapy as a therapeutic discourse. After the book of w. Labov and d. Fanshe l (1977), we have described some discussions of systemic family therapy in order to know their linguistic characteristic s. After some methodological considerations, we have studied the corpus (four beginnings of therapeutic discussions) in order to try to make emerge the type of discourse. The study of the couple q-r permited us to see that the therapist occupies a central position in the conversation. He organizes the turn-taking, relying precisely on the questionnary position. He chooses the themes of conversation. Finally he can interrupt his speakers. Strategies and tactics of conversation have also been studied. Using of "mais" and "et" by the therapist, in the beginning of the question. Tactics and strategies of differentiation and objectivation
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McDonald, Brian R. "A qualitative study of clergy career satisfaction, functioning, and clergy-congregant relations." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154130.
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Hatem, Kristin Rene Watson. "Portrait of women in selected public relations literature: a qualitative content analysis." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345044771.
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Arnaud, Laurence. "Etude des relations entre l'atteinte des cibles cellulaires et la répartition par voie phloémienne d'un herbicide systémique : le glyphosate." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10202.
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Le glyphosate est un herbicide systemique phloemien qui inhibe tres efficacement la 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps)(ec-2. 5. 1. 19). Le glyphosate peut penetrer passivement dans les espaces aqueux internes de la mitochondrie, du chloroplaste et du thylakoide. Dans la cellule isolee de cambium d'erable en culture, existe une activite epsps bien mesurable. Le glyphosate tue ce type de cellule pour une concentration interne apparente de 200 um. Cependant, la rmn du 31p in vivo permet de voir que l'herbicide est pratiquement absent de la vacuole et que le glyphosate atteind dans le cytosol une concentration de 2 mm, en equilibre diffusionnel avec le milieu. Dans le ble et le tabac, l'epsps est presente dans pratiquement tous les organes et intervient dans la biosynthese des acides amines aromatiques et dans la lignification. La systemie phloemienne du glyphosate qui le deplace vers les zones puits joue un role variable selon les especes et les stades de developpement dans l'expression de la phytotoxicite de cet herbicide. Grace a des varietes de tabac exprimant une epsps bacterienne resistante au glyphosate, le role complexe de l'atteinte de l'epsps racinaire, en fonction des conditions de culture, a pu etre mieux cerne. Dans les divers materiels etudies, sous l'action du glyphosate, l'accumulation de shikimate et de shikimate-3-phosphate atteint des niveaux tres differents. Son role dans le declenchement du processus letal ne semble ainsi pas pouvoir etre constant
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Rougny, Adrien. "Méthodes qualitatives pour la construction et l'analyse des réseaux moléculaires SBGN." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS325/document.
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La construction des réseaux moléculaires à partir de résultats expérimentaux, ainsi que leur analyse en vue d'en exhiber des propriétés émergentes, sont deux tâches fondamentales de la biologie des systèmes. Avec l'augmentation du nombre de données expérimentales, elles ne peuvent plus être réalisées manuellement. Partant de ce constat, un certain nombre de méthodes bioinformatiques visant à les automatiser ont été développées.En parallèle du développement des méthodes, un certain nombre de standards ont vu le jour. Parmi ceux-ci, la Standard Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) se compose de trois langages permettant la représentation des réseaux moléculaires.Les deux langages SBGN les plus couramment utilisés sont SBGN-PD pour la représentation des réseaux de réactions, et SBGN-AF pour celle des graphes d'influences. La notation SBGN, en plus de standardiser la représentation des réseaux, donne l'ensemble des concepts de la biologie des systèmes qui sont le plus souvent utilisés pour exprimer les connaissances du domaine.C'est dans ce cadre général que se placent l'ensemble de nos travaux. Nous avons développé un ensemble de méthodes pour la construction des réseaux moléculaires et l'analyse de leur dynamique. L'ensemble des méthodes que nous proposons reposent sur des formalismes qualitatifs, tels que la logique ou les réseaux d'automates. Ces formalismes on non seulement des bases théoriques solides, mais peuvent aussi être utilisés par de nombreux logiciels.L'ensemble de nos méthodes reposent également sur les concepts biologiques fournis par le standard SBGN, et peuvent ainsi être intégrées dans un même cadre théorique.Nous introduisons d'abord deux ensembles de prédicats qui permettent de traduire n'importe quel réseau SBGN-PD ou SBGN-AF sous la forme d'atomes instanciés. Nous montrons ensuite comment ces deux ensembles peuvent être utilisés pour raisonner automatiquement sur des réseaux moléculaires, en proposant une méthode de transformation automatique des réseaux de signalisation SBGN-PD en graphes d'influences SBGN-AF.Nous présentons ensuite une méthode de construction des réseaux de signalisation à partir de résultats expérimentaux, basée sur la logique du premier ordre. Cette méthode formalise et automatise le raisonnement réalisé par les biologistes à l'aide de règles de raisonnement explicites. Contrairement aux méthodes développées jusqu'à maintenant, celle que nous présentons prend en compte un grand nombre de types d'expériences, tout en permettant la reconstruction de mécanismes moléculaires précis.Puis nous montrons une nouvelle méthode pour le calcul des traces finies et des points attracteurs de réseaux Booléens modélisant des réseaux SBGN-AF et paramétrés à l'aide de principes généraux. Notre méthode repose sur l'utilisation de programmes logiques normaux du premier ordre, qui formalisent ces principes généraux.Enfin, nous proposons deux nouvelles sémantiques qualitatives pour le calcul de la dynamique des réseaux de réactions SBGN-PD, exprimées à l'aide de réseaux d'automates. La première de ces sémantiques étend la sémantique Booléenne des réseaux de réactions en prenant en compte les inhibitions. Quant à la deuxième, elle introduit le concept d'histoire (story) qui offre un nouveau point de vue sur les réseaux de réactions, en permettant de modéliser différents états physiques d'une même entité moléculaire par une seule variable.L'ensemble des méthodes que nous avons développées montrent comment les formalismes qualitatifs, et en particulier la logique, peuvent être utilisés pour raisonner à partir des relations représentées par les réseaux moléculaires, afin de découvrir de nouvelles connaissances en biologie des systèmesTwo fundamental tasks of Systems Biology are the construction of molecular networks from experimental data, and their analysis with a view to discovering their emergent properties. With the increase of available experimental data, these two tasks can no longer be realized by hand. Based on this observation, numerous bioinformatics methods aiming at the automation of these two task have been developped.In parallel, standards aiming at defining and organizing terms of systems biology, or representing networks and mathematical models, have been developped. Among these standards, the Standard Biology Graphical Notation is composed of three languages that allow the representation of molecular networks. The two main SBGN languages are SBGN-PD for the representation of reaction networks, and SBGN-AF for the representation of influence graphs. The SBGN notation not only standardizes the representation of networks, but also gives the concepts of systems biology that are most often used to express knowledge of the field.Our work takes its root in this general background. We have developped a number of methods to construct molecular networks and analyze their dynamics. All the methods that we propose are based on qualitative formalisms, such as logics or automata networks. These formalisms have solid theoretical bases and can be used by numerous pieces of software. All our methods also rely on the biological concepts given by the SBGN standard, and can therefore be blended in the same theoretical framework.First, we introduce two sets of predicates that allow to translate any SBGN-PD or SBGN-AF network into a set of ground atoms. Then, we show how these sets of predicates can be used to reason on networks, by proposing a transformation method of SBGN-PD signaling networks into SBGN-AF influence graphs.Second, we present a first-order logic based method to construct signaling networks from experimental results. This method formalizes and automatizes biologists' reasoning using explicit reasoning rules.On the contrary to existing methods, it allows to take into account numerous types of experimental results while reconstructing precise molecular mecanisms.Third, we show a new method to compute the finite traces and attractor points of Boolean networks that model SBGN-AF networks and that are parameterized using general principles.Finally, we introduce two new qualitative semantics for the computation of the dynamics of SBGN-PD reaction networks. These semantics are expressed using automata networks. The first semantics extends the classical Boolean semantics by taking into account inhibitions. As to the second one, it relies on the concept of story which introduces a new point of view on reaction networks. Indeed, it allows to model different physical states of the same molecular entity using a unique variable.All the methods that we have developped show how qualitative formalisms can be used to reason on the relations represented by molecular networks in order to discorver new knowledge in systems biology
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Newton, Julia. "Homes of Our Own: A Qualitative Journey of Nepali-Bhutanese Refugees to Northeast Ohio." Malone University Undergraduate Honors Program / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ma1462465975.
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Guittard, Laure. "Le dossier de santé détenu par le patient : attentes des acteurs, impact médical, relationnel et systémique." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10297.
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Les conditions d’utilisation et d’accès au dossier du patient ayant profondément évolué, nous avons souhaité évaluer l’impact médical et systémique d’un dossier de santé, géré par le patient, et partagé avec les professionnels de santé. Prenant l’exemple de la prise en charge du cancer du sein, nous avons défini les attentes des acteurs et le format du dossier qui pourrait être confié à la patiente. Un essai randomisé multicentrique a ensuite été réalisé, comparant un groupe de patientes de référence, à un groupe bénéficiant du dossier expérimental. Le dossier élaboré est source d’adhésion et de satisfaction pour les patientes et les médecins. Il a représenté un outil de communication patient-médecin et intra-professionnels et a pu généré de l’anxiété chez certains types de patientes. La qualité de vie, la confidentialité des données ou la consommation de soins sont restées identiques dans les deux groupes. L’étude objective un nouveau format de dossier porté par les patientsThe conditions of use and access to medical records became an important source of interest in the last decade. Our objective was to estimate the impact of a patient-held records, shared with health professionals. Using the example of breast cancer management, we identified practitioners and patients’ expectations and we defined the size of a medical records which could be held by each patient. The synthesis of these works allowed us to set up a randomized controlled trial comparing patients with the usual follow-up and patients holding this new records containing essential information for their follow-up. The patient-held records is a source of membership and satisfaction for the patients and health professionals. It was used as a tool of communication between physicians and patients but could also cause anxiety to some patients. The patient quality of life, the data confidentiality or the care consumption remained identical. A new concept of medical records was revealed by this study
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Ihedioha, Paulinus, and Evelina Husar. "Public Relations Management in Large & Innovative Multinational Corporations : A qualitative & comparative study of Shell, Coloplast & Company A." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-25585.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that affect PR in multinational corporations (MNCs) today, and to explore how the factors affect PR management in the selected MNCs. Method: A qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with PR managers at three multinational corporations. In addition to the primary data, a secondary data search was conducted. Conclusion: Both internal and external factors affect the PR management in large multinational corporations. The internal factors being sector, size, stage of organizational development and culture (Tench & Yeomans, 2009, pp. 24-25). The external factors, largely made up of the public also contain different sources of media. The participating companies all claimed to be largely affected by both internal and external factors; although different factors were more or less forth standing for the companies. The public was also identified as an external factor that plays a very important role as “the other party” in the two-way communication in PR programs, the companies clarified that the public affected both what and how the PR departments communicate.
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Hayes, Ryan L. "A qualitative examination of persuasive messages and ethical responsibility in the public relations industry." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2003. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=3245.
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Inants, Armen. "Qualitative calculi with heterogeneous universes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAMO10/document.
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Représentation et raisonnement qualitatifs fonctionnent avec des relations non-numériques entre les objets d'un univers. Les formalismes généraux développés dans ce domaine sont basés sur différents types d'algèbres de relations, comme les algèbres de Tarski. Tous ces formalismes, qui sont appelés des calculs qualitatifs, partagent l'hypothèse implicite que l'univers est homogène, c'est-à-dire qu'il se compose d'objets de même nature. Toutefois, les objets de différents types peuvent aussi entretenir des relations. L'état de l'art du raisonnement qualitatif ne permet pas de combiner les calculs qualitatifs pour les différents types d'objets en un seul calcul.De nombreuses applications discriminent entre différents types d'objets. Par exemple, certains modèles spatiaux discriminent entre les régions, les lignes et les points, et différentes relations sont utilisées pour chaque type d'objets. Dans l'alignement d'ontologies, les calculs qualitatifs sont utiles pour exprimer des alignements entre un seul type d'entités, telles que des concepts ou des individus. Cependant, les relations entre les individus et les concepts, qui imposent des contraintes supplémentaires, ne sont pas exploitées.Cette thèse introduit la modularité dans les calculs qualitatifs et fournit une méthodologie pour la modélisation de calculs qualitatifs des univers hétérogènes. Notre contribution principale est un cadre basé sur une classe spéciale de schémas de partition que nous appelons modulaires. Pour un calcul qualitatif engendré par un schéma de partition modulaire, nous définissons une structure qui associe chaque symbole de relation avec un domaine et codomain abstrait à partir d'un treillis booléen de sortes. Un module d'un tel calcul qualitatif est un sous-calcul limité à une sorte donnée, qui est obtenu par une opération appelée relativisation à une sorte. D'un intérêt pratique plus grand est l'opération inverse, qui permet de combiner plusieurs calculs qualitatifs en un seul calcul. Nous définissons une opération appelée combinaison modulo liaison, qui combine deux ou plusieurs calculs qualitatifs sur différents univers, en fonction de quelques relations de liaison entre ces univers. Le cadre est suffisamment général pour soutenir la plupart des calculs spatio-temporels qualitatifs connusQualitative representation and reasoning operate with non-numerical relations holding between objects of some universe. The general formalisms developed in this field are based on various kinds of algebras of relations, such as Tarskian relation algebras. All these formalisms, which are called qualitative calculi, share an implicit assumption that the universe is homogeneous, i.e., consists of objects of the same kind. However, objects of different kinds may also entertain relations. The state of the art of qualitative reasoning does not offer a combination operation of qualitative calculi for different kinds of objects into a single calculus.Many applications discriminate between different kinds of objects. For example, some spatial models discriminate between regions, lines and points, and different relations are used for each kind of objects. In ontology matching, qualitative calculi were shown useful for expressing alignments between only one kind of entities, such as concepts or individuals. However, relations between individuals and concepts, which impose additional constraints, are not exploited.This dissertation introduces modularity in qualitative calculi and provides a methodology for modeling qualitative calculi with heterogeneous universes. Our central contribution is a framework based on a special class of partition schemes which we call modular. For a qualitative calculus generated by a modular partition scheme, we define a structure that associates each relation symbol with an abstract domain and codomain from a Boolean lattice of sorts. A module of such a qualitative calculus is a sub-calculus restricted to a given sort, which is obtained through an operation called relativization to a sort. Of a greater practical interest is the opposite operation, which allows for combining several qualitative calculi into a single calculus. We define an operation called combination modulo glue, which combines two or more qualitative calculi over different universes, provided some glue relations between these universes. The framework is general enough to support most known qualitative spatio-temporal calculi
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Gould, Davina Yetter. "A Qualitative Analysis of Trust Issues in the Journalist/Government Communicator Relationship: An Exploratory Study." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000102.
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Steinhauer, Heike Joe. "A Representation Scheme for Description and Reconstruction of Object Configurations Based on Qualitative Relations." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, CASL - Cognitive Autonomous Systems Laboratory, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12446.
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One reason Qualitative Spatial Reasoning (QSR) is becoming increasingly important to Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the need for a smooth ‘human-like’ communication between autonomous agents and people. The selected, yet general, task motivating the work presented here is the scenario of an object configuration that has to be described by an observer on the ground using only relational object positions. The description provided should enable a second agent to create a map-like picture of the described configuration in order to recognize the configuration on a representation from the survey perspective, for instance on a geographic map or in the landscape itself while observing it from an aerial vehicle. Either agent might be an autonomous system or a person. Therefore, the particular focus of this work lies on the necessity to develop description and reconstruction methods that are cognitively easy to apply for a person. This thesis presents the representation scheme QuaDRO (Qualitative Description and Reconstruction of Object configurations). Its main contributions are a specification and qualitative classification of information available from different local viewpoints into nine qualitative equivalence classes. This classification allows the preservation of information needed for reconstruction nto a global frame of reference. The reconstruction takes place in an underlying qualitative grid with adjustable granularity. A novel approach for representing objects of eight different orientations by two different frames of reference is used. A substantial contribution to alleviate the reconstruction process is that new objects can be inserted anywhere within the reconstruction without the need for backtracking or rereconstructing. In addition, an approach to reconstruct configurations from underspecified descriptions using conceptual neighbourhood-based reasoning and coarse object relations is presented.
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Steinhauer, H. Joe. "A representation scheme for description and reconstruction of object configurations based on qualitative relations /." Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/tek1204s.pdf.
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Cholerton, Steven M. "Prosocial behaviour in South African students a qualitative enquiry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002457.
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The central aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative exploration of the prosocial inclinations possessed by young South African students. The literature review argues that traditional approaches to moral responding separate the individual from the social. An alternative approach that reinstates language and ideology is delineated. It is argued that such a paradigm is most appropriate to a study of prosocial responding during a period of social change. Hypothetical moral dilemmas were administered to twenty-nine students. Six students were selected and each was interviewed on two separate occasions. In this way six case studies were developed. The methodological traditions of phenomenology and hermeneutics were employed to analyze the protocols and subsequent interviews. Seven themes descriptive of a moral response were identified. These consisted of moral reasoning, empathy, mood, guilt, alienation, a sense of group-identity, and ambiguity regarding the relative interests of self versus other. These themes are fully discussed in terms of the literature. It is concluded that moral reasoning may be insufficient to motivate prosocial behaviour. Conventional moral narratives may be appropriated in order to make sense of conflicting emotions. Empathy was identified as a necessary but not sufficient condition for a prosocial response. Empathy might translate into either sympathy or personal distress. Mood was found to largely dictate attentional focus. Alienation was found to be a defensive formulation that inhibits the emergence of sympathy. Guilt might precipitate an alienated posture. It was found that guilt might be attributed to group-identity and thereby denied. Tension between a self- and other-oriented response, or between blame and sympathy, was common. It is suggested that this ambiguity reflects ideological contradictions that have been internalized. It is postulated that during periods of social change such contradictions are accentuated.
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Ali, Inass. "Customer relationship management : a qualitative cross-case analysis in the UK and Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/796.
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The current study focuses on customer relationship management initiatives in different organizations and in different countries. A proposed CRM model was adopted and used to evaluate the CRM initiatives of the chosen organizations in both Saudi Arabia and the UK. The scope of this research was affected by the differing levels of cooperation received from the organizations which participated in the case studies, thereby resulting in differing sizes of the said case studies. The adopted CRM conceptual model was used to evaluate the level of CRM maturity in the organizations studied. This model is believed to be a significant contribution to the theory and field of CRM. This model could be used by organizations to evaluate their CRM initiatives and assess their CRM readiness and status. The proposed CRM model specifies the basic parameters of the CRM sequential stages and their essential supporting conditions. Another important contribution of the study is that it identifies and highlights the potential effects of the cultural disparities existing between Saudi Arabia and the UK on CRM initiatives yet to be undertaken in both countries. In depth open-ended questions were used to collect the data. The analysis of the data gathered went through two main stages. The first stage was to transcribe the data collected from all the organizations chosen and produce detailed write-ups for each case. In every case the write-ups were similarly structured to help the researcher in the second stage, the cross-case analysis. The cross-case analysis was based on the researcher’s proposed conceptual CRM model. The central research question for this study is: Why and how do CRM initiatives succeed or fail? In order to answer this question, the following research questions were formulated and answers were deduced from the findings and results of the qualitative analysis conducted: RQ1: What are the critical success factors of CRM initiatives? The answers received resulted in the emergence of some critical success factors, such as: 1. Senior Management Support 2. Business Plan and Vision 3. Making the Change in Small Steps 4. Inter Departmental Collaboration 5. Clear Ownership of Data 6. Training for End-users 7. End Users' Acceptance of Change 8. Degree of Analysis and Customer Segmentation 9. Degree of Alignment 10. Language Considerations 11. Internet Presence RQ2: What are the common difficulties when adopting a CRM initiative? The answers came up with the following common difficulties: 1. Resistance to Change 2. Human Errors in Feeding the System 3. Governmental Legislation 4. Cultural Barriers RQ3: What does CRM mean for different organizations? The answers exposed a common interesting finding that different organizations considered CRM to be different things. Some considered CRM to be branded CRM software, others as call-centers, yet others as loyalty programs and/or simple tools to manage and satisfy customers. This confirmed that CRM meant different things to different organizations. RQ4: Is CRM the right solution for every organization? The answers proved that if branded software from recognized vendors only was to be recognized as CRM, then this standard and rigid kind of CRM could not always be implemented by all organizations. On the other hand, if the managerial concepts behind CRM were to be taken into consideration, then CRM could indeed be implemented by every organization.
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Belentschikow, Valentin. "Zur Wahrnehmung strategischer CSR-Aktivitäten und deren Kommunikation." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-172602.
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Die vorliegende Untersuchung behandelt die Fragestellung, welche grundlegenden Konzepte die Wahrnehmung von gesellschaftlicher Verantwortungsübernahme von Unternehmen (Corporate Social Responsibility) und deren Kommunikation beeinflussen. Am Beispiel der Energiebranche sowie einem qualitativen Forschungsansatz folgend, wurden mittels Experteninterviews, Inhalts- und Frameanalysen und Leitfadeninterviews die drei Konzepte ‚CSR als Freiwilligkeit’, ‚CSR als Verpflichtung’ und ‚CSR als Zweckorientierung’ identifiziert und deren Beziehungen untereinander herausgearbeitet. Durch die entsprechenden Zuschreibungen der drei Konzepte entstehen sowohl positive als auch negative Beziehungspfade, wobei erstere die ethische (Selbst-)Verpflichtung und die sinnstiftende Zweckorientierung hervorheben, während letztere den öffentlichen Druck auf Unternehmen und eine wahrgenommene Instrumentalisierung kommunikativer Maßnahmen thematisieren. Das daraus resultierende Wahrnehmungsmodell erklärt die Widersprüchlichkeiten und Gemeinsamkeiten der Konzepte und stellt einen Erklärungsansatz für die grundlegende Skepsis gegenüber CSR-Aktivitäten und insbesondere den entsprechenden Kommunikationskampagnen vorThe presented analysis deals with the perception of strategic CSR-activities and CSR-communication campaigns. Using a qualitative approach and exploring the field of the energy sector in Germany, data was gathered from expert interviews (communication officers & CSR-experts), content and frame analysis (media resonance, blogosphere, online chats, website analysis) and guided interviews. Conclusively, three concepts were identified: CSR as a voluntary act (perceived self-commitment based on corporate ethics), CSR as an obligation (engagement based on public pressure) and CSR as an instrument (sense-making engagement, instrumentalization for reputational goals). The compiled model illustrates linkages and relationships between these concepts and offers an explanatory approach for the fundamental skepticism towards strategic CSR-activities and related communication campaigns
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Carles, Alexis. "Cooperating over water: from a quantitative analysis to a qualitative study of the Okavango River Basin." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209267.
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The thesis explores the reasons why states cooperate rather than fight over transboundary water resources. Through a mixed-method research involving both quantitative and qualitative analytical tools, the research shows that states tend to cooperate with one another when (a multidimensional conceptualisation of) interstate power relations are more symmetric, amongst other power-asymmetry arguments. They also tend to cooperate more than others when there exist a high disparity in the level of development between riparian states, and when their relations are characterised by high levels of economic interdependence.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Simpson, Mhairi F. "Experiences of carers of people with lung cancer : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/24515.
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Background: Providing unpaid care for a spouse, partner, relative or friend is a day-to-day reality. Carers in the context of cancer have a similar profile to carers in the UK. Lung Cancer is a low profile cancer but yet is the second most common cancer in Scotland associated with social deprivation, poverty, therapeutic nihilism, and stigma. The significant contribution by carers of people affected by cancer has resulted in their recognition as “partners in the delivery of care”. Aim: To explore the experiences of the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer from a carer’s perspective. Methods: Unstructured interviews were undertaken with 15 carers of relatives with a lung cancer diagnosis. The individual with lung cancer identified carers. Data were analysed using a qualitative design and analysis in the grounded theory tradition. Findings: Analysis of data from the carers indicated that whilst carers are engulfed by the cancer experience and face barriers and deficits of care, they have illustrated and demonstrated that they have their own assets, which are further enhanced by community and societal resources. Five categories were identified and a sense of carer resilience emerged. Subsequently the theory developed was fostering carer resilience in lung cancer care. Discussion: Resilience emerged in carers at a time of increasing interest within the wider context of health and social care. Although resilience is not a new concept there are a lack of studies including carers in a cancer context and until now none in lung cancer. Resilience cannot and should not be fostered by one professional group and therefore an opportunity exists for collaboration between agencies involved in the provision of services for carers of relatives with cancer. The limitations of the study are acknowledged. Conclusion: The findings from this study have implications for practice beyond healthcare and as Scotland embarks upon health and social care integration it is perhaps an opportune time to develop that. Findings highlighted the potential, strengths, interests, abilities and capacity of carers rather than their limitations. Future research could look specifically at resilience in carers of relatives with lung cancer in addition to testing interventions to enhance carers’ resilience.
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Williams, Sean David. "Beyond Klout: A Qualitative Exploration of Influence, Online or Offline." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1428922753.
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Wu, Chui-ying Joyce, and 胡翠瑩. "A qualitative study on a supportive group for post-secondary students with and without disabilities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014607.
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Sionneau, Bernard. "Risque-pays et prospective internationale : theorie et application (la republique socialiste du viet nam)." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CNAM0347.
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Les crises recentes et mal anticipees qui, entre 1994 et 1998 ont secoue les marches emergents et menace le systeme financier international, ont suscite d'abondantes critiques a l'encontre des professionnels du risque-pays, accuses de n'avoir pas su les anticiper. Pour autant, et a la decharge de ces experts, un constat s'impose : l'evaluation du risque-pays est devenue une activite particulierement complexe. Inscrite - dans un contexte d'apres-guerre froide, de dereglementation et de globalisation - a la charniere de realites mondiales et nationales, de logiques privees et d'interets souverains, elle necessite de manipuler de nombreux facteurs et acteurs interagissant simultanement; elle requiert egalement de mobiliser une somme impressionnante de donnees (quantitatives et qualitatives) concernant ces forces. C'est donc pour tenter de completer les methodes traditionnelles d'evaluation du risque-pays en integrant les elements precites, mais aussi pour dissiper les zones d'ombre entourant une activite professionnelle mal connue, que ce travail de recherche a ete realise. L'introduction generale contient des precisions de nature semantique, situe le sujet, ainsi que les objections et demandes faites par rapport a son traitement. La premiere partie de la these dresse un bilan des pratiques du risque-pays. La deuxieme partie propose une theorie du risque-pays et une methode d'analyse prospective destinee a l'evaluer. Dans la troisieme partie, la demarche mono-pays proposee prend pour terrain d'application et test de validite le viet nam. La conclusion generale de la these souligne l'interet de la demarche theorique et methodologique en fonction de l'evolution du risque-pays et des resultats obtenus dans l'application au cas du viet nam.
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Baigent, Dave. "Gender relations, masculinities and the Fire Service : a qualitative study of firefighters' constructions of masculinity during firefighting and in their social relations of work." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2001. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/283598/.
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This thesis is a qualitative study of firefighters, and focuses on how firefighters, a predominantly male, white and able-bodied group with popular public support, form tight knit teams on and off the fireground, and their motivations for so doing. It is also a study of gender, which aims to describe and deconstruct masculinity. In part the thesis was undertaken with a view to assisting the fire service (specifically the few women who are firefighters) with its difficulties in relation to equal opportunities. One understanding the thesis provides is that firefighters bond around a common professional ethos: to provide an efficient service to help the public. To achieve this, firefighters form informal hierarchies through which they create protocols for firefighting, thus setting the standards for what comprises a ‘good firefighter’: a label firefighters test themselves against when they ‘get in’ to fight a fire. However, before firefighters can achieve this they must first access the skills of firefighting (which experienced firefighters are pleased to hand on), but only after a newcomer ‘fits in’ with the agendas of the informal hierarchy, some of which have little to do with firefighting. However, there is a second view, and this suggests that ‘fitting in’ and ‘getting in’ to pass the test of being seen as a ‘good firefighter’ also coincides with the way firefighters form their masculinity. This then provides a second common cause amongst firefighters, and so might explain why firefighters gather so successfully under the umbrella of their union to resist their officers’ attempts to deskill and cut the fire service. Cuts would limit firefighters’ ability both to fight fires as they currently do and to pass the test of being a ‘good firefighter’. Thus blocking a third central but unacknowledged element: that of masculinity. This analysis involves a discussion of class, and recognition that antagonistic relations between officers and firefighters are not only economic, but are also about petty dividends involving power, status and gender construction. The conclusion provides a comprehensive overview to suggest that firefighters form their masculinity by acting at work in the way they subjectively judge that they are seen, by themselves, their peer group and the public. In so doing, they set themselves apart from the ‘others’ who cannot meet their expectations. It is these ‘special people’, as identified by both firefighters and others that this thesis has studied, a group of ‘special’ men and women.
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Hodges, Jennifer T. "Quantitative and qualitative aspect of language input to late talking toddlers during play /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2001. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1404997.
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Sheriko, Matthew. "Accounts of PR Practices and Challenges by Senior Managers: A Qualitative Exploratory Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32772.
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Small nonprofit organizations are faced with limited resources and budgets for setting and reaching their goals. Some are nevertheless able to mitigate these challenges and achieve success. This thesis examines how this can be done. Organizations with excellent public relations programs have been found to be successful in achieving their goals (Grunig et al., 2002). Through the lens of the excellence model, this thesis analyzes, using in depth, semi-structured interview data, how senior managers of seven successful small nonprofits account for their success and address challenges as well as how their practices reflect the excellence model. This thesis does not test the excellence model in the context of small nonprofits, but rather attempts to establish recommendations for communication and PR success for small nonprofits based on what is learned from a small group of successful organizations.
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Carter, Danon R. "The influence of servant leadership on employee engagement| A qualitative phenomenological study of restaurant employees." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3570203.
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Servant leadership is one leadership philosophy, which addresses the concerns of ethics, customer experience, and employee engagement while creating a unique organizational culture where both leaders and followers unite to reach organizational goals without positional or authoritative power. With employees viewed as one of the greatest assets for organizations, maintaining loyal, productive employees while balancing profits becomes a challenge for leaders, and drives the need to understand employee engagement drivers. The experiences of 11 employees and two managers from Celebration Restaurant in Dallas, Texas explored the qualitative phenomenological study of servant leadership and its influence on employee engagement. The modified van Kaam method contributed to data analysis, which examined manager and employee responses for comparison and assessment. The themes that emerged from interviews and focus groups found were:
1. Servant Leader Experience;
2. Why People Stay at Celebration;
3. Servant Leader Traits;
4. Impact of Servant Leadership;
5. Application of Servant Leadership.
The themes revealed servant leadership positively influences employee engagement while contributing to employee loyalty to the workplace. Based on the servant leader experience, participants were more committed, built healthy work relationships, and actively participated in achieving organizational goals.
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Moeschberger, Scott L. "Forgiveness in Northern Ireland : a qualitative approach to building a theoretical model." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1337185.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a theoretical understanding of the relationship between empathy, cross-community contact, and religiosity and the impact on forgiveness for Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland. Based on the existing literature, three distinct guiding questions emerged: 1) "How are members from the Catholic and Protestant communities conceptualizing and defining forgiveness?", 2) "What role does religion and religiosity play in the conceptualization and process of forgiving members of the Protestant or Catholic communities?" and 3) "How does contact with members of the Catholic or Protestant community impact forgiveness and empathy?"Using a snowball sampling method, 17 participants ages 19-30 were identified and interviewed for 60-90 minutes. A modified grounded theory design was used to guide data collection and analysis, resulting in several main themes. The main themes that emerged from this study included a deeper understanding of forgiveness and the peace process from the perspective of participants, glimpses into the influences on their likeliness to forgive, and insight into the impact of cross-community contact. Forgiveness was universally valued by all participants, although this importance was balanced with concerns related to the interrelationships between politics, the peace process, justice, and the definition of forgiveness.Forgiveness was primarily defined by participants as the right of the individual, and as a means to interrupt a cycle of revenge. Among these responses to this topic, there was uncertainty about whether forgiveness could take place without an apology, and even greater confusion about whether forgiveness and justice could exist side-by-side. In addition, cross-community contact also seemed to influence the development of empathy and forgiveness between Catholics and Protestants. These findings were discussed in relation to Allport's (1954) contact hypothesis and Dixon et al.'s (2005) recent critique of the contact literature. In general, these results appeared to be consistent with previous literature on forgiveness, the contact hypothesis, and collective guilt assignment. There was evidence to indicate that contact was a necessary, but not sufficient condition for forgiveness. Limitations for the study and implications for practice and research are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Tee, Keng Kok. "Motivations for Corporate Social Reporting and Non-Reporting in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study From a Public Relations Perspective." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2573.
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Corporate social reporting, embracing the triple bottom line reporting concept, entails the reporting of economic, social and environmental performance as opposed to the more narrow focus on conventional financial reporting. Many corporations are now engaging in environmental and social reporting in an effort to communicate the social and environmental effects of organisations‟ operations to particular interest groups within society. The main objective of this thesis is to examine corporate motivations and hesitations to undertake social reporting in Malaysia. Most studies have so far applied quantitative method on themes identification to determine rationales for corporate social reporting. Little attention has been given to in-depth primary and secondary data to understand rationales for corporate social reporting in a national context. In addition to motivation, this study fills the gap in the literature by investigating corporate reluctance for social reporting. A qualitative approach was adopted for this study. A mixed method of data collection, consisting of both semi-structured interviews and corporate social reports, was used. A total of 20 interviews were conducted with representatives of six reporting and six non-reporting corporations, and eight non-corporate respondents representing the Malaysian political and social sectors. In addition to primary data, corporate social information in annual reports and corporate websites of six reporting corporations was also collected to support the interviews. Thematic analysis was applied to identify salient themes to explain both corporate motivation and hesitation for social reporting. The analysis was divided into two levels: corporation and society. At the corporate level, results identify public relations as the central motivation for social reporting. More specifically, the concepts of image and identity, issues management, two-way symmetrical and asymmetrical communication, autocommunication, and publicity are used to explain the adoption of social reporting. Image and identity and issues management were also among the concepts applied to explain corporate hesitation for social reporting. However, the results also support stockholder theory and reveal the lack of public relations understanding to be the cause of the low acceptance of social reporting. In-depth analysis revealed organisational legitimacy as the main reason to explain both motivation and hesitation for social reporting. Corporations require stakeholder support for their continual existence. At the societal level analysis, the concept of political economy was applied to explain the limited social reporting practice in the Malaysian context. Finally, the implications for both practising as well as neglecting social reporting are discussed using the concept of the risk society.
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Cookman, Craig Alan. "Attachment structures of older adults: Theory development using a mixed qualitative-quantitative research design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185906.
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This study used a mixed qualitative-quantitative design to describe attachment in a sample of one-hundred fifty-four healthy community-living older adults. Life-span development and attachment theory combined to define the philosophical and theoretical orientation that guided the investigation. The idea of an "attachment structure" was conceptualized by the investigator to frame attachment--an approach that allowed attachment to involve multiple attachment objects from any or all of six different attachment object types (things, ideas, people, groups of people, animals, or places). The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the attachment structure as it presented in, and developed in later life. In phase one of the study, 154 older adults were administered a questionnaire designed to elicit descriptive information about the newly conceptualized "attachment structure". This information was used to guide theoretical sampling in the qualitative, second phase. In phase two, a grounded theory methodology was used to explore the developmental changes that occurred in attachment structures in later life. Sixteen subjects from phase one were selected, based on their responses to the quantitative phase, as those subjects most likely to advance the theory developing focus of this study. Analysis supported the attachment structure as a meaningful representation of socio-emotional development in later life. The existence of multiple attachment objects of multiple object types was supported by both quantitative and qualitative data. Significantly, in addition to close family and friends, subjects reported attachments to ideas like independence and freedom. A grounded process called "reconfiguring" was identified from qualitative analysis that described how older people make changes in their attachment structures to maintain a sense of security in the face of diminishing contact with attachment objects. Two pathways, the structural stimulation pathway and the reconfiguring pathway, describe the dynamics of the attachment structure. The reconfiguring pathway was identified as a developmental resource of aging--a process available to older people to address developmental challenges in aging that affect one's quality and quantity of interaction with attachment objects.
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Wier, Stewart Scott. "Object relations middle group and attachment theory : gender development, spousal abuse and qualitative research on youth crime." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14759/.
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The basis to Freud's view that men and women are essentially separate entities with their own unique psychological construction and human potential which arises from their anatomical differences, will be challenged from the paradigm of object relations theory and related research from attachment theory. It will be argued that while a substantive understanding of gender development and the related issue of spousal abuse are influenced by such important factors as patriarchal domination, social oppression, socialized roles, and economic inequality between the sexes, these forces are considered to have a secondary psychological effect when compared with the formative influence of early object relations. The object relational paradigm to be outlined is that it is the distinctive emotional impact of the contents and attitudes that occur between the members of each family that establish the blueprints for subsequent feelings about oneself and others, from which particular relational patterns with others are pursued and acted upon within the larger social structure. Freud may be credited for his recognition and pioneering systematic investigation into the central importance of the unconscious in the development and functioning of human beings. Beyond this being a theoretical entity that is devoid of any scientific rigour which cannot be tested, proven, and therefore accepted as a legitimate therapeutic modality, information will be offered that suggests otherwise. Spousal relationships in which abuse constitutes a chronic pattern of interaction between the persons involved is understood to occur within contemporary North American society as a collusive arrangement between two emotionally impaired individuals. The argument will be made that they enter into an unconscious dialogue wherein each perpetrates and perpetuates the hopes and disappointments of their own and their partner's past intrapsychic relational experiences. Incarceration alone does not serve the emotional needs of young offenders, but instead, generally provides conditions which advance what is accepted, within this paper, to be a frequently disturbed psychic structure. The emphasis within the Canadian correctional system seems to emphasize incarceration over rehabilitation with the expectation that punishing those who break the law will result in an abstention from such acts in the future. The argument will be presented that in addition to ensuring public safety through imprisonment for some, there is mounting evidence which demonstrates the success of treatment programmes both within and outside of correctional institutions for those who break the law, and whose primary emphasis is on treatment and rehabilitation rather than detention and retribution. Contrary to therapeutic intervention being carried out as an adjunct to existing penal institutions, or that it be directed principally at the conscious acquisition of skills and information, it is proposed that such efforts are best administered within 2 comprehensive therapeutic environments. Further, it will be argued that rather than the previous and current emphasis which is directed primarily at a cognitive and behavioural level of the offender, it is the emotional foundation of the individual which has a direct influence on their long-term behaviour. Therefore, this aspect should constitute a fundamental component of the treatment program for the forensic patient for which psychoanalytic psychotherapy may play an important role.
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Schmidt, Beatriz. "Coparenting across the transition to parenthood : qualitative evidence from South-Brazilian families." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165921.
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Coparenting emerges across the transition to parenthood and refers to the way individuals coordinate, support each other in their parental roles and share responsibility in childrearing. Despite the increase in research on coparenting, relatively few studies have focused on non- North American or non-European families, which has hindered practice and policy targeting diverse countries. Likewise, qualitative research on coparenting is relatively rare, yet critical to shed light on details and complexities not well captured by other methods, including insights into sociocultural factors linked to coparenting in distinct contexts. Moreover, a qualitative longitudinal approach is particularly well suited to examine important life course transitions and turning points, such as the transition to parenthood. To address these gaps, we investigated coparenting across the transition to parenthood in South-Brazilian families, using a qualitative, longitudinal, multiple case study. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 first-time mother and fathers (six nuclear families altogether), at 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum (36 interviews altogether). In two families only the father was employed, with the mother caring for the child; in two families both parents were employed, and they hired a nanny to care for the child in their home; and, in two families both parents were employed, and the child started attending daycare at the end of maternity leave. Through the two articles that comprise the current doctoral dissertation, we explored three components of Feinberg’s (2003) coparenting framework: division of labor (how parents divide childcare tasks and household chores, as well as their satisfaction with this division); agreement/disagreement (e.g., regarding children’s emotional needs and discipline); and, support/undermining (appreciation and cooperation, or criticism and competition). The first article is focused on the division of labor, whereas the second is focused on agreement/disagreement and support/undermining. Deductive thematic analysis revealed similarities and singularities between families. As presented in the first article, we found weaker sharing of household chores over time, against greater sharing of childcare tasks during the first few days postpartum, followed by a downward tendency in the fathers’ contributions during the first few months postpartum. This more unequal division of labor remained stable over time only for families who had chosen maternal care, changing after the end of maternity leave for families who had chosen nanny care and daycare. Parental satisfaction regarding the division of labor remained relatively high over time only for families who had chosen nanny care, which suggests that counting on a domestic worker since the beginning of the transition to parenthood contributed to preventing parental feelings of overload or unfairness across the transition to parenthood. Findings were discussed in the 10 light of the role that instrumental and social support, as well as the prevailing Brazilian gender norms, may play in the division of labor for new parents. With respect to the second article, our findings showed that agreement among parents remained relatively stable during the first year, whereas disagreements concerning discipline demanded more parental negotiation as infants advanced toward toddlerhood. Support and undermining coexisted in the same families, although mothers and fathers expressed undermining differently. Aspects of the ecological context, such as family of origin, instrumental and social support, as well as labor market, also appeared to influence coparenting agreement/disagreement and support/ undermining. Following each article, we presented strengths, limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice (e.g., counseling) and policy (e.g., childcare arrangements and parental leave).
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Delaney, Raymond M. Jr. "A qualitative descriptive case study explaining professional development in community corrections." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3583284.
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This study presents the specific problem surrounding the lack of empirical research for improving engagement and ongoing supervision between criminal justice practitioners and offenders. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive single-case study dissertation aimed to investigate job roles and social contact for improvement of engagement with special needs federal offenders in community corrections. This study used a descriptive framework comprised of, education, training, and leadership and management as a special interest. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews used a purposeful and snowball approach. The participants were 10 criminal justice practitioners, five Case Managers and five United States Probation Officers that provide transitional services to the federal offenders with special needs. Three themes emerged based on the participant’s perceptions and experiences regarding job roles and social contacts with offenders. The themes were as follows: (a) managing offenders and professionalism, (b) influence of education and training, and (c) setting the tone and culture of the organization. The research discovered that a professional rapport is essential for engaging offenders. This study discovered the ramifications of communicating expectations of transitioning into society and its impact on recidivism. Further implications for leadership to consider based on this study is a need for a comprehensive approach for how to properly mange offenders with special needs. Recommendations for seeking appropriate means for offering professional development opportunities for all practitioners in community corrections is proposed to correctional leaders.
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Huckaby, M. Francyne. "Challenging hegemony in education: specific parrhesiastic scholars, care of the self, and relations of power." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4799.
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This dissertation explores how five specific intellectuals challenge hegemony in education and society, and express uncomfortable truths about hegemony faced by local communities in their academic practices. Their actions of free speech in regards to dangerous truths are similar to those of the ancient Greek parrhesiastes. This word, parrhesiastes, was used to describe the male citizen in ancient Greece, who had and used his rights to free speech or parrhesia. The activity of speaking freely, parrhesiazesthai, however, is not without its risks. Such speech is dangerous to the status quo, as well as the parrhesiastes. The activity is engaged despite the consequences and the parrhesiastes faces dangers and risks. It is argued that the five scholars who participated in this study are specific parrhesiastic scholars. They are specific intellectuals in their relations with academia, communities, and movements; and parrhesiastes in their actions to assure their rights to and exercise of freedom. While the ancient parrhesiastes served a critical and pedagogical role in transforming citizens to serve the best interests of the city, the specific parrhesiastic scholar, in the case of these five scholars, argues for changes in society for the benefit of citizens whose interests have been ignored or trampled. Foucault acknowledged that the work of specific intellectuals could benefit the state to the detriment of local communities or could work to transform the state to include the interests of specific communities. Specific parrhesiastic scholars choose the latter. The focus of this study is the intersection of technologies of the self with technologies of power. This intersection, which Foucault terms governmentality, comes closest to a utilitarian exploration of resistance to power and the formation of freedom, and understanding of how individuals negotiate their particular positions in truth games for resistance and freedom. The basic conditions necessary for parrhesiazesthai are "citizenship" and understanding the distinction between positive and negative forms of parrhesia. The parrhesiastic practices of the five scholars are explored through three analytical frames: (1) self-knowledge and resisting repression, seduction, and desire; (2) political activity and tactics; and (3) the self within systems of subjugation.
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Brooks, Constance W. "The impact of people-centered team training on participants' engagement in the relationship requisites of self-development a qualitative evaluation study /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025606.
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Moutouh, Jean. "L'orientation des élèves de classe de seconde à l'aune de l'approche communicationnelle : le cas d'un établissement de l'académie de Montpellier." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30023.
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Ce tapuscrit propose de comprendre par l’approche communicationnelle le choix d’orientation des élèves de seconde d’un établissement de l’académie de Montpellier. Cette recherche est à visée exploratoire, elle part du postulat que le sens donné par l’élève de seconde à son choix d’orientation se construit en situation, ici et maintenant. Nous défendons une position épistémologique de « convention constructiviste ». Nous souhaitons répondre à la problématique suivante : quelles sont les interactions entre l’élève de seconde et le contexte dans lequel il évolue lors de son choix d’orientation ? Nous choisissons la technique d’analyse systémique qualitative des relations humaines permettant la mise en exergue des formes des échanges entre tous les acteurs (humains et idéels) en présence dans la situation observée. Cette analyse fait apparaître la dynamique du système et la règle du jeu qui s’instaure. Les formes des échanges prennent alors une signification lorsqu’elles sont replacées dans le système. Les conclusions issues de cette analyse offrent des angles d’interventions à différents niveaux. L’approche par les SIC d’un objet de recherche principalement étudié en Sciences de l’éducation, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour aborder la thématique de l’orientation, et ce tout le long de la vieThe aim of this typescript is to understand, through a communicative approach, the career choice of "seconde" pupils in the académie of Montpellier. Our exploratory research starts from the fact that the pupils choose their future career on a "here and now" basis. What we have here is the epistemological approach of a constructivist consensus. We will try to answer the following question : What are the interactions between the pupils and their environment at the moment of their career choice?We have chosen the technique of qualitative systemic analysis of human relations to underline the forms of exchange between all the actors (either human or conceptual) present in the observed situation. This analysis brings out the dynamics of the system and the rules that govern it. The exchange forms become meaningful when considered within the system. The conclusions drawn from this analysis provide angles of interventions on different levels. The SIC approach of a research object studied in the light of education Sciences opens up new perspectives in the field of career choice, and this, throughout life
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Nowé, Caroline. "Contribution à l'étude qualitative des représentations/conceptions de l'alternance éducative : apprentissages et organisations de formations : le cas d'apprenants jeunes et adultes dans des dispositifs de l'enseignement supérieur." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50377-2005-27.pdf.
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A travers une approche complexe du système alternance, nous nous proposons de contribuer à la compréhension des représentations d'apprenants dans des dispositifs de formation en alternance postbaccalauréat. Nous choisissons comme point d'entrée le concept de représentation pour appréhender le micro niveau de l'alternance, celui qui concerne l'apprenant et ses interactions avec l'organisation alternance. Celles-ci présentent tous les symptômes de la complexité notamment par l'imprévisibilité et l'aléatoire relatifs qui y règnent. Ainsi, la complexité devient une propriété singulière du domaine du vivant, des hommes, des organisations et des apprentissages qu'ils conçoivent. Mais la complexité n'est pas seulement une propriété naturelle des phénomènes, c'est aussi un changement de regard du point de vue du chercheur. Ainsi, par exemple, dans l'alternance, l'apprenant est confronté à deux mondes, celui de l'école et celui de l'entreprise, mais où la place du tiers, la sienne, reste à construire. Du point de vue de l'apprenant, l'alternance peut ainsi être considérée comme un " entre-deux ", comme une interface entre un " système école" et " un système entreprise" qu'il tente de s'approprier souvent laborieusement en gérant de multiples contradictionsNotre recherche consiste à comprendre et à tenter de modéliser ce que vivent les apprenants en alternance. Nous nous intéressons à leurs visions subjectives, aux scénarios intérieurs qu'ils construisent dans le " système alternance ", leur permettant d'attribuer un sens à leur propre réalité. Notre recherche laisse apparaître que l'apprendre en alternance est un processus complexe de réorganisation du modèle cognitif entre autres. Les temporalités constituent un facteur majeur dans cc processus. Ainsi, la prise de conscience de l'apprentissage est toujours en retard sur l'action, ce qui remet en question les modèles classiques. Les temps conjugués permettent la complexification des représentations initiales qui peuvent alors devenir des conceptions, des représentations en action, davantage finalisées et internes à l'acteur. Dans cette complexification des représentations, la qualité des organisations de formation va jouer un rôle important, en aidant l'apprenant à donner du sens à ce qu'il vit, à développer ses finalités propres À ce titre, il nous semble que la fonction accompagnement des apprenants en alternance devient alors l'enjeu premier
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Viaud, Sophie. "Etude des effets du cyclophosphamide sur l’immunité anti-tumorale : relations avec le microbiote intestinal." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T064.
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Les chimiothérapies conventionnelles anticancéreuses ont été développées dans le but de traiter le cancer par élimination directe et/ou par inhibition de croissance les cellules tumorales en division. Les cellules endothéliales en prolifération à l’origine de la vascularisation intra-tumorale sont également connues pour être sensibles aux effets cytotoxiques des agents anticancéreux. Depuis, de nombreuses études ont montré que certaines thérapies conventionnelles peuvent être exploitées pour leurs capacités anti-angiogéniques (Browder et al. Cancer Research 2000). La stratégie mise en place consiste à suivre des protocoles où la thérapie est administrée à des doses faibles non myéloablatives et plus fréquemment que les thérapies conventionnelles, appelés dosages métronomiques (Hanahan et al. JCI 2000, Gasparini et al. Lancet Oncology 2001). Le cyclophosphamide (CTX) est un agent alkylant communément utilisé en chimiothérapie dans des protocoles à dosage métronomique. Dans les années 1980, 2 études ont montré que le CTX utilisé à dose métronomique pouvait avoir aussi un rôle sur l’immunité en réduisant la fonction suppressive d’une population de lymphocytes T CD4+ dans un modèle expérimental de tumeur (Awwad et al. Cancer Research 1989) et chez des patients atteints de cancer (Berd et al. Cancer Research 1987). Depuis, les connaissances ont progressé et à présent le CTX métronomique est reconnu pour pouvoir limiter l’expansion et les fonctions des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Treg) (Ghiringhelli et al. EJI 2004, Lutsiak et al. Blood 2005) conduisant à une polarisation des cellules T auxiliaires vers un profil Th1 (Matar et al. Eur J cancer 2000 et Cancer Immunol Immunother 2002). Utilisé en association, le CTX métronomique s’avère donc être un outil intéressant dans le traitement anticancéreux (Hermans et al. Cancer Research 2003, Taieb et al. JI 2006). Nos résultats montrent l’importance des lymphocytes T CD4+ sécréteurs d’IL-17 et d’IFNg dans les effets du CTXConventional cancer chemotherapies were developed to target cancer cells either by directly eliminating them or by inhibiting the growth of dividing tumor cells. Proliferating endothelial cells at the origin of intratumoral vascularization are known to be sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic agents. Many studies have shown that some conventional therapies can be exploited for their anti-angiogenic capabilities (Browder et al. Cancer Research 2000). The adopted strategy, called metronomic chemotherapy, consists of administering low doses of drug that do not induce myelosuppression, on a more frequent schedule as compared to conventional therapies (Hanahan et al. JCI 2000, Gasparini et al. Lancet Oncology 2001). Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an alkylating agent commonly used as a metronomic chemotherapy. In the 1980s, two studies demonstrated that when used at a metronomic dosing, CTX could impact the immune response particularly in reducing the suppressive function of a CD4+ T lymphocyte population in an experimental tumour model (Awwad et al. Cancer Research 1989) and in cancer patients (Berd et al. Cancer Research 1987). Since then, knowledge has evolved and now CTX used as a metronomic or low-dose therapy is administered to limit expansion and functions of regulatory T cells (Treg) (Ghiringhelli et al. EJI 2004, Lutsiak et al. Blood 2005), leading to a helper T cell polarization toward a Th1 profile (Matar et al. Eur J cancer 2000 et Cancer Immunol Immunother 2002). When used in combination, CTX turns out to be a potent drug in the antineoplastic treatments armamentarium (Hermans et al. Cancer Research 2003, Taieb et al. JI 2006). Our results demonstrate the importance of CTX effects on IL-17 and IFNg secreting CD4+ T lymphocytes
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Benjamin, Joy Delorenza. "The 2004 Japanese Professional Baseball Collective Bargaining Negotiations: A Qualitative Case Study." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/13.
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Walton and McKersie (1965) defined relationship patterns as those shared attitudes that are important to negotiators when they are interacting together. In the case of the 2004 Japanese Professional Baseball collective bargaining negotiations, Dabscheck (2006) discussed the major issues and events that led to the two (2) day labor strike. However, his article did not describe how the relationship pattern between the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) and the Japanese
Professional Baseball Players Association (JPBPA) changed to facilitate the settlement of the conflict. Along the same vein, researchers (Adair, Brett, & Okumura, 2001; Adair & Brett, 2005; Deck, Farmer, & Zeng, 2009; and Doucet, Jehn, Weldon, & Wang, 2009; Drake, 1995; Neu, 1988; and McDaniel, 2000) attempted to show a link between negotiator behavior from cultural and communication perspectives, however, there was little empirical attention paid to the psychological process, such as thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and attitudes, and its link to negotiator behavior leaving a gap in the existing scholarly literature. To address the gap in Dabscheck's (2006) article and the existing scholarly literature, I utilized Yin's (2009) Case Study Research Approach to qualitative inquiry by analyzing document reviews and engaging collaboratively with research participants through focused interviews to investigate how the relationship pattern in the 2004 Japanese Professional Baseball collective bargaining negotiations changed from the beginning to the end of the conflict if at all.
I found that the NPB and the JPBPA institutional pattern of relationship at the start of the conflict began with a containment-aggression relationship pattern, and over four (4) months, the pattern of relationship did change from containment-aggression to cooperation. Upon further investigation, I found that the NPB and the JPBPA negotiators operated initially in the distributive bargaining sub-process utilizing reinforcement tactics, but over the course of four (4) months, they began to operate in the integrative bargaining sub-process with the utilization of cognitive balance tactics even though the NPB and the JPBPA negotiators never abandoned operating in the distributive bargaining sub-process. In essence, they operated in hybrid distributive and integrative sub-processes at the same time. Moreover, I discovered that the NPB and the JPBPA moved from containment-aggression to cooperation not only because of a change in the NPB's lead negotiator position, but also because of a shared emotional moment between the NPB and the JPBPA negotiators, which initiated a shift away from stalemate. Although environmental factors, such as the media, fans, politicians, and other unions, over the course of four (4) months did not waiver in their support for the resolution of the conflict, the evidence did not directly demonstrate the way that their support and their influence manifested in the collective bargaining negotiations.
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Nordström, Annika. "Violent offenders with schizophrenia : quantitative and qualitative studies focusing on the family of origin." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-298.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of the thesis is on violent offenders with schizophrenia and their relatives. The aims were to explore incidence of violent crimes, the extent to which family members were victims, to investigate individual background factors among violent offenders, and to identify psychotic symptoms and triggering factors associated with fatal violence. In addition, parents were interviewed to build an understanding of their experiences and emotional reactions. One study examined all 369 male individuals who had committed a violent crime (assault, homicide or attempt to any of these crimes), who in a pre-trial forensic psychiatric evaluation (FPE) during 1992-2000 were diagnosed with schizophrenia, and who were referred to forensic psychiatric treatment. Although the majority of the 615 victims was unacquainted to the offenders, family members or male acquainted were most at risk of being severely injured or killed as victims. Background factors were studied for the 207 Swedish offenders who for their first time were subjects of a FPE during the study period. There were indications that those offenders who targeted family members had an earlier onset and more severe course of their mental illness. During the study period, 48 offenders committed homicides. Of the 52 victims, 83% were family members or acquainted to the offender. Those who killed a family member had more often delusions and/or hallucinations, were less often intoxicated, had to a lesser extent committed a previous violent crime and they were younger at the time of the homicide. Parents, who were interviewed, were very emotionally involved in their adult sons, although they were not living together. Ignorance regarding the diagnosis of their son and his criminality negatively influenced the contacts, both between parent and son and between parent and professionals in psychiatry. However, the referral to forensic psychiatric treatment gave the parents hope for a positive development.
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Manly, Tongila M. "Exporting After Trade Missions: A Qualitative Analysis of Small and Medium Enterprises." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1973.
Full textAbstract:
Some U.S. small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participate in trade missions but return with no results. Accordingly, some researchers question the effectiveness of these export promotion programs. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the experiences of SME representatives who had attended a trade mission to South Africa. The research question explored the strategies that SME leaders required to successfully export their goods and services after a trade mission using the conceptual framework of resource-based theory. Snowball sampling was used to recruit and gather interview data from 22 SMEs. Thematic analysis of interview data and document sources, inductively and deductively coded, identified themes of strategic planning processes, country briefings, reasons for being in the country, resources, barriers, positive outcomes, and export commitments. Associated with these themes, 5 stages of the trade mission process and a model of the dynamic relationships in a trade mission emerged, which include recommendations of how to effect change in the process. The results from this study are expected to inform new interventions for export promotion programs for SME exporters. This study promotes social change by preparing SMEs to export, thus building more sustainable U.S. businesses. Applying these findings can support the development of SMEs to export and become long-term exporters benefiting the businesses, employees, and their communities through improved wages and increased tax revenues.