Journal articles: 'T6 heat treatment'

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Özyürek, Dursun, Tansel Tunçay, and Hasan Kaya. "The Effects of T5 and T6 Heat Treatments on Wear Behaviour of AA6063 Alloy." High Temperature Materials and Processes 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2013-0060.

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AbstractIn this study, T5 heat treatment was applied to AA6063 alloy aged at 455 K for 2 hours after extrusion at 686 K. T6 heat treatment was also carried out by ageing at 455 K for 2 hours after solution heat treatment at 794 K for 1 hour. Heat treated T5 and T6 specimens were tested by pin-on-disc type wear equipment. Wear test was carried out by using 10, 20, 30 N loads and 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 m wear distance. T5 and T6 heat treated specimens were characterized with scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and hardness measurements. Worn surfaces of the specimens was also characterised with SEM. The results indicated that small and homogenously dispersed Mg2Si precipitates formed in AA6063 aluminium alloy with T6 heat treatment were compared to the T5 heat treatment. As a result of increment precipitate size, wear resistance decreased. T6 heat treated specimens showed higher hardness compared to the T5 heat treated specimens. In addition wear resistance and friction coefficient of both T5 and T6 heat treated specimens decreased with increasing applied load.

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Zhang, Z., B. L. Xiao, and Zong Yi Ma. "Influence of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir-Welded 2014Al-T6 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.299.

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5 mm thick 2014Al-T6 alloy plates were friction stir welded at the welding speeds of 100-400 mm/min and the rotation rates of 400-800 rpm. The influence of post weld artificial aging and T6 treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FSW 2014Al-T6 joints were investigated. It was found that artificial aging did not alter the grain structure but T6 heat treatment caused the abnormal grain growth at the nugget zone. The tensile strength of the joints could not be enhanced by the artificial aging treatment but were improved by the T6 treatment. The effectiveness of T6 treatment is related with the distribution of “S” line.

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Boonchouytan, Worapong, Thanate Ratanawilai, and Prapas Muangjunburee. "Effect of Pre/Post Heat Treatment on the Friction Stir Welded SSM 356 Aluminum Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.328.

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The butt joints of semi solid 356 were produced in as cast conditions by friction stir welding process (FSW). This experiment studied in pre/post heat treatment (T6) using the welding speed 160 mm / min with tilt angle tool at 3 degree and straight cylindrical tool pin. The factors of welding were rotating speed rates at 1320, 1750 rpm and heat treatment conditions. They were divided into (1) As welded (AW) joints, (2) T6 Weld (TW) joints, (3) Weld T6 (WT) joints, (4) T6 Weld T6 (TWT) joints, (5) Solution treated Weld Artificially aged (SWA) joints and (6) Weld Artificially aged (WA) joints. Rotating speed and heat treatment (T6) condition were an important factor to micro, macro structure of metal and mechanical properties of the weld. Increasing rotating speed and different heat treatment condition impacted onto tensile strength due to the defects on joints. Therefore the optimum welding parameter on joint was a rotating speed 1320 rpm, the welding speed 160 mm/min, heat treatment condition of Weld T6 (WT) which obtained the highest tensile strength 228.92 MPa, as well as, highest hardness of 98.1 HV

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Ertuğrul, Onur, Zafer Çağatay Öter, Mustafa Safa Yılmaz, Ezgi Şahin, Mert Coşkun, Gürkan Tarakçı, and Ebubekir Koç. "Effect of HIP process and subsequent heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of direct metal laser sintered AlSi10Mg alloy." Rapid Prototyping Journal 26, no. 8 (June 26, 2020): 1421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2019-0180.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of post process combinations, e.g. hot isostatic pressing (HIP) only, HIP + T6 heat treatments, and T6 only, with different aging time, on surface properties, microstructure and mechanical properties of stress-relieved AlSi10Mg parts produced by direct laser metal sintering. Design/methodology/approach HIP process and HIP + T6 heat treatments were applied to as stress-relieved direct laser metal sintered (DMLS) AlSi10Mg parts. Aging times of 4 and 12 h are selected to examine the optimum duration. To analyze the advantages of HIP process, a T6 heat treatment with 4 h of aging was also applied. Densities, open porosities and roughness values of as stress-relieved, HIPed, HIP + T6, and T6-only samples were measured. The samples were characterized by OM and SEM together with EDX analysis. An image analysis study was made to evaluate the inner pore structure, thereby to understand the mechanical behavior. Findings HIP process does not cause a significant change in surface porosity; yet it has a positive influence on inner porosity. HIP process results in a microstructure of the aluminum matrix surrounded by a network of micron and nano size Si particles. Additional heat treatment results in larger particles and precipitation. After HIPing, ductility increases but strength decreases. Samples aged 4 h present improved yield and tensile strength but decreased elongation, yet samples aged for 12 h reach a combination of optimum strength and ductility. The lower level of tensile strength and ductility in T6-only condition indicates that HIP process plays a crucial role in elimination of the porosity thus improves the effectiveness of subsequent heat treatment. Originality/value The study investigates the effect of post-process conditions and optimizes the aging time of the T6 heat treatment after HIP process in order to obtain improved mechanical properties. The stress-relieved state was chosen as the reference to prevent distortion during HIPing or heat treatment.

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Kliemt, Christian, Franz Wilhelm, and Joachim Hammer. "Lifetime Improvement of AlSi6Cu4 Cylinder Head Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 1627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.1627.

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Efficiency increase of combustion engines in automotive development is directly related to improved material performance at high temperatures. In particular, the interaction of complex thermal and mechanical forces under service loading is one of the major factors affecting the lifetime. In this paper the aluminium cylinder head alloy AlSi6Cu4 is characterized concerning the high temperature low cycle fatigue (LCF) and thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) behaviour. Experiments were performed in air at temperatures between 200 and 400°C. The influence of the initial heat treatment and microstructure, testing temperatures, strain amplitudes and strain rates is reported. Two heat treatment modifications (i.e. overaged condition, T7, and a modified combined heat treatment, hot iso-static pressing (HIP), prior to peak hardening according to T6) are compared to the T6 standard used in service. The strain amplitudes ranged between 0.2 to 0.7%. For the standard T6 heat treatment LCF results at 400°C indicate increased ductility and longer lifetimes compared to 200°C. For the overaged microstructure and the modified treatment HIP + T6 under TMF exposure clear lifetime enhancements are observed which are significantly highest for the HIP + T6 version. Thus, the elimination of almost any microporosity reduces local stress concentrations and early crack initiation promoting failure. Special attention is focussed on microstructural changes during high temperature exposure.

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Zhou, Jia, Guang Yao Wang, Yang Li, and Xin Ming Wan. "Influence of Heat Treatment Parameters on Mechanical Properties and Crashworthiness of Aluminum Crash Box." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.194.

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The influence of heat treatment parameters, i.e. solution temperature, solution time, aging temperature and aging treatment on the mechanical properties and crashworthiness of crash boxes produced with 6101 aluminum alloy were studied. The optimal heat treatment processing was obtained as follows: 510°C×45min+175°C×7h. The crash boxes were treated under different heat treatments, i.e. T1 temper,T4 temper and T6 temper and then compressed under static pressure. The results indicate that the energy absorption of crash box can after T6 treatment is significantly higher than the samples under T1temper and T4 temper, which have similar energy absorption. The peak force of static pressure crash boxes treated under T6 temper is obviously higher than the other two tempers.

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Mahathaninwong, N., T. Plookphol, J. Wannasin, and S. Wisutmethangoon. "T6 heat treatment of rheocasting 7075 Al alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 532 (January 2012): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.068.

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Tonelli, Lavinia, Erica Liverani, Alessandro Morri, and Lorella Ceschini. "Role of Direct Aging and Solution Treatment on Hardness, Microstructure and Residual Stress of the A357 (AlSi7Mg0.6) Alloy Produced by Powder Bed Fusion." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 52, no. 4 (May 19, 2021): 2484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02179-6.

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AbstractApplying additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to the fabrication of aluminum automotive components, with an optimized design, may result in improved vehicle light weighting. However, the post-process heat treatment of such alloys has to be customized for the particular AM microstructure. The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of different heat treatments on the microstructure, hardness and residual stress of the A357 (AlSi7Mg0.6) heat-treatable alloy produced by laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF, also known as selective laser melting). There are two major issues to be addressed: (1) relieving the internal residual stress resulting from the process and (2) strengthening the alloy with a customized heat treatment. Therefore, stress-relief annealing treatment, direct aging of the as-built alloy and a redesigned T6 treatment (consisting of a shortened high-temperature solution treatment followed by artificial aging) were examined. Comparable hardness values were reached in the LPBF alloy with optimized direct aging and T6 treatments, but complete relief of the residual stress was obtained only with T6. Microstructural analyses also suggested that, because of the supersaturated solid solution, different phenomena were involved in direct aging and T6 treatment.

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Zhang, Xiu Zhi, Ying Jie Li, Xing Wang Duan, Ya Wei Shao, Jun Bo Xiong, and Jian Sheng Liu. "The Influences of Anticipated Heat Treatment on the Electroless Nickel Plating on Magnesium Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.452.

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In this paper, effects of anticipated heat treatment on the electroless nickel plating coated on magnesium alloys AZ91D were investigated by using heat treatments of solution (T4) and solution + aging (T6) before electroless nickel plating. The influence of anticipated heat treatment on the structure, composition and anti-corrosion property of electroless coating were studied by using Scanning Electrical Microscope (SEM), EDS and Corrodkote corrosion test. It is shown that compared with the as-casted magnesium alloys and samples treated with T4, the deposition rate of Ni, the P contained in the coating and the anti-corrosion property of samples treated with T6 are the highest for the given system studied, and T6 treatment can promote the anti-corrosion property of the coating effectively.

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Jin, Yun Xue, Qiang Qiang Tong, Xiao Ya Wang, and Hong Mei Chen. "Effect of T6 Heat Treatment on Dry Sliding Frictional Wear Characteristics of Al-20Si-5Cu Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.591.

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The effect of T6 heat treatment on dry sliding friction and wear characteristics of Al-20Si-5Cu under a fixed sliding speed of 200r/min and sliding time of 30mins was illustrated in this paper. The result reveals that T6 heat treatment can improve morphology of primary Si and Al2Cu particles, enhance the hardness of the matrix. Wear rate increased with increasing of applied load. T6 heat treated samples have high wear resistance which is related to the improvement of microstructure, particularly with their increased hardness of matrix. But friction coefficient varies with heat treatment processes and has no sensitivity to applied loads, which fluctuates in a small range, so the friction coefficient can be considered to be stable. The wear mechanisms of T6 heat treated samples are also changed with increasing of applied load, from oxidative wear to fatigue wear.

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Zhang, Fubao, Jiaqiao Zhang, Hongjun Ni, Yu Zhu, Xingxing Wang, Xiaofeng Wan, and Ke Chen. "Optimization of AlSi10MgMn Alloy Heat Treatment Process Based on Orthogonal Test and Grey Relational Analysis." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040385.

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By applying the orthogonal test, the T6 heat treatment test of the casting AlSi10MgMn alloy was carried out. Hardness, tensile strength, and elongation were selected as indicators for evaluating the toughness of alloy. Grey relational analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the toughness of the alloy. Based on multiple linear regression, prediction models of hardness, tensile strength, elongation, and grey correlation were established. Through planning and solving, the optimal T6 heat treatment process parameters were obtained. According to the results of the metallographic structure analysis and the fracture SEM on the alloy after the T6 heat treatment, aging time, solution time, and solution temperature were identified as the most important factors affecting alloy hardness, tensile strength, and elongation, respectively. Through the application of grey relational analysis, the optimal T6 heat treatment process of an AlSi10MgMn alloy was obtained, namely 530 °C/1 h + 190 °C/6 h. Based on the solving of the prediction models, the optimal T6 heat treatment process and solution temperature of AlSi10MgMn alloy were obtained, namely 530 °C/3 h + 190 °C/8 h. Under these conditions, the hardness of the alloy was 96.9 HV, the tensile strength was 344.6 MPa, and the elongation was 6.1%. In contrast, the toughness of the alloy was better than that obtained by grey relational analysis. The T6 heat treatment refined the microstructure of the alloy, which resulted in a significant increase in fracture dimples.

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Liu, Wen Cai, Liang Cao, Song Zhang, H. R. Jafari Nodooshan, Guo Hua Wu, and Wen Jiang Ding. "High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Sand-Cast Mg-Gd-Y Magnesium Alloy." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.543.

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Abstract. In the present work, T6 heat treatment (solution treatment and subsequent aging) of the sand-cast Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy was optimized by measuring both hardness vs aging time process curves and tensile properties of the differently T6 treated alloys at room temperature. Then the high temperature tensile properties of the studied alloys at the optimum T6 heat treatment were investigated systematically. The temperature range of the tensile tests was 25 °C to 300 °C. The results show that the optimum T6 heat treatment for sand-cast Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr alloy is 525°C×12h+250°C×10h. The T6 treated alloy exhibits significant anomalous strength behaviour from 25 °C to 300 °C, i.e., both tensile yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the studied alloy first increased with increasing of temperature, and then decreased as the temperature increased further. Comparatively, elongation increased continuously with increasing temperature.

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Liu, Fei, Haidong Zhao, Runsheng Yang, and Fengzhen Sun. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Vacuum Die-Cast AlSiMgMn Alloys at as-Cast and T6-Treated Conditions." Materials 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2019): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132065.

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Al–Si–Mg based alloys can provide high strength and ductility to satisfy the increasing demands of thin wall castings for automotive applications. This study has investigated the effects of T6 heat-treatment on the microstructures, the local mechanical properties of alloy phases and the fracture behavior of high vacuum die-cast AlSiMgMn alloys using in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with nano-indentation testing. The microstructures of the alloys at as-cast and T6 treated conditions were compared and analyzed. It is found that the T6 heat treatment plays different roles in affecting the hardness and the Young’s modulus of alloy phases. This study also found that the T6 heat treatment would influence the failure modes of the alloys. The mechanisms of crack propagation in the as-cast and T6 treated alloys were also analyzed and discussed.

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Li, Chen, Zhi Hua Wang, Hong Wei Ma, Long Mao Zhao, and Gui Tong Yang. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Compressive Properties of Open Cell Aluminum Foams." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1417.

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This paper presents a study of heat treatment on the quasi-static and dynamic compressive properties of the open cell aluminum alloy foams in as-fabricated (F), age-hardened (A) and T6-strengthened (T6) conditions. Although the strain rate and heat treatment of foams are different, all exhibit similar deformation behavior in the subsequent deformation. The yield stress of foams at different strain rates are improved by heat treatment, all exhibit some strain rate sensitivity. However, the densification strain of foams is not sensitive to heat treatment.

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Fakioglu, Avni, Dursun Özyürek, and Ramazan Yilmaz. "Effects of Different Heat Treatment Conditions on Fatigue Behavior of AA7075 Alloy." High Temperature Materials and Processes 32, no. 4 (August 16, 2013): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2012-0146.

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AbstractIn this study, the effect of different heat treatment processes applied to AA7075 alloys on the fatigue behavior was examined. The processes applied to AA7075 aluminum included annealing (O), high temperature pre-precipitating (HTPP), artificial aging (T6), retrogression and re-aging (RRA). The annealing heat treatment was performed for 2 hours at 500°C and samples were cooled in the furnace. In the artificial aging (T6) process, after the samples were solution treated for 2 hours at 500°C, they were quenched at room temperature and aged for 24 hours at 120°C. In the retrogression and re-aging process, samples were solution treated for 1 hour at 220°C after the T6 process and then re-aged for 24 hours at 120°C. In the high temperature pre-precipitating, pre-precipitates were formed for 30 minutes at 450°C and then, it was aged for 24 hours at 120°C. All samples were characterized through the scanning electron microscope (SEM + EDS), hardness measurements and X-ray difraction (XRD) techniques. At the end of experimental studies, SEM and EDS examinations XRD results revealed that η (MgZn2) phase formed in the microstructure following the HTTP, RRA and T6 heat treatment processes. As a result of the fatigue tests, the highest fatigue strength was measured in samples treated with artificial aging (T6), the lowest fatigue strength was measured in the annealed (O) samples.

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Du, Kang, Xiao Kang Liang, Da Quan Li, and Qiang Zhu. "Research on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evolution of Rheocast and Thixocast 319s Aluminum Alloy." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.802.

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In semi-solid rheocast and thixocast industry, T6 heat treatment was one key factor to improve the mechanical properties of the castings. The microstructure evolution was closely influenced by heat treatment temperature and time. In this paper, the morphology change of eutectic silicon in semi-solid alloy during different heat treatment time was firstly observed. The changes of both roundness and aspect show that the silicon particles underwent fragmentation, coarsening and growing up processes during solution treatment. Then, the mechanical properties after stand T6 and T6 with higher temperature were compared. It may be concluded that the higher temperature doesn’t have obvious effect to increase the mechanical strength, but severe negative effect on the elongation. Finally, the incipient melting defect appeared in higher temperature T6 was proved and its relationship with elongation was analysed.

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Meng, Mu, Zhi Min Zhang, Jian Min Yu, and Xin Kai Li. "Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Properties of Hot Compression Aluminum Alloy 7A04." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.433.

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Aluminum alloy 7A04 compressed at high deformation temperature and large deformation is applied in two different heat treatment (T5 and T6), then microstructure and properties of the alloy after heat treatment are investigated. The mechanical properties are studied by means of the tensile testing and the hardness testing. The microstructure characteristics and the fractorgraphy analysis are respectively investigated with optical microscopy and SEM. The experimental results indicate that after T6 heat treatment, the second-phase particles dispersed in the matrix, which can efficiently improving the strength of the alloy, but reduced the toughness. After T5 heat treatment, the coarse and discontinuous second-phase is distributed along the grain boundary, which can lead to the low strength and high toughness because of the lack of the strengthening phase in the grains. The fracture appearance is intercrystalline fracture after T6 heat treatment, and dimple transgranular fracture after T5 heat treatment.

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Qu, Juan, Kui Zhang, Ming Long Ma, Yong Jun Li, and Xing Gang Li. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of EW75 Magnesium Alloy Plate." Materials Science Forum 747-748 (February 2013): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.747-748.158.

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In this study, Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy (EW75) was produced by melting method and then press-forged into large size plate. The properties of the Mg-7Gd-5Y-1.2Nd-0.5Zr alloy were optimized through T6 heat treatment. The microstructures of alloy were observed by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its mechanical properties under different heat treatment conditions were determined by tensile tests. The results indicated that increasing the solid solution temperature and prolonging the solid solution time can both lead to the dissolution of second phase in the alloy back into the matrix. The solid solution temperature affects the dissolution process more than the solid solution time. Grain growth occurred during the solid solution process. The grain size of the matrix enlarges with the increase of solid solution temperature. The tensile test result showed that the tensile strength of the alloy was significantly improved after T6 heat treatment. Its tensile strength in the same direction was nearly 40% up after T6 heat treatment. The analysis shows that T6 heat treatment can effectively eliminate the larger deformed precipitates and beneficial to the formation of hard precipitates, which leads to an improvement in the alloys tensile strength.

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Li, Da Quan, Xiao Kang Liang, Fu Bao Yang, You Feng He, Fan Zhang, Qiang Zhu, and Shao Ming Zhang. "Evolution of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Thixo-Diecast 319s Alloy during Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.511.

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The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during solution and ageing heat treatment process was studied in terms of a thixo-diecast impeller of 319s aluminium alloy. The cast alloy exhibited a microstructure consisting of primary uniformly distributed in α-Al globules and the eutectics. A series of heat treatment studies were performed to determine optimum heat treatment parameters, in order to achieve fine grain structure, fine silicon particles and optimal precipitate size and distribution. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to study the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that, the full T6 heat treatments are successfully applied to thixo-diecast 319s impellers. A two-step solution heat treatment is employed to prevent porosity due to overheating. The tensile properties of thixo-diecast 319s impellers were substantially enhanced after T6 heat treatment. The plate-shaped θ′ precipitates and lath-shaped Q′ precipitates are the most effective for precipitation strengthening.

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Wiengmoon, A., P. Sukchot, N. Tareelap, J. T. H. Pearce, and T. Chairuangsri. "Effects Of T6 Heat Treatment With Double Solution Treatment On Microstructure, Hardness And Corrosion Resistance Of Cast Al-Si-Cu Alloy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0223.

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Abstract Effects of T6 heat treatment with double solution treatment on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of a cast A319 (Al-4.93wt%Si-3.47wt%Cu) alloy were investigated. The T6 heat treatment comprised of the first solution treatment at 500±5°C for 8 h, the second solution treatment in the temperature range of 510 to 530±5°C for 2 h followed by water quenching (80°C), and artificial aging at 170°C for 24 h followed by water quenching (80°C). Microstructure of the alloy was studied by optical microscopy and electron microscopy, Rockwell hardness was measured, and corrosion resistance in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution was determined by a potentiodynamic technique. The results revealed that the T6 heat treatment with double solution treatment led to an improvement in corrosion resistance and comparable macrohardness as compared to those obtained from the case of single solution treatment. The second solution treatment at 520°C is the optimum leading to relatively low corrosion current density without substantial drawbacks on breakdown potential or the width of passive range.

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Shabestari, S. G., N. Wanderka, W. Seeliger, and John Banhart. "Optimisation of the Strength of Aluminium Foam Sandwich (AFS) Panels by Different Heat Treatments." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1221.

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Aluminium foam sandwich panels (AFS) made of a low-density aluminium alloy AlSi6Cu6 foam core and two dense 6082 alloy face sheets were fabricated, after which the panels were subjected to two different heat treatments. First, the AFS panels were aged to increase their strength without further solution heat treatment and fast quenching, a process which resembles a T5 treatment. Second, to define a reference point the face sheets of AFS samples were cut off the foam and subjected to a full T6 treatment. Hardness profiles were measured across the thickness of the face sheets after the two different treatments and the microstructure was investigated. The main conclusion is that mechanical performance of AFS panels can be considerably increased by heat treatment without full solution heat treatment (T5), but without reaching the level of a full T6 treatment. The potential use of an easy to apply T5 treatment is an important cost reducing factor.

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Ma, Xiumin, Quantong Jiang, Yantao Li, and BaoRong Hou. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Corrosion Behaviors of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd Alloys." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7097589.

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Corrosion behavior of Mg-5Y-1.5Nd alloy was investigated after heat treatment. The microstructure and precipitation were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The weight loss rates of different samples were arranged as T6-24 h>T6-6 h>T6-14 h>as-cast>T4. The open circuit potential (OCP) showed that T4 sample had a more positive potential than that of other samples. The potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the T6-24 h sample had the highest corrosion current density of 245.362 μA·cm−2, whereas the T4 sample had the lowest at 52.164 μA·cm−2. The EIS results confirmed that the heat treatment reduced the corrosion resistance for Mg-5Y-1.5Nd alloy, because the precipitations acted as the cathode of electrochemical reactions to accelerate the corrosion process. The corrosion rates of different samples were mainly determined by the amount and distribution of the precipitations. The precipitations played dual roles that depended on the amount and distribution. The presence of the phase in the alloys could deteriorate the corrosion performance as it could act as an effective galvanic cathode. Otherwise, a fine and homogeneous phase appeared to be a better anticorrosion barrier.

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Nur Ismarrubie, Zahari, K. W. Loh, and Hanafiah Yussof. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking of Aluminium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.178.

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The effect of the retrogression and reaging (RRA) heat treatment on the correlation between microstructure, mechanical properties and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the 6061-T6 aluminium alloy in dry air and sprayed in 3.5% NaCl solution has been studied. The as-received T6 alloy was subjected to retrogression at temperature 200°C for 10 minutes, quenching for 30 seconds and reaging at temperature 180°C for 24 h. In this study, the effect of RRA on mechanical properties of the as-received 6061-T6 alloy was investigated by tensile test in air and sprayed in 3.5% NaCl solution. Alternate immersion preparation was conducted to expose the as-received 6061-T6 alloys and RRA heat treated alloys into the corrosive environment, 3.5% NaCl solution for 20 days. The susceptibility to SCC was investigated by direct tension stress-corrosion (DTSC) tests sprayed in a 3.5% NaCl solution at crosshead speed of 0.2 mm/min; the loss of elongation (ELloss) was taken into account for the susceptibility to SCC. Generally, the RRA heat treatment improves the mechanical properties including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and ductility. On the other hand, the RRA heat treatment decreases the susceptibility to SCC.

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Haryadi, Gunawan Dwi, Rando Tungga Dewa, I. M. W. Ekaputra, and Agus Suprihanto. "Investigation of post-weld heat treatment (T6) and welding orientation on the strength of TIG-welded AL6061." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0084.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of T6 post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), and welding orientation on the strength and microstructure of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded AL6061 aluminum alloy. The TIG process was used to weld the AL6061 at the transversal and longitudinal orientations with reference to the rolling direction. The T6-PWHT is a two-phase heat treatment process, and was applied to AL6061 in order to increase its strength. This T6 was carried out under three different artificial aging; 8, 18, and 24 hours. The influence of PWHT and welding orientation on the strength of AL6061-T6 were investigated through a series of tensile and microhardness tests. In addition, the microstructure observations were performed using the optical and scanning electron microscopes. It was established that the strength and microstructural characteristics of AL6061 are significantly dependent on the T6 artificial aging. Accordingly, the improvements in the strength and ductility were mainly contributed by the grain growth and subsequent precipitate strengthening. Moreover, the welding orientation only affects their fracture surfaces and locations after tensile testing.

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Chiu, Yang-Chun, Tse-An Pan, Mien-Chung Chen, Jun-Wei Zhang, Hui-Yun Bor, and Sheng-Long Lee. "The Effects of Multi-Stage Homogenizations on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Zr–Sc Alloys." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020470.

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This study is aimed at exploring the effects of multi-stage homogenization and trace amounts of Zr and Sc on the microstructures, mechanical properties, and recrystallization of Al–4.5Zn–1.5Mg alloys. The mechanical properties of the AA7005 aluminum alloys after the T6 heat treatment were evaluated through a hardness test and tensile test. The microstructures were analyzed by an optical microscope (OM), a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the grain refinement effect of the as-cast, homogenized, and recrystallized Al–4.5Zn–1.5Mg alloy containing 0.05Sc (wt%) after the T6 heat treatment was more significant than that of the alloy containing 0.1Zr (wt%). In addition, compared with the aforementioned one-stage homogenization heat treatment, the two-stage homogenization made the dispersed grain phase (Al3Zr/Al3Sc) smaller. As a result, the T6 mechanical strength of the alloy after the two-stage homogenization heat treatment was better than that of the contrastive alloy after the one-stage homogenization heat treatment. However, the two different homogenization heat treatments caused a greater divergence between the sizes of the dispersed grain phases of the Al–4.5Zn–1.5Mg alloys containing Zr than between the sizes of the dispersed grain phases of the alloys containing Sc. Therefore, after the two-stage homogenization heat treatment, the alloy with 0.1Zr (wt%) promoted the mechanical properties better than the alloy with 0.05Sc (wt%).

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Li, Dong Nan, Wen Zhe Chen, and Jun Tian. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Semi-Solid Formed Magnesium Alloy AZ91D." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.346.

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The semi-solid slurry of AZ91D magnesium alloy was prepared by twin-screw stirring mixer, the microstructure and mechanical properties of semi-solid formed magnesium alloy AZ91D produced by rheo-diecasting and conventional liquid die casting were investigated, respectively. The strengthen mechanism of the semi-solid formed magnesium alloy after heat treatment was analysed by EDS. The results show that the mechanical properties of semi-solid formed magnesium alloy can be enhanced markedly by T4 and T6 heat treatment, owing to decrease of the porosity and less segregation in casting, brittle eutectic compounds dissolves gradually into α-Mg matrix, and the primary phase α-Mg decomposes in the course of heat treatment. In as-cast state, the tensile strength, elongation and hardness of semi-solid formed magnesium alloy AZ91D are 222MPa, 2.3% and 74 HBS, respectively. In T4 heat treatment state, the tensile strength and elongation are increased by 13% and 210%, and in T6 heat treatment state, the tensile strength and hardness are increased by 11% and 16%. The mechanical properties of castings formed by conventional liquid die casting are deteriorated distinctly after T6 heat treatment due to its porosity and crack defects.

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Lin, Ji Xing, Jun Ping Zhang, Li Yuan Niu, Da Ren Sun, Zi Mu Shi, Yong Li, and Guang Yu Li. "Effect of Strontium and T6 Heat Treatment on Structure and Performance of Al-11.6Si-0.5Mg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 749 (March 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.749.1.

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In this study, Strontium (Sr) was added as modifier during the casting of Al-11.6Si-0.5Mg alloy, and the effect of T6 heat treatment on microstructure and performance of alloy was also investigated. The results showed that the 0.3% Al-8%Sr master alloy can refine effectively the α-Al dendrite and eutectic structure; the best economic process of T6 heat treatment is solution at 535°C for 6 hrs., and water cooling at 50~60°C,aging at 160°C for 6 hrs , then air cooling. After Sr modification and T6 heat treatment, the mechanical properties of alloy are improved remarkably, i.e., the tensile strength increased to 348MPa from 183MPa before modification and the elongation raises from 3.0% to 6.5%. So this alloy is applied to the strain clamp products in electric power fitting industry.

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KUMAR, M. "AW-7075-T6 sheet for shock heat treatment forming process." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 27, no. 10 (October 2017): 2156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(17)60241-3.

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Du, Kang, Qiang Zhu, and Da Quan Li. "Effects of Natural Ageing on T6 Heat Treated Rheocasts of 319S Aluminum Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 256 (September 2016): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.256.58.

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T6 heat treatment is an effective method to improve the comprehensive properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg series aluminium alloys. Solution treatment temperature and time, quench process and media, as well as artificial ageing temperature and time are the key factors to determine mechanical properties. Besides these factors, natural ageing, i.e. the holding time between quenching and the starting of artificial treatment at ambient temperature was observed to be significant affect mechanical properties of the aluminium alloys. This effect on semi solid processed aluminium alloys was lack of investigations as the semi solid process produces T6 treatable and weldable components. The present paper focuses on the change regularity of hardness and precipitate behaviour of semi-solid 319S aluminium alloy under different natural ageing (NA) treatment additional to standard T6. Density and morphology of hardening precipitates are analysed using TEM, and the influence mechanism of NA during T6 heat treatment will be discussed. The results show that NA has a positive influence on mechanical properties of the rheo-cast 319S alloy.

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30

Wang, Meng, Yan Da Zou, Henry Hu, Gary Meng, Patrick Cheng, and Yeou Li Chu. "Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Joined Vacuum Die Cast Aluminum Alloy A356 (T6) and Wrought Alloy 6061." Advanced Materials Research 939 (May 2014): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.939.90.

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In the present work, fusion-joining of vacuum high pressure die cast (HPDC) aluminum alloy A356 and wrought alloy 6061 by applying Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW-MIG) process was investigated to understand the effect of the MIG process on the microstructure and tensile behaviors of the base joined alloys (T6 Heat treatment A356 and 6061). The microstructures of the base metal (T6 heat treatment A356 and 6061), Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and Fusion Zone (filler metal ER4043) were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The results of tensile testing indicated that, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) of V-HPDC alluminium A356 subjected to T6 thermal treatment were relatively low, compared to both wrought alloy 6061 and the filler metal (ER 4043). The microstructure analysis showed that the low strengths of T6 A356 alloy should be at least attributed to the absence of the magnesium-based intermetallic phase, coarse grain structure and the presence of porosity, which resulted from the HPDC process, MIG welding and thermal treatment.

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Miyashita, Yukio, Hugo Inzunza, Adrian Elizondo, Yoshiyuki Murayama, Yuichi Otsuka, and Shigeharu Kamado. "Fatigue Behavior of Extruded Mg-Al-Ca-Mn Alloy with T6 Treatment at Elevated Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.417.

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Fatigue behavior of Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloy with T6 treatment was studied at room temperature and 150°C by conduction rotating bending fatigue test. Fatigue strength at high temperature was lower than that at room temperature in the alloys with and without heat treatment. However, degradation of fatigue strength at high temperature in the T6 treated alloy was not significant compared to the as-extruded alloy. Fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior was observed with replication technique by conducting interrupted fatigue test at room temperature and 150°C. Multiple cracking was significantly observed at 150°C in both as-received and T6 treated alloys. Change in grain size and randomization of crystal orientation due to the heat treatment could affect the fatigue property.

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32

Yi, Hyae Kyung, Jung Hwan Lee, Young Seon Lee, and Young Hoon Moon. "Warm Hydroformability and Mechanical Properties of Pre- and Post- Heat Treated Al6061 Tubes." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.87.

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Warm hydroformability and mechanical properties of pre- and post- heat treated Al6061 tubes were investigated in this study. For the investigation, as-extruded, fully annealed and T6- treated Al 6061 seamless tubes were prepared. To evaluate the hydroformability, uni-axial tensile test and free bulge test were performed at room temperature and 200ÓC. Also mechanical properties of hydroformed part at various pre- and post-heat treatments were evaluated by tensile test. The tensile test specimens were obtained from hexagonal shaped tube hydroformed at 200ÓC forming temperature. As a result, hydroformability of fully annealed tube is 25% higher than that of extruded tube. The tensile strength and elongation were more than 330MPa and 12%, respectively, when hydroformed part was T6 treated after warm hydroforming. However, hydroformed part using T6 pre treated tube represents low elongation, 8%. Therefore, the T6 treatment after hydroforming for as-extruded tube is proved to be the most cost-effective among various processing conditions.

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Nandana, M. S., K. Udaya Bhat, and C. M. Manjunatha. "Effect of retrogression and re-ageing heat treatment on microstructure and microhardness of aluminium 7010 alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402003.

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Aluminium alloy 7010 is subjected to retrogression and re-ageing (RRA) heat treatment to study the influence of microstructural changes on hardness. Retrogression is performed at 190 °C for different time intervals ranging from 10 to 60 minutes. Optimum time for retrogression treatment is estimated based on the retrogression time that result with equivalent mechanical properties as that of peak aged (T6) condition. Retrogression performed for 30 minutes resulted with micro hardness of 203 HV, which is equivalent to that obtained by following T6 treatment. Microstructural characterization done with the help of transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicates RRA treatment results with the coarsened and discontinuous precipitates along the grain boundary which is similar to over aged (T7) condition, where as fine and densely populated precipitates in the matrix similar to T6 condition. Coarse and discontinuous grain boundary precipitates (GBP’s) improves resistance to stress corrosion cracking. Fine and dense precipitates in the matrix ensures hardness equivalent to that of T6.

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34

Li, Lei, Rui He, Guo Jie Huang, and Shui Sheng Xie. "Effect of Heat Treatments on the Bio-Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloy Mg-8.0Al-1.0Zn-xGd." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.497.

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In order to improve the bio-corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy Mg-8.0Al-1.0Zn-xGd in the simulated human fluid, different heat treatment procedures were studied. Results showed that annealing treatment lowered the alloy’s corrosion resistance and hardness, while T6 treatment (solid solution+ aging) improved the alloy’s corrosion resistance and hardness. Microstructure analysis showed that the β phase dissolved into α phase after the annealing treatment. Hence, annealing treatment decreased the alloy’s corrosion resistance. However, lots of β-phases were precipitated in the T6 heat treatment, and they impeded the corrosion extending.

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35

Zhao, Zhong, Qiang Luo, and Zi Tian Fan. "Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg9AlZnGdY Magnesium Alloy after T6 in Lost Foam Casting." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.565.

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The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg9AlZnGdY alloy after T6 heat treatment in lost foam casting (LFC) are compared with that of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The results show that the microstructures of Mg9AlZnGdY alloy after T6 heat treatment consist of the α-Mg solid solution, β-Mg17Al12 precipitation phase, a small amount of rod Al2Y and block Al2Gd phases, which are distributed over grain boundaries of the α-Mg phase. The thermal stability of Al2Y and Al2Gd phases offers the pinning effect on the grain boundary under high temperature, and therefore, the grain boundary sliding is eliminated and the high-temperature strength is increased. After the T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength of Mg9AlZnGdY alloy was 235MPa at room temperature, and 156MPa at 200°C. Compared with that of AZ91D alloy, the tensile strength was increased by 19.3% and 38.1% respectively.

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36

Sekar, K., Allesu Kanjirathikal, and M. A. Joseph. "Comparison Study of As-Cast and T6 Condition of Microstructure, Bending Strength and Double Shear Strength of A356 Alloy by Gravity, Vacuum and Squeeze Casting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.102.

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The hardness, bending strength, and double shear strength of A356 aluminium alloy was studied under as cast and T6 heat treatment conditions obtained with gravity casting, vacuum casting and squeeze casting methods. The results of these three casting methods have been compared. The hardness, bending strength of A356 alloy after T6 obviously increased; the hardness value of both vacuum casting and squeeze casting has been found to be 62 HRB which is relatively high compared to gravity casting. The bending strength of gravity casting is 299 MPa (22% increase) compared to vacuum casting. However, after T6 heat treatment, the double shear strength values of all these three castings decreases.

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Wu, Yu Cai, Rui He, and Lei Li. "Study on the Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloy AZ81 with Rare Earth." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.332.

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The influences of the different content of Rare earth La on the corrosion resistance of AZ81 in the simulated human fluid were studied. In order to further improve the corrosion resistance, different heat treatment procedures were studied. Results showed that with the increase of content of rare earth La, the grain size was refined and the corrosion resistance increased. The corrosion resistance was improved after T6 heat treatment (solid solution+ aging). Microstructure analysis showed that β-phases were precipitated in the T6 heat treatment process. Those fine β phases acted as corrosion barrier and impeded the corrosion extending.

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Al nefawy, Mohamad Yehea, Fouad El dahiye, and Mahmoud Al Assaad. "The Effect of Heat Treatments and Nickel Additive on The Microstructure and Tensile Properties of 7075 Aluminum Alloy." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.014.

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The aluminum alloys of the 7xxx series consist of Al with Zn mainly, Mg and Cu. 7xxx aluminum alloys has high mechanical properties making it distinct from other aluminum alloys. The effect of adding Nickel and heat treatments on the microstructure, formed phases and tensile properties of the 7075 aluminum alloy were studied in this paper. Different percentages of nickel [0.1, 0.5, 1] wt% was added to 7075 Aluminum alloy, and various heat treatments (artificial aging T6 and Retrogression and re-aging RRA) was applied on the 7075 alloys that containing nickel. The results obtained by applying of RRA treatment were better than the results of T6 treatment, the tensile properties increased and the microstructure became softer by adding nickel to the studied alloys. The maximum tensile strength of 7075 aluminum alloy was (UTS = 437 Mpa) when RRA heat treatment was applied and 0.5% nickel was added.

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39

Li, Bao, Zhi Feng Zhang, Zhi Gang Wang, Jun Xu, and Qiang Zhu. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A390 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.1049.

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In the present work, the effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of A390 alloy were investigated. The results show that the as-cast microstructure of A390 alloy mainly consists of primary silicon, α-Al, eutectic silicon and Al2Cu phase. The morphology of primary silicon is irregular polygonal block with sharp edges. Eutectic silicon exhibits a coarse plate-like and acicular morphology and the fishbone like Al2Cu phases are gathered at the grain boundary. During solution treatment, eutectic silicon undergoes fragmentation and spheroidization and T6 heat treatment has a profound effect on the dissolution of Cu and Mg. However, the morphology and size of primary silicon changes little. After the aging process, Al2Cu phases are precipited as lamellar morphology. As a result, the mechanical properties the heat treated A390 alloy increases signiﬁcantly after T6 treatment.

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Möller, Heinrich, Gonasagren Govender, and Waldo Stumpf. "Comparison of the Heat Treatment Response of Wrought and SSM-HPDC Alloy 6082." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.242.

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The natural and artificial aging responses of wrought and SSM-HPDC alloy 6082 are compared. It is shown that the heat treatment response of this Al-Mg-Si alloy is not influenced by differences in microstructures produced by different processing routes. Wrought alloy 6082 is known to experience an unfavourable effect of prior natural aging on the subsequent artificial aging response, which was also found for SSM-HPDC 6082 in this study. The tensile properties of SSM-HPDC 6082-T6 agree well with those specified for wrought 6082-T6, except for a much lower ductility of the SSM-HPDC variant.

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Kang, Suk Bong, Jae Hyung Cho, Hyoung Wook Kim, and Y. M. Jin. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in ZK60 Alloy Sheet." Materials Science Forum 567-568 (December 2007): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.567-568.361.

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The sheet of ZK60 alloy with a thickness of 1mm was prepared from a casting ingot followed by homogenization and warm-rolling. Variations in microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 alloy sheets were investigated during T6 treatment. Especially artificial aging after solution heat treatment affected both precipitates distribution and mechanical properties with aging treatment. Variations of mechanical properties were related to precipitates, i.e. rod-shaped ( 1 β ′ ) or disc shaped ( 2 β ′ ) particles. Around the peak of hardness values, regularly distributed rod-shaped ( 1 β ′ ) precipitates were found. The rod-shaped ( 1 β ′ ) precipitates were oriented with a growth direction of [0001]. When over-aged, rod-shaped ( 1 β ′ ) precipitates were expected to decrease and the density of disc-shaped ( 2 β ′ ) precipitates to change. The rod-shaped ( 1 β ′ ) precipitates mainly consist of {Mg, Zn}, while disc-shaped ( 2 β ′ ) precipitates, {Mg, Zn, Zr} or {Mg, Zn}. In this study the optimum T6 treatment was determined as solution treatment at 430 °C for 6 hours and subsequently aging treatment at 175 °C for 18 hours. At this T6 condition the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 321MPa, 280MPa and 16%, respectively.

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42

Wang, You Bin, and Jian Min Zeng. "The Effects of Mn Addition on Microstructure and Properties in 6061 Aluminium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1838.

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The effects of Mn addition on the microstructure and hardness of 6061 aluminum alloy were studied by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) , energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness tester in this work. The results shows that rod and fishbone AlSiFeMn phase will be formed in the alloy with Mn addition in 6061 aluminium alloy, and the AlSiFeMn phase increases with the increasing of Mn content . By the mean of XRD, the Al4.07 Mn Si0.74 phase is found in the 6061 aluminium alloy from 0.7% to 1.5% Mn. The hardness increases with the increasing of Mn contents both for as-cast and for T6 heat treatment. However, the hardness growth rate for as-cast is much more than that for T6 heat treatment at the same Mn addition in the 6061 alloy. Mn has a little effect on the hardness for T6 heat treatment in 6061 alloy.

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43

Pezda, Jacek, and Jan Jezierski. "Non-Standard T6 Heat Treatment of the Casting of the Combustion Engine Cylinder Head." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 4114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184114.

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The introduction of new design solutions of cast components to the powertrain systems of passenger cars has resulted in an increased demand for optimization of mechanical properties obtained during heat treatment, assuring—at the same time—a suitable level of production capacity and limitation of manufacturing costs. In this paper, research results concerning non-standard T6 heat treatment of a combustion engine cylinder head made of AlSi7Cu3Mg alloy are presented. It has been confirmed that the optimal process of heat treatment of this component, taking into consideration the criterion of material hardness, involves solutioning at a temperature of 500 °C for 1 h, and then aging for 2 h at 175 °C. As a result, HBS10/1000/30 hardness in the range of 105–130 was obtained, which means an increase from 35% to 60% in comparison to the as-cast, depending on the position of the measurement and spheroidization of precipitations of eutectic silicon.

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44

Adnan, Fuad, Haris Rudianto, Hery Sulistyo, and Deny Haryadi. "Effect of T6 Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Cast Al-Si-Sn-Fe-Cu." International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 7, no. 4 (December 2019): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17706/ijmse.2019.7.4.109-124.

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45

Jianmin, Yu, Zhang Zhimin, Zhang Xing, Ren Fengli, and Wu Yaojin. "Study on microstructure evolution of deformed Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr heat-resistant magnesium alloys after solid solution and ageing." Science of Sintering 48, no. 1 (2016): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1601109j.

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The microstructure evolution of Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr heat-resistant magnesium alloy after deformation and T5 or T6 treatment were studied. In thermoplastic deformation, dynamic recrystallization and dynamic precipitation has been taken place at the same time. The dynamic precipitation reduces the recrystallization nucleation driving force in the grain; it will prevent to occur dynamic recrystallization partially. Solid solution temperature was 530oC and hold 4h. Age hardening treatments were performed at 225oC and hold 16h. The alloy showed the comprehensive properties are obviously improved from T6 to T5 heat treatment. After T5 heat treatment the tensile strength of alloy increased to 359.3 MPa, increased by around 48.5%; Elongation is increasing from 5.17% to 6.5%. After peak ageing treatment, the main precipitation is ?' phase, the precipitation phase have obvious pinning effect to grain boundary of the alloy, it will prevent the grain growth ageing for a long-time. At the same time, strengthening role of precipitate phase make its strength increased significantly.

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46

Kunene, G., Gonasagren Govender, L. Ivanchev, R. D. Knutsen, and H. P. Burger. "The Influence of Heat Treatments for Laser Welded Semi Solid Metal Cast A356 Alloy on the Fracture Mode of Tensile Specimens." Solid State Phenomena 141-143 (July 2008): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.141-143.169.

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The CSIR rheo-process was used to prepare the aluminium A356 SSM slurries and thereafter plates (4x80x100 mm3) were cast using a 50 Ton Edgewick HPDC machine. Plates in the as cast, T4 and T6 heat treatment conditions which had passed radiography were then butt laser welded. It was found that the pre-weld as cast, T4 and post-weld T4 heat treated specimens fractured in the base metal. However, the pre-weld T6 heat treated specimens were found to have fractured in the heat affected zone (HAZ).

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47

Möller, H., G. Govender, and W. E. Stumpf. "The T6 Heat Treatment of Semi-Solid Metal Processed Alloy A356." Open Materials Science Journal 2, no. 1 (April 2, 2008): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x00802010006.

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48

Bazilah, N. F., M. R. M. Kamal, N. A. Maidin, Z. Marjom, M. A. M. Ali, and U. H. Ahmad. "T6 Solutionizing Heat Treatment Parameter of A356 Alloy by Investment Casting." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 834 (June 23, 2020): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/834/1/012005.

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Luo, Chuan Hong, Wei Ping Peng, Ting Chen, and Fei Bo Dong. "Influence of Heat Treatment on Properties of 2219AA-T6 FSW Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.187.

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The joint of 2219-T6 aluminum alloy plate was obtained by friction stir welding, and the microstructures and mechanical properties of the joint were investigated. The causes of the weakened joint strength in friction stir welding were analyzed and summarized correspondingly. The tensile properties show that the transverse tensile strength of the joint can reach about 70% of the base metal. Through the heat treatment of recrystallization with high temperature and at short time, the joint can restore the ductility and eliminate the softening, which will improve the performance in mechanical intensity of the joint.

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50

Guo, Yu, Ye Wang, Jieren Yang, Hongyu Xu, Maoliang Hu, and Zesheng Ji. "A Study of the Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of an Al-Si-Fe Alloy Fabricated by Rolling and Heat Treatment." Metals 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9010009.

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The effects of a rolling process and heat treatment on the mechanical and thermal properties of an Al-Si-Fe alloy were studied. The achieved thermal conductivity of the as-rolled alloy treated by a T6 heat treatment was 188.22 W/(m·K), which is as good as that of the as-cast alloy treated by the T6 heat treatment directly, mostly because of changes in the silicon morphology. The results also revealed that the lower quantity of precipitated Al8Fe2Si and Mg2Si phases had no obvious effect on the thermal properties of the material because the interphase spaces between precipitated phases were larger than the mean free path of electrons. However, the precipitated second phases influenced the elongation. The best mechanical properties of the Al-Si-Fe alloy were obtained by rolling and T6 treatment. The corresponding best tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation were 244 MPa, 295 MPa, and 9.56%, respectively, which are attributed to the near-spherical shape, small size, homogeneous distribution of the Si particles, and the precipitation strengthening of Mg2Si.

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Journal articles on the topic 'T6 heat treatment'

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