Relevant bibliographies by topics / T-z curve

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'T-z curve'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "T-z curve"

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Rachmayanti, Nisa Utami, and Paulus Pramono Rahardjo. "Development Study of T-Z Curve Generated from Kentledge System and Bidirectional Test." UKaRsT 5, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v5i1.1090.

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Pile loading tests to check the bearing capacity to support large loads. We can also use it to measure its deflection under lateral load. There are two tests: the axial static pile load test (Kentledge) and the two-directional static pile load test (Bidirectional). T-Z curve as the result analysis based on the instrumented pile test data describes the load distribution and mobilized skin friction along with the pile. Numbers of Vibrating Wire Strain Gauge (VWSG) mounted in several depths of the bored pile and two tell-tale on top and toe of the pile used as primary data in this research. This research to determine the different distribution of mobilized skin friction. The pile from two different pile load test methods from the calculated t-z curve as the study developed from both methods of pile test. The research results that the kentledge system has bigger mobilized skin friction than in bidirectional test.
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Dujella, Andrej, Ivica Gusić, and Petra Tadić. "The rank and generators of Kihara’s elliptic curve with torsion $\mathbf{Z}/4\mathbf{Z}$ over $\mathbf{Q}(t)$." Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series A, Mathematical Sciences 91, no. 8 (August 2015): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3792/pjaa.91.105.

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Liu, Zhi Lin, Pu Rong Jia, Tao Peng, and Zheng Lan Yao. "Study on Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Composite T-Joints." Advanced Materials Research 1142 (January 2017): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1142.146.

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Based on three kinds of composite T-joints with different connection way for tension test outside the plane, it was obtained contrastively that how the ordinary adhesive, Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement three different fitting influence tensile strength, damage failure process and failure mode of composite T-joints. The test results showed that compared with ordinary adhesive connection mode, tensile strength of the Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement T-joints increased by 13.6% and 11.4%, respectively; and the largest deformation increased by 19.2% and 15.1%, respectively. After reaching maximum load condition, the ordinary adhesive T-joints had brittle failures, but Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement T-joints all showed that the ductile damage behavior, corresponding to the load-displacement curve appeared saw-tooth wave platform. Obviously, the Z-pin reinforcement T-joints had the most significant reinforcement effect on tensile properties of composite laminates T-joints.
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Li, Lin, Jingpei Li, De’an Sun, and Weibing Gong. "Semi-analytical approach for time-dependent load–settlement response of a jacked pile in clay strata." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, no. 12 (December 2017): 1682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0561.

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Mechanical behaviour of the soil around a jacked pile changes significantly during pile installation and subsequent consolidation. Hence, an axially loaded jacked pile exhibits apparent time-dependent bearing performance after pile installation. This paper presents a semi-analytical approach to predict the time-dependent bearing performance of an axially loaded jacked pile in saturated clay strata. The effects of pile installation and subsequent consolidation on the changes in mechanical properties of the surrounding soil are modeled by the cavity expansion theory and the radial consolidation theory, respectively. An exponential function–based load-transfer (t–z) curve is employed to describe the nonlinear behaviour of the pile–soil interface during pile loading. The evolutions of the three-dimensional strength and shear modulus of the surrounding soil are subsequently incorporated into the two model parameters of the proposed t–z curve to capture the time-dependent pile–soil interaction behaviour. The time-dependent elastic response of the soil outside the pile–soil interface is also considered in the proposed approach. With the proposed load-transfer curve, an incremental algorithm and a corresponding computational code are developed for assessing the time-dependent load–settlement response of a jacked pile. To verify the proposed semi-analytical approach, predictions of the time-dependent load–settlement curves are compared with the measured values from pile tests at two sites. The good agreement shows that the time-dependent bearing performance can be reasonably predicted by the proposed approach.
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Lange, Tanja, and Igor E. Shparlinski. "Certain Exponential Sums and Random Walks on Elliptic Curves." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2005-015-8.

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AbstractFor a given elliptic curve E, we obtain an upper bound on the discrepancy of sets of multiples zsG where zs runs through a sequence Z = (z1, … , zT) such that kz1, … , kzT is a permutation of z1, … , zT, both sequences taken modulo t, for sufficiently many distinct values of k modulo t.We apply this result to studying an analogue of the power generator over an elliptic curve. These results are elliptic curve analogues of those obtained for multiplicative groups of finite fields and residue rings.
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Sheil-Small, T. "On the Fourier series of a finitely described convex curve and a conjecture of H. S. Shapiro." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 98, no. 3 (November 1985): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100063714.

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AbstractLet F(eis) denote a homeomorphism of the positively oriented unit circle onto a convex curve Γ and let f (eit) = F(eiΦ(t)), where Φ(t) is a non-decreasing function such that Φ(2π) – Φ(0) ≤ 2πN (N a positive integer). If f (eit) has Fourier coefficients cn, we show that is either constant or an N -valent analytic function in {|z| < 1}. We prove that where d is the distance from 0 to Γ and δ(N) > 0 depends only on N. This settles affirmatively a conjecture of H. S. Shapiro.
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Milne, Stephen, Jacqueline Huvanandana, Chinh Nguyen, Joseph M. Duncan, David G. Chapman, Katrina O. Tonga, Sabine C. Zimmermann, Alexander Slattery, Gregory G. King, and Cindy Thamrin. "Time-based pulmonary features from electrical impedance tomography demonstrate ventilation heterogeneity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 5 (November 1, 2019): 1441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00304.2019.

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Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a functional imaging technique that allows real-time monitoring of ventilation distribution. Ventilation heterogeneity (VH) is a characteristic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has previously been quantified using features derived from tidal variations in the amplitude of the EIT signal. However, VH may be better described by time-based metrics, the measurement of which is made possible by the high temporal resolution of EIT. We aimed 1) to quantify VH using novel time-based EIT metrics and 2) to determine the physiological relevance of these metrics by exploring their relationships with complex lung mechanics measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT). We performed FOT, spirometry, and tidal-breathing EIT measurements in 11 healthy controls and 9 volunteers with COPD. Through offline signal processing, we derived 3 features from the impedance-time ( Z- t) curve for each image pixel: 1) tE, mean expiratory time; 2) PHASE, mean time difference between pixel and global Z- t curves; and 3) AMP, mean amplitude of Z- t curve tidal variation. Distribution was quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) and the heterogeneity index (HI). Both CV and HI of the tE and PHASE features were significantly increased in COPD compared with controls, and both related to spirometry and FOT resistance and reactance measurements. In contrast, distribution of the AMP feature showed no relationships with lung mechanics. These novel time-based EIT metrics of VH reflect complex lung mechanics in COPD and have the potential to allow real-time visualization of pulmonary physiology in spontaneously breathing subjects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a real-time imaging technique capable of monitoring ventilation with exquisite temporal resolution. We report novel, time-based EIT measurements that not only demonstrate ventilation heterogeneity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but also reflect oscillatory lung mechanics. These EIT measurements are noninvasive, radiation-free, easy to obtain, and provide real-time visualization of the complex pathophysiology of COPD.
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Tremblay, Annie, Elsa Spinelli, Caitlin E. Coughlin, and Jui Namjoshi. "Syntactic Cues Take Precedence Over Distributional Cues in Native and Non-Native Speech Segmentation." Language and Speech 61, no. 4 (September 25, 2018): 615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023830918801392.

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This study investigates whether syntactic cues take precedence over distributional cues in native and non-native speech segmentation by examining native and non-native speech segmentation in potential French-liaison contexts. Native French listeners and English-speaking second-language learners of French completed a visual-world eye-tracking experiment. Half the stimuli contained the pivotal consonant /t/, a frequent word onset but infrequent liaison consonant, and half contained /z/, a frequent liaison consonant but rare word onset. In the adjective–noun condition (permitting liaison), participants heard a consonant-initial target (e.g., le petit tatoué; le fameux zélé) that was temporarily ambiguous at the segmental level with a vowel-initial competitor (e.g., le petit [t]athée; le fameux [z]élu); in the noun–adjective condition (not permitting liaison), they heard a consonant-initial target (e.g., le client tatoué; le Français zélé) that was not temporarily ambiguous with a vowel-initial competitor (e.g., le client [*t]athée; le Français [*z]élu). Growth-curve analyses revealed that syntactic context modulated both groups’ fixations (noun–adjective > adjective–noun), and pivotal consonant modulated both groups’ fixations (/t/ > /z/) only in the adjective–noun condition, with the effect of the consonant decreasing in more proficient French learners. These results suggest that syntactic cues override distributional cues in the segmentation of French words in potential liaison contexts.
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Dufort, Evann L., Jonathan Sogin, Mark R. Etzel, and Barbara H. Ingham. "Inactivation Kinetics of Pathogens during Thermal Processing in Acidified Broth and Tomato Purée (pH 4.5)." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 12 (November 1, 2017): 2014–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-147.

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ABSTRACT Thermal inactivation kinetics for single strains of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica were measured in acidified tryptic soy broth (TSB; pH 4.5) heated at 54°C. Inactivation curves also were measured for single-pathogen five-strain cocktails of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica heated in tomato purée (pH 4.5) at 52, 54, 56, and 58°C. Inactivation curves were fit using log-linear and nonlinear (Weibull) models. The Weibull model yields the time for a 5-log reduction (t*) and a curve shape parameter (β). Decimal reduction times (D-values) and thermal resistance constants (z-values) from the two models were compared by defining t* = 5D* for the Weibull model. When the log-linear and Weibull models match at the 5-log reduction time, then t* = 5D* = 5D and D = D*. In 18 of 20 strains heated in acidified TSB, D and D* for the two models were not significantly different, although nonlinearity was observed in 35 of 60 trials. Similarly, in 51 of 52 trials for pathogen cocktails heated in tomato purée, D and D* were not significantly different, although nonlinearity was observed in 31% of trials. At a given temperature, D-values for S. enterica &lt;&lt; L. monocytogenes &lt; E. coli O157:H7 in tomato purée (pH 4.5). When using the two models, z-values calculated from the D-values were not significantly different for a given pathogen. Across all pathogens, z-values for E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica were not different but were significantly lower than the z-values for L. monocytogenes. These results are useful for supporting process filings for tomato-based acidified food products with pH 4.5 and below and are relevant to small processors of tomato-based acidified canned foods who do not have the resources to conduct research on and validate pathogen lethality.
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Zerrouk, I., S. G. Ionov, V. P. Popov, and S. Hamamda. "Anisotropy of Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Pressed Graphite Foam Measured over the Temperature Interval 20-500°C." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.241.

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This research is aimed at determining the thermal expansion coefficient, α(T), along three directions, X, Y, and Z, of a graphite sample pressed along the direction of weak interactions (Z), over the temperature range [25-500°C]. The experiment results showed that pressing completely alters the dilatometric behavior of the material, and the shape of the α(T) curve changes significantly from one direction to another. Comparing αX, αY, and αZ, a strong anisotropy in the thermal expansion coefficient is observed. This is in good agreement with results published by other researchers who have shown that the electrical conductivity and thermal conductibility of a similar material exhibits strong anisotropic behavior. Pressing has also led to anisotropy in the basal plane, i.e. between αX and αY which have opposite signs. [Pressing results in a significant decrease in α(T) along the Y axis, which is considerably lower than that reported in the literature. αZ is clearly higher that of non-pressed graphite. The wide divergence among the three coefficients is believed to be attributed to the intensification of the membrane effect.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "T-z curve"

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Forni, Fabio. "Investigating the axial response of pile foundations for offshore wind turbines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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I crescenti problemi legati ai cambiamenti climatici rendono l'impiego delle energie rinnovabili sempre più interessante. In questa ottica, in Germania si sta pianificando di aumentare la produzione di energia pulita attraverso lo sfruttamento dell’energia eolica. Nuovi impianti di turbine eoliche sono previsti nel Mare del Nord in acque medio profonde (25-45m) dove la parte immersa della struttura della turbina eolica (chiamata sottostruttura) è spesso costituita da una struttura jacket (traliccio) o tripod (a treppiedi). Questo tipo di sottostrutture trasmettono principalmente carichi assiali alle fondazioni (in genere fondazioni su palo), e il carico a trazione è la forza che maggiormente ne influenza il dimensionamento. Molte compagnie energetiche tedesche sono interessate a migliorare l’efficienza e i costi dei loro impianti eolici e, per questo, incaricano università ed istituti di ricerca (come il Fraunhofer IWES) per indagarne gli aspetti, come ad esempio il comportamento delle fondazioni offshore. All’autore di questa tesi è stata data l’opportunità di studiare e lavorare al Fraunhofer IWES e perciò questa tesi tratterà del compramento di pali caricati assialmente e staticamente pensati per sottostrutture jacket o tripod per turbine eoliche. Nello studio effettuato per questa tesi, i dati seprimentali, ottenuti da una campagna sperimentale condotta (in larga scala 1:10 1:5) su pali infissi in terreno sabbioso, sono confrontati attraverso l’impiego delle load-transfer curves (funzioni che descrivono il comportamento d’interfaccia palosuolo) usando sia un’approccio classico (fornito dal metodo di calcolo API Main Text) sia approcci più recenti (dati dai metodi di calcolo CPT). Uno script Matlab creato appositamente dall’autore di questa tesi riesce ad implementare 11 diversi tipi di load-transfer curves. Il lavoro di tesi si conclude con un esempio pratico in grado di fornire un’idea di come questo script può essere usato nella progettazione.
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Niraula, Lila Dhar. "Development of modified t-z curves for large diameter piles/drilled shafts in limestone for fb-pier." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006988.

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Lawson, Edward. "ANALYSIS OF THE PILE LOAD TESTS AT THE US 68/KY 80 BRIDGE OVER KENTUCKY LAKE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/86.

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Large diameter piles are widely used as foundations to support buildings, bridges, and other structures. As a result, it is critical for the field to have an optimized approach for quality control and efficiency purposes to measure the suggested number of load tests and the required measured capacities driven piles. In this thesis, an analysis of a load test program designed for proposed bridge replacements at Kentucky Lake is performed. It includes a detailed site exploration study with in-situ and laboratory testing. The pile load test program included monitoring of a steel H-pile and steel open ended pipe pile during driving and static loading. The pile load test program included static and dynamic testing at both pile testing locations. Predictions of both pile capacities were estimated using commonly applied failure criterion, and a load transfer analysis was carried out on the dynamic and static test data for both piles. The dynamic tests were then compared to the measured data from the static test to examine the accuracy. This thesis concludes by constructing t-z and q-z curves and comparing the load transfer analyses of the static and dynamic tests.
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Ru, Chen Kan, and 陳侃如. "The Relationship Theoretical and Experimental t-z Curve." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97720219077402959071.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
84
The purpose of this thesis is to study the behavior of friction force of model pile under axial load in drain condition and to verify the method of theoretical t-z curve suggested by Kishida& Tsubakihara.In experiment work,the modified middle triaxial com- -pression test device and simple shear test device are used to finish axial load and constant volume test respectively.In the work of verification,both the information of model pile test and in-situ pile test are employed. From this research,it was discovered that the friction angle of pile- soil interface is closed to the internal friction angle ob- tained by simple shear test under constant volume condition,and the parameter β and δ are relate to the confined pressure and the overconsolidation ratio.In addition,it was found there is almost no difference between the calculated results of Coyle＆ Reese method and Kiousis&Elansary method.For the same thickness of soil layer,to increase the number of pile element or decrease the allowance of convergence will obtain more accurate results.Of Course,this will take more computer time in calculation.According to the method suggested by Kishida& Tsubakihara,the t∼z curve established by direct shear test and simple shear test is agree well with the test curve from model pile foe normal consolidation clay.However,there is difference for over consolidated clay.
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Yu-JungChang and 張玉蓉. "Analysis of Pile Foundation Using Theoretical and Empirical t-z Curve." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ja3b5f.

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KUAN-CHIEH and 廖冠傑. "The Application of t-z Curve Modified by z-factor to Pile Loading Test Analysis." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/aw6pw2.

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Shae-Jeng, Lee, and 李協政. "The Method of Acquiring t-z Curve from the Instrumentation Record of Pile Load Test." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22247166025932526509.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
86
The purpose of this thesis is to study how to acquire the t-z curve from the instrumentation record of in-situ pile load test of HSR ( High Speed Railway ). The performance and characteristics of the t-z curve and load-distribution curve was studied through the theory analysis. This research compared the pile load test curve from instrumentation record with the result which the t-z curve is simulated by the Richard model. It also compared with the outcome that the t-z curve is obtained from model pile tes From this research, it revealed that the modification rules of the step-load curve which is induced by theoretical analysis can revise the load-distribution curve well. And the t-z curve can be fitted quite well by Richard model. The result of the model pile test in clay of drained condition is closed to the pile load test curve. The phenomenon of the simple shear test is similar to the behavior between pile and soil. By the comparison of the results which is analyzed by theoretical t-z curve to the pile
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Tang, Chen Ham, and 陳漢堂. "The establishment and application of t-z curve of reverse circular pile in Taipei Basin." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66900435056534329945.

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Yue, Liu, and 劉岳. "A STUDY OF APPLYING THE THEORETICAL T-Z CURVE OF SINGLE PILE TO GROUP PILES." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01752757917280245871.

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碩士
國立海洋大學
河海工程學系
81
The main Purpose of this paper is to extend the linearly and nonlinearly theoretical T-Z curves of a single vertically loaded pile to the vertical deformation of group piles. 1.Linear analysis The method is based on the superposition of individual pile displacement fields , considering the average behaviour down the pile shafts separately from that beneath the level of the pile bases. The displacement fields are determined by means of a recently developed, approximate, closed form solution for the problem of a single vertically loaded pile. The ana- lysis may be applied to any general pile group, the only restriction being that all the piles must be embedded to the same depth. The soil is modelled as an elestic material cha- racterized by a shear modulus which is assumed to vary linea- rly with depth, and a Poisson's ratio, assumed constant. The paper outlines the analytical method and comparer calulated stiffness-slenderness ratio , interaction factor-slenderness ratio and interaction factor- pile number for groups of up to 36 pile. One field loading test on pile group is studied. The conclusions obtained from this study are as follows: (1) The pile stiffness is higher and is subjected to the lowest at the corner of the group pile, however, the stiffness is the same as the pile at the same locatiom. (2) The influence factor of pile-soil-pile interaction tends to a constant value when the slenderness ratio ( l/ro , l=pile length, ro= the radius of pile ) increases. (3) The influence factor of pile-soil-pile interaction changes a few under the Poisson's ratio of different soil. (4) The relationship of interaction factor- pile number is compare with both the Cylindrical Pier method and the Converse-Labarre method. The results obtained from the T-Z curve theory range between both methods but approach the former method.
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Pan, Cheng-Chan, and 潘成展. "A Study of the t-z and q-z Curves of Shaft Socketed in Soft Rock." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68691280664675960778.

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碩士
義守大學
土木與生態工程學系碩士班
95
The bearing capacity of pile socketed into soft rock was still not understood well nowadays. In this thesis, compression and tension pile loading tests of the instrumented bored piles were conducted at the soft rock formation site. The unconfined compression strength of soft rock range from 441 kPa to 1297 kPa, its average is about 903 kPa. The test site was located at Hsinchu County, Taiwan. The test data of those two load tests, tensile and compressive loading, were used to investigate the bearing capacity and mechanism of shaft socketed into soft rock. The compression and tension test piles dimension are 800 mm in diameter and 24 m in length. The results of those two pile tests show that the instrumented data of rebar stressmeter of pile sockted into soft rock were significant difference under tension and compression loading conditions. Beside, the elastic modulus of concrete Ec of pile were discussed in detail. Strain-dependent Ec were recommended to calculate the load transfer of pile. The unit skin friction is conducted based on the load distribution along the pile shaft. These curves are the so called t-z curves. The analysis results of the compression pile showed that the unit skin friction of the soft rock could be divided into three distinct phases: a linear phase, nonlinear phase (transition phase) and strain hardening phase. The maximum unit skin friction of this soft rock was about 16 t/m2. According to the q-z curve, a significant mobilization of the base resistance was observed in this test pile. A maximum end resistance of 749 t/m2 was observed under the maximum applied load of 1000 ton. The tension pile analysis results indicated that the t-z curves were with the similar trend. The maximum unit tension skin friction of this soft rock was about 17.4 t/m2.
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Book chapters on the topic "T-z curve"

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Jia, Junbo. "Axial Force–Displacement of Piles: t-z and Q-z Curve." In Soil Dynamics and Foundation Modeling, 521–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40358-8_17.

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"axillary, on 5-10 mm long stems. Sepals 5-7 mm long, elliptical, narrow-scarious along margin. Petals 7-10 mm long, oblong-obovate or oval, narrowing into long cuneate claw, orange-colored at base, white in upper portion. Capsules 16-24 mm long, 6-10 (12) mm broad, oblong-oval or oval, pentagonal; wings 2-3 mm broad. In solonchaks and solonetzic steppes, sometimes on rocky steppe slopes. West. Sib.: AL—Go (Chuya river valley: facing Chegan river estuary—class, hab. and others in Chuya steppe).— Mid. Asia, West. China, Mongolia. Map 21. 5. Z. pterocarpum subsp. tuvinicum Peschkova, subsp. nova. A subspecie typica foliis plerumque trijugis (rarius bijugis), foliolis oblongo-linearibus, petiolis apice processu aculeoli-formi molli subindistincto albido recto vel subincurvato distinguitur. Typus. Tuva, dist. Tes-Chemensis, declive australe jugi Tannu-Ola Orientalis, 1200 m.s.m., vallis FI. Irbitei, silva salicoso-populosa variiherbosa, 3 VIII 1972, V. Chanminczun, L. Kupalova, L. Eremenko (NS, isotypus LE). Unlike type subspecies, leaves usually with 3 (rarely 2) pairs of oblong-lanceolate leaflets. Leaf petioles with faint whitish, erect or slightly curved soft spiniform shoot at tip. In arid solonetzic meadows, river valleys, nannophyte solonchak semideserts. Cen. Sib.: TU (Irbitei river valley in Tes-Khemsk region—class, hab.—Ak-Chyra settlement, bank of Amdaigyn-Khol’ lake).—Endemic. 2. Tribulus L. 1. T. terrestris L. 1753, Sp. Pl.: 387. Annual with slender weak root and (3)10-60 cm tall stems diffuse along ground and branched right from base; together with leaf petioles and pedicels, covered with long distant and short semiappressed hairs bent at tip. Leaves (1) 2-6 cm long, (0.5) 1-3 cm broad, more often opposite, paripinnate, with small lanceolate-deltoid stipules; leaflets 4-7 pairs, 3-13 mm long, 34 1-5 mm broad, oblong or oblong-elliptical, asymmetric, obtuse, on very short petiolules, more or less compactly (specially young) covered beneath with long slender appressed hairs, glabrescent with age, subglabrous on upper surface. Flowers single, axillary, on short (4-10 mm) stems. Sepals 3-5 mm long, lanceolate, hairy outside. Petals narrow-obovate, about 10 mm long,." In Flora of Siberia, Vol. 10, 46–55. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294248-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "T-z curve"

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Hoang, Phuong H., and Douglas A. Scarth. "Z-Factor for Ferritic Pipe Axial Flaw Using J-T Analysis." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26366.

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Tabulation solution for ductile tearing failure of piping axial flaws was first implemented in the A90 Addendum to the 1989 Edition of the ASME B&PV, Section XI, Appendix H. The solution was based on J-Tearing analyses of pipe axial semi-elliptical part-through wall flaws in a generic ferritic material that has J1C &gt; = 600 in-lbs/in2. Analytical solution for pipe axial flaw has not been implemented in the Code. In this paper a general load multiflier Z-factor is developed for use in an analytical solution for pipe axial part-through wall flaw, which is compatible with the current Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM) tabular solution in the Section XI, Appendix C. The Z-curve is developed using the same J-Tearing analysis technique and the same generic material properties for ferritic materials that were used in the development of the Code tabulation solutions. The predicted failure stresses using the Z curve are fairly corelated and conservatively the actual failure stress in the available test specimens from the PIFRAC database.
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Li, Hui, Muk Chen Ong, Bernt J. Leira, and Dag Myrhaug. "Dynamic Analysis of Offshore Monopile Wind Turbine Including the Effect of Scour." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83721.

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An engineering approach to dynamic analysis of an offshore monopile wind turbine is presented in this paper. The interactions between the foundation and the soil are simulated by nonlinear springs, which stiffnesses are obtained from the axial load transfer (t-z) curve, the tip load-displacement (Q-z) curve and the lateral load-deflection (p-y) curve. Three types of soil conditions are considered in the simulations; 100% sand layer, 50% sand layer (top) and 50% clay layer (bottom), as well as 100% clay layer. Wind, wave and current loads on the wind turbine in operational conditions are taken into account. The variation of the dynamic responses of the wind turbine due to the effect of scour is investigated by comparing the results between the cases with and without scour.
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Zhao, Jie, Dong-ming Li, Yuan-yuan Fang, and Shi-jie Zhu. "A New Approach of Reliability Design for Creep Rupture Property." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77149.

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It has been noted that the use of safety coefficient can deal with uncertainties existed in practical structures, while reliability concept provides more precise results by considering the real distribution of creep rupture property. Generally, creep rupture data of a heat-resistant steel can be compressed into a narrow band by using a temperature-time parametric method such as Larson-Miller or Manson-Haferd method. In order to describe the scattering of the data, the current paper proposes a “Z parameter” method to represent the magnitude of the deviation of the rupture data to master curve. Statistical analysis shows that the scattering of Z parameter for several types of steels is supported by normal distribution. Using this method, it is possible to achieve unified analysis of the creep rupture data in various temperature and stress conditions. Stress-TTP-Reliability curves (σ-TTP-R curves), Stress-Rupture time-Reliability curves (σ-tr-R curves) and Allowable stress-Temperature-Reliability curves ([σ]-T-R curves) are proposed which could embrace reliability concept into creep rupture property design.
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Ong, Muk Chen, Hui Li, Bernt J. Leira, and Dag Myrhaug. "Dynamic Analysis of Offshore Monopile Wind Turbine Including the Effects of Wind-Wave Loading and Soil Properties." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10527.

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An engineering approach to dynamic analysis of an offshore monopile wind turbine is presented in this paper. The wind-wave coupling for shallow water conditions is considered. Different wind, wave and current loads on the wind turbine within the cut-in and cut-off conditions are taken into account. The hydrodynamic loading is computed based on the corresponding sea-states. The interaction between the foundation and the soil is simulated by nonlinear springs, which stiffness properties are obtained from the axial load transfer (t-z) curve, the tip load-displacement (Q-z) curve and the lateral load-deflection (p-y) curve. Three types of soil conditions are considered in the simulations, i.e., 100% sand layer, 50% sand layer (top) and 50% clay layer (bottom), as well as 100% clay layer. For a given current speed, the variations of the static and the dynamic responses of the wind turbine due to the effects of different wind-wave load combinations and soil conditions have been investigated and discussed.
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Kamaya, Masayuki, and Kiminobu Hojo. "Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Cast Stainless Steel Pipes (Comparison of Z-Factor, Two-Parameter and J-T Methods)." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78687.

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Since the ductility of cast austenitic stainless steel pipes decreases due to thermal aging embrittlement after long term operation, not only plastic collapse failure but also unstable ductile crack propagation (elastic-plastic failure) should be taken into account for the structural integrity assessment of a cracked pipe. There are mainly three procedures to obtain the elastic-plastic failure load; Z-factor, two-parameter and J-T methods. In this study, the difference in the failure load derived using these three methods was compared. The same material properties and J-integral solutions were used in order to investigate the influence of each analytical procedure. It was shown that failure loads obtained by the two-parameter method was more conservative than those obtained by the J-T method. An optimized failure assessment curve (FAC) was obtained for aged cast austenitic stainless steel. The reference stress method was also suitable for evaluating the FAC. It was concluded that the difference in the failure load obtained by the three methods was small enough from the viewpoit of engineering.
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Madadnia, Jafar. "Design of a Mobile Probe to Predict Convection Heat Transfer on Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) at University of Technology Sydney (UTS)." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49764.

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In the absence of a simple technique to predict convection heat transfer on building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) surfaces, a mobile probe with two thermocouples was designed. Thermal boundary layers on vertical flat surfaces of a photovoltaic (PV) and a metallic plate were traversed. The plate consisted of twelve heaters where heat flux and surface temperature were controlled and measured. Uniform heat flux condition was developed on the heaters to closely simulate non-uniform temperature distribution on vertical PV modules. The two thermocouples on the probe measured local air temperature and contact temperature with the wall surface. Experimental results were presented in the forms of local Nusselt numbers versus Rayleigh numbers “Nu=a * (Ra)b”, and surface temperature versus dimensionless height [Ts -T∞= c*(z/h)d]. The constant values for “a”, “b”, “c” and “d” were determined from the best curve-fitting to the power-law relation. The convection heat transfer predictions from the empirical correlations were found to be in consistent with those predictions made by a number of correlations published in the open literature. A simple technique is then proposed to employ two experimental data from the probe to refine empirical correlations as the operational conditions change. A flexible technique to update correlations is of prime significance requirement in thermal design and operation of BIPV modules. The work is in progress to further extend the correlation to predict the combined radiation and convection on inclined PVs and channels.
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7

Wemhoff, Aaron P., and Van P. Carey. "Surface Tension Prediction From Density Profile Information by Polyatomic Molecular Dynamics Simulations." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46090.

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Surface tension prediction of liquid-vapor interfaces of polyatomic fluids using traditional methods in molecular dynamics simulations has shown to be difficult due to the requirement of evaluating complex intermolecular potentials even though these methods provide accurate predictions. In addition, the traditional methods may only be performed during a simulation run. However, analytical techniques have recently been developed that determine surface tension by using the characteristics of the density profile of the interfacial region between the bulk liquid and vapor regions. Since these characteristics are a standard result of many liquid-vapor interfacial region simulations, these data may be used in a post-simulation analysis. One such method, excess free density integration (EFEDI), provides results from the post-simulation analysis, but the expansion from monatomic to polyatomic fluids is not straightforward [1]. A more general and powerful approach to surface tension involves the application of a Redlich-Kwong-based mean-field theory [2], which has resulted in a single equation linking the surface tension of a fluid, σlv, with the density gradient at the center of the interfacial region, σlv=0.1065(1−T/Tc)−0.34Li2dρ^dzz=0aR0NA2bRNAT1/2ln1+ρ^lbRNA1+ρ^vbRNA(1) where z is the position normal to the interfacial region and is zero at its center, ρ^l and ρ^v are the liquid and vapor molar densities, respectively, TC is the critical temperature, NA is Avogadro’s number, Li is a characteristic length given by Li=kBTCPC1/3(2) and aR0 and bR are the coefficients in the Redlich-Kwong equation of state, P=NkBTV−bRN−aR0N2T1/2V(V+bRN)(3) Furthermore, PC is the critical pressure for the fluid. Reference [2] shows that the relation provided by Equation 1 provides a approximate prediction of surface tension for argon fluid using data from molecular dynamics simulations. The derivation of Equation 1 is based on the assumption that the density profile in the interfacial region follows ρ^−ρ^vρ^l−ρ^v=1e4z/δzi+1(4) where δzi is the interfacial region thickness,. Note that Equation 4 is more commonly expressed in the equivalent form ρ^(z)=12(ρ^l+ρ^v)−12(ρ^l−ρ^v)tanh2zδzi(5) Wemhoff and Carey [1] have recommended the use the fit curve relation given by Equation 5 for the liquid-vapor interfacial region of a diatomic nitrogen system. Therefore, Equation 1 may be used to predict the surface tension for diatomic nitrogen at various temperatures.
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Mostafa, Yasser E., and M. Hesham El Naggar. "Effect of Dynamic Behaviour of Piles on Offshore Towers Response." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28582.

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Pile foundations supporting offshore platforms and marine structures are required to resist dynamic lateral loading due to wind and wave forces. The response of a jacket offshore tower is affected by the foundation flexibility and the nonlinear behaviour of the supporting piles. In the present study, the soil resistance to the pile movement is modeled using dynamic p-y curves and t-z curves to account for soil nonlinearity and energy dissipation through radiation damping. The model also allows separation at the pile soil interface. The wave forces on the tower members and the tower response are calculated in the time domain using a finite element package (ASAS). The tower response is calculated with emphasis placed on the effects of dynamic pile-soil interaction on the tower performance and the forces acting on the piles for a range of wave conditions.
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Xiao, Suguang, and Muhannad T. Suleiman. "Investigation of Thermo-Mechanical Load Transfer (t-z Curves) Behavior of Soil-Energy Pile Interface Using Modified Borehole Shear Tests." In IFCEE 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479087.150.

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10

Itatani, Masao, Yasushi Kanazawa, Norihiko Tanaka, Chikashi Shitara, and Yusuke Nakagawa. "Fracture Assessment for Weldment of Piping for BWR Reactor Internal With Circumferential Through Wall Crack." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61426.

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A fracture assessment method for piping of BWR reactor internals with a circumferential crack is described in the JSME Code, Rules on Fitness-for-Service for Nuclear Power Plants 2004 Edition. According to this code, limit load is calculated assuming a/t = 1 for through wall crack. It has been desired to demonstrate the adequacy of this equation experimentally. Furthermore, the crack path in weld HAZ between a header and a piping is not straight and has some curvature. It is important to assure the applicability of fracture assessment method to such a case. The fracture tests were conducted for pipes with a circumferential through wall crack between header and pipe to demonstrate the applicability of the current JSME method. Limit load analyses by FEM were also conducted. It was confirmed that the limit load equation in the current JSME Code is possible to apply to the pipe with a circumferential through wall crack even if the crack path was curved along the weld line between header and sparger pipe. In the JSME FFS Code, limit load analysis is required for piping of reactor internals. On the other hand, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics using Z-factor is required for class 1 piping. The present results show that it is enough to assume Z = 1 for the fracture assessment of weldment in austenitic steel piping with medium diameter.
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