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Journal articles on the topic "T (9;22)"
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Dewan, Khushboo, and Shailaja Shukla. "Sweet′s Syndrome in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with t (9:22)." Cancer Translational Medicine 1, no. 2 (2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2395-3977.155933.
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Khurana, Surbhi, Purva Mathur, Nidhi Bhardwaj, Minu Kumari, Sushma Sagar, Subodh Kumar, Amit Gupta, Richa Aggarwal, Kapil Dev Soni, and Rajesh Malhotra. "Dynamics of T helper 9, T helper 22, and regulatory T helper cells in minor & major trauma." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 143, no. 2 (February 2019): AB109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.331.
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Albertini, Richard J., Elizabeth W. Carter, Janice A. Nicklas, Pamela M. Vacek, and Vernon E. Walker. "1,3-Butadiene, CML and the t(9:22) translocation: A reality check." Chemico-Biological Interactions 241 (November 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.011.
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Albano, Francesco, Luisa Anelli, Antonella Zagaria, Nicoletta Coccaro, Pietro D'Addabbo, Vincenzo Liso, Mariano Rocchi, and Giorgina Specchia. "Genomic Segmental Duplications at the Basis of t(9;22) Rearrangement in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 3261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3261.3261.
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Abstract Abstract 3261 Poster Board III-1 A crucial role of segmental duplications (SDs) of the human genome has been demonstrated in chromosomal rearrangements associated with several genomic disorders. Limited knowledge is yet available on the molecular processes resulting in chromosomal rearrangements in tumors. The t(9;22)(q34;q11) causing the 5'BCR/3'ABL gene formation has been detected in more than 90% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases. Some years ago, a 76-kb duplicon was reported, closely located to both ABL and BCR genes which are involved in the t(9;22)(q34;q11) translocation associated with CML. However, the exact role of this duplicon in mediating the t(9;22) rearrangement remained mostly speculative. In 10–18% of CML patients genomic deletions were detected on der(9) chromosome next to translocation breakpoints. The molecular mechanism triggering the t(9;22) and deletions on der(9) is still unknown. Our study presents an experimental evidence of the involvement of SDs in the genesis of the t(9;22) translocation in CML and in the occurrence of genomic deletions on der(9) chromosome. We identified 71 (17%) cases with der(9) deletions by FISH screening of 416 CML patients at diagnosis. Fine-mapping of deletions was performed using appropriate bacterial and Phage P1-derived artificial chromosome clones. The deletions sizes were heterogeneous, ranging from 230 Kb to 12.9 Mb on chromosome 22 and from 260 Kb to 41.8 Mb on chromosome 9. The mapping of all breakpoints revealed an evident breakpoints clustering, on both chromosomes 9 and 22, in two regions of about 2 Mb in size. Indeed, these regions contained the breakpoints detected in 54 out of 60 (90%) patients bearing chromosome 9 deletions and in all patients with chromosome 22 sequences loss. Bioinformatic analysis of chromosome 9 and chromosome 22 genomic regions involved in the deletions was performed to search for features that could correlate with the breakpoints clustering. To this aim, the breakpoint regions were subdivided into 250 Kb intervals. The most striking result was the fact that both clusters contain the above reported 76-kb duplicon, shared by chromosome 9 and 22 (SD_9/22). The SD_9/22 is the only duplication located inside the breakpoints clustering region on chromosome 9, whereas the chromosome 22 clustering region harbors several duplications. A remarkable feature of the chromosome 9 clustering region was the high frequency of Alu repeats. The mean Alu frequency overall on chromosome 9 is 10.8%, whereas the average Alu content on this cluster is 31.3%. Accordingly, as expected, the content in LINE sequences of the region was relatively low (average overall on chromosome 9: 21.2%, as opposed to 8.7% on the cluster region). Gene distribution analysis of chromosome 9 and 22 showed that both SD_9/22 map inside gene-poor regions, of about 460 Kb and 250 Kb in size, respectively. To corroborate the observations on the distribution of SDs and Alu/LINE repeats, the chromosome 9 and 22 regions surrounding the SD_9/22 were once more divided into 250 Kb segments, positioning the SD_9 and SD_22 as landmarks. A statistically significant negative association was observed between the number of breaks and the distance from SD_9/22, on both chromosomes 9 (p=0.01) and 22 (p=0.006), respectively. The relationship between the breaks and the interspersed repeats revealed, on chromosome 9, a positive linear regression with Alu repeats (p=0.04), and a negative one with LINEs (p=0.04). Very similar conclusions were obtained by comparing the distance from the SD_9 and the Alu (p= 0.03, positive) and LINE distribution (p=0.02, negative). No statistically significant relationship was observed on chromosome 22. In our study the involvement of SDs was proposed to explain the recurrent t(9;22) translocation in CML and the genomic deletions that could accompany the rearrangement. Although the chromosomes 9 and 22 breakpoints clustering regions are quite large, the strong non-randomness of SD_9/22 location and the genomic features identified in our work suggest that the chromosomal segments near the ABL and BCR genes are brought together by an active process, facilitating recombination. At the light of these findings, the analysis of secondary non-recurrent events could represent a new methodological approach able to identify architectural elements involved in the occurrence of recurrent primary rearrangements in human neoplasia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bojanini Molina, Leyla, Muhamad Alhaj Moustafa, Ricardo Daniel Parrondo, Karan Seegobin, Jacquelyn Hastings, Nicole Gannon, Bradford Hoppe, et al. "Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma: The Mayo Clinic experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e20036-e20036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e20036.
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e20036 Background: Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HSTL) is a rare subtype of mature T cell lymphomas accounting for less than 1 percent of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. it has been associated with poor prognosis. It typically involves sinusoids in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Methods: Following IRB approval, we retrospectively evaluated patients with HSTL treated at the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center 1996-2019. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate analysis to identify prognostic factors were performed. We investigated clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with HSTL. Results: 22 patients (15 males) with median age of 45.5 years (range- 15.5-80.6) were identified. The majority of patients had B symptoms (12/22), cyotpenias (20/22), massive splenomegaly (16/22), liver involvement (13/22), and/or bone marrow involvement (14/22). Additionally, 42% tested positive for peripheral blood involvement and 8/22 (36%) were on chronic immunosuppression related to solid organ transplant (2), inflammatory bowel disease (2), and rheumatologic disorders (4). Phenotypically, the majority of patients were positive for gamma/delta (18/22), isochromosome 7q (8/13), and 4/9 (44%) tested positive for trisomy 8. Initial therapies included CHOP/CHOEP (14), ICE (2), EPOCH (1), pentostatin (1), and radiation (1). The median follow-up was 33 months (range 2,137). Progression free survival and overall survival (OS) were 9.5 months (95% CI; 1.8, 16.3) and 12 months (95% CI; 4.9, 18.5) respectively. 10/22 (45%) underwent splenectomy with one patient receiving splenectomy alone as treatment. 8/22 (36%) had stem cell transplant (SCT- 5 allogeneic and 3 autologous). Out of the 22 patients 4 (18%) were long-term survivors with 55, 74, 95, and 137 months; 3/4 had splenectomy at diagnosis and 2/4 had allogeneic SCT. The longest survivor had splenectomy only. Liver involvement was associated with worse OS; 10 months (95% CI; 1.6, 18) vs 35 months (95% CI; 4, NR), p = 0.036. Immune suppression at diagnosis was associated with worse OS; 5 months (95% CI; 1.3, 18) vs 18 months (95% CI; 9, 74), p = 0.036. A trend for better OS was seen with splenectomy and SCT. Conclusions: HSTL is a rare lymphoma with poor prognosis. Long-term survival was seen in 18% only. Liver involvement and immune suppression had a negative impact on OS. A larger cohort is needed to better evaluate the impact of different treatment options.
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Albano, Francesco, Luisa Anelli, Antonella Zagaria, Alessandra Pannunzio, Domenico Pastore, Antonio Cuneo, Roberta La Starza, et al. "Chromosome 9 and 22 Breakpoints Cluster Regions Definition of Deleted Sequences on der(9) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4842.4842.
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Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) that generates a BCR-ABL fusion gene on the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Large deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint on the derivative 9 chromosome have now been found, which result in genomic loss at both sides of the translocation breakpoint. We report a FISH study in CML cases bearing deletions on the der(9) chromosome. FISH analysis with specific BAC/PAC clones for the ABL1 and BCR genes was performed on bone marrow cells of 305 CML patients at diagnosis. A set of BAC/PAC probes, belonging to chromosomes 9, 22 was selected according to the University of Santa Cruz (UCSC) database and employed in FISH experiments. We detected der(9) deletions in 56 (18.4%) CML cases. Deletions of chromosome 9 sequences on the der(9) were found in 47 (84%) cases; they ranged from 350 Kb to 41.6 Mb. Chromosome 22 deletions on der(9) were found in 49 (87.5%) of the analysed cases; the deleted chromosome 22 sequences were shorter than the deleted chromosome 9 sequences (ranging from 400 Kb to 12.7 Mb). Although deletions size appeared to be heterogeneous, 2 main breakpoints cluster regions were identified proximally (at about 1.9 Mb) to the ABL and distally (at about 0.7 Mb) to the BCR genes, respectively. In fact, a cluster region of 1.1Mb, delimited by RP11-203J24 and RP11-247A12, was defined on chromosome 9 whereas a 0.8 Mb region, included between CTA-322B1 and RP5-930L11, was identified on chromosome 22. Bioinformatic analysis of breakpoints cluster regions was performed to identify sequence motifs that could mediate the chromosomal rearrangement. The presence of Matrix Association Regions (MARs) and the topoisomerase II consensus was investigated by MAR-Wiz software (http://www.futuresoft.org/modules/MarFinder/); the RepeatMasker program (http://www.repeatmasker.org/) was employed to detect interspersed repeats and low complexity DNA sequences (such as SINE, LINE, and LTR). Potential sequence similarities between breakpoints cluster regions were searched for using Genalyzer software. Sequence analysis revealed that the frequency distribution of MARs, topoisomerase II sites, and repeated elements was no different from the frequency observed in other genomic regions. Genalyzer software did not detect sequence similarities between the 2 clustering regions; however, a 76 Kb duplicon, previously reported in literature, was located at a distance of 500 kb and 550 Kb from the chromosomes 9 and 22 cluster regions, respectively. In conclusion, our analysis revealed that sequence motifs do not seem to be involved in the occurrence of der(9) deletions. We hypothesize that the presence of a duplicon could mediate the juxtaposition of ABL and BCR genes and that a probable open chromatin status of chromosomes 9 and 22 sequences could confer to DNA more vulnerability to double strand breaks, mediating the t(9;22) rearrangement and the occurrence of der(9) deletions.
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Huang, Yenlin, Anne Moreau, Jehan Dupuis, Berthold Streubel, Barbara Petit, S. Legouill, Nadine Martin-Garcia, et al. "Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas with Follicular Growth Patterns Are Derived from Follicular Helper T Cells (TFH): A Link with Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphomas?." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3568.3568.
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Abstract Nodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas represent a heterogeneous category, composed of three entities: anaplastic large cell lymphomas, peripheral T-cell lymphomas unspecified (PTCLu) and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITL). The later entity has been recently recognized to derive from follicular helper T cells (TFH). Among PTCLu - which represents an ill-defined entity - a peculiar form with follicular growth pattern (PTCL-F) has been recently reported, and one article stated their association with t(5 ;9)(q33 ;q22) involving ITK and SYK (Leukemia2006; 20: 313–318). However, the origin of tumor cells and clinical aspects of this group of PTCL-F are still unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse a series of PTCL-F to describe their clinical and histopathological aspects, to identify their cell of origin, and their relationship with AITL. Fourty-two patients from 32 to 85 years of age with 51 biopsies were selected from three Departments of Pathology (Creteil, n=24, Nantes n=13, Vienna n=14). All patients showed histopathologic features of PTCL-F in at least one biopsy. Biopsies were classified into three categories according to predominant morphological features at low power magnification: follicular lymphoma-like (n=7), progressive transformation of germinal center-like (n=22), and AITL-like features with follicular colonization (n=19). Several cases have combinations of patterns. The neoplastic population is characterized by medium-sized cells with clear cytoplasm surrounded by IgD+ B-cells. Tumor cells are of helper T-cell immunophenotype [CD2+ (33/33 = 100%), CD3+ (45/48 = 93%), CD4+ (35/42 = 83%), CD5+ (39/39 = 100%), CD7+ (7/37 = 19%)], with frequent expression of CD10 (29/43 = 67%) and of TFH markers [PDCD-1 (32/36 = 88%), CXCL13+ (33/38 = 87%), BCL6+ (15/25 = 60%), CD57+ (9/16 = 56%)]. Scattered CD20+ B-immunoblasts (27/28 = 96%) and EBV+ cells (18/30 = 60%) are also frequently observed. Seven out of 31 patients (22%) in the 3 morphological patterns have t(5 ;9)(q33 ;q22) detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization. At prentation and/or at relapse, most patients had multiple lymphadenopathies (19/23 = 83%) and disseminated disease (stages III–IV, 22/28 = 79%). Skin lesions and B symptoms were present in 7/19 (37%) and 6/22 (27%) patients, respectively. In addition, 2 patients with sequential biopsies disclosed typical clinical & histopathological features of AITL in one episode. Our results show that this rare form of PTCL has an immunophenotype indicative of TFH origin, is associated with t(5 ;9) in a proportion of cases, shows some similarities in morphology and immunophenotype with AITL, suggesting a relationship, and generates diagnostic pitfalls, especially with atypical reactive lymphoid lesions and some B-cell lymphomas. The use of immunohistochemistry with TFH markers and molecular studies can help to make a correct diagnosis.
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Gale, R. P., and J. F. Apperley. "Transmission of CML or of t(9; 22) and BCR/ABL? They are not the same." Bone Marrow Transplantation 50, no. 12 (September 14, 2015): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2015.199.
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Fei, Fei, Yingzhe Yu, Anita Schmitt, Markus T. Rojewski, Baoan Chen, Jochen Greiner, Marlies Götz, Donald Bunjes, and Michael Schmitt. "Effects of nilotinib on regulatory T cells: the dose matters." Molecular Cancer 9, no. 1 (2010): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-9-22.
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Grochowski, Jacek, Barbara Rys, Pawel Serda, and Ulrich Wagner. "Conformation in the solid state and in solution of (9R, 10R, 21R,-22R)-9, 10, 21, 22-Tetramethyl-9, 10, 21, 22-tetrahydro-7H, 12H,-19H, 24H-dinaphtho-[1, 8-f, g: 1′, 8′o, p][1.4.10.13]- tetraoxacyclooctadecin." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 6, no. 8 (August 1995): 2059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0957-4166(95)00268-t.
Full textBooks on the topic "T (9;22)"
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Nominations for the Department of Veterans Affairs: Hearings before the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, on the nominations of Raoul L. Carroll ... Allen B. Clark, Jr. ... S. Anthony McCann ... Edward T. Timperlake ... Edward G. Lewis ... Jo Ann Krukar Webb ... David E. Lewis ... and Ronald E. Ray ... September 22, October 4, and November 9, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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Seeing and Understanding Jesus: A Literary and Theological Commentary on Mark 8:22-9:13. University Press of America, 2005.
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Seeing and Understanding Jesus: A Literary and Theological Commentary on Mark 8:22-9:13. University Press of America, 2005.
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An Issue of Relevance: A Comparative Study of the Story of the Bleeding Woman (Mk 5: 25-34; Mt 9:20-22; Lk 8:43-48) in North Atlantic and African Contexts (Bible and Theology in Africa, V. 5). Peter Lang Publishing, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "T (9;22)"
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Ghayur, Tariq, and Subhashis Banerjee. "Chapter 22. Cytokines in T Cell Maturation." In Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 219–26. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60584-9.
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Dickens, Charles. "To J. T. Gordon, [22 November 1861]." In The British Academy/The Pilgrim Edition of the Letters of Charles Dickens, Vol. 9: 1859–1861, edited by Graham Storey. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00117725.
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Taber, Douglass. "Stereocontrolled Construction of Arrays of Stereogenic Centers." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0041.
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Complex natural products and even some complex pharmaceuticals contain arrays of stereogenic centers. Sometimes, the desired array is readily available from a natural product, but usually, such arrays of multiple stereogenic centers must be assembled. Armando Córdova of Stockholm University has reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 778) a simple procedure for the organocatalyst-mediated addition of the nitrene equivalent 2 to an α, β-unsaturated aldehyde to give the protected aziridine 4 in high ee. Organocatalysis was also used (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 1001) by Arumugam Sudalai of the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, to effect coupling of the aldehyde 5 with dibenzylazodicarboxylate 6 to give, following the List procedure, the intermediate aldehyde 7. Osmylation of the derived unsaturated ester 8 proceeded with high diastereocontrol, to give 9. Products 4 and 9 have adjacent stereogenic centers. Hisashi Yamamoto of the University of Chicago has introduced (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 2762) the linchpin reagent acetaldehyde “super”silyl enol ether 11. Diastereoselective addition of 11 to the enantiomerically-pure aldehyde 10, with concomitant silyl transfer, followed by the addition of allyl magnesium bromide delivered the protected triol 12 in high de and ee. Arrays that combine alkylated and oxygenated or aminated centers are also important. Akio Kamimura of Yamaguchi University took (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 3569) a Baylis- Hillman like approach, adding thiophenoxide to t -butyl acrylate in the presence of an enantiomerically-pure aldehyde N-sulfinimine such as 13 to give the adduct 14 with high diastereocontrol. Keiji Maruoka of Kyoto University has designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 1738) the chiral amine 17, that catalyzed the condensation of an aldehyde with ethyl glyoxylate 16 with high enantiocontrol. In a very thoughtful approach, Liu-Zhu Gong of the University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei extended (Chem. Commun. 2007, 736) the now-classic aldol condensation of cyclohexanone to 4-substituted cyclohexanones such as 19. The product 21 could be carried in many directions, including to the Bayer-Villiger product 22. Arrays of alkylated and polyalkylated centers have been among the most challenging to prepare.
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Taber, Douglass F. "New Methods for C-C Bond Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0023.
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Luigino Troisi of the University of Salento found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 371) that a variety of primary and secondary amines could be coupled with a benzylic halide 1 under carbonylating conditions. Ilhyong Ryu of Osaka Prefecture University showed (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 1548) that under reducing conditions, an iodide 3 coupled with CO to give the primary alcohol. Felicia A. Etzkorn of Virginia Tech observed (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 696) that under Hg hydrolysis conditions, the orthothioester derived from 5 coupled with 6 to give 7. Yasuharu Yoshimi of the University of Fukui and Minoru Hatanaka of Iwate Medical University devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2332) conditions for the decarboxylative addition of the acid 8 to 9 to give 10. Yong-Min Liang and Xiaojun Yao of Lanzhou University and Chao-Jun Li of McGill University described (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 783) a related procedure with α-amino acids. Yasutaka Ishii of Kansai University established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 2536) that t -butyl acetate 12 was an effective partner for the Ir-mediated oxidation-coupling-reduction of an alcohol 11. He used (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 1803) a similar protocol to condense acetone with the diol 14, to give the long-chain diketone 16. The formation of allylic Grignard reagents can be inefficient because the excess reactive halide tends to couple with the Grignard reagent as it forms. Brandon L. Ashfeld of the University of Notre Dame found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2427) a simple solution to this problem: inclusion of a catalytic amount of the inexpensive Cp2 TiCl2 to mediate the addition of 18 to 17. Brian T. Connell of Texas A&M University demonstrated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 7826) that with Mn, 21 could be added to 20. The acetate 21 is thus an easily prepared homoenolate equivalent. Note that although 21 is an E/Z mixture, the product 22 is cleanly Z. Gérard Cahiez of the Université de Paris 13 reported (Synlett 2010, 299) a detailed study of the Cu-catalyzed coupling of 24 with 23. Without supporting ligands, slow addition (syringe pump, 1 h) of 24 to 23 assured clean formation of 25. Manual slow addition (dropping funnel, 15 min) was not effective.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Organocatalyzed C–C Ring Construction: The Mihovilovic Synthesis of Piperenol B." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0072.
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M. Kevin Brown of Indiana University prepared (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3482) the cyclobutane 3 by the organocatalyzed addition of 2 to the alkene 1. Karl Anker Jørgensen of Aarhus University assembled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1685) the complex cyclobutane 7 by the addition of 5 to the acceptor 4, followed by condensation with the phosphorane 6. Zhi Li of the National University of Singapore balanced (ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 51) three enzymes to effect enantioselective opening of the epoxide 8 followed by air oxidation to 9. Gang Zhao of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Zhong Li of the East China University of Science and Technology added (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 688) 10 to 11 to give 12 in high ee. Akkattu T. Biju of the National Chemical Laboratory combined (Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 9559) 13 with 14 to give the β-lactone 15. Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong of Oregon State University and Karl A. Scheidt of Northwestern University reported (Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 2690) related results. Dieter Enders of RWTH Aachen University constructed (Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 1004) the complex cyclopentane 20 by the controlled combination of 16, 17, and 18, followed by addition of the phosphorane 19. Derek R. Boyd and Paul J. Stevenson of Queen’s University Belfast showed (J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 3429) that the product from the microbial oxidation of 21 could be protected as the acetonide 22. Ignacio Carrera of the Universidad de la República described (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 684) the related oxidation of benzyl azide (not illustrated). Manfred T. Reetz of the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung and the Philipps-Universität Marburg found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 8659) that cytochrome P450 could oxidize the cyclohexane 23 to the cyclohexanol 24. F. Dean Toste of the University of California, Berkeley aminated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3205) the ketone 25 with 26 to give 27. Benjamin List, also of the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, reported (Synlett 2015, 26, 1413) a parallel investigation. Philip Kraft of Givaudan Schweiz AG and Professor List added (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 1960) 28 to 29 to give 30 in high ee.
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Downey, Rod. "Turing and randomness." In The Turing Guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747826.003.0051.
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In an unpublished manuscript Turing anticipated by nearly thirty years the basic ideas behind the theory of algorithmic randomness, using a computationally constrained version of ‘measure theory’ to answer a question posed by Émile Borel in number theory: this question concerned constructing what are called ‘absolutely normal’ numbers. In this chapter we explain what these mysterious terms mean, and what Turing did. Mathematicians have always been fascinated with patterns in numbers. At an early stage in our education we learn about the special nature of decimal expansions of ‘rational numbers’, fractions that we can write in the form m/n, for some whole numbers m and n with n ≠ 0. The Greeks proved that some numbers, such as √2, 3√7 and √2 + √3 are not rational—indeed, it can be shown that ‘most’ numbers (in a precise mathematical sense) are irrational. It can be shown that a real number is rational if and only if it has a finite decimal expansion, or a decimal expansion that repeats from some point onwards; for example, 1/4 = 0.25 and 3/7 = 0.428571 428571 428571... . Note that we can also think of 1/4 as a repeating decimal, 0.25000000. . . ; we can also write it as 0.24999999 ... , but for simplicity we ignore such ambiguities. We can also count using bases different from 10. The binary system uses base 2, where each place in the representation corresponds to a power of 2; for example, just as 2301 in the decimal system refers to (2 × 103) + (3 × 102) + (0 × 101) + (1 × 100), so in base 2 the decimal number 13 = (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (1 × 20) is represented by 1101. In base 3 we use only the numbers 0, 1, 2 and express numbers using powers of 3, so the decimal number 25 = (2 × 32) + (2 × 31) + (1 × 30) is represented by 221. Note that when we use bases larger than 10 we have to invent extra symbols to represent the larger ‘digits’; for example, in base 12 we might use the digits 0, 1, 2, . . . , 9, T, E, with T and E representing ‘ten’ and ‘eleven’.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Alkaloid Synthesis: Mearsine (Taylor), Cephalotaxine (Li), Cocaine (Shing), Quinine (Hatakeyama), Cleavamine (Bennasar), Strychnine(Vanderwal)." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0060.
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Richard J. K. Taylor of the University of York employed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 2024) the Jørgensen protocol to add 2 to 1, to give the enantiomerically enriched cyclohexenone 3. Condensation of 3 with aqueous ammonia led directly to (-)-mearsine 4. Wei-Dong Z. Li of Nankai University found (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 3538) that the intermediate from Dibal reduction of the lactone 5 underwent Nazarov cyclization, giving the α-hydroxy cyclopentenone 6. After acetylation, deprotection gave an amine that cyclized with high diastereocontrol, leading to (±)-cephalotaxine 7. Tony K. M. Shing of the Chinese University of Hong Kong cyclized (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2916) the aldehyde 8 by exposure to 9. The product 10 was carried on to (-)-cocaine 11, as well as several hydroxylated cocaine derivatives. Susumi Hatakeyama of Nagasaki University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 923) that exposure of the simple prochiral aldehyde 12 to catalytic proline transformed it, after reduction, into the cyclized diol 13 in high ee. The diol 13 was readily carried on to quinine 14. M.-Lluïsa Bennasar of the University of Barcelona devised (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2042) Pd-catalyzed conditions for the cyclization of 15 that selectively delivered the unstable kinetic product 18. Selective hydrogenation of the more reactive bridgehead alkene then led to cleavamine 17. The alkene 16 is also prochiral, so it is possible that a catalyst could be found that would deliver 17 in high ee. The synthesis of the heptacyclic alkaloid strychnine 23 would, in the past, have been a major undertaking. Christopher D. Vanderwal of the University of California, Irvine, prepared (Chem. Sci. 2011, 2, 649) 23 in just six linear steps. The dienyl aldehyde 18 was available in two steps from tryptophyl bromide. Exposure to t -BuOK cyclized 18 to 19. N-deallylation followed by alkylation with 20 provided 21, setting the stage for a truly spectacular Brook rearrangement/conjugate addition, to give the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde 22. The known condensation with malonic acid completed the preparation of 23.
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Taber, Douglass F. "New Methods for Carbocyclic Construction: The Kim Synthesis of Pentalenene." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0080.
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Daesung Lee of the University of Illinois, Chicago, taking advantage of the facile insertion of an alkylidene carbene into a C-Si bond, established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 6640) a general method for the conversion of an α-silyl ketone 1 into the silyl cyclopropene 3. Christopher D. Bray of Queen Mary University showed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 4652) that the sulfonyl phosphonate 5 converted the enantiomerically pure epoxide 4 into the cyclopropane 6. Paul Margaretha of the University of Hamburg observed (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 728) smooth photochemical combination of 7 and 8 to give 9 with high diastereocontrol. Tõnis Kanger of the Tallinn University of Technology devised (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 2230) the three-component coupling of 10, 11, and diethyl amine to give, after reduction, the highly substituted cyclobutane 12. Min Shi of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry uncovered (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 902) an interesting new thermal rearrangement: the conversion of 13 to 14. José G. Ávila-Zárraga of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México applied (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2232) Pd catalysis to the cyclization of the epoxy nitrile 15, redirecting the reaction from the expected cyclobutane to the cyclopentanol 16. Ullrich Jahn of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic effected (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 4480) the oxidative radical cyclization of 17 to 18. Initial deprotonation of the substrate with t -BuMgCl switched the product to the trans diastereomer. Jonathan W. Burton of the University of Oxford employed (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 2738) a related oxidative cyclization for the diastereoselective conversion of 19 to 20. E. J. Corey of Harvard University reported (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 300) a new ligand for the enantioselective Ni-mediated reduction of 21 to 22. Shu-Li You, also of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4056) that the alcohol 23, readily prepared by oxidation of p -cresol, could be cyclized to the crystalline 25 in high ee.
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Taber, Douglass F. "The Morken Synthesis of (+)-Discodermolide." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0100.
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The anticancer properties of discodermolide 3 were exciting enough that Novartis undertook a commercial-scale total synthesis. While initial clinical trials were not successful, it is still a very promising lead structure. James P. Morken of Boston College developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9632) a practical approach, based on the Still–Gennari coupling of the phosphonate 1 with the aldehyde 2. The preparation both of 1 and of 2 showed to advantage the diene borylations that have been developed by the Morken group over the past several years. The aldehyde 5 was prepared by enantioselective hydroformation of the protected acrolein 4. Borylation of pentadiene 6 followed by diastereoselective addition to 5 set, after oxidation, the three new stereogenic centers of 7. Ir-catalyzed hydroboration led to the primary alcohol, that was carried through aldehyde deprotection and oxidation to the ester 8. Oxidation of the alcohol to the acid 9 followed by activation with 10 and coupling with the anion 11 then completed the synthesis of 1. The preparation of the key Z-trisubstituted alkene chiron 16 again began with enantioselective hydroformylation of the allyl silyl ether 12 to 13. The addition of 14 proceeded with high diastereoselectivity. Nickel-catalyzed borylation of 15 was also highly diastereoselective, leading to an intermediate that was oxidized to the primary alcohol, then carried on the iodide 16. Pt-catalyzed enantioselective borylation of 6 followed by the addition of chloromethyl lithium led, after oxidation, to the diol 17. Exposure of the derived bis tosylate to potassium t-butoxide led to facile elimination of the homoallylic tosylate. The remaining tosyl protecting group was then removed reductively to give 18. The Roush reductive aldol protocol using the enolate derived from 19 was applied to the derived aldehyde, leading to 20, that was carried on to 21. Under carefully defined conditions, the E-enolate of 21 coupled efficiently with the allylic iodide 17 to give 2. Still–Gennari coupling with 1 to give 22 followed by selective reduction, deprotection, and lactonization then completed the synthesis of (+)-discodermolide 3.
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Taber, Douglass. "Organic Functional Group Interconversion: (-)- β -Conhydrine (Barua) and (+)-6'-Hydroxyarenarol (Anderson)." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0009.
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V. T. Perchyonok and Kellie L. Tuck of Monash University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 4777) that a concentrated solution of Bu4NCl and H3PO2 in water effected free radical reductions and cyclizations. Stéphane G. Ouellet of Merck Frosst demonstrated (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 6707) that an oxazoline such as 3 could be converted to the alcohol 4 by acylation followed by reduction. Elizabeth R. Burkhardt of BASF developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 5152) a protocol for scalable reductive amination using an easily metered liquid pyridine-borane complex. Mohammad Movassaghi of MIT devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8909) a strategy for conversion of an allylic carbonate 8 by way of the allylic diazene to the terminal alkene 9. Philippe Compain of the Université d’Orleans uncovered (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 8647) a practical procedure for oxidizing an inexpensive aldose such as 10 to the amide 12, a valuable chiral pool starting material. Karl A. Scheidt of Northwestern University extended (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 4331) activated MnO2 oxidation to saturated aldehydes such as 13, leading to the ester 15. Tohru Fukuyama of the University of Tokyo showed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 2259) that halides such as 16 could be oxidized to the oxime 18 with the reagent 17. The product oximes are readily dehydrated to the corresponding nitriles. Chutima Kuhakarn of Mahidol University devised (Synthesis 2008, 2045) a simple protocol for the oxidation of a primary amine such as 19 to the nitrile 20 . Nasser Iranpoor and Habib Firouzabadi of Shiraz University developed (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 4882) the reagent 22 for Mitsunobu coupling. The stereochemical course of this reaction with simple acyclic secondary alcohols such as 21 was not reported. Salvatore D. Lepore of Florida Atlantic University optimized (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 7511) the quisylate 24 for the displacement with retention to give the azide 25. Hideki Yorimitsu and Koichiro Oshima of Kyoto University optimized (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 11276) a Co catalyst for the conversion of a secondary halide such as 26 to the terminal alkene 27 . Base-mediated elimination gave primarily the internal alkene.
Conference papers on the topic "T (9;22)"
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Gu, Xin, Tao Cheng, and Luyuan Li. "Abstract 22: Interferon-γ produced by tumor-infiltrating NK cells and CD4+ T cells downregulates TNFSF15 expression in endothelial cells." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-22.
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Tagawa, Hiroyuki, Mitsugu Ito, Sho Ikeda, Akihiko Kitadate, and Kenichi Sawada. "Abstract 4019: MicroRNA-150 inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis by targeting IL-22-CC20-CCR6 autocrine signaling in advanced T-cell lymphoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4019.
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Vasquez Gomez, Freddy. "SINDROME METABOLICO, PATOLOGIA DUAL E INTENTO SUICIDA EN SALA DE EMERGENCIAS PSIQUIATRICAS." In 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020o006.
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OBJETIVO: Estudiar incidencia de Sindrome Metabólico (SM) y Patología Dual en pacientes con intento suicida en sala de Emergencia de una institución de salud mental, durante un período trianual (2014-2016).METODO: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal,que evaluó intentadores de suicidio, con diagnósticos clínicos CIE-10, Escala de Pierce para intento suicida, y parámetros para SM, por Cardiólogo, Endocrinólogo , Psiquiatra y personal de Prevención de Suicidio.RESULTADOS: De 670 pacientes con intento de suicidio, 100 de ellos (14,9 %) cumplieron criterios para Patología Dual : varones :21 (21 %) ,mujeres: 79 (79 %), El rango de edades :18 a 78 años . En esta sub-población,60 de ellos (60.0 %) presentaron SM: 19 varones(31.6 %), y 41 mujeres (68.4 %). Trastorno Depresivo (TD) y alcoholismo : 36 (60.0 %), TD y abuso de cigarrillos : 7 (11.7 %), TD y sustancias psicoativas (SPA) : 6 (10.0 %), Trastorno Bipolar (TB) y alcoholismo : 11 (18.3 %); TB y abuso de cig. : 11(18.3 %), TB y SPA : 9 (15.0 %) ; Esquizofrenia (Esq) y alcoholismo :4 (6.7 %), Esq. y abuso de cig.: 3 (5.0 %) ;Esq. y SPA :4 (13.3 %); T. Ansiedad (TA) y alcoholismo : 4 (6.6 %) ,T.A y abuso de cig.:3 ( 5.0 %) , T.A y SPA : 1 (1.6 %). Respecto al grado del SM : varones: moderado: 12 (63.2 %), severo: 2(18.5 %). Mujeres:moderado : 16 (39.0 %) y severo: 18 (43.9 %).CONCLUSION : En el estudio , con casi el 15 % de Patología Dual en intentadores de suicidio, más de la mitad presentó SM, siendo prevalente el Trastorno Depresivo asociado a alcoholismo ,y relevante el grado de severidad del SM en mujeres, lo que podría correlacionar con el intento de suicidio. Debería considerarse la comorbilidad de Trastornos Psiquiátricos y SM , al evaluar conducta suicida
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Rodgers, Peter, Valerie Eveloy, and Shrinivas Bojanampati. "Enhancing the Performance of Photovoltaic Solar Modules by Active Thermal Management." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82792.
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The electrical efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules are severely limited by elevated cell operating temperature in high solar irradiation and ambient air temperature environments, such as in the Middle East. In this study the potential of water-cooling to improve the electrical performance of stationary south facing and sun-tracked flat-type PV modules is experimentally investigated for application at oil and gas facilities in the Persian Gulf. The cooling design is based on gravity-assisted water trickling over the module active surface. In parallel with measurements of PV module electrical characteristics, global solar irradiation, ambient air and cooling water temperatures are also recorded. From the results obtained, the following initial guidelines are derived for the operation of PV modules in late winter to early spring conditions (G ≈ 485–900 W/m2, T∞ ≈ 26–40°C) in the United Arab Emirates (24.43°N, 54.45°E), which would correspond to summer at for example mid European latitudes: i) vertical single-axis sun tracking improves module peak electrical power output by 6% to 10% compared to operation in stationary, geographical south facing orientation, for both passively- or water-cooled modules; ii) for cooling water temperatures ranging from 26 to 33°C, water-cooling enhances the power output of stationary south facing and sun-tracked modules for a significant portion of the day, up to 19.8 W (21%) at solar noon; iii) the integration of water-cooling and sun-tracking increases power output by 22 W (26%) at for example 10:30 a.m. relative to a stationary, passively-cooled module. For the latitude and seasonal conditions considered, water-cooling a stationary PV module is 9 to 15% more effective than sun-tracking a passively-cooled module in terms of peak power output. Higher performance improvements could be obtained using either chilled or underground water at a temperature below ambient air temperature, particularly in Middle East summer conditions.