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Prince, Mark. "Smart microsystems for cell manipulations." Thesis, Aston University, 2006. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12241/.
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This thesis documents the design, manufacture and testing of a passive and non-invasive micro-scale planar particle-from-fluid filter for segregating cell types from a homogeneous suspension. The microfluidics system can be used to separate spermatogenic cells from testis biopsy samples, providing a mechanism for filtrate retrieval for assisted reproduction therapy. The system can also be used for point-of-service diagnostics applications for hospitals, lab-on-a-chip pre-processing and field applications such as clinical testing in the third world. Various design concepts are developed and manufactured, and are assessed based on etched structure morphology, robustness to variations in the manufacturing process, and design impacts on fluid flow and particle separation characteristics. Segregation was measured using image processing algorithms that demonstrate efficiency is more than 55% for 1 µl volumes at populations exceeding 1 x 107. the technique supports a significant reduction in time over conventional processing, in the separation and identification of particle groups, offering a potential reduction in the associated cost of the targeted procedure. The thesis has developed a model of quasi-steady wetting flow within the micro channel and identifies the forces across the system during post-wetting equalisation. The model and its underlying assumptions are validated empirically in microfabricated test structures through a novel Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry technique. The prototype devices do not require ancillary equipment nor additional filtration media, and therefore offer fewer opportunities for sample contamination over conventional processing methods. The devices are disposable with minimal reagent volumes and process waste. Optimal processing parameters and production methods are identified with any improvements that could be made to enhance their performance in a number of identified potential applications.
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Sunden, Erik Oscar. "Carbon Nanotube Synthesis for Microsystems Applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11528.
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Modern day engineering systems research presently lacks techniques to exploit the unique properties of many nanomaterials; coupled with this challenge exists the need to interface these nanomaterials with microscale and macroscale platforms. A nanomaterial of particular interest is the carbon nanotube (CNT), due to its enhanced physical properties. In addition to varied electrical properties, the CNT has demonstrated high thermal conductivity and tensile strength compared to conventional fiber materials. CNTs are beginning to see commercial applications in areas in which sufficient study has been dedicated. While a large part of the worldwide focus of CNT research has been in synthesis, an equally important area of research lies in CNT integration processes. The unique and useful properties of many nanostructured materials will never be realized in mainstream manufacturing processes and commercial applications without the proper exploration of integration methods such as those detailed in this thesis.
The primary motivation for the research detailed in this thesis has been to develop CNT synthesis processing techniques that allow for novel interfacing methods between carbon nanotubes and eventual applications. In this study, an investigation was performed to look at several approaches to integrating CNTs into micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Synthesis of CNTs was studied in two different settings. Synthesis was first performed, directly on the microsystem, via a global scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Secondly, synthesis was performed directly onto a microsystem device via localized resistive heating. Following synthesis, the application of atomically layered, protective coatings was then investigated. Integration methods were then investigated to allow for CNT transfer to microsystem applications incapable of withstanding synthesis temperatures. The developed integration methods were evaluated by creating functional microscale electrical circuits in flexible substrates via hot emboss imprint lithography. Lastly, post synthesis processing methods were used to create micropatterned cell guidance substrates as well as neuronal stimulating substrates.
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Koch, Michael. "Silicon micromachined pumps employing piezoelectric membrane actuation for microfluidic systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390407.
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Soltanian-Zadeh, Sepeedah. "A Microsystems Approach for Drug Assessment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82101.
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Cancer metastasis, the departure of cancer cells from the primary tumors and their spread to distant sites, is responsible for 90% of cancer related deaths. Thus, understanding the initial process which leads to cancer metastasis in the later stage and stopping the spread in the initial stage deems necessary. In spite of significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, there is still the need for robust and easy to use drug assessment methods. In this work we present two approaches for this purpose: a microengineered Boyden chamber, and a dielectrophoresis-based platform for cell characterization and drug assessment. Using these methods, we characterize the drug response of breast cancer, which is the second most common type of cancer among US women.
The micorengineered Boyden chamber we designed in this work is made of a silicon-based transmigration well with a 30µm-thick membrane and 8µm pores. This platform includes a deep microfluidic channel on the back-side sealed with a glass wafer. Using this platform, the migratory behavior of highly metastatic breast cancer cells, MDA-MB231, is tested under different drug treatment conditions. The second platform, the off-chip passivated electrode insulator-based dielectrophoresis (OπDEP) device, has been used to first distinguish between different breast cancer cell lines namely LCC1/MCF7, LCC9/MCF7, MCF7, and MDA-MB231, and also to probe the effect of different drug treatments on the cells. These versatile platforms will enable the enhanced integration with other technologies and running multiple assays simultaneously. Moreover, the methods presented show potential for next generation drug discovery and patient follow up purposes.<br>Master of Science
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Puik, Erik. "Risk adjusted, concurrent development of microsystems and reconfigurable manufacturing systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104237/.
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Controlling uncertainties is a challenging aspect in design and manufacturing of microsystems. As microsystems are characterised by features in the micro domain, product development and manufacturing processes are applied at the boundaries of their operational areas. In combination with many disciplines (mechanical, electrical, software, chemical etc.) and little standardisation, it causes microsystems development to be more time and cost intensive than products in the macro domain. Development of microsystems benefits from a concurrent approach of product and production design. Uncertainties may be addressed by application of methods for systems engineering (engineering design). Systems engineering applies models for the analysis of projects, usually a linear set of gates that need to be closed successively as the project evolves. Over the last ten years, models with an iterative approach of design and testing, gained in popularity due to their more agile characteristic that performs better in fast changing markets. Microsystems development benefits from the linear approach that performs well for their structured project control, but because of the high market dynamics, agile methods will speed up the process, which results in faster market introduction, advances the product life cycle, and increases return on investments. Currently, there are no known systems engineering models that combine linear and iterative monitoring of projects to gain the best of both methods, especially not in combination with the capability of concurrently monitoring the development of product and production design. This thesis investigates how existing ways of system engineering can be combined to: (RQ1) enable iterative and linear modelling of microsystems development, and (RQ2) merge these qualities into a combined model to monitor the development process concurrently. The first problem is addressed by (RQ1): i. Modelling development progression by execution of iterative cycles that alternately perform functional system decomposition and functional gating. ii. This iterative model is elevated with the method of Axiomatic Design to enable concurrent system decomposition. Implementation of elements from the V-Modell XT enable functional gating to index the concurrent development process iii. The ‘Theory of Complexity’ of Axiomatic Design is applied to realise an intelligent, knowledge based, gating function to be used as a continuous maturity measure; The results show that linear and iterative models can be merged successfully. With some extensions, the Theory of Complexity of Axiomatic Design can indeed be used for continuous monitoring of product and process development. The thus-obtained maturity measure can be applied for the analysis of project decisions. This was successfully done for retrospective analysis of two cases. To merge the qualities of analyses ‘i to iii’ into a combined model to monitor the development process concurrently, three tools for application have been developed (RQ2). iv. The first is a method for visualisation of the intelligent gating function, based on analysis ‘iii’. The method applies a newly developed ‘Maturity Diagram’ that plots the Design Axioms as continuous parameters v. The second is a method for assessment of reconfigurable manufacturing systems based on analysis ‘ii’. The method estimates the investigations needed to (re)configure a product specific manufacturing system vi. The third is a tool for roadmapping and monitoring that combines outcomes of analyses ‘i, ii, and iii’. This model is called ‘Constituent Roadmap’ and it is based on: (a) an iterative approach, (b) concurrent decomposition, (c) the advanced gating function, and (d) knowledge application to the product and process design. The Constituent Roadmap was applied for the development of a ‘smart dust’ sensor system. It was found to structure knowledge development and application. This increases the chances to satisfy the functional requirements of the design. In parallel, it functions as a communications tool between designers and managers. Together, a reasonably complete picture has emerged how the design of microsystems and their production means can be modelled, and how uncertainties may be categorised so they can be addressed in the best order.
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Bejhed, Johan. "Fluidic Microsystems for Micropropulsion Applications in Space." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7148.
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Forester, Sean M. "Energy harvesting for self-powered, ultra-low power microsystems with a focus on vibration-based electromechanical conversion." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FForester.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Singh, Gurminder ; Gibson, John. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 6, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Microelectromechanical systems, photovoltaic, piezoelectric, thermocouple, power harvesting, energy scavenging, thermoelectric. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-65). Also available in print.
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Srinivasaraghavan, Vaishnavi. "Bioimpedance spectroscopy of breast cancer cells: A microsystems approach." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63921.
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Bioimpedance presents a versatile, label-free means of monitoring biological cells and their responses to physical, chemical and biological stimuli. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women in the United States. Although significant progress has been made in diagnosis and treatment of this disease, there is a need for robust, easy-to-use technologies that can be used for the identification and discrimination of critical subtypes of breast cancer in biopsies obtained from patients. This dissertation makes contributions in three major areas towards addressing the goal. First, we developed miniaturized bioimpedance sensors using MEMS and microfluidics technology that have the requisite traits for clinical use including reliability, ease-of-use, low-cost and disposability. Here, we designed and fabricated two types of bioimpedance sensors. One was based on electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) to monitor cell adhesion based events and the other was a microfluidic device with integrated microelectrodes to examine the biophysical properties of single cells. Second, we examined a panel of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines and a hormone therapy resistant model of breast cancer in order to improve our understanding of the bioimpedance spectra of breast cancer subtypes. Third, we explored strategies to improve the sensitivity of the microelectrodes to bioimpedance measurements from breast cancer cells. We investigated nano-scale coatings on the surface of the electrode and geometrical variations in a branched electrode design to accomplish this. This work demonstrates the promise of bioimpedance technologies in monitoring diseased cells and their responses to pharmaceutical agents, and motivates further research in customization of this technique for use in personalized medicine.<br>Ph. D.
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Sari, Ibrahim. "Design, Fabrication And Implementation Of A Vibration Based Mems Energy Scavenger For Wireless Microsystems." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610096/index.pdf.
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This thesis study presents the design, simulation, micro fabrication, and testing steps of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based electromagnetic micro power generators. These generators are capable of generating power using already available environmental vibrations, by implementing the electromagnetic induction technique. There are mainly two objectives of the study: (i) to increase the bandwidth of the traditional micro generators and (ii) to improve their efficiency at low frequency environmental vibrations of 1-100 Hz where most vibrations exist.
Four main types of generators have been proposed within the scope of this thesis study. The first type of generator is mainly composed of 20 parylene cantilevers on which coils are fabricated, where the cantilevers are capable of resonating with external vibrations with respect to a stationary magnet. This generator has dimensions of 9.5×<br>8×<br>6 mm3, and it has been shown that 0.67 mV of voltage and 56 pW of power output can be obtained from a single cantilever of this design at a vibration frequency of 3.45 kHz. The second type generator aims to increase the bandwidth of the traditional designs by implementing cantilevers with varying length. This generator is sized 14×<br>12.5×<br>8 mm3, and the mechanical design and energy generation concept is similar to the first design. The test results show that by using 40 cantilevers with a length increment of 3 &<br>#956<br>m, the overall bandwidth of the generator can be increased to 1000 Hz. It has also been shown that 9 mV of constant voltage and 1.7 nW of constant power output can be obtained from the overall device in a vibration frequency range of 3.5 to 4.5 kHz. The third type is a standard large mass coil type generator that has been widely used in the literature. In this case, the generator is composed of a stationary base with a coil and a magnet-diaphragm assembly capable of resonating with vibrations. The fabricated device has dimensions of 8.5×<br>7×<br>2.5 mm3, and it has been considered in this study for benchmarking purposes only. The test results show that 0.3 mV of voltage and 40 pW of power output can be obtained from the fabricated design at a vibration frequency of 113 Hz. The final design aims to mechanically up-convert low frequency environmental vibrations of 1-100 Hz to a much higher frequency range of 2-3 kHz. This type of generator has been implemented for the first time in the literature. The generator is composed of two parts<br>a diaphragm-magnet assembly on the top, and 20 cantilevers that have coils connected in series at the base. The diaphragm oscillates by low frequency environmental vibrations, and catches and releases the cantilevers from the tip points where magnetic nickel (Ni) areas are deposited. The released cantilevers then start decaying out oscillations that is at their damped natural frequency of 2-3 kHz. It has been shown with tests that frequency up-conversion is realized in micro scale. The fabricated device has dimensions of 8.5×<br>7×<br>2.5 mm3, and a maximum voltage and power output of 0.57 mV and 0.25 nW can be obtained, respectively, from a single cantilever of the fabricated prototype at a vibration frequency of 113 Hz.
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Kratz, Henrik. "Integrated Communications and Thermal Management Systems for Microsystem-based Spacecraft : A Multifunctional Microsystem Approach." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6316.
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Lefevre, Brian W. "Integrated Microbattery Charger for Autonomous Systems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/118.
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This thesis presents a microbattery recharging circuit suitable for autonomous microsystems. The battery charger chosen for this design is a constant current battery charger. Two methods of regulating the constant-current are discussed. A published shunt regulator design is analyzed and is presented with enhancements to the design. A series regulator that controls the current to the battery with a switch is designed and fabricated in a 1.5µm CMOS process. The fabricated prototype occupies less than 2.20x2.20mm and is expected to dissipate less than 25µW of power. A discrete model of the integrated circuit is constructed and tested to demonstrate that the series regulator will work using a solar cell as the energy source. The design of the charger is a major step toward the construction of a completely integrated autonomous system.
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Hosseini, Seyed Yahya. "3-D Bio-inspired Microenvironments for In Vitro Cell Migration." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77412.
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Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of death related to cancer diseases. Once the cancer cells depart the primary tumor site and enter the blood circulation, they spread through the body and will likely initiate a new tumor site. Therefore, understanding the cell migration and stopping the spread in the initial stage is the utmost of importance. In this dissertation, we have proposed a 3-D microenvironment that (partially) mimics the structures, complexity and circulation of human organs for cell migration studies.
We have developed the tools to fabricate 3-D complex geometries in PDMS from our previously developed single-mask, single-etch technology in silicon. In this work, 3-D patterns are transferred from silicon structures to glass following anodic bonding and high temperature glass re-flow processes. Silicon is etched back thoroughly via wet etching and the glass is used as master device to create 3-D PDMS structures for use in dielectrophoresis cell sorting applications. Furthermore, this work has been modified to fabricate 3-D master devices in PDMS to create 3-D structures in collagen hydrogels to mimic native tissue structures. We have studied the interaction of endothelial cells with model geometries of blood vessels in collagen hydrogel at different concentrations to mimic the biomechanical properties of tissues varying from normal to tumor under the growth factor stimulation. Finally, we have designed and fabricated a silicon-based transmigration well with a 30um-thick membrane and 8um pores. This platform includes a deep microfluidic channel on the back-side sealed with a glass wafer. The migratory behavior of highly metastatic breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, is tested under different drug treatment conditions. This versatile platform will enable the application of more complex fluidic circulation profile, enhanced integration with other technologies, and running multiple assays simultaneously.<br>Ph. D.
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Mian, Zohaib Tariq. "A multidisciplinary framework for mission effectiveness quantification and assessment of micro autonomous systems and technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50220.
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Micro Autonomous Systems and Technologies (MAST) is an Army Research Laboratory (ARL) sponsored project based on a consortium of revolutionary academic and industrial research institutions working together to develop new technologies in the field of microelectronics, autonomy, micromechanics and integration. The overarching goal of the MAST consortium is to develop autonomous, multifunctional, and collaborative ensembles of microsystems to enhance small unit tactical situational awareness in urban and complex terrain. Unmanned systems are used to obtain intelligence at the macro level, but there is no real-time intelligence asset at the squad level. MAST seeks to provide that asset. Consequently, multiple integrated MAST heterogeneous platforms (e.g. crawlers, flyers, etc.) working together synergistically as an ensemble shall be capable of autonomously performing a wide spectrum of operational functions based on the latest developments in micro-mechanics, micro-electronics, and power technologies to achieve the desired operational objectives. The design of such vehicles is, by nature, highly constrained in terms of size, weight and power. Technologists are trying to understand the impacts of developing state-of-the-art technologies on the MAST systems while the operators are trying to define strategies and tactics on how to use these systems. These two different perspectives create an integration gap. The operators understand the capabilities needed on the field of deployment but not necessarily the technologies, while the technologists understand the physics of the technologies but not necessarily how they will be deployed, utilized, and operated during a mission. This not only results in a major requirements disconnect, representing the difference of perspectives between soldiers and the researchers, but also demonstrates the lack of quantified means to assess the technology gap in terms of mission requirements.
This necessitates the quantification and resolution of the requirements disconnect and technology gap leading to re-definitions of the requirements based on mission scenarios. A research plan, built on a technical approach based on the simultaneous application of decomposition and re-composition or 'Top-down' and 'Bottom-up' approaches, was used for development of a structured and traceable methodology. The developed methodology is implemented through an integrated framework consisting of various decision-making tools, modeling and simulation, and experimental data farming and validation.
The major obstacles in the development of the presented framework stemmed from the fact that all MAST technologies are revolutionary in nature, with no available historical data, sizing and synthesis codes or reliable physics-based models. The inherently multidisciplinary, multi-objective and uncertain nature of MAST technologies makes it very difficult to map mission level objectives to measurable engineering metrics. It involves the optimization of multiple disciplines such as Aero, CS/CE, ME, EE, Biology, etc., and of multiple objectives such as mission performance, tactics, vehicle attributes, etc. Furthermore, the concept space is enormous with hundreds of billions of alternatives, and largely includes future technologies with low Technology Readiness Level (TRL) resulting in high uncertainty.
The presented framework is a cyber-physical design and analysis suite that combines Warfighter mission needs and expert technologist knowledge with a set of design and optimization tools, models, and experiments in order to provide a quantitative measure of the requirements disconnect and technology gap mentioned above. This quantification provides the basis for re-definitions of the requirements that are realistic in nature and ensure mission success. The research presents the development of this methodology and framework to address the core research objectives. The developed framework was then implemented on two mission scenarios that are of interest to the MAST consortium and Army Research Laboratory, namely, Joppa Urban Dwelling and Black Hawk Down Interior Building Reconnaissance.
Results demonstrate the framework’s validity and serve as proof of concept for bridging the requirements disconnect between the Warfighter and the technologists. Billions of alternative MAST vehicles, composed of current and future technologies, were modeled and simulated, as part of a swarm, to evaluate their mission performance. In-depth analyses of the experiments, conducted as part of the research, presents quantitative technology gaps that needs to be addressed by technologist for successful mission completion. Quantitative values for vehicle specifications and systems' Measures of Performance were determined for acceptable level of performance for the given missions. The consolidated results were used for defining mission based requirements of MAST systems.
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Silva, Mario Eduardo de Barros Gomes e. Nunes da 1981. "Caracterização de propriedades mecânicas de materiais utilizados em microssistemas eletromecânicos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263491.
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Orientador: Luiz Otávio Saraiva Ferreira.<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T04:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Silva_MarioEduardodeBarrosGomeseNunesda_M.pdf: 3848213 bytes, checksum: ebb7fc7d814e03c6ae81ee577ddb158f (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: A caracterização das propriedades mecânicas de filmes finos faz-se necessária para o projeto e fabricação de Microsistemas Eletromecânicos (MEMS - Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems), que demanda dados precisos dos materiais. Esta pesquisa descreve um novo método de caracterização das propriedades mecânicas de filmes finos, barato e aplicávela uma ampla gama de materiais. Além do mais, este método também pode ser utilizado para avaliar a resistência das microestruturas durante cada etapa do processo de fabricação, e mesmo do sistema completo. Para realizar os experimentos de caracterização é utilizado um perfilômetro de superfície. Perfilômetros de superfície são dispositivos utilizados para medir a espessura e rugosidade de filmes, sendo essenciais em laboratórios de microfabricação. Tal fato permite que seja possivel repetir os experimentos deste trabalho em qualquer laboratório que possua um perfilômetro de superfície, sem a necessidade de investimento em novos equipamentos. O método de caracterização baseia-se na flexão de microestruturas suspensas. Os corpos de prova são fabricados no material em teste, e um perfilômetro de superfície é usado para defleti-los, e a partir dos dados desse experimento, pode-se calcular o módulo de Young. Caso os corpos de prova venham a se fraturar é possivel calcular a tensão de ruptura. Em uma primeira etapa do trabalho, foram caracterizados filmes de óxido de silício, fabricados por óxidação térmica de um substrado de silício monocristalino. Na segunda etapa, o método de caracterização foi expandido para filmes sobrepostos de materiais diversos e, foram caraterizados filmes de nitreto de silício, fazendo uso de microestruturas compostas de nitreto de silicio, depositado pelo método de vapor químico de baixa pressão (LPCVD), sobre o óxido de silício fabricado por óxidação térmica. O presente trabalho também sugere uma forma de utilizar o mesmo método de caracterização para determinar o coeficiente de Poisson, fazendo uso de várias amostras com expessuras diversas. Os corpos de prova foram fabricados no Centro de Componentes Semicondutores (CCS) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), e os experimentos de deflexão realizados no Laboratório de Microfabricação (LMF) do Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia (LNNano)<br>Abstract: The mechanical properties characterization of thin films is necessary for MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) design and manufacture, which requires accurate materials data. This research describes a new method for mechanical properties characterization of thin films, inexpensive and applicable to a wide range of materials. Also, this method can be used to evaluate the resistance of the microstructures during each step of the manufacturing process, and even the complete system. To perform the experiments of characterization is used a surface profilometer. Surface profilometers are devices generally used to measure the films thickness and roughness, and they are essential in microfabrication laboratories. This fact allows the possibility of repetitive the experiments of this work in any laboratory that has a surface profilometer, without the necessity to invest in new equipment. The characterization method is based on bending of suspended microstructures. The specimens are fabricated in the material under test, and a surface profilometer is used to deflect then, and from this experiment data, it's possible to calculate the Young's modulus. If the specimens fracture, it is possible to calculate the tensile strength. In a first step, were characterized films of silicon oxide, manufactured by thermal oxidation of a monocrystalline silicon substrate. In the second step, the characterization method has been expanded to superimposed films of various materials and films of silicon nitride were characterized, by making use of microstructures consisting of silicon nitride, deposited by the method of low-pressure chemical vapor (LPCVD), over the silicon oxide produced by thermal oxidation. The present work also suggests a way to use the same characterization method for determining the Poisson's ratio, using various samples with different thickness. The specimens were fabricated in the Center for Semiconductor Components (CCS) of University of Campinas (UNICAMP), and the deflection experiments performed in the Microfabrication Laboratory (LMF) of Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano)<br>Mestrado<br>Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico<br>Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Nguyen, Hugo. "Microsystem Interfaces for Space." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6954.
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Rowland, Emily. "Influences of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Microsystem on Mothers' Experiences." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32418.
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The goal of this project was to explore mothers’ experiences of caring for infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) using a microsystem perspective. This perspective focuses on the structure, processes and people and in so doing allows for a critical exploration of how these elements work together to influence mothers in the NICU. The research framework involved an institutional ethnography to explore care delivery, relationships, and discourses in the NICU. Data was collected using nonparticipant-observations, interviews, and collection of discourse artifacts. There is clear evidence that caring for an infant in the NICU can result in significant increases in maternal stress and associated outcomes. Results from triangulation of the data indicated that being separated from the infant and learning to mother in the unit were particularly salient experiences retold by the mothers. These experiences were affected – either positively or negatively – by different elements of the microsystem including consistency in communications, increased opportunities for mothers’ inclusion in decision-making and infant care and lastly, access to more support resources. Implementing improvements to the microsystem could better empower mothers adjusting to parenthood within the NICU context.
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Boussetta, Hela. "Modélisation multi-physiques et simulation globale de systèmes autonomes sur puce." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0008.
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L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de proposer une méthodologie de modélisation multi-niveaux d'un microsystème autonome. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons fourni une bibliothèque de modèles implémentés en VHDL-AMS et en SPICE pour différents blocs d'un nœud de réseaux de capteurs sans fils. Ces blocs appartiennent à différents domaines de la physique. Le premier modèle est celui d'un microgénérateur piézoélectrique qui récupère de l'énergie mécanique et la convertit en énergie électrique pour alimenter le reste du système. Le deuxième modèle est celui d'une batterie Li-Ion utilisée pour stocker cette énergie. Ce dernier a été fourni et validé sous différents profils de charge, de décharge et pour des températures différentes. Une bibliothèque de modèles VHDL-AMS et SPICE a également été fournie pour le bloc de gestion d'énergie. Deux niveaux d'abstraction ont été considérés pour ce bloc : un niveau indépendant de la technologie et un autre relié à la technologie CMOS 130 nm de STMicroelectronics. Dans le dernier chapitre, des simulations globales et multi-abstractions ayant pour but de donner un aperçu des possibilités offertes par cette méthodologie ont été présentées. Par ailleurs, des comparaisons avec des résultats expérimentaux, ont été proposées tout au long de ce travail<br>The aim of this work was to propose a multi-level and multi-physics modeling methodology. To reach this goal, we have provided a library of VHDL-AMS implemented models for different blocks of a node of a wireless Sensor Network. The first block is a piezoelectric microgenerator which harvests mechanical energy and converts it into electrical energy to supply the other parts of the system. The second block is an energy storage system. An electrical model of a Li-Ion battery implemented in VHDL-AMS has been provided. A library of VHDL-AMS and SPICE models had been provoded for the energy management block. Tow abstraction levels for this pure electrical block were considered : a technology independent level and a level related to the CMOS 130nm ST Microelectronics technology. In the last chapter, global simulations aiming to give an overview of the possibilities provided by this methodology were presented. In addition, comparisons with experimental results were proposed throughout this report
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Mitchell, Julie S. M. (Julie A. ). Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "OpenSPARC : how giving away CMT chip hardware implementations creates value for Sun microsystems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47869.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81).<br>This thesis uses systems thinking and system dynamics modeling to explore how open source communities such as OpenSPARC can lead to enhancement of the performance of Sun's multithreaded systems and thereby increase its market share by increasing its share of the CMT ecosystem, and the share that CMT systems have within the overall computer server business ecosystem. This study explores Sun's motivation behind its investment in the OpenSPARC community, and explains how OpenSPARC creates value for Sun. The insight into Sun's value creation and capture strategy gained from this study can be generalized and applied to similar companies who are entering a new market where the ecosystem is not yet fully developed. The companies who benefit most from this study are ones which are strategically positioned to disclose relevant knowledge of a critical component within the ecosystem that enables its development without thereby compromising the full potential for value capture within the market. The key findings of this study include: a) Market adoption of multitcore and multithreaded servers is dependent on the rewriting of software applications with parallelization in order to boost the performance of multicore and multithreaded systems. b) The overhaul of these software applications will take the coordination and involvement of all the major players in the computer industry. c) The specific business structure of Sun allows for open sourcing the components of its systems while still gaining revenue on the sale of the system as a whole.<br>(cont.) d) Factors attracting open source developers to write software for a particular platform include a developer's belief that his program will be successful in the market. e) The information leakage to competitors from open sourcing Sun's multithreaded processor implementation does not diminish Sun's value capture of the market. f) The benefits that open source communities can have on market adoption of multicore and multithreaded servers, provided that the disclosure of the chip hardware implementation actually improves the technical performance and economics of the application software. This thesis will explore the reasons that Sun believes the open source community can be a catalyst for the wide-spread adoption of multithreaded processors and multithreaded software required simultaneously by all the major players in the computer industry.<br>by Julie Mitchell.<br>S.M.
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Ghassemiparvin, Behnam. "Paraffin-Based RF Microsystems for Millimeter Wave Reconfigurable Antennas." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157685881599312.
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Lazaro, Orlando. "CMOS inductively coupled power receiver for wireless microsensors." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51874.
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This research investigates how to draw energy from a distant emanating and alternating (i.e., AC) magnetic source and deliver it to a battery (i.e., DC). The objective is to develop, design, simulate, build, test, and evaluate a CMOS charger integrated circuit (IC) that wirelessly charges the battery of a microsystem. A fundamental challenge here is that a tiny receiver coil only produces mV's of AC voltage, which is difficult to convert into DC form. Although LC-boosted diode-bridge rectifiers in the literature today extract energy from similar AC sources, they can do so only when AC voltages are higher than what miniaturized coils can produce, unless tuned off-chip capacitors are available, which counters the aim of integration. Therefore, rather than rectify the AC voltage, this research proposes to rectify the current that the AC voltage induces in the coil. This way, the system can still draw power from voltages that fall below the inherent threshold limit of diode-bridge rectifiers. Still, output power is low because, with these low currents, small coils can only extract a diminutive fraction of the magnetic energy available, which is why investing battery energy is also part of this research. Ultimately, the significance of increasing the power that miniaturized platforms can output is higher integration and functionality of micro-devices, like wireless microsensors and biomedical implants.
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Bozorgzadeh, Bardia. "Integrated Microsystems for High-Fidelity Sensing and Manipulation of Brain Neurochemistry." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1432223568.
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Dupé, Valérie. "Conception multidisciplinaire de microsystèmes autonomes." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858692.
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Toute action naturelle crée de l'énergie perdue qui pourrait être exploitée pour alimenter nos appareils électriques et mobiles. Nos environnements physiques disposent d'un nombre élevé de micro-sources d'énergies ; certes chacune est de faible puissance, mais leur multiplicité pourrait s'avérer significative, notamment dans le cadre du fonctionnement de microsystèmes. C'est le principe précédent qui a conduit nos travaux sur la problématique de la conception de microsystèmes autonomes. Ainsi, pour être innovante, l'ingénierie de microsystèmes doit à la fois s'appuyer sur la culture de l'électronique, de la mécanique mais aussi de l'énergétique. Le processus de conception est fortement pluridisciplinaire et son efficacité réside dans la capacité à mettre en oeuvre des méthodologies et des outils : - de conception collaborative, - de capitalisation des connaissances techniques, - d'ingénierie multi-physique, - d'ingénierie intégrée. Sur le base de ces fondamentaux, nous avons développé un outil d'aide à la conception. La méthodologie sous-jacente permet : 1- l'analyse et la structuration d'un problème de conception d'un microsystème autonome : cette phase conduit l'identification, la description fonctionnelle et environnementale du système et de son environnement. 2- la modélisation des connaissances : une analyse architecturale conduit à la description des composants et des interactions liées au microsystème (directement ou indirectement) puis à la modélisation des comportements, 3- la qualification énergétique et le couplage physique : la réutilisation structurée des modèles de connaissances est pilotée pour coupler les modèles physiques et décrire les sources, les puits et les mécanismes énergétiques des environnements, 4- la conduite de la recherche de concepts innovants : la base de connaissances, les critères de qualification et la description fonctionnelle préalablement construits sont agencés dans une seule méthode de conception virtuelle pour rechercher des concepts de solutions innovants, 5- le pré-dimensionnement : tout en assurant l'intégration des outils spécialisés de simulation (méthode des éléments finis et simulation fonctionnelle), le prédimensionnement de microsystèmes autonomes est supportée selon un schéma synthétique, assurant un raisonnement abductif (ou bottom-up). La conjonction des raisonnements physiques, l'intégration des méthodes et des cultures métiers, l'exploration virtuelle des espaces de solutions et la modélisation constituent les bases d'un nouveau moyen d'aide à la conception de microsystèmes autonomes. Cette approche a été déployée pour la conception d'un capteur piézoélectrique autonome.
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Martegoutte, Julien. "Corrélation entre les procédés de fabrication, les propriétés microstructurales et les propriétés mécaniques de couches minces métalliques pour applications microsystèmes." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770667.
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L'agence spatiale européenne et le CNES étudient la possibilité d'envoyer des microsystèmes dans l'espace, en particulier pour le gain de masse qu'ils représentent. Afin d'améliorer la fiabilité des composants en couches minces dans le temps et leurs performances, il est nécessaire de connaitre leurs propriétés mécaniques. Plusieurs techniques de caractérisation existent, en particulier la nanoindentation qui sollicite les couches minces directement sur substrat. Mais les résultats peuvent être largement influencés par le substrat dans le cas des couches microniques. Les méthodes de traction uniaxiale (CNES) et du gonflement de membranes autoportantes (INL) permettent de s'affranchir des effets du substrat, mais la fabrication de telles structures est complexe et nécessite bon nombre d'étapes technologiques pour retirer le substrat en face arrière. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre le lien qui existe entre les paramètres de fabrication de couches minces métalliques d'or et d'aluminium, leur microstructure, et leurs propriétés mécaniques à l'aide des outils présentés précédemment. Une perspective étant de mieux agir sur les procédés de fabrication afin d'améliorer la fiabilité des composants. Le premier chapitre présente les différentes techniques de dépôt, leur thermodynamique et cinétique, les types de microstructures rapportées dans la littérature, ainsi que la réalisation des structures de test. Le deuxième présente les caractérisations microstructurales, et la corrélation entre les paramètres de dépôt et les propriétés microstructurales est discutée. Le chapitre trois présente les caractérisations mécaniques des couches minces, sur substrat ou autoportantes, par les méthodes de nanoindentation en pointe Berkovich et sphérique, de microtraction et du gonflement de membrane. Le dernier chapitre est consacré aux relations entre les propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques des couches minces métalliques et à l'influence des traitements thermiques.
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Jung, Young Do. "Microfabricated continuous flow separation and manipulation systems for human whole blood." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34003.
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The objective of the research in this dissertation is to develop microsystem based separation technologies for whole cell cancer analysis using human whole blood as the input sample. This research work is carried out with two different approaches; one based on a miniaturized cascade magnetophoresis system and a second based on dielectrophoresis. The miniaturized systems can be fabricated using MEMS technologies combined with plastic fabrication techniques.
The design, fabrication, packaging, and characterization of several versions of the magnetophoresis and dielectrophoresis microsystems for whole cell cancer analysis in human whole blood sample are presented. The developed magnetophoresis systems have demonstrated improved throughput in the removal of RBC from a human whole blood sample and its application to the separation of tagged cancer cells based on their surface expression level of a specific protein. The dielectrophoresis microsystem has successfully shown the ability to steer a blood stream between two outlets and to separate WBCs or cancer cells from a human whole blood sample.
The developed microsystem based separation technologies can be further applied to the development of integrated system for cancer detection and treatments.
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Vitale, Nicholas Heywood. "A Bluetooth Low Energy-Enabled Neural Microsystem for Activity-Dependent Intracortical Microstimulation in Non-Human Primates." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case156534949054962.
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Ducloux, Olivier Pernod Philippe Preobrazhensky Vladimir. "Microsystèmes Magnéto-Mécaniques (MMMS) pour le contrôle actif d'écoulements aérauliques." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2008. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1054.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Electronique : Villeneuve d'Ascq, Ecole centrale de Lille : 2006.<br>Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque partie.108 réf.
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Champigneux, Pierre. "Comprendre et optimiser les anodes microbiennes grâce aux technologies microsystèmes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0051/document.
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De multiples micro-organismes ont la capacité de catalyser l’oxydation électrochimique de matières organiques en s’organisant en biofilm à la surface d’anodes. Ce processus est à la base de procédés électro-microbiens très innovants tels que les piles à combustible microbiennes ou les électrolyseurs microbiens. L’interface biofilm/électrode a été l’objet de nombreuses étudesdont les conclusions restent difficiles à démêler en partie du fait de la diversité des paramètres interfaciaux mis en jeu. L’objet de ce travail de thèse est d’exploiter les technologies microsystèmes pour focaliser l’impact de la topographie de surface des électrodes sur le développement du biofilm et sur ses performances électro-catalytiques. La formation de biofilmsélectroactifs de Geobacter sulfurreducens a été étudiée sur des électrodes d’or présentant des topographies bien contrôlées, sous la forme de rugosité, porosité, réseau de piliers, à des échellesallant du nanomètre à quelques centaines de micromètres. La présence de microrugosité a permis d’accroitre les densités de courant d’un facteur 8 par rapport à une surface lisse et son effet a étéquantifié à l’aide du paramètre Sa. Nous avons tenté de distinguer les effets des différentes échelles de rugosité sur le développement du biofilm et la vitesse des transferts électroniques.L’intérêt de la microporosité a été discuté. L’accroissement de surface active par la présence de micro-piliers s’est avéré très efficace et une approche théorique a donné des clés de compréhension et d’optimisation. Les connaissances acquises dans les conditions de culture pure ont finalement été confrontées avec la mise en oeuvre de biofilms multi-espèces issus d’un inoculum complexe provenant de sédiments marins<br>Many microorganisms have the ability to catalyze the electrochemical oxidation of organic matterby self-organizing into biofilm on the surface of anodes. This process is the basis of highlyinnovative electro-microbial processes such as microbial fuel cells or microbial electrolysis cells.The biofilm/electrode interface has been the subject of numerous studies whose conclusionsremain difficult to disentangle partly because of the diversity of the interfacial parameters involved.The purpose of this thesis work is to exploit microsystem technologies to focus the impact ofelectrode surface topography on biofilm development and electro-catalytic performance. Theformation of electroactive biofilms of Geobacter sulfurreducens was studied on gold electrodespresenting well-controlled topographies, in the form of roughness, porosity, pillar networks, atscales ranging from nanometer to a few hundred micrometers. The presence of micro-roughnessincreased the current densities by a factor of 8 compared to a smooth surface and its effect wasquantified using the Sa parameter. We have tried to distinguish the effects of different roughnessscales on biofilm development and electron transfer rates. The suitability of micro-porosity wasdiscussed. The increase of active surface area by the presence of micro-pillars has proved veryeffective and a theoretical approach has given keys to understanding and optimization. Theknowledge acquired under pure culture conditions was finally confronted with the use of multispeciesbiofilms formed from a complex inoculum coming from marine sediments
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Conseil, François Collard Dominique. "Simulation, conception et réalisation d'un commutateur en technologie microsystème pour dispositifs logiques sécuritaires." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/348.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Microondes et Microtechnologies : Lille 1 : 2004.<br>N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3454. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite des chapitres. Liste des publications.
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Roxhed, Niclas. "A Fully Integrated Microneedle-based Transdermal Drug Delivery System." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4484.
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Vernay, Benoît. "Modélisation et simulation haut-niveau de micro-systèmes électromécaniques pour le prototypage virtuel multi-physique en SystemC-AMS." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066171/document.
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L'évolution des systèmes embarqués se traduit aujourd'hui par des ensembles complexes, dits systèmes cyber-physiques, opérant principalement en réseau et interagissant fortement avec leur environnement.Intégrés à des circuits de contrôle et de traitement du signal, les micro-systèmes électromécaniques, ou MEMS, jouent un rôle primordial dans ces ensembles en tant que capteurs ou actionneurs.La conception de tels systèmes requiert des solutions globales et pluri-disciplinaires telles que le prototypage virtuel.Basée sur des modèles haut-niveau, cette technique permet d'anticiper le comportement du système dès les premières phases de conception et de le raffiner lors de phases plus avancées.Ces méthodes ont progressivement été appliquées à la conception de circuits intégrés, notamment avec l'utilisation de langages de description matérielle, tels que VHDL ou Verilog.En adoptant un niveau d'abstraction supérieur, SystemC a largement contribué au développement concourant des parties matérielles et logicielles.Parallèlement, les extensions proposées dans SystemC-AMS répondent au nombre croissant de composants analogiques dans les circuits intégrés et constituent une base prometteuse pour le prototypage virtuel de systèmes hétérogènes.Pour cette raison, cette thèse traite de la modélisation et de la simulation haut-niveau de dispositifs MEMS en SystemC-AMS.Dans un premier temps, nous évaluons les capacités actuelles du standard et des modèles de calcul proposés dans SystemC-AMS.Nous démontrons les limites et la difficulté d'élaborer des modèles équivalents de dispositifs MEMS dont la géométrie et les couplages internes nécessitent des descriptions plus détaillées.Nous proposons donc, dans un deuxième temps, d'intégrer directement dans SystemC-AMS des modèles réduits de dispositifs MEMS.La réduction d'ordre de modèle est une méthode mathématique permettant de créer des représentations compactes de systèmes initialement très larges en termes de degrés de liberté.Ainsi, nous utilisons les modèles générés depuis l'outil d'analyse en éléments finis \emph{MEMS+} et proposons une interface de programmation pour les insérer dans des modèles SystemC-AMS.Après avoir détaillé les principales fonctionnalités de l'interface, nous discutons les améliorations possibles du standard et de la solution présentée.Enfin, nous vérifions notre solution avec l'étude d'un accéléromètre et comparons les résultats avec l'état de l'art en termes de précision des modèles et de performances de simulation.Cette thèse propose ainsi une méthodologie complète pour intégrer des dispositifs MEMS dans un environnement de simulation haut-niveau<br>Embedded systems have evolved to more complex assemblies, called Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), mostly operating through networks and tightly interacting with the environment.As actuators or sensors, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are essential elements in these systems where they are integrated along with control and signal processing units.Designing such solutions requires a multi-domain approach like virtual prototyping.Based on system-level models, this technique allows to anticipate the global behavior in early-design phases and to further refine it in more advanced steps.Integrated circuits were progressively designed with respect to this method, especially through Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) like VHDL or Verilog.By adopting a higher-abstraction degree, SystemC enabled the co-development of hardware/software specific applications.In parallel, the Analog and Mixed-Signal (AMS) extensions proposed in SystemC-AMS partly addressed the increasing amount of analog components and are considered as a promising alternative for the virtual prototyping of heterogeneous systems.To that end, this thesis addresses the system-level modeling and simulation of MEMS devices in SystemC-AMS.First, we evaluate the current capabilities of the standard and supported models of computation in SystemC-AMS.We demonstrate the limitations and the the difficulty to elaborate equivalent models of MEMS devices whose geometry and internal coupling require more detailed descriptions.Second, we propose to directly integrate MEMS reduced models in SystemC-AMS.Model-order reduction is a mathematical technique to decrease the number of degrees of freedom and generate compact models from large-scale systems.We thus integrate the reduced models exported from the finite-element analysis tool \emph{MEMS+} and propose an Application Programmable Interface (API) to insert these \textit{ad hoc} models in SystemC-AMS.After reviewing the main API features, we discuss some improvements of both the standard and the presented solution.Finally, we verify our solution through the use case of an accelerometer and compare the results with the state of the art in terms of modeling accuracy and simulation performance.This thesis introduces a framework to integrate MEMS devices with the surrounding electronics in a unified system-level simulation environment
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Chaimanonart, Nattapon. "Adaptively Radio Frequency Powered Implantable Multi-Channel Bio-Sensing Microsystem for Untethered Laboratory Animal Real-Time Monitoring." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1247265060.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009<br>Title from PDF (viewed on 19 August 2009) Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
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Limnuson, Kanokwan. "A Bidirectional Neural Interface Microsystem with Spike Recording, Microstimulation, and Real-Time Stimulus Artifact Rejection Capability." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1421939391.
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Maurice, Rémy Campo Éric Estève Daniel. "Contribution à la méthodologie de conception système application à la réalisation d'un microsystème multicapteurs communicant pour le génie civil /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000210.
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Youssef, Anis Crouzet Yves Bonneval Agnan de. "Réseau de communication à haut niveau d'intégrité pour des systèmes de commande-contrôle critiques intégrant des nappes de microsystèmes." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000160.
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Bodenes, Pierre. "Etude de l’application de champs électriques pulsés sur des microalgues en vue de l’extraction de lipides neutres." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN017/document.
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Les microalgues, de par leur diversité, peuvent offrir une multiplicité de molécules bio-sourcées pour des applications variées (alimentation, énergie, santé etc…). Cependant, la production de biodiesel à partir de microalgues, désignée comme la 3e génération de biocarburant, nécessite encore une optimisation lors de l’étape de culture de la biomasse ou lors de l’extraction de l’huile pour que le procédé soit énergétiquement viable. Parmi les voies d’amélioration, l’application de champs électriques pulsés (PEF) en prétraitement à la biomasse pourrait améliorer la rentabilité énergétique du procédé d’extraction de lipides. Ce procédé appliqué aux microalgues est étudié dans le contexte d’une collaboration entre le laboratoire SATIE de l’ENS Cachan Paris Saclay et le laboratoire LGPM de Paris Saclay.Un microsystème d’électroporation a été conçu afin d’étudier in situ l’impact des champs électriques pulsés sur les cellules de microalgue, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chargées en lipides. Parmi les principaux résultats du projet, l’étude énergétique du procédé a montré que les impulsions de très courte durée (5 µs) sont les moins énergivores. Associées à un champ électrique de 4.5 kV/cm, ces impulsions entrainent une perméabilisation réversible (80 % de cellules atteintes) de quelques secondes tandis qu’un champ de 7 kV/cm entraine un effet irréversible. Après ce prétraitement, les algues sont ensuite mélangées à de l’hexane afin d’évaluer si les lipides sont extraits plus facilement de la cellule<br>Microalgae offer a multiplicity of applications for the production of bio-sourced compounds such as proteins, pigments, sugars and oils. However, the energy spent for algae culture and lipid extraction hinder the energetic viability of the process for the production of biofuel derived from algae oils. Among possible improvements, pulsed electric fields (PEF) may be used as a pre-treatment to extract valuable compounds from microalgae and making the process less energy demanding.This project started with a collaboration between the team of bio-micro-systems Biomis, laboratory SATIE, with the team of bio-process engineering laboratory LGPM to study in situ the effects of PEF on microalgae.First, a energetic study is performed in a micro-system specially built for this project to characterize in situ, the effect of various treatment parameters (pulse duration / electric field) on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells with high lipid content.Among the outputs of this study, an energetic optimization of PEF conditions shows that a high level of permeability and low energy consumption are obtained when using short pulses of 5 µs. Associated with an electric field of 4.5 kV/cm, the pores are reversible (80% of the cells) during few seconds, and with a field of 7 kV/cm or higher, the permeabilization is irreversible. Afterwards, this PEFpre-treatment is associated with solvent mixing (hexane) to evaluate if lipid extraction is improved
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Andersson, Nazzal Lena, and Agneta Ryberg. "Ett vårdinformationssystem i vårdens frontlinje : En fallstudie om Cambio Cosmic på en vårdcentral i Landstinget Kronoberg." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1563.
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<p>In healthcare there is a rapid development towards introducing and implementing a wide range of information technology (IT) to aim for higher quality and more effective care. A common health information system (Cambio Cosmic) has been implemented in Landstinget Kronoberg. Clinical microsystems are the frontline units where staff and pa-tient meet. When the conditions in the microsystems are changed, it is interesting to de-scribe and analyse the consequences.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to describe how health care staff uses a health information sys-tem and how they experience its functionality in their patient work. Initially, a literature re-view about the use of health information system was undertaken, followed by a qualitative case study based on interviews about how healthcare staff describes their reality. In March 2007 general practitioners, district nurses and practical nurses at the health care center in Markaryd were interviewed. The results were analysed using a modified microsystem the-ory. The analysis showed that the health care staff in Markaryd used Cambio Cosmic for medical record, time planning, cash handling, laboratory examinations and results, and medications. Apart from Cosmic, they used several other information systems IT- or pa-perbased.</p><p>The staff experienced that Cosmic did support their patient work, but technical deficiencies impeded use. The staff required a more rapid system, integration of systems and more per-sonal adaptations. A common health information system was seen as a strength in the care process. Co-operation between staff and with other caregivers was facilitated and Cosmic contributed to a more efficient work pattern. The patients could receive improved service and information. In general, the staff thought that they had access to the right information for the care of the patient, but improvements were needed for access to information at the right point of time. Cosmic was not used to improve work at the health care center. The staff expressed a positive attitude towards working with and in Cosmic. Based on the re-sult, improvements at both micro- and macrosystems levels are recommended.</p><br><p>Inom sjukvården sker en snabb utveckling med att implementera allt mer informationstek-nik (IT) i syfte att höja kvalitet och effektivitet inom sjukvården. Ett gemensamt vårdin-formationsssystem (Cambio Cosmic) har införts i Landstinget Kronoberg. Den plats i vår-dens frontlinje där patienter och vårdpersonal möts är ett kliniskt microsystem. När förut-sättningarna ändras i ett system är det intressant att analysera och beskriva konsekvenserna.</p><p>Syftet med denna rapport är att beskriva hur vårdpersonal använder ett IT-baserat vårdin-formationssystem och hur de upplever att det fungerar i patientarbetet. En litteraturstudie gjordes om användning av vårdinformationssystem. En fallstudie med intervjuer användes med en kvalitativ ansats för att samla in data om hur vårdpersonalen beskriver sin verklig-het. I mars 2007 intervjuades distriktsläkare, distriktsköterskor och undersköterskor på vårdcentralen i Markaryd, totalt 6 intervjuer, två av varje kategori. Resultatet analyserades utifrån en modifierad microsystemsteori. Vårdpersonalen i Markaryd använde Cambio Cosmics moduler för vårddokumentation, tidbokning, kassafunktion, provtagning och lä-kemedel. Utöver Cosmic användes även flera andra IT-stöd och papperssystem i patientar-betet.</p><p>Vårdpersonalen upplever att Cosmic fungerar som stöd i patientarbetet, men att tekniska brister är ett hinder i användningen och de efterfrågade ett snabbare system, systemintegre-ring och mer personliga anpassningar. I vårdprocessen upplevdes tillgången till en lands-tingsgemensam journal som en styrka. Samverkan mellan vårdpersonal och med andra vårdgivare underlättades och Cosmic bidrog till ett effektivare arbetssätt. Patienten kunde ges en förbättrad service och information. Överlag ansåg vårdpersonalen att de hade till-gång till rätt information för patientens vård, men för att ha tillgång till information i rätt tid behövdes förbättringar. Cosmic användes inte i förbättringsarbete på vårdcentralen. Vårdpersonalen på Markaryds vårdcentral gav uttryck för en positiv inställning till arbetet i Cosmic. Utifrån resultatet rekommenderas förbättringar på både micro- och macrosys-temsnivå.</p>
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Nilsson, Björn, and Suzane Jetisi. "Information Overload - ett problem inom akutsjukvården?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1404.
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<p>Information overload förekommer på alla arbetsplatser där informationsbearbetning är viktigt för arbetsprocesserna. I vissa fall kan information overload medföra allvarliga konsekvenser både för den enskilda medarbetaren och för verksamheten i stort. På akutmottagningen på Centrallasarettet i Växjö har sjuksköterskorna en viktig roll som samordnare av den information som används i patientarbetet. Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka vilka faktorer som främst orsakar information overload hos sjuksköterskorna på akutmottagningen CLV, samt att undersöka hur fenomenet IO påverkar vårdkvaliteten.</p><p>Under mars och april 2007 genomfördes intervjuer med sju sjuksköterskor på den aktuella akutmottagningen utifrån en frågemall som utformats med hjälp av aktuell forskning på information overload. Resultatanalysen skedde utifrån en specifik orsakstabell som tagits från en litteratursammanställning av Eppler och Mengis (2004). Orsakstabellen utgår ifrån fem specifika områden - personliga faktorer, informationens karaktär, arbetsuppgifter och processparametrar, organisatorisk design samt informationsteknologi. Studien har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ ansats.</p><p>Undersökningen visar att sjuksköterskorna på akutmottagningen ofta drabbas av information overload, och att riskfaktorer finns i samtliga fem ovanstående kategorier. Flera av deltagarna upplever regelbundet information overload-relaterade symtom och detta riskerar att hota patientsäkerheten på mottagningen. Dessutom leder det till minskad arbetstillfredsställelse hos sjuksköterskorna. Slutligen konstateras att en ordentlig informationsplan behöver upprättas för att rätta till de missförhållanden som orsakar information overload. Det är framför allt viktigt att informationen är relevant och hanterbar för att höja patientsäkerheten och vårdkvaliteten.</p><br><p>Information overload exists in all organisations where information processing is important for the work process. In some cases information overload is a serious threat to both the individual who suffers from it and to the organisation at large. At the emergency department at the Central Hospital in Växjö the nurses have an important function as coordinators of the information used in the patient treatments. The purpose of this study is to find out which factors primarily cause information overload in the emergency department and what implication this has on the quality of care given there.</p><p>In March and April of 2007 seven nurses were interviewed on the subject of information overload. Through a literary review relevant questions were formed for the interviews. The analysis of the answers were conducted from a table by Eppler and Mengis (2004) illustrating the causes of information overload. The table has five sub categories, personal factors, information characteristics, task and process parameters, organizational design and information technology. The study has a qualitative approach.</p><p>The result shows that the nurses at the ED are often affected by information overload, and that risk factors exist in all five sub categories mentioned above. Several nurses regularly experience symptoms caused by information overload, and this is a threat to patient safety at the ED. It also causes dissatisfaction in the daily work. Finally we conclude that a proper information plan is needed in order to find solutions to the problem. The information needs to be relevant and manageable to increase patient safety and the quality of care.</p>
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Rollier, Anne-Sophie Collard Dominique Buchaillot Lionel. "Technologies microsystèmes avancées pour le fonctionnement de dispositifs en milieu liquide et les applications nanométriques." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1036.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Microondes et microtechnologies : Lille 1 : 2006.<br>N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3891. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.
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Pasquet, Guillaume. "Conception, réalisation et mise en oeuvre d'un microsystème pour la micro spectroscopie par résonance magnétique nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00611547.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception, la réalisation et l'évaluation expérimentale d' un microsystème d'analyse dont l'originalité repose sur l'intégration d'une micro antenne planaire de spectroscopie par résonance magnétique nucléaire (SRMN) sur un système micro fluidique à base d'un polymère, le Cyclique Oléfine Copolymère (COC). La détermination des caractéristiques géométriques optimales du microsystème afin d'optimiser le couplage électromagnétique entre la micro antenne de détection et l'échantillon est effectuée à l'aide d'un modèle de calcul numérique, ce qui permet l'optimisation du rapport signal sur bruit (RSB). La réalisation du microsystème avec des procédés de micro fabrication développés au laboratoire ont permis de valides son fonctionnement dans un spectromètre dont le champ magnétique statique atteint 11.74 Tesla (fréquence de Larmor du proton égale à 500MHz). Travailler dans un champ aussi intense permet d'améliorer la sensibilité de détection mais nécessite de porter une attention particulière à l'homogénéité du champ magnétique qui, dans notre cas, peut être dégradée en raison de l'introduction du microsystème dans le spectromètre. En effet, les distorsions du champ magnétique, dues aux différentes susceptibilités magnétiques des matériaux constituant la microsonde, ont un impact direct sur la résolution spectrale. C'est pourquoi, une modélisation 3D par éléments finis est proposée afin de prévoir l'influence du microsystème sur la forme des raies spectrales et donc d'en déduire la résolution spectrale pouvant être espérée. La comparaison des résultats expérimentaux et ceux issus des simulations permet de valider le modèle de calcul numérique. Il apparait cependant nécessaire d'inclure le phénomène d'amortissement radiatif afin de pouvoir rendre compte des résultats expérimentaux relatifs à la résolution spectrale effectivement observée.
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Zidane, Mohamed Amine. "Réalisation d'un dispositif de mesure non invasif de la glycémie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0298.
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Le problème principal des patients diabétiques reste les conséquences des complications résultantes du diabète. Un contrôle plus fréquent de la glycémie contribue à l’équilibre du diabète et une diminution importante de ses complications. Les appareils récents de mesure de la glycémie sont moins confortables à cause de la douleur associée à chaque piqûre. Certains appareils sophistiqués de mesure de la glycémie sont semi invasifs, leur duré de validité est de 14 jours. Le but de notre travail de thèse consiste à développer un système de mesure non invasif de la glycémie basé sur une méthode électromagnétique. Un capteur électromagnétique (EM) original est proposé, modélisé sous COMSOL et validé par des mesures expérimentales. Ce capteur se compose de deux cellules de Split Ring Resonator (SRR) excitées par une ligne coplanaire. Notre objectif principal est d’atteindre une sensibilité suffisante pour détecter les différents taux de glucose avec un capteur miniaturisé. Le capteur est testé en premier lieu sur de l’eau glucosée. Il a été optimisé et adapté pour des mesures in-vitro dans le sang. Dans la dernière partie de notre travail, nous avons identifié, quantifié les contraintes impactant les mesures de glycémie. Nous présentons l’étude de deux contraintes sur la mesure du capteur : l’impact de la variation de la dimension de la veine et la dosimétrie. En effet, l’évaluation de ces contraintes permet de compenser leurs effets sur la mesure pour une meilleure précision de la mesure de la glycémie<br>The main problem of patients with diabetes remains the consequences of the complications resulting from diabetes. More frequent blood glucose control contributes to the balance of diabetes and a significant decrease in its complications. The current devices are less comfortable because of the pain associated with each sting. Some sophisticated blood glucose meters are semi-invasive, and are valid for 14 days. The purpose of my PhD work is to develop a non-invasive blood glucose measurement system based on an electromagnetic method. An original electromagnetic (EM) sensor is proposed, modeled under COMSOL and validated by experimental measurements. This sensor is composed of two Split Ring Resonator (SRR) cells excited by a coplanar line. Our main purpose is to reach sufficient sensitivity to detect different glucose levels with a miniaturized sensor. The sensor is tested on glucose water. Then, it has been optimized and adapted for in-vitro measurements in the blood. In the last part of this study, we identified and quantified the constraints impacting blood glucose measurements. We present the study of two constraints on the measurement of the sensor: Impact of vein dimension and dosimetry. Indeed, the evaluation of these constraints makes it possible to compensate their effects on the measurement for a better precision of the measurement of the glycemia
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Sundaram, Venkatesh. "Advances in electronic packaging technologies by ultra-small microvias, super-fine interconnections and low loss polymer dielectrics." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28141.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Tummala, Rao; Committee Member: Iyer, Mahadevan; Committee Member: Saxena, Ashok; Committee Member: Swaminathan, Madhavan; Committee Member: Wong, Chingping.
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Lienstromberg, Christina. "On Microelectromechanical Systems with General Permittivity." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN007/document.
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Dans le cadre de la thèse des modèles physico-mathématiques pour des microsystèmes électromécaniques avec une permittivité générale sont développés et analysés par des méthodes mathématiques modernes du domaine des équations aux dérivées partielles. En particulier ces systèmes sont à frontière libre et pour conséquence difficiles à traiter. Des méthodes numériques ont été développées pour valider les résultats analytiques obtenus<br>In the framework of this thesis physical/mathematical models for microelectromechanical systems with general permittivity have been developed and analysed with modern mathematical methods from the domain of partial differential equations. In particular these systems are moving boundary problems and thus difficult to handle. Numerical methods have been developed in order to validate the obtained analytical results
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Brandström, Nina. "Underutnyttjande av vårdens informationssystem : Informationslogistik och samordnad vårdplanering." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27973.
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Förväntad effekt av vårdens elektroniska IT-system är ökad patientsäkerhet, vårdkvalitet och tillgänglighet. Ett första villkor för att kunna uppnå detta är att IT-systemet används. I denna studie granskas ett underutnyttjat IT-system, använt för informationsöverföring mellan olika huvudmän vid samordnad vård- och omsorgsplanering. Granskningen baseras på teorier om hur individers intention och vilja till att använda ett IT-system initieras eller upprätthålls genom omgivningens påverkan. Resultatet visar att IT-användare i den patientnära vården (mikrosystemet) saknar adekvat tekniskt, organisatoriskt (mesosystemet) och ledningsstöd (makrosystemet), vilket kan förklara underutnyttjandet.<br>Expected impact of electronic healthcare systems is increasing patient safety, care quality and availability. Using the system is essential to achieve this. This study explain the assimilation gap in an electronic healthcare system used in coordinated care planning by theories how individuals’ intentions and willingness to use electronic systems is affected by environmental influences. The result shows that the end users lack technical, organizational, and management support, which can explains the assimilation gap.
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Setia, Ronald. "Modeling and Diagnosis of Excimer Laser Ablation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7634.
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Recent advances in the miniaturization, functionality, and integration of integrated circuits and packages, such as the system-on-package (SOP) methodology, require increasing use of microvias that generates vertical signal paths in a high-density multilayer substrate. A scanning projection excimer laser system has been utilized to fabricate the microvias. In this thesis, a novel technique implementing statistical experimental design and neural networks (NNs) is used to characterize and model the excimer laser ablation process for microvia formation. Vias with diameters from 10 50 micrometer have been ablated in DuPont Kapton(r) E polyimide using an Anvik HexScan(tm) 2150 SXE pulsed excimer laser operating at 308 nm. Accurate NN models, developed from experimental data, are obtained for microvia responses, including ablated thickness, via diameter, wall angle, and resistance. Subsequent to modeling, NNs and genetic algorithms (GAs) are utilized to generate optimal process recipes for the laser tool. Such recipes can be used to produce desired microvia responses, including open vias, specific diameter, steep wall angle, and low resistance. With continuing advancement in the use of excimer laser systems in microsystems packaging has come an increasing need to offset capital equipment investment and lower equipment downtime. In this thesis, an automated in-line failure diagnosis system using NNs and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory is implemented. For the sake of comparison, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach is applied to achieve the same objective. Both the D-S theory and neuro-fuzzy logic are used to develop an automated inference system to specifically identify failures. Successful results in failure detection and diagnosis are obtained from the two approaches. The result of this investigation will benefit both engineering and management. Engineers will benefit from high yield, reliable production, and low equipment down-time. Business people, on the other hand, will benefit from cost-savings resulting from more production-worthy (i.e., lower maintenance) laser ablation equipment.
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Roussel, Michael. "Intégration sur silicium et caractérisation de films minces de polyuréthane nanocomposite pour le développement de micro-actionneurs MEMS électrostrictifs." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0135/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre général du développement de micro-actionneurs MEMS, à bas coût et de technologie simple, pour de futures applications dans le domaine de la microfluidique, notamment. La motivation de ce travail est d'évaluer la faisabilité d'un micro-actionneur électrostricitf à base de film mince polymère électroactif nanocomposite. Le polyuréthane, chargé en nanoparticules de carbone ou carbure de fer, encore peu étudié mais aux propriétés électrostrictives prometteuses, est choisi comme matériau à intégrer dans une filière MEMS silicium classique. Le premier chapitre dresse un état de l'art sur les actionneurs MEMS, présente les différentes familles de polymères électroactifs et définit ce qu'est l'électrostriction. Le second chapitre est consacré à l'intégration sur silicium de films minces de polyuréthane et au développement de différentes structures de tests. L'accent est mis sur la levée de plusieurs verrous technologiques. Le chapitre trois présente les méthodes de caractérisations mécaniques et électriques et les résultats obtenus sur films purs et nanocomposites. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre concerne la réalisation et la caractérisation de premiers démonstrateurs MEMS. Ces micro-actionneurs sont caractérisés de manière statique et dynamique<br>This thesis is part of the general development of MEMS microactuators, low cost and simple technology for future applications in the domain of microfluidics. The motivation of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of an electrostrictive microactuator based on electroactive nanocomposite polymer thin films. Polyurethane, loaded with carbon or iron carbide nanoparticles is chosen to be integrated in a conventional silicon MEMS process. The first chapter provides a state of the art of MEMS actuators, presents the different families of electroactive polymers and defines what is electrostriction. The second chapter is devoted to the integration of polyurethane thin films on silicon and to the development of different mechanical and electrical test structures. The emphasis is on identifying and overcoming technological barriers. Chapter three presents the mechanical and electrical characterization methods and the obtained results for pure and nanocomposites films. The fourth and final chapter concerns the realization and the static and dynamic characterizations of first MEMS demonstrators
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Schneider, Mark. "Risksamband vid införandet av ett kliniskt informationssystem : En fallstudie för verksamhetsområdet Thoraxkirurgi och Anestesi vid Akademiska Sjukhuset i Uppsala." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28027.
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Sveriges landsting har börjat införa nya kliniska informationssystem som komplement till sina elektroniska patientjournaler. Målet är att kunna förnya och effektivisera existerande system och processer, sänka sjukvårdkostnader samt öka patientsäkerhet och kvalité i vården. Trots betydande investeringar i nya kliniska informationssystem har inga övertygande bevis kunnat presenteras för systemens övergripande effekter i organisationen. Ny forskning anser att detta huvudsakligen beror på en trög användning av nya informationssystem som varken är kompatibla eller lätt att använda, samt att verksamhetsområdena inte har lyckats återanpassa sina kliniska processer till det nya systemet. Denna fallstudie har genomförts hos verksamhetsområdet för Thoraxkirurgi och Anestesi vid Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Studien redogör för den medvetenhet projektledning och organisation har kring riskindikatorer och dess effekter vid införseln av ett kliniskt informationssystem. Aktuella risksamband visar att implementationen kommer leda till en trög användning av systemet på grund av att man inte lyckats återanpassa verksamhetens kliniska processer till det nya systemet. Studiens slutsats är att förberedelse och planering inför implementation av ett kliniskt informationssystem bör ses från ett helhetsperspektiv. En medicinsk verksamhet behöver komma underfund med hur deras egna strategier, operativa funktioner och processer fungerar. En omfattande förberedelse med iterativa planeringsprocesser och analys innan implementation är nödvändigt för att bedöma om organisationens strategiska mål kan tillgodoses. Å andra sidan, att allt för ensidigt fokusera på tekniken skapar risker i organisationen. Implementation inom sjukvården är en komplex process. Oförutsedda problem kan hända under ett projekts faser, vilka behöver hanteras rätt för att undvika risker som fortplantar sig nedströms.<br>Sweden’s County Councils have begun to introduce new integrated health information system modules to complement their integrated computer-based patient records (ICPR). The goal is to innovate and streamline existing systems and processes, reduce healthcare costs and improve patient safety and quality of healthcare. However, in spite of enormous investments in new health information systems, no convincing evidence of the overall benefits has been given. Recent results in research establishes that the disappointing performance of health IT to date can be largely attributed to several factors: sluggish use of health IT systems, coupled with the choice of systems that are neither interoperable nor easy to use; and the failure of health care providers and institutions to reengineer clinical care processes to reap the full benefits of health IT. This case study has been conducted at the department of Thoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology at Uppsala University Hospital. The study analyzes the awareness of risks associated with implementing a health information system. Current risks with the implementation will lead to a sluggish use of the system due to failure reengineering and adapting clinical care processes. The study concludes that preparation and planning for implementation of a clinical information system should be viewed from a holistic perspective. A healthcare organization needs to figure out how their strategies, operational functions and processes work. An extensive preparation with iterative planning processes and analysis before implementation is then necessary in order to evaluate if the organization's strategic objectives can be met. On the other hand, a too strong focus on technology creates risks in the organization. Implementation of a clinical information system is a complex process. Unforeseen problems can happen during a project's phases, which need to be managed correctly in order to avoid risks that propagate downstream.
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Russom, Aman. "Microfluidic bead-based methods for DNA analysis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-155.
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With the completion of the human genome sequencing project, attention is currently shifting toward understanding how genetic variation, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), leads to disease. To identify, understand, and control biological mechanisms of living organisms, the enormous amounts of accumulated sequence information must be coupled to faster, cheaper, and more powerful technologies for DNA, RNA, and protein analysis. One approach is the miniaturization of analytical methods through the application of microfluidics, which involves the manipulation of fluids in micrometer-sized channels. Advances in microfluidic chip technology are expected to play a major role in the development of cost-effective and rapid DNA analysis methods. This thesis presents microfluidic approaches for different DNA genotyping assays. The overall goal is to combine the potential of the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip concept with biochemistry to develop and improve current methods for SNP genotyping. Three genotyping assays using miniaturized microfluidic approaches are addressed. The first two assays are based on primer extension by DNA polymerase. A microfluidic device consisting of a flow-through filter chamber for handling beads with nanoliter liquid volumes was used in these studies. The first assay involved an allelespecific extension strategy. The microfluidic approach took advantage of the different reaction kinetics of matched and mismatched configurations at the 3’-ends of a primer/template complex. The second assay consisted of adapting pyrosequencing technology, a bioluminometric DNA sequencing assay based on sequencing-bysynthesis, to a microfluidic flow-through platform. Base-by-base sequencing was performed in a microfluidic device to obtain accurate SNP scoring data on nanoliter volumes. This thesis also presents the applications of monolayer of beads immobilized by microcontact printing for chip-based DNA analysis. Single-base incorporation could be detected with pyrosequencing chemistry on these monolayers. The third assay developed is based on a hybridization technology termed Dynamic Allele-Specific Hybridization (DASH). In this approach, monolayered beads containing DNA duplexes were randomly immobilized on the surface of a microheater chip. DNA melting-curve analysis was performed by dynamically heating the chip while simultaneously monitoring the DNA denaturation profile to determine the genotype. Multiplexing based on single-bead analysis was achieved at heating rates more than 20 times faster than conventional DASH provides.<br>QC 20101008
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Stehlík, Jiří. "Obvody s proudovou zpětnou vazbou pro zpracování analogových signálů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233459.
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This dissertation thesis deals with design of new functional blocks usable in area of analogue signal processing, focusing on sensor signal processing. Versatility of these circuits will find applications in programmable analogue array structures that will be possible to control and configure via a digital signal. Hereby build-up array would be fully a reconfigurable digital control system for sensor signal processing and usable for a wide range of different sensors. It offers possibility to build-up a control code for each specific sensor system, with which it would be possible to achieve optimal results of the entire system and consequently place the system on a chip. The presented programmable array is designed from configurable analogue blocks. The current feedback circuits, which in a suitable configuration can operate in voltage or current mode, are used here. This allows to achieve very good results in the systems with very low power supply, which is closely associated with mobility and autonomous behavioral (that are very important and observed parameters today) of the entire sensor-based framework. The work deals in detail with particular blocks, which are described theoretically and evaluated for using in the programmable analogue array. Design of the structure of programmable analogue array as well the use of these circuits in the part of whole system (that will be realized on a chip) are presented at the end of this thesis.
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Samel, Björn. "Novel Microfluidic Devices Based on a Thermally Responsive PDMS Composite." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mikrosystemteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4470.
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The field of micro total analysis systems (μTAS) aims at developments toward miniaturized and fully integrated lab-on-a-chip systems for applications, such as drug screening, drug delivery, cellular assays, protein analysis, genomic analysis and handheld point-of-care diagnostics. Such systems offer to dramatically reduce liquid sample and reagent quantities, increase sensitivity as well as speed of analysis and facilitate portable systems via the integration of components such as pumps, valves, mixers, separation units, reactors and detectors. Precise microfluidic control for such systems has long been considered one of the most difficult technical barriers due to integration of on-chip fluidic handling components and complicated off-chip liquid control as well as fluidic interconnections. Actuation principles and materials with the advantages of low cost, easy fabrication, easy integration, high reliability, and compact size are required to promote the development of such systems. Within this thesis, liquid displacement in microfluidic applications, by means of expandable microspheres, is presented as an innovative approach addressing some of the previously mentioned issues. Furthermore, these expandable microspheres are embedded into a PDMS matrix, which composes a novel thermally responsive silicone elastomer composite actuator for liquid handling. Due to the merits of PDMS and expandable microspheres, the composite actuator's main characteristic to expand irreversibly upon generated heat makes it possible to locally alter its surface topography. The composite actuator concept, along with a novel adhesive PDMS bonding technique, is used to design and fabricate liquid handling components such as pumps and valves, which operate at work-ranges from nanoliters to microliters. The integration of several such microfluidic components promotes the development of disposable lab-on-a-chip platforms for precise sample volume control addressing, e.g. active dosing, transportation, merging and mixing of nanoliter liquid volumes. Moreover, microfluidic pumps based on the composite actuator have been incorporated with sharp and hollow microneedles to realize a microneedle-based transdermal patch which exhibits on-board liquid storage and active dispensing functionality. Such a system represents a first step toward painless, minimally invasive and transdermal administration of macromolecular drugs such as insulin or vaccines. The presented on-chip liquid handling concept does not require external actuators for pumping and valving, uses low-cost materials and wafer-level processes only, is highly integrable and potentially enables controlled and cost-effective transdermal microfluidic applications, as well as large-scale integrated fluidic networks for point-of care diagnostics, disposable biochips or lab-on-a-chip applications. This thesis discusses several design concepts for a large variety of microfluidic components, which are promoted by the use of the novel composite actuator. Results on the successful fabrication and evaluation of prototype devices are reported herein along with comprehensive process parameters on a novel full-wafer adhesive bonding technique for the fabrication of PDMS based microfluidic devices.<br>QC 20100817
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Yin, Shi. "Integration of epitaxial piezoelectric thin films on silicon." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDL0039/document.
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Les matériaux piézoélectriques, comme le titanate-zirconate de plomb Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT), l’oxyde de zinc ZnO, ainsi que la solution solide de Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), sont actuellement l’objet d’études de plus en plus nombreuses à cause de leurs applications innovantes dans les systèmes micro-électromécaniques (MEMS). Afin de les intégrer sur substrat de silicium, certaines précautions doivent être prises en compte concernant par exemple des couches tampon, les électrodes inférieures. Dans cette thèse, des films piézoélectriques (PZT et PMN-PT) ont été épitaxiés avec succès sous forme de monocristaux sur silicium et SOI (silicon-on-insulator) par procédé sol-gel. En effet, des études récentes ont montré que les films piézoélectriques monocristallins semblent posséder des propriétés supérieures à celles des films polycristallins, permettant ainsi une augmentation de la performance des dispositifs MEMS. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de réaliser l'épitaxie de film monocristallin de matériaux piézoélectriques sur silicium. L'utilisation d’une couche tampon d'oxyde de gadolinium (Gd2O3) ou de titanate de strontium (SrTiO3 ou STO) déposés par la technique d’épitaxie par jets moléculaires (EJM) a été explorée en détail pour favoriser l’épitaxie du PZT et PMN-PT sur silicium. Sur le système Gd2O3/Si(111), l’étude par diffraction des rayons X (XRD) de la croissance du film PZT montre que le film est polyphasé avec la présence de la phase parasite pyrochlore non ferroélectrique. Cependant, le film PZT déposé sur le système STO/Si(001) est parfaitement épitaxié sous forme d’un film monocristallin. Afin de mesurer ses propriétés électriques, une couche de ruthenate de strontium conducteur SrRuO3 (SRO) déposée par ablation laser pulsé (PLD) a été utilisée comme l'électrode inférieure à cause de son excellente conductibilité et de sa structure cristalline pérovskite similaire à celle du PZT. Les caractérisations électriques sur des condensateurs Ru/PZT/SRO démontrent de très bonnes propriétés ferroélectriques avec présence de cycles d'hystérésis. Par ailleurs, le matériau relaxeur PMN-PT a aussi été épitaxié sur STO/Si comme l’a confirmé la diffraction des rayons X ainsi que la microscopie électronique en transmission (TEM). Ce film monocristallin est de la phase de perovskite sans présence de pyrochlore. En outre, une étude en transmission du rayonnement infrarouge au synchrotron a prouvé une transition de phase diffuse sur une large gamme de température, comme attendue dans le cas d’un relaxeur. L'autre intérêt d'avoir des films PZT monocristallins déposés sur silicium et SOI est de pouvoir utiliser les méthodes de structuration du silicium bien standardisées maintenant pour fabriquer les dispositifs MEMS. La mise au point d’un procédé de micro-structuration en salle blanche a permis de réaliser des cantilevers et des membranes afin de caractériser mécaniquement les couches piézoélectriques. Des déplacements par l'application d'une tension électrique ont ainsi pu être détectés par interférométrie. Finalement, cette caractérisation par interférométrie a été combinée avec une modélisation basée sur la méthode des éléments finis. Dans le futur, il sera nécessaire d’optimiser le procédé de microfabrication du dispositif MEMS afin d’en améliorer les performances électromécaniques. Enfin, des caractérisations au niveau du dispositif MEMS lui-même devront être développées en vue de leur utilisation dans de futures applications<br>Recently, piezoelectric materials, like lead titanate zirconate Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT), zinc oxide ZnO, and the solid solution Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), increasingly receive intensive studies because of their innovative applications in the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In order to integrate them on silicon substrate, several preliminaries must be taken into considerations, e.g. buffer layer, bottom electrode. In this thesis, piezoelectric films (PZT and PMN-PT) have been successfully epitaxially grown on silicon and SOI (silicon-on-insulator) in the form of single crystal by sol-gel process. In fact, recent studies show that single crystalline films seem to possess the superior properties than that of polycrystalline films, leading to an increase of the performance of MEMS devices. The first objective of this thesis was to realize the epitaxial growth of single crystalline film of piezoelectric materials on silicon. The use of a buffer layer of gadolinium oxide(Gd2O3) or strontium titanate (SrTiO3 or STO) deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been studied in detail to integrate epitaxial PZT and PMN-PT films on silicon. For Gd2O3/Si(111) system, the study of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the growth of PZT film shows that the film is polycrystalline with coexistence of the nonferroelectric parasite phase, i.e. pyrochlore phase. On the other hand, the PZT film deposited on STO/Si(001) substrate is successfully epitaxially grown in the form of single crystalline film. In order to measure the electrical properties, a layer of strontium ruthenate (SrRuO3 or SRO) deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been employed for bottom electrode due to its excellent conductivity and perovskite crystalline structure similar to that of PZT. The electrical characterization on Ru/PZT/SRO capacitors demonstrates good ferroelectric properties with the presence of hysteresis loop. Besides, the relaxor ferroelectric PMN-PT has been also epitaxially grown on STO/Si and confirmed by XRD and transmission electrical microscopy (TEM). This single crystalline film has the perovskite phase without the appearance of pyrochlore. Moreover, the study of infrared transmission using synchrotron radiation has proven a diffused phase transition over a large range of temperature, indicating a typical relaxor ferroelectric material. The other interesting in the single crystalline PZT films deposited on silicon and SOI is to employ them in the application of MEMS devices, where the standard silicon techniques are used. The microfabrication process performed in the cleanroom has permitted to realize cantilevers and membranes in order to mechanically characterize the piezoelectric layers. Mechanical deflection under the application of an electric voltage could be detected by interferometry. Eventually, this characterization by interferometry has been studied using the modeling based on finite element method and analytic method. In the future, it will be necessary to optimize the microfabrication process of MEMS devices based on single crystalline piezoelectric films in order to ameliorate the electromechanical performance. Finally, the characterizations at MEMS device level must be developed for their utilization in the future applications