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Journal articles on the topic 'Systemizing quotient'

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Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Janković-Nikolić, Marina. "Empathy and systemizing in preschool children." Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija 19, no. 3 (2020): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/specedreh19-29169.

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Introduction. The Empathizing-Systemizing theory sees empathy and systemizing as two independent dimensions, which can be used for classification into five cognitive profiles or "brain types". Objective. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between empathy and systemizing in preschool children, and to determine gender differences in these abilities and brain types. Method. The sample consisted of 71 children from 5/6 to 7 years of age. Children's versions of the Empathy Quotient - EQ-C and Systemizing Quotient SQ-C (Auyeung et al., 2009) were used to assess empathy and sy

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Auyeung, Bonnie, Simon Baron-Cohen, Emma Chapman, Rebecca Knickmeyer, Kevin Taylor, and Gerald Hackett. "Foetal testosterone and the child systemizing quotient." European Journal of Endocrinology 155, suppl_1 (2006): S123—S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02260.

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This study examines foetal testosterone (fT) levels (measured in amniotic fluid) as a candidate biological factor, influencing sex differences in systemizing. Systemizing is a cognitive process, defined as the drive to analyze or construct systems. A recent model of psychological sex differences suggests that this is a major dimension in which the sexes differ, with males being more drawn to systemize than females. Participants included 204 children (93 female), age 6–9 years, taking part in a long-term study on the effects of fT. The systemizing quotient – children’s version was administered

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Jankovic-Nikolic, Marina, Nenad Glumbic, Tatjana Mentus-Kandic, and Predrag Teovanovic. "The relationship between sex, empathy, systemizing, and autistic traits in primary school children." Psihologija, no. 00 (2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi211113023j.

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sex, empathy, systemizing, and autistic traits in primary school children. The sample included 353 primary school children aged 7-11 years. The children?s versions of the Empathy Quotient - EQ-C, Systemizing Quotient ? SQ-C, and children?s version of the Autism Spectrum Quotient ? AQ- C were used as primary outcome measures. Girls had higher empathy, while boys had higher autistic traits. Empathy and systemizing were moderately positively correlated, but both were good predictors of autistic traits. The effect of sex on autistic t

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Lasmono, Agnes, Raden Irawati Ismail, Fransiska Kaligis, Kusuma Minayati, and Tjhin Wiguna. "Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient in Elementary School Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (2021): 9231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179231.

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This study compares the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ) scores of elementary school children with and without ADHD. The study also examined their brain types and, because sex plays a big role in empathy and systemizing ability, compared the results of the boys and girls. This cross-sectional study involved 122 participants, including 61 parents of children with ADHD and 61 parents of children without ADHD. The EQ, SQ and brain types were obtained using the Empathy and Systemizing Quotient in children (EQ-/SQ-C), validated in the Indonesian language. Data was analyzed using

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Kesumaningsari, Ni Putu Adelia. "Profil Gaya Kognitif Empathizing-Systemizing pada Anak Indonesia." KELUWIH: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 1, no. 2 (2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/soshum.v1i2.3100.

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Abstract—The present study examined Empathizing-Systemizing Theory (E-S Theory) in Indonesian Children. E-S Theory has known as a theory that is attempted to explain the cluster of both the social and non-social features in autism spectrum conditions. Children’s version of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-C) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-C) were administered to 372 Indonesia parents who had typically developed children aged 4-11 years old (boys = 182, girls = 190). The results showed that the girls scored higher that boys on EQ-C . In the case of SQ-C, there were no differences between boys and gir

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Souza, Mirella Castelhano, Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes, José Carlos Amado Martins, et al. "Empathizing and systemizing profiles of Brazilian and Portuguese nursing undergraduates." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 1 (2019): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019833132.

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Aim: To analyze the empathizing and systemizing profiles of Brazilian and Portuguese nursing undergraduates. Background: Empathy is a fundamental skill for nursing practice and should be analyzed during the student’s education. Methods: Descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Participants were 968 undergraduate students, including 215 (22.2%) Brazilians from a university in the state of São Paulo and 753 (77.8%) Portuguese students from a higher education institution in central Portugal. The Portuguese and Brazilian versions of the Empathizing/Systemizing Quotient have good internal con

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Veale, Jaimie F., and Matt N. Williams. "The Psychometric Properties of a Brief Version of the Systemizing Quotient." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 33, no. 3 (2017): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000283.

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Abstract. The construct of systemizing – the drive to construct or understand systems – has an important role in the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism. While a brief version of the Systemizing Quotient (SQ) has been proposed, there is a need to assess its psychometric properties. This study assessed factorial and construct validity of an 8-item version of the SQ on a sample of 627 participants. A single-factor latent variable model with a single correlated error term showed adequate fit in a confirmatory factor analysis. This model also demonstrated metric invariance across genders when cont

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Baron-Cohen, Simon, Jennifer Richler, Dheraj Bisarya, Nhishanth Gurunathan, and Sally Wheelwright. "The systemizing quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high–functioning autism, and normal sex differences." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1430 (2003): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1206.

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Systemizing is the drive to analyse systems or construct systems. A recent model of psychological sex differences suggests that this is a major dimension in which the sexes differ, with males being more drawn to systemize than females. Currently, there are no self–report measures to assess this important dimension. A second major dimension of sex differences is empathizing (the drive to identify mental states and respond to these with an appropriate emotion). Previous studies find females score higher on empathy measures. We report a new self–report questionnaire, the Systemizing Quotient (SQ)

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Ling, Jonathan, Tanya C. Burton, Julia L. Salt, and Steven J. Muncer. "Psychometric analysis of the systemizing quotient (SQ) scale." British Journal of Psychology 100, no. 3 (2009): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/000712608x368261.

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Kesumaningsari, Ni Putu Adelia, Johannes E. A. Stauder, and Franc C. L. Donkers. "“Media Use and the Analytical Brain”: Screen-Based Media Use and Behavioral Preference in Indonesian Children." ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 38, no. 2 (2023): e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v38i2.5671.

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This study aims to examine the relationship between screen-based media use and autistic features. The present study involved 207 parents of Indonesian children 4-6 years old and 10-12 years old. Parents completed several questionnaires addressing children screen-based activities and level of autistic traits. The questionnaires are: (1) a screen-based media survey; (2) Empathizing-Systemizing Quotients (EQ-SQ Child); and (3) The Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Child). An online survey was utilized to collect all study data. The results showed that children spent more than four hours on average per

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Greenberg, David M., Varun Warrier, Carrie Allison, and Simon Baron-Cohen. "Testing the Empathizing–Systemizing theory of sex differences and the Extreme Male Brain theory of autism in half a million people." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 48 (2018): 12152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811032115.

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The Empathizing–Systemizing (E-S) theory of typical sex differences suggests that individuals may be classified based on empathy and systemizing. An extension of the E-S theory, the Extreme Male Brain (EMB) theory suggests that autistic people on average have a shift towards a more masculinized brain along the E-S dimensions. Both theories have been investigated in small sample sizes, limiting their generalizability. Here we leverage two large datasets (discovery n = 671,606, including 36,648 autistic individuals primarily; and validation n = 14,354, including 226 autistic individuals) to inve

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Wheelwright, S., S. Baron-Cohen, N. Goldenfeld, et al. "Predicting Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) from the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R) and Empathy Quotient (EQ)." Brain Research 1079, no. 1 (2006): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.012.

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Wakabayashi, Akio, Simon Baron-Cohen, and Sally Wheelwright. "Individual and gender differences in Empathizing and Systemizing: Measurement of individual differences by the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ)." Japanese journal of psychology 77, no. 3 (2006): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.77.271.

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Zappullo, Isa, Massimiliano Conson, Chiara Baiano, Roberta Cecere, Gennaro Raimo, and Amanda Kirby. "The Relationships between Self-Reported Motor Functioning and Autistic Traits: The Italian Version of the Adult Developmental Coordination Disorders/Dyspraxia Checklist (ADC)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (2023): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021101.

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Background: We developed the Italian version of the adult developmental co-ordination disorders/dyspraxia checklist (ADC), providing reliability and concurrent validity data for the scale (Aim 1). In addition, we investigated the relationships between motor coordination difficulties and different autistic traits (Aim 2). Methods: 498 participants (341 females; age range = 18–34) underwent the Italian version of the ADC, as well as a handwriting speed test, the autism spectrum quotient, the empathy quotient, and the systemizing quotient. Results: The distinction between three main factors (A, B

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WAKABAYASHI, AKIO. "Individual differences in empathizing and systemizing in Japanese children: Psychometric properties of the children's versions of the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ)." Japanese Psychological Research 55, no. 1 (2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5884.2012.00537.x.

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RAD, Florina, Ilinca MIHAILESCU, Alexandra BUICĂ, et al. "Is the Progress of Children with ASD in a Behavioural Therapy Programme Influenced by Parents’ Hyper-Systemizing?" Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 20, no. 2 (2020): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2020.2.12.

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"Background. In an attempt to find genetic explanations for the heterogeneous characteristics of autistic patients, research has shown that parents of autistic children are more likely than parents of neurotypical children to exhibit autistic-like characteristics, meeting the criteria for the so-called “broad autism phenotype” . Subclinical autistic traits have been identified in the families of children with ASD, in both fathers and mothers, but the way in which specific parental phenotypes influence the child’s pathology remains unclear. Methods. This study aimed to analyse the progress that

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Wakabayashi, Akio, Simon Baron-Cohen, Sally Wheelwright, et al. "Development of short forms of the Empathy Quotient (EQ-Short) and the Systemizing Quotient (SQ-Short)." Personality and Individual Differences 41, no. 5 (2006): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.017.

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ANTAKET, Layla Chadaporn, Masafumi MATSUDA, Kazuhiro OTSUKA, and Shiro KUMANO. "Analyzing Generation and Cognition of Emotional Congruence using Empathizing-systemizing Quotient." International Journal of Affective Engineering 17, no. 3 (2018): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/ijae.ijae-d-18-00001.

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Auyeung, Bonnie, Sally Wheelwright, Carrie Allison, Matthew Atkinson, Nelum Samarawickrema, and Simon Baron-Cohen. "The Children’s Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient: Sex Differences in Typical Development and in Autism Spectrum Conditions." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 39, no. 11 (2009): 1509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0772-x.

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Wakabayashi, Akio, and Asami Katsumata. "The Motion Picture Mind-Reading Test." Journal of Individual Differences 32, no. 2 (2011): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000034.

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The Motion Picture Mind Reading (MPMR) Test is a novel naturalistic mind-reading task, designed to measure individual differences in a young adult population in Japan. Short scenes from TV films showing characters in social situations were presented to 128 university students; participants judged the mental state of a character in these films. The distribution of task performance (MPMR Test) of participants was approximately normal and its psychometric properties were found to be satisfactory. The MPMR Test scores correlated positively with those of the Eyes Test and also with scores on the em

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Romero-Martínez, Á., P. Sariñana-González, J. M. Roa Natividad, et al. "The relationship between 2D:4D ratio and systemizing and empathy quotients in parents of people with autism spectrum disorders." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (2011): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73454-x.

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IntroductionInterdigital 2D:4D ratio has been considered as an indicator of prenatal exposure to androgens, entailing then a smaller ratio more androgenisation. Although it has been related to systemizing and empathy dimensions in the general population, it has never been studied in parents of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).Objectives and aimsTo analyse the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and these psychological variables in this population.MethodsThe sample was composed by parents of both genders of people with (n = 46) or without (n = 42) ASDs. The ratio was calculated as

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Makris, Gerasimos, Giorgos Chouliaras, Filia Apostolakou, et al. "Increased Serum Concentrations of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Children 8, no. 6 (2021): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8060478.

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High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has been suggested to be involved in the immune dysfunction and inflammation reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aimed to assess HMGB1 serum concentrations (SCs) in high-functioning ASD children compared to typically developing (TD) controls and to explore their associations with the autism spectrum quotient (AQ), the empathy quotient (EQ), and the systemizing quotient (SQ). The study involved 42 ASD children and 38 TD children, all-male, aged between 6.1 and 13.3 years old. HMGB1 SCs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA

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Groen, Y., A. E. den Heijer, A. B. M. Fuermaier, M. Althaus, and O. Tucha. "Reduced emotional empathy in adults with subclinical ADHD: evidence from the empathy and systemizing quotient." ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders 10, no. 2 (2017): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12402-017-0236-7.

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Girli, Alev, Filiz Karadağ, and Burak Karabey. "Empathising and systematising in children with and without autism spectrum disorder." Journal of Human Sciences 14, no. 1 (2017): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i1.4242.

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It is known that children with autism are insufficient in building empathy. A part of the difficulties in social interaction may originate from the lack of empathy. This research consists of two studies. First study is adaptation of the “Child Empathy Systemizing Quotient” (EQ-SQ) to Turkish culture which is prepared considering the behaviour characteristics of children in the Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) group, and realizing its validity and reliability. This research is conducted with 760 children with typical development processes, aged 9 – 16. The findings show that the Turkish EQ-SQ i

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Boschi, A., P. Planche, A. Philippe, and L. Vaivre-douret. "Assessment of cognitive profile (WISC-IV), autistic symptomatology and pragmatic disorders in high intellectual potential compared with autism spectrum disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (2016): S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.184.

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IntroductionAn overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in particular Asperger Syndrome (AS), and high intellectual potential (HIP–Total IQ > 2 SD) is often discussed.ObjectivesExplore differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous Wisc-profiles among HIP children, and between HIP and ASD children, on cognitive and clinical assessments.MethodsForty-nine participants (mean age 11.2 years) were divided in 4 groups: High Functioning Autism (HFA), AS, Homogenous HIP and Heterogeneous HIP. Data of WISC-IV and questionnaires – Autism Quotient (AQ), Empathy Quotient (EQ), Systemizing Quo

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Penton-Voak, Ian S., Timothy Allen, Edward R. Morrison, Lisa Gralewski, and Neill Campbell. "Performance on a face perception task is associated with empathy quotient scores, but not systemizing scores or participant sex." Personality and Individual Differences 43, no. 8 (2007): 2229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.004.

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Groen, Y., A. B. M. Fuermaier, A. E. Den Heijer, O. Tucha, and M. Althaus. "The Empathy and Systemizing Quotient: The Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version and a Review of the Cross-Cultural Stability." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45, no. 9 (2015): 2848–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2448-z.

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Gaman, A., O. Godin, I. Scheid, et al. "Psychiatric Co-morbidities in a French Cohort of Adults with High-functioning Autism (HFA)." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1960.

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Background and rationalePsychiatric comorbidities are shown to be very prevalent in patients diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), up high to 53% for mood, 50% anxiety and 43% for ADHD disorders in an European cohort of adults with HFA. Using a new approach, our study proposes to explore aspects of comorbidities in the largest French cohort of HFA adults (C0733/InfoR) by implying qualitative and quantitative clinical tools.AimsTo explore: (1) the prevalence rates of psychiatric comorbidities; (2) the interplay between comorbidities and the ASD symptoms.MethodsDiagnosis was made accord

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Auyeung, Bonnie, Carrie Allison, Sally Wheelwright, and Simon Baron-Cohen. "Brief Report: Development of the Adolescent Empathy and Systemizing Quotients." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 42, no. 10 (2012): 2225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1454-7.

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Dahary, Hadas, Tania Palma Fernandes, and Eve-Marie Quintin. "The relationship between musical training and musical empathizing and systemizing traits." Musicae Scientiae 24, no. 1 (2018): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1029864918779636.

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Although individual differences in engagement with and response to music are well documented, little is known about variations in musical empathizing and systemizing (E-S) traits and their relation to musical sophistication, including musical training. The current study examines the relationship between musical and general (non-musical) E-S traits and how musical sophistication and specific aspects of musical training are related to musical E-S traits. A total of 81 respondents reported on their level of musical sophistication and training (e.g., musical abilities, formal training, and engagem

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Sassa, Yuko, Yasuyuki Taki, Hikaru Takeuchi, et al. "The correlation between brain gray matter volume and empathizing and systemizing quotients in healthy children." NeuroImage 60, no. 4 (2012): 2035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.021.

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Castelhano-Souza, Mirella, Isabel Amélia Costa Mendes, José Carlos Amado Martins, Maria Auxiliadora Trevizan, Valtuir Duarte Souza-Júnior, and Simone de Godoy. "Semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 26 (October 11, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.2606.3044.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to perform the semantic validation of the short versions of the Empathy-Systemizing Quotient Scales, intended to measure the empathetic and systemizing profiles of individuals. The scales originated in Cambridge and were validated in Portugal, and were assessed for their psychometric properties. Method: methodological study included the scales’ semantic validation (content validity) and verification of their psychometric properties (internal consistency). Five judges participated in the semantic validation. The Content Validity Index was calculated, a pretest was conducted

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Chen, Na, Souta Hidaka, Naomi Ishii, and Makoto Wada. "People with higher systemizing traits have wider right hands." Frontiers in Psychiatry 15 (September 5, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1404559.

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IntroductionVarious genetic mutations have been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some candidate genes for ASD are known to be related to signal transduction and may be involved in hand development as well as neurodevelopment. Therefore, although subtle, anatomical variations in hand configurations may be observed in individuals with ASD. However, except for research on the finger ratio, which has been suggested to be related to prenatal sex hormone exposure, only few studies have been conducted. Given the spectrum characteristics of ASD, we explored whether hand configurations are

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Welberg, Julia, Daniel Laumann, and Susanne Heinicke. "Measuring Empathizing and Systemizing in Children and Adolescents." European Journal of Psychological Assessment, June 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000843.

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Abstract: The Empathizing Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ) are validated and extensively applied instruments for measurements within the empathizing–systemizing theory (EST) for adults, however not yet adapted to assess children and adolescents. To implement measurements of the EST in children and adolescents, short and comprehensible instruments are needed. Therefore, a German-language short version was developed and statistically tested in multiple studies. In a first study ( N = 193), wording and contexts were improved, and exploratory factor analyses were used to perform scale r

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"Autism and talent: the cognitive and neural basis of systemizing." Autism Spectrum Disorders 19, no. 4 (2017): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2017.19.4/sbaroncohen.

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In 2003, we proposed the hypersystemizing theory of autism. The theory proposes that the human mind possesses a systemizing mechanism (SM) that helps identify lawful regularities (often causal) that govern the input-operation-output workings of a system. The SM can be tuned to different levels, from low to high, with a normal distribution of individual differences in how strongly people search for such input-operation-out-put regularities in any data that is systemizable. Evidence suggests that people with autism are on average hypersystemizers, scoring higher than average on the systemizing q

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Richards, Gareth, Simon Baron-Cohen, Varun Warrier, et al. "Evidence of partner similarity for autistic traits, systemizing, and theory of mind via facial expressions." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11592-z.

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AbstractIt has been hypothesised that romantic partners are more similar than chance in relation to autistic traits. To test this theory, we recruited n = 105 heterosexual couples and examined within-couple correlations for autistic traits [measured using the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ)], empathizing [measured using the Empathy Quotient (EQ)], and systemizing [measured using the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R)]. For a subsample that attended the lab (n = 58 couples), we also investigated theory of mind via facial expressions using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and attentio

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Hei-Rhee, Ghim. "The Relationship among Peer Statue, EQ (Empathy Quotient), SQ (Systemizing Quotient), and AQ (Autism Spectrum Quotient)." Frontiers in Neuroscience 4 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/conf.fnins.2010.13.00095.

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Greenberg, Yeshaya David M., Rosemary Holt, Carrie Allison, et al. "Moral foundations in autistic people and people with systemizing minds." Molecular Autism 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-024-00591-8.

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Abstract Background Do autistic people share the same moral foundations as typical people? Here we built on two prominent theories in psychology, moral foundations theory and the empathizing–systemizing (E–S) theory, to observe the nature of morality in autistic people and systemizers. Methods In dataset 1, we measured five foundations of moral judgements (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity) measured by the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) in autistic (n = 307) and typical people (n = 415) along with their scores on the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ). In

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Allison, Carrie, Simon Baron-Cohen, Mark H. Stone, and Steven J. Muncer. "Rasch Modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R) Scale." Spanish Journal of Psychology 18 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.19.

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AbstractThis study assessed the dimensionality of the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R), a measure of how strong a person's interest is in systems, using two statistical approaches: Rasch modeling and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Participants included N = 675 with an autism spectrum condition (ASC), N = 1369 family members of people with ASC, and N = 2014 typical controls. Data were applied to the Rasch model (Rating Scale) using WINSTEPS. The data fit the Rasch model quite well lending support to the idea that systemizing could be seen as unidimensional. Reliability estimates were .9

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Wang, Xin, Mei‐Xia Dai, Aja Murray, et al. "Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the children's empathy quotient and systemizing quotient: 4–12 years." Autism Research, May 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2743.

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Robles, Kelly E., Nicole A. Liaw, Richard P. Taylor, Dare A. Baldwin, and Margaret E. Sereno. "A shared fractal aesthetic across development." Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 7, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00648-y.

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AbstractFractal patterns that repeat at varying size scales comprise natural environments and are also present in artistic works deemed to be highly aesthetic. Observers’ aesthetic preferences vary in relation to fractal complexity. Previous work demonstrated that fractal preference consistently peaks at low-to-moderate complexity for patterns that repeat in a statistical manner across scale, whereas preference for exact repetition fractals peaks at a higher complexity due to the presence of order introduced by symmetry and exact recursion of features. However, these highly consistent preferen

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An, Kyung-min, Takashi Ikeda, Tetsu Hirosawa, et al. "Decreased grey matter volumes in unaffected mothers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder reflect the broader autism endophenotype." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89393-z.

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AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an early onset and a strong genetic origin. Unaffected relatives may present similar but subthreshold characteristics of ASD. This broader autism phenotype is especially prevalent in the parents of individuals with ASD, suggesting that it has heritable factors. Although previous studies have demonstrated brain morphometry differences in ASD, they are poorly understood in parents of individuals with ASD. Here, we estimated grey matter volume in 45 mothers of children with ASD (mASD) and 46 age-, sex-, and handedness-ma

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Guo, Xinrong, Chuanyong Xu, Jierong Chen, Zhiliu Wu, Shumeng Hou, and Zhen Wei. "Disrupted cognitive and affective empathy network interactions in autistic children viewing social animation." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, April 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae028.

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Abstract Empathy can be divided into two core components, cognitive empathy (CE) and affective empathy (AE), mediated by distinct neural networks. Deficient empathy is a central feature of autism spectrum conditions (ASC), but it is unclear if this deficit results from disruption solely within empathy networks or from disrupted functional integration between cognitive and affective empathy networks. To address this issue, we measured functional connectivity (FC) patterns both within and between empathy networks in autistic children (4–8 years, n = 31) and matched typically developing (TD) chil

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Mirfazeli, Fatemeh Sadat, Meng-Chuan Lai, Amirhossein Memari, et al. "Short-term and long-term mate preference in men and women in an Iranian population." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99653-7.

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AbstractMate preference in short-term relationships and long-term ones may depend on many physical, psychological, and socio-cultural factors. In this study, 178 students (81 females) in sports and 153 engineering students (64 females) answered the systemizing quotient (SQ) and empathizing quotient (EQ) questionnaires and had their digit ratio measured. They rated their preferred mate on 12 black-line drawing body figures varying in body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) for short-term and long-term relationships. Men relative to women preferred lower WHR and BMI for mate selection

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Vida, Dorian, András Láng, Eszter Áfra, et al. "In the mind of Narcissus: The mediating role of emotional regulation in the emergence of distorted cognitions." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, April 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.13021.

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IntroductionCurrently narcissism is considered one of the most widespread phenomenon. As a consequence, its different types (grandiose and vulnerable narcissism) have been investigated from several different perspectives. The present research attempts to explore the differences between the two types of narcissism and their links with different cognitive components that are connected to these personality traits. The primary aim of our study is to investigate the possible connections among maladaptive schemas (entitlement, vulnerability, emotional deprivation) and cognitive evaluation systems (s

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Arai, Takashi, Koji Kamagata, Wataru Uchida, et al. "Reduced neurite density index in the prefrontal cortex of adults with autism assessed using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging." Frontiers in Neurology 14 (August 11, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1110883.

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BackgroundCore symptoms of autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) have been associated with prefrontal cortex abnormalities. However, the mechanisms behind the observation remain incomplete, partially due to the challenges of modeling complex gray matter (GM) structures. This study aimed to identify GM microstructural alterations in adults with ASD using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and voxel-wise GM-based spatial statistics (GBSS) to reduce the partial volume effects from the white matter and cerebrospinal fluid.Materials and methodsA total of 48 right-handed participant

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Conson, Massimiliano, Vincenzo Paolo Senese, Isa Zappullo, et al. "The effect of autistic traits on disembedding and mental rotation in neurotypical women and men." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08497-2.

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AbstractRecent data has revealed dissociations between social and non-social skills in both autistic and neurotypical populations. In the present study, we investigated whether specific visuospatial abilities, such as figure disembedding and mental rotation, are differently related to social and non-social autistic traits, in neurotypical women and men. University students (N = 426) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), figure disembedding and mental rotation of two-dimensional figures tasks. AQ social skills (AQ-social) and attention-to-details (AQ-attention) subscales were used as mea

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Chee, Zhong Jian, Yvonne Leung, and Marieke de Vries. "Replication of the music preference (MUSIC) model and evaluation of its association with personality and autistic traits." Musicae Scientiae, April 29, 2023, 102986492311674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10298649231167488.

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Music preferences have consistently been found to follow a five-factor structure (i.e., Mellow, Unpretentious, Sophisticated, Intense, and Contemporary, in short MUSIC), in the West. These factors are associated, in turn, with the Big Five personality traits. However, the stability of this structure and its association with personality in non-Western cultures are underexplored. Moreover, behavioral traits other than personality traits might relate to music preferences. High systemizing traits, as often seen in people with autism, tend to be associated with a preference for Intense music. Howev

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Jaschke, A. C., C. Howlin, J. Pool, et al. "Study protocol of a randomized control trial on the effectiveness of improvisational music therapy for autistic children." BMC Psychiatry 24, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-06086-3.

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Abstract Background Music therapy is the clinical use of musical interventions to improve mental and physical health across multiple domains, including social communication. Autistic children, who have difficulties in social communication and often increased anxiety, tend to show a strong preference for music, because it can be structured and systematic, and therefore more predictable than social interaction. This makes music therapy a promising medium for therapeutic support and intervention. Previous clinical trials of music therapy compared to traditional therapy for autistic children have

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Zhou, Ningning, Danni Wang, Gregory S. Chasson, Xin Xu, Jianping Wang, and Maria Izabel Lockwood. "Psychometric properties of the Chinese Empathy and Systemizing Quotients in a non-clinical sample." Current Psychology, February 25, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00653-z.

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