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Journal articles on the topic 'Systems of microsystems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Peterson, K. A., K. D. Patel, C. K. Ho, et al. "LTCC Microsystems and Microsystem Packaging and Integration Applications." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 3, no. 3 (2006): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-3.3.109.

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Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) has proven to be an enabling medium for microsystem technologies, because of its desirable electrical, physical, and chemical properties coupled with its capability for rapid prototyping and scalable manufacturing of components. LTCC is viewed as an extension of hybrid microcircuits, and in that function it enables development, testing, and deployment of silicon microsystems. However, its versatility has allowed it to succeed as a microsystem medium in its own right, with applications in non-microelectronic meso-scale devices and in a range of sensor devi

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2

Esashi, Masayoshi, and Shuji Tanaka. "Integrated Microsystems." Advances in Science and Technology 81 (September 2012): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.81.55.

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Technology called MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) or microsystems are heterogeneous integration on silicon chips and play important roles as sensors. MEMS as switches and resonators fabricated on LSI are needed for future multi-band wireless systems. MEMS for safety systems as event driven tactile sensor network for nursing robot are developed. Wafer level packaging for MEMS and open collaboration to reduce the cost for the development are discussed.

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MOKWA, WILFRIED. "ADVANCED SENSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS ON SOI." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 10, no. 01 (2000): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156400000180.

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In the recent decade microsystem technologies (MST) have become a very important field. A lot of miniaturized sensors and microsystems based on silicon technologies have been developed and are in production now. Airbag control for example is mostly based on silicon acceleration sensors. Besides the existing products new products are emerging like drug delivery systems, labs on chip for DNA-analysis or electronic noses. Using SOI new sensor and actuator concepts have become possible. Dielectric insulation offers new possibilities concerning mechanical, thermal or electrical behavior. Microsenso

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Ahn, Kihoon, Sung-Hwan Kim, Gi-Hun Lee, SeungJin Lee, Yun Seok Heo, and Joong Yull Park. "Features of Microsystems for Cultivation and Characterization of Stem Cells with the Aim of Regenerative Therapy." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6023132.

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Stem cells have infinite potential for regenerative therapy thanks to their advantageous ability which is differentiable to requisite cell types for recovery and self-renewal. The microsystem has been proved to be more helpful to stem cell studies compared to the traditional methods, relying on its advantageous feature of mimickingin vivocellular environments as well as other profitable features such as minimum sample consumption for analysis and multiprocedures. A wide variety of microsystems were developed for stem cell studies; however, regenerative therapy-targeted applications of microtec

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Kobuszewska, Anna, Ewelina Tomecka, Kamil Zukowski, et al. "Heart-on-a-Chip: An Investigation of the Influence of Static and Perfusion Conditions on Cardiac (H9C2) Cell Proliferation, Morphology, and Alignment." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 22, no. 5 (2017): 536–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630317705610.

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Lab-on-a-chip systems are increasingly used as tools for cultures and investigation of cardiac cells. In this article, we present how the geometry of microsystems and microenvironmental conditions (static and perfusion) influence the proliferation, morphology, and alignment of cardiac cells (rat cardiomyoblasts—H9C2). Additionally, studies of cell growth after incubation with verapamil hydrochloride were performed. For this purpose, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)/glass microfluidic systems with three different geometries of microchambers (a circular chamber, a longitudinal channel, and three pa

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6

Esashi, Masayoshi. "Introduction to the special issue: microrobots and distributed microactuators in Japan." Robotica 14, no. 5 (1996): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700019925.

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This special issue in Robotica contains papers from Japanese authors on microrobots and distributed microactuators. Advances in technology made possible progress in the realm of small but complicated microsystems that include different elements, such as sensors, circuits and actuators. Microsystems are also called micromachines or microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); microsystems which move like insects are termed microrobots.

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7

Wallrabe, U., P. Ruther, T. Schaller, and W. K. Schomburg. "Microsystems in Medicine." International Journal of Artificial Organs 21, no. 3 (1998): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889802100304.

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The complexity of modern surgical and analytical methods requires the miniaturisation of many medical devices. The LIGA technique and also mechanical microengineering are well known for the batch fabrication of microsystems. Actuators and sensors are developed based on these techniques. The hydraulic actuation principle is advantageous for medical applications since the energy may be supplied by pressurised balanced salt solution. Some examples are turbines, pumps and valves. In addition, optical sensors and components are useful for analysis and inspection as represented by microspectrometers

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8

Bermudez, Juliette F., Juan F. Saldarriaga, and Johann F. Osma. "Portable and Low-Cost Respirometric Microsystem for the Static and Dynamic Respirometry Monitoring of Compost." Sensors 19, no. 19 (2019): 4132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194132.

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Composting is considered an option for the disposal of organic waste; however, the development of portable and low-cost systems for its monitoring is of high interest. Therefore, in this study, respirometric microsystems were designed and tested including two integrated oxygen sensors for the measurement of compost samples under static and dynamic conditions with high portability and ease of use. The cost of each sensor was calculated as 2 USD, while the cost of the whole respirometric microsystem was calculated as 6 USD. The electronic system for real-time monitoring was also designed and imp

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9

Jensen, Klavs F., Brandon J. Reizman, and Stephen G. Newman. "Tools for chemical synthesis in microsystems." Lab Chip 14, no. 17 (2014): 3206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc00330f.

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10

Roulet, Jean-Christophe. "Microlens systems for fluorescence detection in chemical microsystems." Optical Engineering 40, no. 5 (2001): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1359522.

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11

Hodgins, Diana. "Artificial Means for Improving Human Motion." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 1, no. 2 (2004): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/742983.

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This paper gives a brief description of some of the key ongoing product developments in Europe for medical implants. A range of medical systems that are currently being developed under European-funded programmes are briefly described. The first is an implant that helps people with ‘dropped foot’ improve their walking. Further research on body-worn inertial measuring systems (IMUs) and microsystems will extend the capabilities to other lower-limb and upper-limb applications in the future. Other medical systems being developed with the use of microsystems and nanotechnology include a system to a

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12

Flôres, Fábio Saraiva, Luis P. Rodrigues, Fernando Copetti, Frederico Lopes, and Rita Cordovil. "Affordances for Motor Skill Development in Home, School, and Sport Environments: A Narrative Review." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 3 (2019): 366–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512519829271.

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Through development, a child's varied movement contexts provide different opportunities or affordances for action that are fundamental to promoting motor competence. Although home is the primary environment for infants, as children age, school and sport environments gain importance. Studies focusing on affordances for motor behavior in children have mainly addressed the home microsystem, providing an incomplete picture of affordances across different settings, particularly later in development. Here, we undertook a narrative literature review of various affordances for children's motor develop

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Torres Vidal, Alana, Igor L. Medintz, and Hieu Bui. "DNA Microsystems for Biodiagnosis." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (2020): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040445.

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Researchers are continuously making progress towards diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases. However, there are still major issues that are presenting many challenges for current medical diagnosis. On the other hand, DNA nanotechnology has evolved significantly over the last three decades and is highly interdisciplinary. With many potential technologies derived from the field, it is natural to begin exploring and incorporating its knowledge to develop DNA microsystems for biodiagnosis in order to help address current obstacles, such as disease detection and drug resistance. Here, current

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14

Lyshevski, Sergey Edward. "Control of dynamic microsystems." International Journal of Systems Science 46, no. 15 (2014): 2770–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2013.879231.

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15

Xie, Huikai, and Frederic Zamkotsian. "Editorial for the Special Issue on Optical MEMS." Micromachines 10, no. 7 (2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10070458.

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Optical micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS), or optical microsystems are devices or systems that interact with light through actuation or sensing at a micron or millimeter scale [...]

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16

Hilse, D., J. Kapała, K. Sztymelski, N. Zeltins, and J. Ekmanis. "Researching and Designing Photovoltaic Microsystems." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 53, no. 1 (2016): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpts-2016-0004.

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Abstract Research on the photovoltaic module efficiency in the south of Poland was conducted in 2009 in Stryszawa and afterwards in 2012 in Zabrze and Stryszawa. The research involved taking measurements of electric energy produced by systems of various power and technical solutions. The efficiency of PV modules was compared to the intensity of solar radiation in the locations under consideration and, thus, the efficiency of converting solar energy into electricity was determined. The research results facilitated designing and mounting of forty PV microsystems in Zabrze in 2014 (power from 200

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17

Inbody, Shelby C., Bridgett E. Sinquefield, Joshua P. Lewis, and Renita E. Horton. "Biomimetic microsystems for cardiovascular studies." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 320, no. 5 (2021): C850—C872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00026.2020.

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Traditional tissue culture platforms have been around for several decades and have enabled key findings in the cardiovascular field. However, these platforms failed to recreate the mechanical and dynamic features found within the body. Organs-on-chips (OOCs) are cellularized microfluidic-based devices that can mimic the basic structure, function, and responses of organs. These systems have been successfully utilized in disease, development, and drug studies. OOCs are designed to recapitulate the mechanical, electrical, chemical, and structural features of the in vivo microenvironment. Here, we

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18

Fries, David, Liesl Hotaling, Geran Barton, Stan Ivanov, Michelle Janowiak, and Matt Smith. "PCBMEMS as a Flexible Path to Devices and Systems across Spatial Scales." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (2011): 000597–634. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-ta24.

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PCB technology based on both rigid and flexible laminates is desirable for miniaturization of mobile devices and systems. The technology provides substantial flexibility in systems design. The ability to use flexible microsystems allows new sensing systems for mobile applications. Using this design, fabrication and construction approach allows lightweight, complex, and space efficient systems. Flex microsystems based on structurable, non-fiber filled laminates permits miniaturization to occur at two levels: at the micro scale with the embedding of microstructures in the substrate, and at the m

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19

Schönecker, Andreas, and Sylvia Gebhardt. "Microsystems Technologies for Use in Structures and Integrated Systems." Advances in Science and Technology 56 (September 2008): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.76.

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Piezoceramics are considered as key functional material in micro systems and smart structure technology. Showing superior mechanical, dielectric, pyroelectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties they introduce improved functionality, e.g. sensing, actuation, energy harvesting, health monitoring or shape control. Various applications such as micro integrated valves, drives, voltage converter, piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ultrasound sensors are expected. Another field of application concerns active structures in space, automotive or machine building industry. Progress was achieved by

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20

WIGAN, M. R. "Engineering Tools for Building Knowledge-Based Systems on Microsystems." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 1, no. 1 (2008): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.1986.tb00113.x.

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21

Yang, G., J. A. Gaines, and B. J. Nelson. "Optomechatronic Design of Microassembly Systems for Manufacturing Hybrid Microsystems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 52, no. 4 (2005): 1013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2005.851665.

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22

Bäcklund, Ylva. "Micromechanics in optical microsystems - with focus on telecom systems." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 7, no. 3 (1997): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/7/3/003.

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23

Wunderle, Bernhard, and B. Michel. "Lifetime modelling for microsystems integration: from nano to systems." Microsystem Technologies 15, no. 6 (2009): 799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-009-0860-z.

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24

Sawan, Mohamad, B. Gosselin, J. Coulombe, A. E. Ayoub, A. Chaudhuri, and F. Leporé. "Implantable Electronics for the Recovery of Neuromuscular Functions." Advances in Science and Technology 57 (September 2008): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.57.204.

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This paper covers circuits and systems techniques for the construction of high reliability biosensing and stimulation medical devices. Such microsystems are dedicated for interconnections through either the central or the peripheral nervous systems. Low-power high-reliability wireless links are used to power up the implanted devices while data are exchanged bidirectionaly between these implants and external controllers. A global view of main devices is given, case studies related to applications such as bladder control, intracortical monitoring and microstimulation are discussed, altogether wi

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25

Acero Cacho, Raquel, Jorge Santolaria Mazo, and Marcos Pueo Arteta. "Double Flank Roll Testing as Verification Technique for Micro Gears." Key Engineering Materials 615 (June 2014): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.615.45.

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In recent years there has been a considerable interest in microsystems, named as MEMS (Micro Electromechanical Systems). Its continuing expansion is expected, derived from the trend towards miniaturization of components and the increasing applications for these micro devices. To overcome this, the technology to produce these products known as microsystem technology (MST), has been improving in order to allow the manufacturing of this type of parts becoming of growing importance over the past years. Micro gears are commonly used in electronics industry where the miniaturization process follows

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26

Lindner, Duane. "Microsystems for Chemical and Biological Applications." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 4 (2001): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.75.

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Over the past decade, there has been an explosive growth in efforts directed at developing and utilizing an array of novel microsystems in important applications in chemistry and biology. In parallel, the commercial potential of these applications has fueled the creation of hundreds of new companies and the expansion of research and development efforts at established commercial organizations. In this article, we outline the spectrum of applications of these systems and highlight some of the materials and fabrication challenges that they present.

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27

Darintsev, O. V. "The use of virtualization technologies in control systems of micro-robots and microsystems." Proceedings of the Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics 9, no. 2 (2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21662/uim2012.2.047.

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When synthesizing control systems of microrobots, the weakest information support is a very serious problem: miniature sizes of robots, limited computing and energy resources do not allow to fully implement all the necessary channels for collecting (processing) information. Some parameters of the external environment and microobjects (microsystems) that have a significant influence on the operational characteristics and functioning of microsystems cann’t be measured: roughness, contact patch profile, magnitude of charge distributed over the surface of the object, etc. The way out of this situa

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Elders, Job, Vincent Spiering, and Steve Walsh. "Microsystems Technology (MST) and MEMS Applications: An Overview." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 4 (2001): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.69.

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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), microsystems technology (MST), and micromachines are roughly synonymous terms applied in the United States, Europe, and Japan, respectively, for manufacturing technologies that are enabling miniaturization and the development of useful products.

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Panas, Robert M., Michael A. Cullinan, and Martin L. Culpepper. "Design of piezoresistive-based MEMS sensor systems for precision microsystems." Precision Engineering 36, no. 1 (2012): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2011.07.004.

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30

Skidmore, G., M. Ellis, A. Geisberger, et al. "Parallel assembly of microsystems using Si micro electro mechanical systems." Microelectronic Engineering 67-68 (June 2003): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9317(03)00100-x.

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31

Nelson, Eugene C., Marjorie M. Godfrey, Paul B. Batalden, et al. "Clinical Microsystems, Part 1. The Building Blocks of Health Systems." Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 34, no. 7 (2008): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(08)34047-1.

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32

Afanasjev, P. V., O. S. Bokhov, S. Yu Ilyin, and V. V. Luchinin. "Energy Convertors. Conformally Integrated Hybrid Microsystems." Nano- i mikrosistemnaya tehnika 22, no. 4 (2020): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.22.214-219.

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33

Dorey, R. A. "Challenges in Integration of Piezoelectric Ceramics in Micro Electromechanical Systems." Materials Science Forum 606 (October 2008): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.606.43.

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thick films, a few tens of micrometres thick, are of technological interest for integration with microsystems to create micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) with high sensitivity and power output. This paper examines the challenges faced in integrating thick film PZT with other materials to create functional micro devices. Thermal, chemical and mechanical challenges associated with integration will be examined and potential solutions explored.

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34

Beddar, Mohand. "Intra and Inter Language Control for French to Arabic Machine Translation in the Security Domain." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.772.

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The TACCT (Traduction Automatique Contrôlée Centre Tesnière) system architecture draws its strength from two main areas governed by microsystemic theory due to Sylviane Cardey: controlled language and contrastive linguistics. In this approach where the French and Arabic languages are brought close together by using a comparison of the two linguistic systems and control of the respective languages, the most appropriate approach seems to be unquestionably the microsystemic one. This is because the microsystemic approach is able to address the particular needs of each language considered by th

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35

Walton, Anthony J., and Stewart Smith. "A Review of Test Structures for Characterising Microelectronic and MEMS Technology." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.356.

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This paper reviews present day test structures and illustrates how they have evolved to a continuously changing technology. Structures for measuring resistivity, contact resistance, feature dimensions and overlay errors are presented as are MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems)/microsystems specific devices.

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36

Lyutykh, Elena, Martha J. Strickland, Lyn Fasoli, and Beatrice Adera. "Third Parties in Home-School Connections: Learning from Conversations with Nondominant Families Crossing Cultures." Journal of Family Diversity in Education 2, no. 2 (2016): 35–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53956/jfde.2016.84.

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Guided by a networked model of Ecological Systems Theory, this qualitative study listened to nondominant families who had crossed cultures and sent children to schools in cultural contexts different from those of the parents’ upbringing. Researchers looked at the mesosystemic interactions between the microsystems of the family and the microsystems of the school through the eyes of the families in order to capture “third parties” and common patterns of social relations and interactions that families engaged in around school. Families insisted on keeping home and school settings separate and rev

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37

Nguyen, Nam-Trung. "Research Highlight Soft Microsystems - A Paradigm Shift in Engineering Small Systems." Micro and Nanosystems 7, no. 1 (2015): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187640290701150729123546.

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38

Arney, Susanne. "Designing for MEMS Reliability." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 4 (2001): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.63.

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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are being manufactured in the hundreds of millions and are widely deployed for pressure sensor, accelerometer, display, and printing applications. This suggests customer confidence in the longterm reliability of MEMS (also known as microsystems or micromachines) under diverse stringent conditions.

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Beal, Aubrey N., and Robert N. Dean. "A Survey of Nonlinear Phenomena and Chaos in Microsystems and Packaging." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, DPC (2016): 001498–542. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016dpc-wp31.

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Suri, Mohammad A., and Brian H. Kleiner. "New Developments in Microprocessors and Microsystems." Industrial Management & Data Systems 91, no. 5 (1991): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02635579110004656.

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Chatterjee, S., and A. Saha. "On the theoretical basis of vibro-frictional actuation in microsystems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 1 (2007): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/10954406jmes402.

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The present article discusses the theoretical basis of generating stepping motion in microsystems. The fundamental principle is to generate asymmetry in friction force in forward and backward motions of a rigid slider by modulating the normal and tangential force. Three architecturally different mechanisms, namely directly driven embedded oscillator, slider on vibrating surface, and slider with embedded oscillator on vibrating surface models, are considered. Simple mathematical models and analytical methods for studying the dynamic characteristics of the systems are developed. Different types

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Tolochko, N. K. "Application of Additive Technologies for Manufactoring Non-Electronic Components of Microsystems." Nano- i Mikrosistemnaya Tehnika 23, no. 4 (2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/nmst.23.193-200.

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It is problematic to apply traditional microtechnologies for the manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) components of microsystems due to a number of inherent disadvantages. It is much more promising to use additive technologies for these purposes. In present paper various additive technologies used for manufacturing non-electronic components of microsystems as well as various non-electronic components manufactured using these technologies are considered. The peculiarities of the implementation of additive technologies in the manufacture of non-electronic microcomponents are discussed. More than

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Colin, Stéphane, and Lucien Baldas. "Editorial for the Special Issue on Gas Flows in Microsystems." Micromachines 10, no. 8 (2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080494.

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Torisawa, Yu-suke, and Yi-Chung Tung. "Editorial for the Special Issue on Organs-on-Chips." Micromachines 11, no. 4 (2020): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11040369.

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Song, Enming, Chia-Han Chiang, Rui Li, et al. "Flexible electronic/optoelectronic microsystems with scalable designs for chronic biointegration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 31 (2019): 15398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907697116.

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Flexible biocompatible electronic systems that leverage key materials and manufacturing techniques associated with the consumer electronics industry have potential for broad applications in biomedicine and biological research. This study reports scalable approaches to technologies of this type, where thin microscale device components integrate onto flexible polymer substrates in interconnected arrays to provide multimodal, high performance operational capabilities as intimately coupled biointerfaces. Specificially, the material options and engineering schemes summarized here serve as foundatio

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Raulli, M., and K. Maute. "Topology optimization of electrostatically actuated microsystems." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 30, no. 5 (2005): 342–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-005-0531-3.

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Charmet, Rodrigues, Yildirim, et al. "Low-Cost Microfabrication Tool Box." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020135.

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Microsystems are key enabling technologies, with applications found in almost every industrial field, including in vitro diagnostic, energy harvesting, automotive, telecommunication, drug screening, etc. Microsystems, such as microsensors and actuators, are typically made up of components below 1000 microns in size that can be manufactured at low unit cost through mass-production. Yet, their development for commercial or educational purposes has typically been limited to specialized laboratories in upper-income countries due to the initial investment costs associated with the microfabrication

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Esteban-Pérez, Sergio, Irene Bravo-Osuna, Vanessa Andrés-Guerrero, Irene T. Molina-Martínez, and Rocío Herrero-Vanrell. "Trojan Microparticles Potential for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 4 (2020): 570–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190905150331.

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The administration of drugs to treat ocular disorders still remains a technological challenge in this XXI century. Although there is an important arsenal of active molecules useful to treat ocular diseases, ranging from classical compounds to biotechnological products, currenty, no ideal delivery system is able to profit all their therapeutic potential. Among the Intraocular Drug Delivery Systems (IODDS) proposed to overcome some of the most important limitations, microsystems and nanosystems have raised high attention. While microsystems are able to offer long-term release after intravitreal

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Fischer, M., T. Mache, B. Pawlowski, D. Schabbel, and J. Müller. "SiCer - A substrate to combine ceramic and silicon based micro systems." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, CICMT (2012): 000158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2012-tp35.

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A silicon-on-ceramic (SiCer) wafer-shaped substrate, allowing a simultaneous fabrication of ceramic and silicon based microsystems is presented. The substrate, based on the recently introduced 'silicon-on-ceramic integration concept', can be processed by standard MEMS and LTCC technologies. The monolithic compound is fabricated by using lamination and pressure assisted firing of a nano patterned silicon wafer with a low temperature cofired ceramic tape (LTCC). The LTCC is adapted to silicon (TCE and morphology). LTCC functionalities such as electrical and thermal vias, passives, fluidic channe

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Norman, W. R., and M. F. Walter. "Farmer Water Costs and Related Performance in Irrigated Systems: Case Studies from the Sahel." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 2 (January 1, 1997): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol2iss0pp1-12.

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Abstract:

In the Republic of Niger, eight exemplary irrigation systems were studied. ranging from large, government- administered perimeters to small, privately-owned, manual-lift microsystems. The total cost to the thinner for water, the various components of that cost, and related farmer and system performance were evaluated and found to vary significantly among systems. Irrigation systems in which farmers incur the highest volumetric costs for water and which allow for greater direct farmer control over system water management tend to exhibit the highest performance characteristics.

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