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Lyapunova, O. A. "New intraspecific taxa of <i>Triticum durum</i> Desf." Vavilovia 5, no. 2 (2023): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2022-2-o4.
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The paper presents descriptions of three new botanical varieties of the type subspecies of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. subsp. durum), namely Triticum durum subsp. durum convar. durum subconvar. muticum (Orlov) Dorof. et Filat. var. muticomelanopus Lyapun.; T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. caucasicum (Dorof.) Dorof. var. cauafricanum Lyapun.; and T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. caucasicum (Dorof.) Dorof. var. muticocauafricanum Lyapun.). Also, three new forms are described: T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. durocompactum Flaksb. var. rubrinigrum (Stol.) Dorof. et Filat. f. tristerubrinigrum Lyapun.; T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. falcatum (Jakubz.) Dorof. et Filat. var. falcatileucomelan Dorof. et Filat. f. tristefalcatileucomelan Lyapun.; and T. durum Desf. subsp. durum convar. caucasicum (Dorof.) Dorof. var. caumelanopus Lyapun. f. tristecaumelanopus Lyapun.). The nomenclatural types of new taxa have been transferred to the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR).
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Lyapunova, О. A. "Types of Triticum durum Desf. intraspecific taxa preserved in the VIR herbarium (WIR)." VAVILOVIA 2, no. 3 (2020): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2019-3-23-38.
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The paper presents a complete annotated list of botanical varieties and forms of durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) preserved in the VIR herbarium collection (WIR) and described by Olga A. Lyapunova. These include eight new varieties, namely T. durum var. falcaterythromelan Lyapun., T. durum var. falcataffine Lyapun., T. durum var. falcativalencia Lyapun., T. durum var. caumelanopus Lyapun., T. durum var. muticoleucomelan Lyapun., T. durum var. muticerythromelan Lyapun., T. durum var. muticapulicum Lyapun., T. durum var. horanileucomelan Lyapun., and nine new forms: T. durum f. tristealbiprovinciale Lyapun., T. durum f. tristeprovinciale Lyapun., T. durum f. tristemelanopus Lyapun., T. durum f. tristeboeufii Lyapun., T. durum f. tristemuticerythromelan Lyapun., T. durum f. tristemuticapulicum Lyapun., T. durum f. tristemuticoboeufii Lyapun., T. durum f. tristecauleucomelan Lyapun., and T. durum f. tristehoranileucomelan Lyapun.
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Pilch, Józef. "Wpływ genomów A, B Triticum durum Desf. na wartość technologiczną ziarna pszenicy ozimej Triticum aestivum L." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 230 (December 31, 2003): 43–53. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2003-0005.
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Wpływ genomów A, B Triticum durum Desf. na wartość technologiczną ziarna badano u 64 ozimych form pszenicy (Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum durum Desf.) × Triticum aestivum L pochodzących z krzyżowań międzygatunkowych monosomików 5B odmiany Chinese Spring i 5B Favorit Triticum aestivum L. z pszenicą tetraploidalną ozimą Triticum durum Desf. v. Mirable, Khapli i Fuensemiduro. Mieszańce F1 — bridge tych kombinacji przepylono pyłkiem 13 odmian i rodów hodowlanych Triticum aestivum L. Wartość technologiczną ziarna oceniano w okresie 3 lat na podstawie zawartości białka ogółem (%), wskaźnika sedymentacji Zeleny’ego (ml), liczby opadania (s) i wartości wypiekowej (klasy: E — elitarna, A — jakościowa, B — chlebowa, C — pozostałe), w porównaniu do odmiany Begra (T. aestivum L.). Zidentyfikowano wysokie parametry jakościowe (klasa E) przewyższające wzorzec jakościowy Triticum aestivum L (tab. 2, 4), które mogą wskazywać na efekty introgresji genów z obcych genomów A i B pszenicy tetraploidalnej T. durum Desf. Wyselekcjonowane formy mogą w przyszłości być wykorzystane jako materiały wyjściowe w hodowli jakościowej pszenicy ozimej T. aestivum L.
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RACHOŃ, LESZEK, GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO, and MAŁGORZATA CZUBACKA. "Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nodules in the roots of twelve legume species in South-Western Saudi Arabia." Agronomy Science 67, no. 1 (2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2012.1.2.
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Materiał badawczy stanowiło ziarno otrzymane z doświadczeń polowych prowadzonych w latach 2008–2011 na terenie Gospodarstwa Doświadczalnego Felin, należącego do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie. Celem pracy była ocena szklistości ziarna odmian i linii następujących gatunków pszenicy: a) formy jare: Triticum durum (Desf.), T. aestivum ssp. sphaerococcum (Percival) MacKey, T. turgidum (L.), T. monococcum (L.), T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schübler, T. polonicum (L.), T. timopheevii (Zhuk.); b) formy ozime: T. durum (Desf.), T. aestivum ssp. spelta (L.) Thell., T. monococcum (L.), T. dicoccum (Schrank) Schübler, T. macha (Dekapr. et Menabde), T. vavilovii (Thum.) Jakubz., a jako wzorca użyto odpowiednio formy jarej i ozimej T. aestivum ssp. aestivum (L.). Formy ozime pszenicy, niezależnie od gatunku i odmiany, charakteryzowały się znacznie mniejszą szklistością w porównaniu z formami jarymi. W obrębie badanych genotypów pszenicy jarej najwyższym poziomem szklistości ziarna odznaczała się T. durum odmiana Puławska Twarda, a najniższym – T. polonicum. Spośród gatunków pszenicy ozimej najwyższą szklistością ziarna wyróżniała się pszenica twarda (odmiana Komnata), natomiast najmniej szkliste ziarno tworzyła pszenica orkisz (T. aestivum ssp. spelta) − Spelt INZ.
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Singh, A. K., J. M. Clarke, R. E. Knox, et al. "Transcend Durum wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 4 (2012): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-255.
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Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Fernandez, M. R. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Transcend durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 809–813. Transcend durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, yellow grain and dough pigment, and low grain cadmium concentration. Transcend has strong straw, slightly more days to maturity, and improved Fusarium head blight resistance compared to Strongfield.
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Ozberk, I., A. Atli ., F. Ozberk ., and H. J. Braun . "The Effect of Some Grading Factors on Marketing Prices in Durum Wheat (T. durum Desf.)." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9, no. 6 (2006): 1132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.1132.1138.
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Zencirci, Nusret, and Ekrem K�n. "Variation in landraces of durum wheat (T. turgidum L. conv. durum (Desf.) M.K.) from Turkey." Euphytica 92, no. 3 (1995): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00037117.
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Hajiyeva, Sh., Kh. Abishova, R. Mikayilova, et al. "ESTIMATION OF TOLERANCE OF DIFFERENT DURUM WHEAT (T. DURUM DESF.) GENOTYPES BASED ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS." Znanstvena misel journal, no. 77 (April 25, 2023): 9–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7861584.
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The effect of stress factors on physiological processes, especially the degree of depression of chlorophyll "a" and "b" were studied under laboratory conditions. The contents of chlorophyll a+b and their ratio were also determined. Drought and salt tolerance of samples were determined in 30 durum wheat varieties. Six samples were selected and recorded as tolerant to stress factors.
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Masłowski, Jan, and Zbicniew Segit. "Tolerancyjność wybranych linii Triticum durum Desf. na toksyczne działanie jonów glinu." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 252 (June 30, 2009): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37317/biul-2009-0056.
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Materiał do badań stanowiło 12 linii T. durum oraz jedna odmiana pszenicy zwyczajnej — Parabola. Wzorcem była brazylijska odmiana BH 1146. Testowanie laboratoryjne przeprowadzono metodą stresu glinowego w kulturze wodnej. Czterodniowe siewki poddano działaniu glinu o stężeniach 148, 296 i 444 µM przez 24 h w pożywce standardowej o pH = 4,0 i temperaturze 25°C. Stwierdzono istotne zróżnicowanie badanych linii ze względu na długość odrostu jak i masę korzeni. Wszystkie linie T. durum wykazały istotnie niższą tolerancję na glin w porównaniu z odmianą Parabola. Tolerancyjność BH 1146 na wszystkie stężenia wynosiła 100%. Stężenie glinu 148 µM było progiem tolerancji dla czterech linii pszenicy twardej. Dwie linie wykazały tolerancyjność na stężenie glinu wynoszące 444 µM.
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Segit, Zbigniew, Tomasz Kurzyp, and Krystyna Szwed-Urbaś. "Cechy geometryczne i właściwości mechaniczne źdźbła pszenicy twardej (T. durum Desf.)." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 235 (March 31, 2005): 95–103. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2005-0065.
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Badaniom poddano źdźbła czterech linii pszenicy twardej (Triticum durum Desf.) dwie długosłome i dwie krótkosłome. Pomiary biometryczne posłużyły do wyznaczenia cech geometrycznych źdźbła (długość międzywęźli, średnica zewnętrzna i wewnętrzna, grubość ścian, pole przekroju poprzecznego) właściwości mechanicznych (moduł sprężystości Younga i sztywność rozciągania). Wystąpiły istotne różnice między liniami krótko- i długosłomymi dla większości analizowanych cech. Linie krótkosłome charakteryzowały się znacznie grubszymi źdźbłami jak również grubszą ścianą źdźbła, szczególnie w II i III międzywęźlu od góry. Odznaczały się także wyższymi wartościami pola przekroju poprzecznego oraz niższym współczynnikiem sprężystości Younga.
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Ketevan, Mamulashvili, Badridze Gulnara, Mazanishvili Lamara, et al. "The Influence of Inoculation with Streptomyces Albogriseolus-89 on Durum Wheat (T. Durum Desf.) Growth and Development." International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research 9, no. 6 (2023): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8094710.
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<strong>Abstract</strong><strong>—</strong> The influence of actinomycete strain Streptomyces albogriseolus-89 (isolated from soils of Khevi region, Stepantsminda, Georgia) on growth and development, as well as the content of metabolites (chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, proline, soluble phenols, total proteins, soluble carbohydrates) and peroxidase activity in leaves of durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) has been studied. It was established that inoculation of wheat seeds with the strain has stimulated stem and ear growth, positively affected protein content (raised by 12%) and peroxidase activity (increased by 1.3 times) as well as enhanced the yield and resistance of plant to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Pilch, Józef. "Genetyczne możliwości ulepszania jakości ziarna pszenicy ozimej Triticum aestivum L. w efekcie hybrydyzacji introgresywnej z Triticum durum Desf." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 236 (June 30, 2005): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2005-0030.
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W pracy analizowano wartość technologiczną ziarna 64 ozimych linii introgresywnych T. aestivum L./ T. durum Desf. Ocena technologiczna obejmowała 4 letnie wyniki zawartości białka ogółem (%), wskaźnika sedymentacji Zeleny’ego (ml), liczby opadania (s), wartości wypiekowej (klasy E, A, B, C) i elektroforezę SDS-PAGE wysokocząsteczkowych glutenin. Wyniki te porównano z wynikami uzyskanymi dla odmiany jakościowej Begra. Większość badanych linii wykazywała wartości wskaźników, które dorównywały (klasa A) lub przewyższały (klasa E) odmianę Begra. Zawartość białka klasy E miało 46,8% linii, wskaźnik sedymentacji Zeleny’ego klasy E — 21,8% linii, liczbę opadania klasy E — 96,8% linii i wartość wypiekową klasy E miało 18,6% linii. Wykonana elektroforeza wysokocząsteczkowych glutenin wykazała (1) obecność homeologicznych alleli w loci Glu-A1 i Glu-B1 u 85,9% linii, (2) rozbicie alleliczności w locus Glu- D1 i utworzenie nowej kombinacji podjednostek 5+12 u 6,3% linii, (3) introgresje obcych alleli w loci Glu-1 o nieznanych podjednostkach u 7,8% linii. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, iż hybrydyzacja introgresywna T. aestivum L. z pszenicą tetraploidalną gatunku T. durum Desf. prowadzić może do pod¬wyższenia wartości technologicznej ziarna u pszenicy ozimej T. aestivum L. wynikającego z introgresji alleli genomów A, B lub efektów pasażowania obcymi chromosomami.
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Benkadja, Sarah, Abdelmalek Oulmi, Ali Guendouz, and Benalia Frih. "Assessment of agro-physiological traits for identifying drought-tolerant durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes under rainfed conditions." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 77, no. 2 (2024): 10717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v77n2.108152.
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Breeders are focused on developing high-yielding genotypes that can grow in semi-arid regions under water stress. A field experiment was conducted during the 2020 to 2021 cropping season at the experimental field of ITGC, Setif. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of durum wheat genotypes for agronomic traits growing under semi-arid conditions. The 10 genotypes evaluated were grown in a randomized block with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that the genotype effect was significant for most parameters studied. The best grain yield was recorded for genotypes G3 (3.52 t ha-1) G2 (3.48 t ha-1), and G5 (2.89 t ha-1); thus, they maintained the highest water content (81.09, 84.95, and 84.34%, respectively) and lower temperatures under these conditions. Simple linear regression showed that grain yield correlated positively with the number of spikes, and the number of grains per spike. The principal component (PC) analysis classified both genotypes G2 and G3 as high grain yielding genotypes; by contrast, genotypes Jupare C 2001, Bouatleb, and G1 were low-yielding.
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Kociuba, Wanda, Zbigniew Segit, Władysław Kadłubiec, and Rafał Kuriata. "Ocena zdolności kombinacyjnej wybranych odmian i linii pszenicy twardej T. durum Desf." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 264 (June 28, 2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37317/biul-2012-0054.
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Materiał do badań stanowiły mieszańce F2 uzyskane ze skrzyżowania 6 form matecznych (AC Melita, Solga, Wagtail, LGR 900/3a, LGR 1359/8, ICDW 21666) z 4 formami ojcowskimi (Immer, Atlas, ICDW 21545, Heines Deutscher Hartweizen). Oszacowano ogólną i swoistą zdolność kombinacyjną. Stwierdzono przewagę addytywnego działania genów w dziedziczeniu większości analizowanych cech. Na podstawie oszacowanych efektów GCA należy wyróżnić odmiany Wagtail, i Immer oraz linię LGR 900/3a, które korzystnie oddziałują na wiele cech. Wieloma dodatnimi efektami swoistej zdolności kombinacyjnej charakteryzują się mieszańce AC Melita × ICDW 21545 i Wagtail × Heines Deutscher Hartweizen.
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Singh, A. K., J. M. Clarke, R. E. Knox, et al. "AAC Raymore durum wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 7 (2014): 1289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-048.
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Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M. R. 2014. AAC Raymore durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1289–1296. AAC Raymore durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. AAC Raymore is the first solid stem durum genotype registered for production in Canada for protection against wheat stem sawfly, and combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Raymore has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Raymore is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, is moderately susceptible to loose smut, and has improved resistance to common root rot compared with the check cultivars. AAC Raymore has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.
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Singh, A. K., J. M. Clarke, R. E. Knox, et al. "AAC Marchwell durum wheat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 1 (2015): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-223.
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Singh, A. K, Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., Wise, I., Thomas, J., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M.R. 2015. AAC Marchwell durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 189–195. AAC Marchwell durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of th Canadian prairies. AAC Marchwell is the first durum genotype registered for commercial production in Canada with the Sm1 gene for antibiosis-based resistance to orange wheat blossom midge [Sitodiplosis modellana (Gehin)]. It combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, yellow pigment, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Marchwell has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Marchwell is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, loose smut, and common root rot. AAC Marchwell has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.
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Lyapunova, O. A. "Illustrated key to infraspecific taxa of Triticum durum Desf." VAVILOVIA 3, no. 2 (2021): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2020-2-9-34.
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Classifications of the genus Triticum L. differ in approaches to the number and content of both intrageneric and infraspecific taxa. According to the «GrainTax» System, an on‑line source of information on the taxonomy of wheat, there are currently 7 main classifications of the genus Triticum L. These include a classification developed at the Department of Wheat Genetic Resources of VIR, which is referred to as the “Classification of Triticum by Dorofeev et al.” This is the world’s first standardized system that contains all known infraspecific taxa of wild and cultivated wheat species. A detailed classification makes it possible to identify a wide variety of forms when working with the genus Triticum L. and its individual species, which is especially important for collections preserved in genetic seed banks. In accordance with this system, durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) is regarded as a species that includes two subspecies, 131 botanical varieties and 42 forms united into six groups and three subgroups of varieties. The basis of the infraspecific system is made up of botanical varieties with a definite complex of morphological traits of the spike and kernel. The present work contains descriptions of each botanical variety and photographs of most of them.
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Akparov, Z. I., A. M. Abdullayev, Kh N. Rustamov, and M. A. Abbasov. "Comparative analysis of agrobiological traits of durum (T. durum Desf.) and bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) varieties in the Karabakh region." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine of ANAS 2, no. 2 (2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/jlsb.32.
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Khanfir, Emna, Ikram Zribi, Hanen Dhouib, et al. "Genome-Wide Identification of PR10 Family Members in Durum Wheat: Expression Profile and In Vitro Analyses of TdPR10.1 in Response to Various Stress Conditions." Plants 13, no. 22 (2024): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13223128.
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The functional characterization of PR10 proteins has been extensively studied in many plant species. However, little is known about the role of TdPR10 in the response of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) to stress. In this study, we identified members of the T. durum PR10 family, which are divided into three major subfamilies based on phylogenetic analyses. The analysis revealed that tandem duplication was the primary driver of the expansion of the T. durum PR10 gene family. Additionally, gene structure and motif analyses showed that PR10 family genes were relatively conserved during evolution. We also identified several cis-regulatory elements in the TdPR10 promoter regions related not only to abiotic and biotic stress but also to phytohormonal responses. In response to abiotic stresses and phytohormones, several TdPR10 genes were highly expressed in the leaves and roots of durum wheat. Moreover, TdPR10.1 family members improve RNase activity, increase LDH protective activity under abiotic stress conditions, and ensure resistance to fungi in vitro. Collectively, these findings provide a basis for further functional studies of TdPR10 genes, which could be leveraged to enhance stress tolerance in durum wheat.
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Tidiane Sall, Amadou, Tiberio Chiari, Wasihun Legesse, et al. "Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.): Origin, Cultivation and Potential Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050263.
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Durum wheat is an important food crop in the world and an endemic species of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In the highlands of Ethiopia and the oases of the Sahara this crop has been cultivated for thousands of years. Today, smallholder farmers still grow it on marginal lands to assure production for their own consumption. However, durum wheat is no longer just a staple crop for food security but has become a major cash crop. In fact, the pasta, burghul and couscous industry currently purchase durum grain at prices 10 to 20% higher than that of bread wheat. Africa as a whole imports over €4 billion per year of durum grain to provide the raw material for its food industry. Hence, African farmers could obtain a substantial share of this large market by turning their production to this crop. Here, the achievements of the durum breeding program of Ethiopia are revised to reveal a steep acceleration in variety release and adoption over the last decade. Furthermore, the variety release for Mauritania and Senegal is described to show how modern breeding methods could be used to deliver grain yields above 3 t ha−1 in seasons of just 92 days of length and in daytime temperatures always above 32 °C. This review describes the potential of releasing durum wheat varieties adapted to all growing conditions of SSA, from the oases of the Sahara to the highlands of Ethiopia. This indicates that the new breeding technologies offer great promise for expanding the area of durum wheat production in SSA but that this achievement remains primarily dependent on the market ability to purchase these grains at a higher price to stimulate farmer adoption. The critical importance of connecting all actors along the semolina value chain is presented in the example of Oromia, Ethiopia and that success story is then used to prompt a wider discussion on the potential of durum wheat as a crop for poverty reduction in Africa.
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KHANISHOVA, MA, and IV AZIZOV. "EVALUATION OF INTERSPECIFIC WHEAT HYBRIDS (T. DURUM × T. AESTIVUM) FOR SPIKE-RELATED TRAITS." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 52, no. 2 (2023): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.2.2.
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The presented study analyzed the inheritance via heterosis of interspecific F1 hybrids between durum and bread wheat over better parents and ratios of dominance for spike-related traits affecting their productivity and transmission to future segregating populations. The research transpired in the crop seasons of 2017–-2019 at the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan. The hybridization program used eight durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) genotypes, i.e., Shark, Karabagh, Barakatli-95, Tartar, Garagilciıg-2, Vugar, Mirbashir- 50, and Shiraslan-23, and 13 bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) cultivars, viz., Mirbashir-128, Kyrmyzygul-1, Gobustan, Layaqatli, Kyzyl Bughda, Gunashli, Taleh-38, Sheki-1, Murov, Nurlu-99, Aran, and two foreign cultivars Bezostaya-1 (Russia) and Dagdash (Turkey) to generate 24 interspecific F1 hybrids. Studying the heterosis over better parents and degree of dominance in these interspecific F1 hybrids compared their performance with parental genotypes for spike-related traits, i.e., spike length, spikelets per spike, grains per spike, and grain weight per spike. In the F1 interspecific hybrids’ evaluation, the recorded desirable positive heterosis over better parents and dominance ratios appeared in cross combinations, i.e., Barakatli-95 × Gobustan, Karabagh × Mirbashir-128, Karabagh × Shark, Sheki-1 × Gobustan, Murov × Daghdash, Nurlu-99 × Layaqatli, Gobustan × Sheki-1, and Mirbashir-50 × Shiraslan-23 for spike-related traits. However, the F1 hybrid Garabagh × Gobustan revealed negative heterosis and depression for yield-related traits.
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Zilic, Sladjana, Miroljub Barac, Mirjana Pesic, et al. "Genetic variability of albumin-globulin content, and lipoxygenase, peroxidase activities among bread and durum wheat genotypes." Genetika 43, no. 3 (2011): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1103503z.
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The classical Osborne wheat proteins fraction (albumin-globulin), as well as several polypeptides from the non-gluten protein fraction using SDS-PAGE analyses were determined in the grain of five bread (T. aestivum L.) and five durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) genotypes. In addition, the activity rate of lipoxygenase (LOX) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes implicated in the antioxidant metabolism was determined. Albumins and globulins in wheat grains were characterized by rich protein pattern - the number of bands varied from 19 to 23 and they were defined by molecular weight 76.4-12.4 kDa. The great differences between bread and durum wheat polypeptide contents were found. Result pointed out that polypeptides with molecular weight of 65.6, 43.5 and 32.9 kDa could be used to differentiate the bread from durum wheat. Significant differences in the LOX and POD activity between and within two wheat species were detected. Present study showed in durum wheat a lower activities of LOX and POD enzymes for about 45 and 22%, respectively, than in bread wheat. Our results could be useful for plant breeders in screening and selecting of better raw materials with high protein quality for the flour, breadmaking and pasta industry.
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Zilic, Sladjana, Vesna Hadzi-Taskovic-Sukalovic, Dejan Dodig, Vuk Maksimovic, and Vesna Kandic. "Soluble free phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of bread and durum wheat genotypes." Genetika 45, no. 1 (2013): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1301087z.
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The objective of this study was to determine phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant capacity in the grain of ten bread (T. aestivum L.) and ten durum (T. durum Desf.) wheat genotypes. Soluble free forms of total phenolics, flavonoids, PVPP (polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) bound phenolics, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids were investigated. In addition, the correlation coefficients between total antioxidant capacities and the concentration of different soluble free phenolic compounds, as well as between soluble free total phenolics and phenolic acids, flavonoids and PVPP bound phenolics were determined. Significant differences in the content of aceton/water extractable total phenolics, PVPP bound phenolics and phenolic acids between and within two wheat species were found. On the average, durum wheat samples had about 1.19-fold higher total phenolic compounds and about 1.5-fold higher PVPP bound phenolics than bread wheat samples. Three phenolic acids, ferulic, caffeic and chlorogenic, were detected in wholemeal bread wheat. Caffeic acid was not found in durum wheat samples whilst ferulic acid was the most abundant. Proanthocyanidins in bread and durum wheat genotypes were not detected. The antioxidant capacity measured as the DPPH radical scavenging activity was similar in wholemeal of bread and durum wheat, however, significant differences were observed among genotypes within species.
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Badagliacca, Giuseppe, Gaetano Messina, Emilio Lo Presti, et al. "Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Grain Yield and Protein Estimation by Multispectral UAV Monitoring and Machine Learning Under Mediterranean Conditions." AgriEngineering 7, no. 4 (2025): 99. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7040099.
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Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), among the herbaceous crops, is one of the most extensively grown in the Mediterranean area due to its fundamental role in supporting typical food productions like bread, pasta, and couscous. Among the environmental and technical aspects, nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial to shaping plant development and that of kernels by also affecting their protein concentration. Today, new techniques for monitoring fields using uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) can detect crop multispectral (MS) responses, while advanced machine learning (ML) models can enable accurate predictions. However, to date, there is still little research related to the prediction of the N nutritional status and its effects on the productivity of durum wheat grown in the Mediterranean environment through the application of these techniques. The present research aimed to monitor the MS responses of two different wheat varieties, one ancient (Timilia) and one modern (Ciclope), grown under three different N fertilization regimens (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1), and to estimate their quantitative and qualitative production (i.e., grain yield and protein concentration) through the Pearson’s correlations and five different ML approaches. The results showed the difficulty of obtaining good predictive results with Pearson’s correlation for both varieties of data merged together and for the Timilia variety. In contrast, for Ciclope, several vegetation indices (VIs) (i.e., CVI, GNDRE, and SRRE) performed well (r-value > 0.7) in estimating both productive parameters. The implementation of ML approaches, particularly random forest (RF) regression, neural network (NN), and support vector machine (SVM), overcame the limitations of correlation in estimating the grain yield (R2 > 0.6, RMSE = 0.56 t ha−1, MAE = 0.43 t ha−1) and protein (R2 > 0.7, RMSE = 1.2%, MAE 0.47%) in Timilia, whereas for Ciclope, the RF approach outperformed the other predictive methods (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 0.56 t ha−1, MAE = 0.44 t ha−1).
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Siroshtan, A. A., O. A. Zaima, I. V. Fedorenko, M. V. Fedorenko, V. P. Kavunets, and S. S. Koliadenko. "Characteristics of the post-harvest ripening period of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) seeds." Plant varieties studying and protection 21, no. 1 (2025): 46–51. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.21.1.2025.327501.
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Purpose. To determine the duration of post-harvest seed ripening in new varieties of spring durum and bread wheat depending on varietal characteristics. Methods. The research was carried out in 2022–2024. 12 spring bread wheat varieties and 6 durum wheat varieties were grown under soybean as a preceding crop. Results. During the years of research, particularly during the earing period – full maturity of spring wheat – we observed deviations in precipitation and average daily temperature from their long-term values. This allowed us to obtain objective results. After analysing the experimental data to determine the post-harvest seed ripening period, it was found that it was much longer for spring bread wheat than for spring durum wheat. In the first three days, the dynamics of spring wheat seed germination was very low (0–3%), which indicates the physiological state of grain dormancy immediately after harvest. In spring bread wheat, this was also observed on the fifth and seventh day – then the number of germinated seeds was 1–12%, but in most durum varieties, this figure reached 19–85% on the fifth day (only in varieties ‘MIP Raiduzhna’ and ‘MIP Kseniia’ it was at the level of 0–4%). Seed dormancy lasted 30–40 days for most spring bread varieties. ‘Dubravka’ and ‘MIP Zlata’ had a short post-harvest ripening period of about 20 days, while ‘MIP Vizerunok’ and ‘Panianka’ had a period of more than 40 days. Among spring durum wheat varieties, ‘Zhizel’, ‘MIP Mahdalena’ and ‘MIP Perlyna’ had short dormancy periods (5–7 days), ‘Diana’ (15 days) and ‘MIP Raiduzhna’ (20 days) had longer dormancy periods. Conclusions. The presented experimental data indicate the species and varietal specificity of the reaction of the process of ripening of spring bread and durum wheat seeds to hydrothermal conditions. Varietal differences in the duration of post-harvest ripening in spring wheat varieties should be taken into account when determining the biological justification of the harvest time, which is extremely important in the technology of growing seeds with high sowing qualities and yield characteristics.
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Bogdan, P. M., A. G. Klykov, I. V. Konovalova, and N. V. Kuzmenko. "Adaptive potential of spring durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> Desf.) under the conditions of Primorsky Territory." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 184, no. 1 (2023): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2023-1-90-101.
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Background. The research goal was to study spring durum wheat cultivars from different regions of Russia to select those that were most adapted to the conditions of Primorsky Territory and had high yield and grain quality.Materials and methods. The adaptive potential of 16 genotypes was determined through multi-environment trials at the Federal Scientific Center of Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika in 2017–2021.Results. Considerable potential for high productivity was revealed in the cultivars: ‘Solnechnaya 573’ (3.9 t/ha), ‘Donskaya elegiya’ (3.8 t/ha), ‘Lyudmila’ (3.8 t/ha), ‘Omskii izumrud’ (3.8 t/ha), and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (3.8 t/ha). Cvs. ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ (–2.1), ‘Zhemchuzhina Sibiri’ (–2.4), and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (–2.4) displayed significant stress resistance. ‘Lyudmila’ (4.2) and ‘Donskaya elegiya’ (4.0) had high genetic plasticity and produced high yields in the years with favorable conditions. The adaptability coefficient of cvs. ‘Solnechnaya 573’ (112.5%) and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (111.0%) exceeded 100%. ‘Donskaya elegiya’, ‘Lyudmila’, ‘Aleiskaya’, and ‘Voronezhskaya 9’ demonstrated the highest plasticity (bi > 1). The most stable cultivars were ‘Omskii tsirkon’ (S2di – 0.00), ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ (S2di – 0.02), ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (S2di – 0.04), ‘Aleiskaya’ (S2di – 0.05), ‘Nikolasha’ (S2di – 0.06), and ‘Omskaya biryuza’ (S2di – 0.08). ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ and ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ were able to produce an increased yield and had the minimum yield loss under unfavorable conditions (the indicator of the yield stability of the cultivars was 134.9 and 144.8, respectively). ‘Pamyati Yanchenko’ (4.8 and 1.9, respectively) and ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ (3.5 and 2.0, respectively) showed high homeostatic capacity and breeding value.Conclusions. ‘Voronezhskaya 7’ and ‘Solnechnaya 573’ were selected on the basis of complex evaluation for yield and adaptability under the local conditions. They can be recommended for further breeding and production.
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Bobryk-Mamczarz, Aneta, Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz, and Leszek Rachoń. "Usefulness of Hulled Wheats Grown in Polish Environment for Wholegrain Pasta-Making." Foods 10, no. 2 (2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020458.
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The best pasta raw material is durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.). Recently, old wheat species have also attracted interest. The aim of the study was to evaluate their usefulness for industrial pasta production. The technological characteristics of grains and the organoleptic characteristics of pasta obtained from hulled emmer (T. turgidum subsp. dicoccum) and spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta) were determined and compared to durum wheat, as a standard pasta raw material, and common wheat (T. aestivum). All wheats were grown under identical conditions. The hardness of kernels was assessed using the practical size index, wheat hardness index, torque moment, milling work of 50 g of flour, semolina yield, and starch damage. The technological and nutritional values of semolina, i.e., protein and ash content, wet gluten yield and quality, and falling number, were determined. Moreover, the organoleptic characteristics of cooked pasta were analysed in terms of appearance, colour, taste, smell, and consistency. The milling parameters of emmer were comparable to those of durum wheat; moreover, the content of protein, gluten, and ash was higher in emmer. Spelt was found to be similar to common wheat. Hulled wheats, especially emmer, show good quality parameters and can be an alternative raw material for industrial pasta production.
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Kiecana, Irena, Leszek Rachoń, Elżbieta Mielniczuk, and Grzegorz Szumiło. "The occurrence of fungi on roots and stem bases of common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown under two levels of chemical protection." Acta Agrobotanica 64, no. 3 (2012): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2011.036.
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Investigations were carried out in 2007-2009 on the plots of the Felin Experimental Station belonging to the University of Life Science in Lublin. The studies comprised two cultivation lines of durum wheat (<i>Triticum durum</i> L.): STH 716 and STH 717, as well as the 'Tonacja' cultivar of common wheat (<i>T. aestivum</i> ssp. <i>vulgare</i> L.). Two levels of chemical protection were applied in the cultivation: minimal and complex protection. Infection of wheat roots and stem bases was recorded in each growing season at hard dough stage (87 in Tottman's scale, 1987). After three years of study, the mean disease indexes for the analyzed wheat genotypes in the experimental treatment with minimal protection were 31.13, 30.43 and 38.83 for, respectively, the 'Tonacja' cultivar and the cultivation lines of <i>T. durum</i> STH 716 and STH 717. In the experimental combination with complex protection, after three years of study the disease indexes ranged from 25.26 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 716) to 30.83 (<i>T. durum</i> STH 717). The results of mycological analysis of diseased plants showed that <i>Fusarium</i> spp., especially <i>F. culmorum</i>, <i>F. avenaceum</i> as well as <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, caused root rot and necrosis of wheat stem bases. The analyzed chemical protection levels did not significantly influence grain yield of the investigated genotypes of <i>T. aestivum</i> and <i>T. durum</i>.
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M.A., Abbasov, and Akparov Z.I. "Genetic Diversity in Durum Wheat Collections of Azerbaijan Based on SSR Markers." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine 72, no. 3 (2017): 120–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8102436.
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Genetic diversity and relationships among durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) accessions and varieties be- longed to 29 botanical varieties was studied using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker system. A to- tal of 104 alleles were produced using 13 SSR primers for 145 durum wheat accessions, with an aver- age of 8 bands per primer. The mean H, and PIC values were 0.62 and 0.58, respectively, which indi- cates high diversity in the studied collection. The higher diversities were obtained for var. leucurum (PIC=0.57) and var. hordeiforme (PIC=0.51). No clear grouping pattern was revealed based on botani- cal varieties, with few exceptions, indicating a significant amount of shared alleles among them. The highest similarity was noted between var. hordeiforme and var. melonopus, while var. leucurum and var. melanopus turgidoid were the most distant. Rich diversity revealed among durum wheat cultivars and botanical varieties can be used as a valuable source for future breeding programs.
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Scordia, Danilo, Paolo Guarnaccia, Francesca Calderone, et al. "Adoption of Cereal–Legume Double Cropping toward More Sustainable Organic Systems in the Mediterranean Area." Agronomy 14, no. 4 (2024): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040772.
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Environmental benefits can be achieved by organic farming systems; however, weed pressure and timely crop nutrition remain important drawbacks for many field crops. Agroecological practices, such as double cropping (e.g., intercropping and relay cropping), using forage legume species can provide nitrogen (N) to the companion crop through biological N fixation and tackle weed issues by competing for light, water and land. The present study investigated the effect of intercropping (IC) and relay-cropping (RC) systems of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn) and forage legumes (Trifolium subterraneum L., Medicago polymorpha L., and Lotus corniculatus L.) by varying organic N fertilization with the aim to reduce N-requirement and weed pressure and increase wheat grain yield and grain protein content in Mediterranean organic farming systems. N fertilizer significantly improved wheat grain yield and grain protein, while a null effect on legume and weed biomass yields was found. Double cropping (T. durum-M. polymorpha, and T. durum-L. corniculatus) enhanced wheat grain yield as compared to the control and the T. durum-T. subterraneum. IC significantly improved legume yield, grain protein and the land equivalent ratio (LER) and reduced weed dry biomass as compared with the RC and the control. Among legume species, T. subterraneum outperformed the others and was less affected by the wheat’s competitive performance. Nonetheless, M. polymorpha was as effective as T. subterraneum in controlling weeds. Weed dry biomass was linearly reduced by increasing legume yield; the relationship improved by cumulating wheat grain yield to legume yield. Overall, this study indicated that double cropping, especially IC, can be a suitable agroecological practice to tackle weed issues and reduce N-requirement in Mediterranean organic cereal-based systems.
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Trčková, M., Z. Stehno, and RaimanováI. "Nitrate uptake and N allocation in Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf. seedlings." Plant, Soil and Environment 52, No. 2 (2011): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3351-pse.
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Inter- and intra-species differences in nitrate uptake and N allocation were studied in wheat seedlings. Two collections of wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum and Triticum durum were grown at controlled conditions in hydroponics (773&micro;M NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>, i.e. 10.8 ppm N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>). At the age of 3 weeks the net rate of nitrate uptake was measured in depletion experiments and it was expressed as &micro;mol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash; </sup>per g of root fresh weight per hour (&micro;mol/g FW/h). Nitrate uptake capacity of the whole root system was expressed as &micro;mol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash; </sup>per plantper hour (&micro;mol/plant/h). At the same time wheat plants were harvested and analyzed for nitrogen content. In contrast to the net rate of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash; </sup>uptake (3.98&ndash;8.57&nbsp;&micro;mol/g FW/h) the net NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash; </sup>uptake capacity of T. aestivum roots (6.37&ndash;11.66 &micro;mol/plant/h) significantly differed from T. durum roots (15.26&ndash;22.69 &micro;mol/plant/h). Within T. aestivum collection cultivar Roxo exhibits the lowest value in both traits (3.98 &micro;mol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>/g FW/h and 6.67 &micro;mol NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash;</sup>/plant/h). By contrast Strela was characterized by relatively low NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash; </sup>uptake rate (5.47 &micro;mol/g FW/h) and the highest NO<sub>3</sub><sup>&ndash; </sup>uptake capacity (11.66 &micro;mol/plant/h). Intra-species differences in T. durum group were not significant. In both species about 70% total nitrogen was found in shoot. Statistically significant differences in nitrogen content and its allocation were affected by growth rate in early stages of development.
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A.J., Aliyeva, and Aminov N.Kh. "Studying Meiosis and Genetic Character of Inheritance of the Novel Type Branching in Hybrid Populations, Derived from the Crosses between a Line 171ACS and Tetra- and Hexaploid Wheat Species and Amfidiploids." Journal of Life Sciences and Biomedicine 67, no. 2 (2012): 48–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7473818.
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A line 171ACS (AABBDD, 2n=6x=42), that derived from the cross between an Aegilotriticale or trigeneric incomplete amphidiploid [(Triticum durum Desf. × Aegilops tauschii Coss) × Secale cereale L. ssp. segetale Zhuk.] (genomic formula AABBD/R, 2n=6x=42) and a bread wheat cultivar T. aestivum L. ‘Chinese Spring’ (AABBDD, 2n=6x=42) and involved to hybridizations only with the durum (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread (T. aestivum L.) wheat cultivars up to date, have been crossed with the other tetra- (AABB, 2n=4x=28) and hexaploid (AABBDD, 2n=6x=42) wheat species, also tetra- (AADD, 2n=4x=28) and hexaploid (AADDSS, 2n=6x=42) wheat amphidiploids having D-genome. The meiosis and inheritance of the novel type spike branching in obtained these hybrid populations F1-F3 were studied. It have been found that the segregation ratios in F2 and F3 took places as 3 normal : 1 branched and 5 normal : 3 branched, respectively, i.e. a novel type of branching is inherited by a single gene to the tetraploid wheats and a line 171ACS is a source of the novel type branching not only in durum wheats, also other tetraploid wheat species. But not a single branched spike observed in hybrid populations that produced by crosses of the line 171ACS with hexaploid wheat species, also tetra- and hexaploid amphidiploids having D-genome, as well as it observed before in hybrid populations derived from the crosses among a line 171ACS and bread wheat cultivars. These results once more experimentally confirmed an inhibitor effect of D-genome chromosomes on the expression of spike branching. In spite of the both parental forms had D-genome, the branched spike forms have been generated in hybrid populations 171ACS × T. vavilovii Jakubz. and 171ACS × T. petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. This fenomen in the former explains by branchiness of T. vavilovii itself, but in the latter might be two different explanations: either in these hybrids has been activated some mechanism which prevented an inhibitor effect of D-genome chromosomes on expression branching spike, or D-genome chromosomes were eliminated in part or in full.
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Szűcs, P., O. Veisz, G. Vida, and Z. Bedő. "Winter hardiness of durum wheat in Hungary." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 51, no. 4 (2003): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.51.2003.4.3.
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One basic precondition for the reliable cultivation of winter durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in Hungary is for the varieties to have good winter hardiness and frost resistance. Field overwintering experiments carried out in Martonvásár between 1995 and 2003 demonstrated that there was a significant difference every year between the overwintering of varieties with poor and good frost resistance, though only in two years was there a significant difference between that of varieties with medium and better frost resistance. Only a medium correlation was observed between the mean annual values of the air temperature in the winter months and the winter hardiness of the varieties, confirming that winter hardiness is influenced jointly by a number of environmental factors (e.g. cold, snow cover). In the experiments carried out on the winter hardiness dynamics of durum wheat, it was found that in milder winters even T. durum varieties which are sensitive to frost overwintered with little damage, while in the two coldest winters during the experimental period the hardiness of these varieties did not provide sufficient protection even in December, and all the plants were destroyed by January. The early spring frosts experienced in 1996 proved in these experiments that spring frosts may cause considerable damage even to durum wheat varieties with relatively good winter hardiness. Averaged over eight years, the results prove that T. durum genotypes are now available whose average state of hardening and winter hardiness are equal or better than those of winter T. aestivum varieties with moderate frost resistance.
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Held, Alicja, and Marja Majorkiewicz. "Rozwój i zwyrodnienie aparatu antypodowego u Triticum durum Desf. i Triticum vulgare Vill. [Die Entwicklung und Degeneration des Antipodenapparates bei Triticum durum Desf. und T. vulgare Vill.]." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 11, no. 4 (2017): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1934.026.
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Radaelli, Marta, Elisa Scalabrin, Marco Roman, Gabriella Buffa, Irene Griffante, and Gabriele Capodaglio. "Characterization of Ancient Cereals Cultivated by Intensive and Organic Procedures for Element Content." Molecules 29, no. 15 (2024): 3645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153645.
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According to their nutritional value, their ability to adapt to the various environmental conditions, and their versatility, cereals are among the most cultivated plants in the world. However, the ongoing climate changes subject crops to important environmental stress that for some varieties leads to high production losses. Therefore, the selection of species and varieties that are more versatile and adaptable to different environmental conditions can be important. However, the characteristics of some cereals are not completely known; this is a priority before aiming to improve their cultivation. The aim of this study is to characterize select species that are potentially suitable for local environmental conditions and that possess nutritional value. The elemental composition was assessed in different cereal species grown following intensive and organic agriculture practices. Six species were grown for this study with techniques of intensive agriculture: Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum L., Triticum aestivum L., variety Verna, Triticum durum Desf., variety Senatore Cappelli, Triticum durum Desf., variety Claudio, and Avena strigosa Schreb.; four of these were also grown following organic procedures: Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum L., Triticum aestivum L., variety Verna, and Triticum durum Desf., variety Senatore Cappelli. The study considered twenty elements, including major nutrients (Ca, K, Mg, P, and S), seven micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, and Zn), and trace elements with toxic properties (Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Na, Rb, Sc, and Sr) that can be accumulated at the seed level. The results highlight the differences in the element concentrations in the cereal seeds in relation to the genus and species; the highest concentrations of the major nutrients appeared in T. monococcum; the concentrations were 6.9, 2.09, 7.2, and 2.9 mg/g for K, Mg, P, and S, respectively. The highest concentrations of certain micronutrients, B, Ca, Mo, and Se (16, 785, 3.69, and 0.34 μg/g), were in A. strigosa. There is also evidence that the element content can be affected by the adopted cultivation procedure; however, the effects of the growing procedure can be significantly different when different species are considered. T. monococcum, grown by an organic procedure, presented lower concentrations of the major nutrients, while it demonstrated a modest increase in the micronutrients in the T. durum variety organic S. Cappelli, and the production procedure did not affect the elemental composition of the T. aestivum variety Verna. The survey also highlights that the studied species and the growing procedure affected the capacity to accumulate and translocate trace hazardous elements for human health at the seed level.
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RELINA, Liana, Liudmyla VECHERSKA, Roman BOHUSLAVSKYI, and Oleg GOLIK. "Grain quality of tetraploid wheat Triticum durum desf. var. Falcatomelanopus jakubz. & filat." Stiinta Agricola, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3524135.
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Abstract. Triticum durum var. falcatomelanopus is tetraploid wheat with some valuable traits, though it is scarcely described in literature. Given that this convariety can be promising material for breeding, our objective was to evaluate the quality, performance and processing parameters of its grain. Grain harvested in 2015, 2016 and 2017 was analyzed. The protein content was determined by Kjeldahl digestion. The carotenoid level was spectrophotometrically assessed in acetone extracts. The antiradical activity was investigated by DPPH• assay in ethanol extracts. The contents of trace minerals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The parameters under investigation were divergently affected by weather conditions. Our results have demonstrated that T. durum var. falcatomelanopus is a source of large seeds; it can be used in wheat breeding as a source of high iron and sufficient zinc contents, balanced copper content, high vitreousness and grain hardness; it cannot be referred to high-carotenoid or high-antioxidant, or high-protein species.
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ЖАРКОВ, Н. А. "ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОСТЬ ПОЛЕВОЙ ВСХОЖЕСТИ СЕМЯН У МЕЖВИДОВЫХ ГИБРИДОВ Triticum aestivum x T. durum Desf." Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya, № 3 (червень 2012): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2012.3.61rus.
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Ozberk, Irfan, Yalcin Coskun, Ali Ilkhan, Mehmet Koten, Bahri Karli, and John Ryan. "Comparison of Bed Planting-furrow Irrigation with Conventional Planting-flood Irrigation in Durum Wheat (T. durum Desf) in Southeastern Turkey." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 12, no. 10 (2009): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2009.772.778.
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Starovičová, M., Z. Gálová, and H. Knoblochová. "Identification of Glutenin Markers in Cultivars of three Wheat Species." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 39, No. 2 (2011): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3719-cjgpb.
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In a collection of 41 Slovak and European winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), 5 spelt wheat cultivars (Triticum spelta L.) and 3 durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum DESF.) we investigated the qualitative composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), the Gluten quality (GQ) score and the presence of the secale block 1B3. The highest frequency of the HMW-GS 0, 7 + 9 and 5 + 10 was found among the winter wheat cultivars. The highest GQ score of 10 was found in the cultivars SK-30 and FD-92017/1. A GQ score of 9 was found in the cultivars Astella, Ilona, Velta and MV-06-95. The HMW-GS 0 and 7 + 8, associated with a GQ of 4, were found in T. durum. The electrophoretic spectra of the spelt wheat cultivars were not homogeneous and represented 4 different lines. &nbsp;
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Woźniak, Andrzej, Dariusz Gontarz, and Michał Staniszewski. "Wpływ zmianowania na plonowanie i wartość wskaźnika LAI pszenicy twardej (Triticum durum Desf.)." Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, no. 237/238 (December 30, 2005): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.37317/biul-2005-0002.
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W pracy przedstawiono wpływ zróżnicowanego udziału pszenicy twardej (Triticum durum Desf.) w zmianowaniu na plon ziarna i wartość wskaźnika pokrycia liściowego (LAI). Wykazano, że pszenica twarda uprawiana w monokulturze plonowała istotnie niżej (o 0,91–1,13 t∙ha-1) niż w zmianowaniach z 25, 50 i 75% jej udziałem w strukturze zasiewów. Było to wynikiem mniejszej liczby kłosów na 1 m2, niższej masy ziarna z kłosa i mniejszej liczby ziaren w kłosie. Również powierzchnia liści wyrażona wartością (LAI) była istotnie mniejsza w monokulturze niż w zmianowaniu.
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Villaseñor-Mir, Héctor E., Julio Huerta-Espino, Eliel Martínez-Cruz, et al. "RÍO BRAVO C2018, NUEVA VARIEDAD DE TRIGO MACARRONERO PARA ÁREAS DE RIEGO EN MÉXICO." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 44, no. 2 (2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2021.2.269.
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La producción anual de trigo cristalino (Triticum durum Desf) en México es aproximadamente de 2 millones de t, de las cuales cerca de 700 mil se utilizan para consumo nacional y 1.3 millones de t se exportan (CANIMOLT, 2016). Los principales estados productores son Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, Guanajuato y Michoacán, que participan con 90 % de la producción total (SIAP, 2020). En el Valle del Yaqui, que es la zona más importante de producción de trigo cristalino en el sur de Sonora, el rendimiento potencial promedio por hectárea es de 6.9 t con riego y en la fecha normal de siembra (Valenzuela-Antelo et al., 2018).
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Dönmez, Emel Oybak. "Urartian crop plant remains from Patnos (Aǧri), eastern Turkey." Anatolian Studies 53 (December 2003): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643088.
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AbstractThe analysis of eight samples of carbonised plant material from the Patnos area (Aǧri), an important site of the Urartian period in eastern Turkey is presented. Bread/macaroni wheat (Triticum aestivum L./T. durum Desf.) and domesticated emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübl.) are the main crop plants. Hulled barley (Hordeum L.) is less abundantly represented. Pulse seeds, bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and Latyhrus L.-type were found in smaller numbers. A few wild seeds were also recorded.
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Muramatsu, Mikio. "The vulgare super gene, Q: its universality in durum wheat and its phenotypic effects in tetraploid and hexaploid wheats." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 1 (1986): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-006.
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The genotype at the Q locus on chromosome 5A of Triticum durum Desf. (2n = 28, AABB), a species with keeled glumes and tough rachis, was studied by either crossing the species with, or substituting its 5A into, a hexaploid common wheat, T. aestivum (L.)Thell. ssp. vulgare (Vill.) MK. cv. Chinese Spring (2n = 42, AABBDD, QQ genotype). Contrary to the opinion of previous researchers that keeled-glumed wheats always have the spelta gene, q, the durum strains studied had a hypermorphic allele, the vulgare gene, Q. No speltoid plants appeared in the progeny of the crosses, and disomic substitution lines (2n = 2) had squareheaded (= vulgare type) spikes. Also, three doses of the long arm of 5A of durum produced compactoidy. Apparently, Q does not produce round glumes in the genetic backgrounds of most tetraploids except T. carthlicum Nevski. The phenotype conditioned by Q, which is evidently present in all free-threshing tetraploid wheats, is somewhat different at the tetraploid level from that in hexaploids. The presence of Q tends to magnify the differences in the degree of expression of certain minor characters.Key words: Triticum, phylogeny, vulgare gene, pleiotropic gene, dosage effect, interaction.
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Abyshova, Kh Sh, R. T. Aliev, L. S. Abdullaeva, S. B. Sadygova, and A. M. Kerimova. "STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF HARD WHEAT (T. DURUM DESF) SAMPLES AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES." International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research (Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований), no. 5 2024 (2024): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.13627.
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Yau, S. K., M. Nachit,, and J. Ryan. "Variation in growth, development, and yield of durum wheat in response to high soil boron. II. Differences between genotypes." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96145.
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This greenhouse study examined the variation in growth, development, and yield between 9 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf., syn. T. durum) lines in response to high soil boron (B) levels. The lines were selected to represent the range of B-toxicity tolerance in an earlier screening experiment. Three soil B levels (hot-water extractable B concentrations of 0·3, 7·1, and 17·4 mg/kg, designated as B0, B25, and B50, respectively) were set up by mixing different amounts of boric acid with soil. Foliar B-toxicity symptom score, dry weight, and shoot-B concentration were measured at tillering. Agronomic traits and yield were measured. There were differential responses to high soil B levels between the durum lines. The boron×line interaction was significant for B-toxicity symptom score and shoot-B concentration. Based on these 2 characters, and percentage of shoot dry weight and grain yield reduction from B0 to B50, Oued Zenati, Omrabi-5, and Gezira-17 were the most tolerant of the 9 durum lines, yet they were less tolerant to high soil B levels than the tolerant bread-wheat check, Halberd. Nonetheless, until more tolerant materials are developed, these moderately tolerant durum lines could still be useful for areas, like southern Australia, where B toxicity is a problem.
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Suchowilska, Elżbieta, Marian Wiwart, Urszula Wachowska, Wioleta Radawiec, Maciej Combrzyński, and Dariusz Gontarz. "A comparison of phenotypic variation in Triticum durum Desf. genotypes deposited in gene banks based on the shape and color descriptors of kernels in a digital image analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0259413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259413.
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Durum wheat is the tenth most valuable crop on a global scale. The aim of this study was to compare the phenotypic variation of T. durum accessions of different origin with contemporary spring cultivars of this cereal species. One hundred and two accessions and 12 contemporary cultivars of Triticum durum Desf. as well as Kamut® wheat (T. turanicum), a Triticum species closely related to T. durum, were analyzed. The aim of this study was to describe the degree of variation in the phenotypic traits of grain and selected traits associated with technological quality. The examined genotypes were characterized by considerable phenotypic variation, and they can be a valuable source of material for genetic recombination in durum wheat breeding. The analyzed accessions were characterized by a higher average content of protein (16.48 vs. 14.56%) and wet gluten (38.04 vs. 32.07%), higher Zeleny sedimentation values (69.7 vs. 60.4ml), and higher flour strength (W index values of 404.64 vs. 353.47) than the reference cultivars. The kernels of the evaluated accessions and cultivars did not differ significantly in average crease depth, but significant differences were observed in the values of descriptors directly linked with kernel size, especially kernel image area and minimal Feret diameter. The traits responsible for the processing suitability of grain were more strongly correlated with color descriptors than shape descriptors, which suggests that color parameters can be used to select high-quality breeding material. The analyzed accessions have two major weaknesses, namely relatively low yields (22.6 dt ha-1 on average) and undesirable grain color, indicative of low carotenoid concentration. The accessions deposited in gene banks do not meet the relevant agronomic requirements. However, both grain yield and carotenoid concentration are polygenic traits which can be improved if desirable combinations of QTLs are assembled in breeding lines and cultivars.
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Korkhova, M. M. "The effect of presowing seed treatment with chlorella suspension on the productivity of different varieties of Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf. and T. spelta L." Plant varieties studying and protection 20, no. 2 (2024): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.20.2.2024.304101.
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Purpose. To determine the main elements of ear productivity, yield and mass fraction of protein in the grain of the studied species and varieties of winter wheat, depending on the presowing treatment of seeds with “Chlorella suspension”. Methods. Field trials with different varieties of winter wheat (T. aestivum, T. spelta and T. durum) were carried out in 2020–2022 at the experimental field of the MNAU’s Educational, Scientific and Practical Centre. Before sowing, the seeds of the varieties studied were treated with the biological preparation “Chlorella suspension”. Results. During the years of research, it was possible to determine the varietal response to weather conditions that influenced the formation of the main elements of winter wheat productivity. For example, the highest number of productive stems (858 pcs/m2) was produced by plants of the variety ‘Vidrada’ (T. aestivum) in the variant with presowing seed treatment with “Chlorella suspension”. In 2020, spelt plants of the ‘Evropa’ variety had the highest grain weight per ear (1.21 g), but the lowest number of productive stems (435 pcs/m2). ‘Shestopalivka’ (T. aestivum) and ‘Evropa’ (T. spelta) produced the maximum grain yield in 2021 (6.92 and 5.75 t/ha, respectively), ‘Bosfor’ (T. durum) – in 2022 (5.71 t/ha). On average over the three years of the trial, the highest yield was observed in the ‘Shestopalivka’ soft winter wheat plants in the variant with presowing seed treatment with “Chlorella suspension” – 6.01 t/ha, which is 0.22–2.48 t/ha more than in other variants of the trial. The lowest yield level was observed in spelt plants of variety ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ in the seed treatment with water (control variant) – from 2.74 t/ha in 2020 to 4.12 t/ha in 2022. The mass fraction of protein in grain in the variant with the use of “Chlorella suspension” among T. aestivum and T. durum varieties was distinguished by ‘Vidrada’ (15.8–15.9%) and ‘Lincor’ (14.6%), among T. spelta varieties – ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ (20.2%). Conclusions. The developed elements of the technology of winter wheat cultivation allow to increase the yield and quality of grain in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, which confirms the relevance of this field of research.
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Pačuta, Vladimír, Marek Rašovský, Beata Michalska-Klimczak, and Zdzislaw Wyszyňski. "Grain Yield and Quality Traits of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Treated with Seaweed- and Humic Acid-Based Biostimulants." Agronomy 11, no. 7 (2021): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071270.
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The ongoing climate change with increasingly frequent, prolonged drought during the vegetation period is a significant factor affecting production of field crops, including durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). One of the approaches to effectively protect plants from drought stress is the foliar application of bioactive substances and selection of appropriate genetic material for specific location conditions. In this study, the impacts of brown seaweed based and humic substance-based biostimulants were researched. The positive impact of bioactive substances on grain yield has been reported in many studies. However, the impact on quality components is questionable and not well investigated. In this study, a highly significant (α < 0.01) positive impact of bioactive substances on grain yield was confirmed. The highest grain yield was observed on the fertilized variant with humic substances (4.03 t ha−1). When compared to control, there was a high statistically significant difference. The biofertilization impact on quality components was weakly positive in most cases, although without statistical significance (α > 0.05). The study included evaluating the interactions biofertilization–weather conditions (BW) and biofertilization–variety (BV). According to the ANOVA results, a highly significant impact in BW on grain yield was found, and in BV, a highly significant impact on protein content, falling number, and gluten content (α < 0.01) and significant impact on grain yield and vitreousness were found (α < 0.05). Correlation analysis among the monitored parameters was performed. The results that we obtained from the multi-annual field research may contribute to sustainable arable farming in areas with a lack of rainfall during vegetation. By foliar application of bioactive substances, we achieved a significant increase in the yield of durum wheat while maintaining or increasing the quality parameters of the grain.
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AMARPREET SINGH and YASHBIR SINGH SHIVAY. "Residual effects of summer green manure crops and zinc applied to rice (Oryza sativa) on succeeding durum wheat (Triticum durum) under basmati ricewheat cropping sequence." Indian Journal of Agronomy 58, no. 3 (2001): 327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v58i3.4194.
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Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2009-11) at the research farm of Indian Agricul- tural Research Institute, New Delhi, to determine the direct and residual effects of summer green manuring crops [Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha), Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp) and Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea)] and zinc fertilizer sources [EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn), ZnSO .7H O (21% Zn), ZnSO .H O (33% Zn), ZnO (82% Zn) and 4 2 4 2 ZnSO .7H O + ZnO (50% + 50%)] on productivity, Zn uptake and economics of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)du- 4 2 rum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cropping sequence. In this paper information pertaining to residual effect of treatments on durum wheat is given. Significant residual effects of Zn fertilizer sources and summer green manur- ing crops were observed on durum wheat in comparison with control (no Zn application or summer fallow in pre- ceding Basmati rice). With residual effect of Sesbania incorporation, grain and straw yields of durum wheat were 4.5 and 5.16 t/ha, which were 15.9 and 10.0% higher compared to fallow. Among the different Zn fertilizer sources, residual effect of EDTA-chelated Zn was found to be the best with respect to growth, yield attributes, grain, straw, Zn content and uptake and economics. The residual effect of application of EDTA-chelated Zn resulted in the high- est durum wheat grain (4.78 t/ha) and straw yields (5.38 t/ha) compared to control. Highest Zn concentration in grain (43.0 mg/kg) and straw (126.6 mg/kg) and its uptake was recorded with residual effect of Sesbania incorpo- ration compared with sunhemp, cowpea and summer fallow. Highest total Zn uptake (936.6 g/ha) in durum wheat was recorded with residual effect of EDTA-chelated Zn application, followed by ZnSO .7H O, ZnSO .H O, 4 2 4 2 ZnSO .7H O + ZnO (50% + 50%), ZnO and control. The best economical returns were obtained with residual ef- 4 2 fect of Sesbania incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn combination.
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Yau, S. K., and M. C. Saxena. "Variation in growth, development, and yield of durum wheat in response to high soil boron. I. Average effects." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 7 (1997): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96144.
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A greenhouse study was conducted to examine how the performance of a group of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf, syn. T. Durum) lines was affected by high soil boron (B) levels in terms of growth, phenological development, and grain yield components. Three soil B levels (hot-water extractable B concentrations of 0·3, 7·1, and 17·4 mg/kg) were set up by mixing soil with boric acid. Foliar symptom scores of B toxicity were taken at the beginning of tillering. Six seedlings were then harvested from each pot for measurement of dry weight and shoot B concentration. Days to heading, numbers of tillers and heads, plant height, flag-leaf area, grain and straw yield, and number of grains were also measured. The high soil B level (17·4 mg/kg) caused symptoms of B toxicity on the foliage, increased shoot B concentrations, retarded growth, and reduced grain yield. Other effects included delayed heading; greater reduction in grain yield than straw yield; severely reduced grain yield per tiller due to an increase in aborted tillers; and decreased 1000-grain weight and number of heads per plant. The moderately high soil B level (7·1 mg/kg) also severely depressed the grain yield of these durum lines.