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Academic literature on the topic 'TA-CSA'
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Journal articles on the topic "TA-CSA"
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Myers, Kasiani C., Sonata Jodele, Adam S. Nelson, Erica Goodridge, Parinda A. Mehta, Robin Mueller, Christopher E. Dandoy, Adam Lane, Javier A. El-Bietar, and Stella M. Davies. "Transplant Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Individuals with Fanconi Anemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2217.2217.
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Abstract Objective: Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is an increasingly recognized complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) due to vascular endothelial injury. TA-TMA most commonly affects the kidneys resulting in proteinuria, hypertension and often progresses to multi-organ failure in severe cases. We previously identified in our institutional prospective study of TA-TMA a higher incidence of TA-TMA in Fanconi anemia (FA) individuals. We hypothesized that exposure to cyclosporine (CSA), which has been implicated in TA-TMA, may have led to this increase. The goal of our current study was to examine the TA-TMA incidence in FA individuals undergoing HSCT with CSA exposure at our institution and its impact on transplant related morbidity and organ function. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review in all patients with FA undergoing first unrelated donor T-depleted HSCT (2010-2016) using a busulfan, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and ATG preparative regimen to identify the incidence of transplant-associated TMA and clinical outcomes. Subjects were stratified by cyclosporine use. Results: Forty-two patients underwent unrelated donor t-depleted HSCT using busulfan, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and ATG during the study period. Additional GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine (CSA) was used in the first 29 subjects while subsequent subjects received no additional prophylaxis (n= 13). Incidence of TA-TMA in the CSA and Non-CSA groups was 66% (n=19/29) and 54% (n=7/13) respectively (p=0.51) and was increased from the overall institutional TA-TMA incidence of 34% (p=0.0011). Risk factors for severe TA-TMA were increased in the CSA-group with nephrotic range proteinuria in 53% compared with 14% of the non-CSA group in tested patients and increased complement activation by sC5b-9 levels 100% vs 20%. Median duration of active TA-TMA was longer in the CSA-group at 85 days compared with 41 in the non-CSA group. Complications of TA-TMA including hypertension, kidney injury, dialysis, pericardial effusion and pulmonary hypertension were all increased in the CSA group compared to the non-CSA group. Conclusion: Incidence of TA-TMA after HSCT is increased in FA compared to other HSCT recipients. Individuals receiving cyclosporine for GVHD prophylaxis had more severe TA-TMA than those who did not receive it, affecting transplant related morbidity and long-term renal function. Increased incidence of TA-TMA in individuals with FA may point to novel mechanisms of vascular endothelial injury. Better understanding of these mechanisms may allow for improved transplant risk stratification or new therapeutic approaches in solid tumor therapy. Disclosures Davies: Novartis: Honoraria.
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Zheng, Weiyan, Yi Luo, Yamin Tan, Jingsong He, Jimin Shi, Guoqin Wei, Jie Sun, et al. "Evaluation the Risk Factor of Transplantation-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4527.4527.
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Abstract Abstract 4527 Background: Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is lifethrewten though rare complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Diagnosis of TA-TMA is difficult due to its variation of criteria. Recently two new diagnositic criteria for TA-TMA have recently been proposed: the Bone Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMTCTN) and the International Working Group (IWG) criteria. Our purpose is to investigate the indence and risk facter of TA-TMA in our institute. Study design and methods: All 8 cases of TA-TMA previously diagnosed at our institution between October 2005 and August 2010 were retrospectively evaluated and analysised. Table I showed the transplant details and patients characteristics. Results: Six patients performed Matched Unrelated Donor HSCT, two were haploidentical donor HSCT. Four patients complicated with hypohepatia, but only three patients had renal insufficient. The incidence of central nervous symptom abnormalities or dysfunction was very high (sever of eight patients). Four of eight patients were CSA linked TA-TMA, withdrawing CSA resulted in complete response. The other four patients were no CSA linked TA-TMA and developed aGVHD or CMV infection before TA-TMA. They had badly response to common treatment including plasma exchange (PE), steroid treatment and immunosuppression decreased. All of them died of multiple organ failure. Table II showed TA-TMA manifestations and associated circumstance of the patient. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that CSA linked TA-TMA is totally different from no CSA linked TA-TMA. The former had good response and prognosis, the later were always associated with GVHD, hypohepatia and virus infectious. The mortality of no CSA linked TA-TMA is high, they had poor prognosis and badly response. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Jadhav, Ashok, Venkat Gopalakrishnan, and Ahmed Shoker. "ComparativeIn VitroEffects of Calcineurin Inhibitors on Functional Vascular Relaxations of Both Rat Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/718313.
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Background and Aim. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) have shown to develop hypertension in transplant patients. Thein vitroincubation effects of cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) on vascular relaxations of rat thoracic aorta (TA) and abdominal aorta (AA) need to be investigated.Methods. The optimal concentrations of CsA (1.0 mg/mL) and Tac (0.1 mg/mL) used to compare endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine (ACh)) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) vascular relaxation against the agonists in phenylephrine (PE-) constricted TA and AA of 13-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats (n=6).Results. In TA, the maximal vasodilator response elicited by ACh (control:Imax98%) was significantly (P<0.01) inhibited by CsA (Imax10%) but not by Tac (Imax97%). In AA, (control: IC5050 nM;Imax100%) CsA (IC507 μM; (P<0.01) showed strong sensitivity to inhibit ACh-dependent vascular relaxation than Tac (IC50215 nM (P<0.05);Imax98%). CsA and Tac failed to affect the inhibitory responses to SNP in both TA and AA.Conclusion. CsA exerts profound inhibitory effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation as compared to Tac in both TA and AA. Aortic rings from the thoracic region are more sensitive to CNIs, since the vasodilator response to ACh is solely mediated by NO while in the AA, ACh likely recruits other endothelial mediators besides NO to maintain vasodilatation.
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Krause Neto, Walter, and Eliane Florencio Gama. "STRENGTH TRAINING AND ANABOLIC STEROID DO NOT AFFECT MUSCLE CAPILLARIZATION OF MIDDLE-AGED RATS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 23, no. 2 (April 2017): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220172302157902.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: It is generally accepted that the capillary network decreases with advancing age. The combined effect of resistance training (RT) and testosterone still needs to be elucidated. Objective: This study aimed to measure capillary profile of different skeletal muscles of middle-aged rats undergoing RT and administration of exogenous testosterone. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups: control with 13-month-old rats (SC), control with 16-month-old rats (SE), aged rats + anabolic agent (SA), aged rats + RT (T), and aged rats + RT + anabolic agent (TA). Results: For soleus, the SE group presented a decrease in the percentage of capillaries in comparison to SC group. SA, T, and TA groups had increased capillary volume in comparison to SC. As for the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), SA, T, and TA groups demonstrated lower capillary volume and numeric density in comparison to SC and SE. The EDL of the T and TA groups presented 70% less capillaries than soleus. The numerical and volumetric density and capillary ratio by muscle fiber were not statistically altered by any intervention. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus of the SA, T and TA groups was statistically different from SC group. The soleus CSA was greater in the TA and T groups than in the SC, SE and SA groups, and the EDL CSA was greater in the TA compared to all other groups. The TA group had greater values than the SE, SA, and T groups. Conclusion: The type of intervention used did not affect any variables measured in the capillary profile. However, the use of anabolic steroid and/or RT showed a tendency to decrease the density of capillaries in the EDL.
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Allen, Matti D., Brendan Major, Kurt Kimpinski, Timothy J. Doherty, and Charles L. Rice. "Skeletal muscle morphology and contractile function in relation to muscle denervation in diabetic neuropathy." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 5 (March 1, 2014): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01139.2013.
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The objective of the study was to assess the effects of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) on muscle contractile properties in humans, and how these changes are related to alterations in muscle morphology and denervation. Patients with DPN ( n = 12) were compared with age- and sex-matched controls ( n = 12). Evoked and voluntary contractile properties, including stimulated twitch responses and maximal voluntary contractions, of the dorsiflexor muscles were assessed using an isometric ankle dynamometer. Motor unit number estimates (MUNE) of the tibialis anterior (TA) were performed via quantitative electromyography and decomposition-enhanced spike-triggered averaging. Peak tibialis anterior (TA) cross-sectional area (CSA; cm2), and relative proportion of contractile to noncontractile tissue (%) was determined from magnetic resonance images. Patients with DPN demonstrated decreased strength (−35%) and slower (−45%) dorsiflexion contractile properties for both evoked and voluntary contractions ( P < 0.05). These findings were not accounted for by differences in voluntary activation ( P > 0.05) or antagonist coactivation ( P > 0.05). Additionally, patients with DPN were weaker when strength was normalized to TA total CSA (−30%; P < 0.05) or contractile tissue CSA (−26%; P < 0.05). In the DPN patient group, TA MUNEs were negatively related to both % noncontractile tissue ( P < 0.05; r = 0.72) and twitch half-relaxation time ( P < 0.05; r = 0.60), whereas no relationships were found between these variables in controls ( P > 0.05). We conclude that patients with DPN demonstrated reduced strength and muscle quality as well as contractile slowing. This process may contribute to muscle power loss and functional impairments reported in patients with DPN, beyond the loss of strength commonly observed.
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Shin, Youngju, So Young Ahn, and Soo-Kyung Bok. "Relationships Between Relative Ankle Muscle Ratios, Severity of Symptoms, and Radiologic Parameters in Adolescent Patients With Symptomatic Flexible Flat Feet." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 45, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.20174.
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Objective To investigate differences in the relative sizes of the ankle-stabilizing muscles in individuals with versus without flexible flat feet and to determine predictors of symptom severity.Methods This cross-sectional study included 30 patients with symptomatic flexible flat feet and 24 normal controls. The following were evaluated: foot posture index, resting calcaneal stance position angle, radiographic findings (calcaneal pitch, Meary’s angle, talocalcaneal angle, talonavicular coverage angle [TNCA]), foot function index (FFI), and cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), and peroneus longus (PL) upon ultrasonographic examination. To address morphometric differences among participants, individual muscle measurements were normalized to proportions of total muscle CSA. Between-group differences were evaluated with independent t-tests. Correlations between muscle ratios, radiographic parameters, and FFI scores were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which parameters predicted severe symptoms.Results The relative size of the TP was significantly greater and those of the TA and PL were significantly smaller in patients with flat feet than in normal controls. Correlations were found among relative muscle CSA ratios, radiographic parameters, and FFI score. Linear regression analysis confirmed that the TNCA and the relative CSA of the PL were independent predictors of symptom severity.Conclusion This study found significant differences in the relative CSAs of the ankle muscles in patients with flexible flat feet versus individuals without flat feet; these differences were significantly correlated with anatomic abnormalities. Symptoms were more severe in patients with relatively greater forefoot abduction and relatively smaller PL.
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Grindeland, R. E., R. R. Roy, V. R. Edgerton, E. J. Grossman, V. R. Mukku, B. Jiang, D. J. Pierotti, and I. Rudolph. "Interactive effects of growth hormone and exercise on muscle mass in suspended rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 267, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): R316—R322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.1.r316.
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Measures to attenuate muscle atrophy in rats in response to stimulated microgravity [hindlimb suspension (HS)] have been only partially successful. In the present study, hypophysectomized rats were in HS for 7 days, and the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (GH), exercise (Ex), or GH+Ex on the weights, protein concentrations, and fiber cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of hindlimb muscles were determined. The weights of four extensor muscles, i.e., the soleus (Sol), medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius, and plantaris (Plt), and one adductor, i.e., the adductor longus (AL), were decreased by 10-22% after HS. Fiber CSAs were decreased by 34% in the Sol and by 17% in the MG after HS. In contrast, two flexors, i.e., the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL), did not atrophy. In HS rats, GH treatment alone maintained the weights of the fast extensors (MG, LG, Plt) and flexors (TA, EDL) at or above those of control rats. This effect was not observed in the slow extensor (Sol) or AL. Exercise had no significant effect on the weight of any muscle in HS rats. A combination of GH and Ex treatments yielded a significant increase in the weights of the fast extensors and in the CSA of both fast and slow fibers of the MG and significantly increased Sol weight and CSA of the slow fibers of the Sol. The AL was not responsive to either GH or Ex treatments. Protein concentrations of the Sol and MG were higher only in the Sol of Ex and GH + Ex rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Bhatla, D., Stella M. Davies, R. E. Harris, M. Crockett, L. Shoultz, S. Shenoy, J. Bleesing, et al. "Reduced Intensity Conditioning Is Safe and Effective for Transplantation of Patients with Shwachman Diamond Syndrome." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2004.2004.
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Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only potentially curative treatment for the bone marrow dysfunction seen in patients with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS). Historically, these patients have fared poorly with intensive conditioning regimens with increased regimen-related toxicity especially involving the heart and lungs. We report our institutional experience with a reduced intensity conditioning protocol in 7 patients with SDS and bone marrow aplasia or MDS/AML. Patient demographics are summarized in Table 1 below. The preparative regimen consisted of Campath-1H for 4 successive days (day -22 to day -19), Fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day for 5 days (Day - 8 to day -4) followed by Melphalan 140 mg/m2 for 1 day (day -3). Four patients received matched related marrow, 2 received matched unrelated peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and 1 received matched unrelated marrow. All but one were 8/8 allele HLA matched. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of Cyclosporine(CSA) and Methotrexate in all except one patient who received tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil as she was CSA intolerant. All patients established 100% donor-derived hematopoiesis. No major regimen related toxicity was seen except hyperglycemia requiring insulin in one patient and Grade II renal insufficiency in 1 patient which resolved with conservative management. Transplant outcomes are described in Table 2. These data indicate that HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning is feasible in patients with SDS and associated with excellent hematopoietic recovery and modest morbidity. Table 1. Patient Demographics Patients #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 Age(yrs) 8 10 12 6 3 29 1 Gender Male Male Male Male Male Female Female SBDS mutation 183_184 TA to CT 183_184 TA to CT K62X 183_184 TA to CT 183_184 TA to CT IVS2+2 T to C 183_184 TA to CT Clinical status Transfusion dependence, recurrent infections Cytopenias Cytopenias Dysplasia Cytopenias Acute myeloid leukemia Dysplasia, Cytopenias Marrow cytogenetics del20q12 and del7q31 i(7)(q10) del20q12 del20q12 del20q12 Complex karyotype including monosomy 7,del5q Normal Table 2. Transplant outcomes Patients Patients #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 Days to myeloid engraftment 15 12 15 11 14 14 13 Platelet Recovery(days) 27 39 33 18 68 14 not engrafted Donor Chimerism 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 99.8% 100% Hospital stay(days) 29 32 35 28 29 22 46 Length of follow-up(days) 758 723 679 385 218 65 33 Acute GVHD Gd II skin None None None None Gd I skin None Lansky scale 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 90% 60%
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Murphy, Kate T., Andrew M. Allen, Annabel Chee, Timur Naim, and Gordon S. Lynch. "Disruption of muscle renin-angiotensin system in AT1a−/−mice enhances muscle function despite reducing muscle mass but compromises repair after injury." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 303, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): R321—R331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00007.2012.
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The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vasoregulation is well established, but a localized RAS exists in multiple tissues and exerts diverse functions including autonomic control and thermogenesis. The role of the RAS in the maintenance and function of skeletal muscle is not well understood, especially the role of angiotensin peptides, which appear to contribute to muscle atrophy. We tested the hypothesis that mice lacking the angiotensin type 1A receptor (AT1A−/−) would exhibit enhanced whole body and skeletal muscle function and improved regeneration after severe injury. Despite 18- to 20-wk-old AT1A−/−mice exhibiting reduced muscle mass compared with controls ( P < 0.05), the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles produced a 25% higher maximum specific (normalized) force ( P < 0.05). Average fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber oxidative capacity was not different between groups, but TA muscles from AT1A−/−mice had a reduced number of muscle fibers as well as a higher proportion of type IIx/b fibers and a lower proportion of type IIa fibers ( P < 0.05). Measures of whole body function (grip strength, rotarod performance, locomotor activity) were all improved in AT1A−/−mice ( P < 0.05). Surprisingly, the recovery of muscle mass and fiber CSA following myotoxic injury was impaired in AT1A−/−mice, in part by impaired myoblast fusion, prolonged collagen infiltration and inflammation, and delayed expression of myogenic regulatory factors. The findings support the therapeutic potential of RAS inhibition for enhancing whole body and skeletal muscle function, but they also reveal the importance of RAS signaling in the maintenance of muscle mass and for normal fiber repair after injury.
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Jiang, B., Y. Ohira, R. R. Roy, Q. Nguyen, E. I. Ilyina-Kakueva, V. Oganov, and V. R. Edgerton. "Adaptation of fibers in fast-twitch muscles of rats to spaceflight and hindlimb suspension." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): S58—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.2.s58.
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The adaptation of single fibers in medial gastrocnemius (MG), a fast-twitch extensor, and tibialis anterior (TA), a fast-twitch flexor, was studied after 14 days of spaceflight (COSMOS 2044) or hindlimb suspension. Cross-sectional area (CSA) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD), and myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities were determined in fibers identified in frozen serial cross sections. Fibers were categorized as light, dark, or intermediate on the basis of myosin ATPase staining and alkaline preincubation and immunohistochemically as reacting with slow, fast, or both slow and fast myosin heavy chain monoclonal antibodies. Because there was a close relationship between these two means of categorizing fibers, all fibers were categorized on the basis of the immunohistochemical reaction. The percentage of slow- and fast-twitch fibers of the MG and TA were unchanged in either group. Mean fiber size of all fibers, irrespective of type, was unaffected in either muscle after flight or suspension. The fibers that expressed both fast and slow myosin heavy chains were smaller than control in the MG of both experimental groups. Compared with control, the SDH and total SDH activities in the MG were significantly less in suspended rats, with the fast-twitch fibers showing the largest difference. The ATPase activity in the MG was higher in flight than in control or suspended rats. There were no significant effects of flight on fibers of the TA. In contrast, the TA in suspended rats had higher GPD activities than either control or flight rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TA-CSA"
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Ahmad, Nora, and Dina Alhakim. "Sexuell exploatering av barn på nätet : Hur välutrustade är olika sociala aktörer för att bemöta den nya problematiken?" Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55239.
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Sexuell exploatering av barn på nätet är ett fenomen som ökat substantiellt i takt med att internetanvändningen ökat i dagens samhälle. Forskning tyder på en ökning med ca 100 fall år 2020 jämfört med år 2019. Sexuell exploatering är i sig inte ett nytt fenomen, men den typen som sker via nätet kan betraktas som en ny form av exploatering som bör studeras närmare. Denna nya form av sexuell exploatering har bidragit till skapandet av en ny typ av förövare, som opererar anonymt och i många avseenden oreglerat. Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka hur välutrustade olika sociala aktörer som socialtjänst och fristående organisationer är för att bemöta barn som blivit sexuellt exploaterade på nätet samt identifiera vilka brister som förekommer i dagsläget. I arbetet genomförs sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma både inom socialtjänsten och fristående organisationer. Intervjuresultaten delas därefter in i fyra olika identifierade teman: Yrkesverksammas bemötande av utsatta barn, Är yrkesverksamma välutrustade för att bemöta barn som utsatts för sexuell exploatering via nätet?, Barn i riskzon för sexuell exploatering samt Olika typer av sexuell exploatering. Dessa teman analyseras, huvudsakligen utifrån systemteorin, foten-i-dörren metoden samt tidigare forskning inom ämnet, och även Barns-Behov-I-Centrum-arbetssättet (BBIC) då det genomsyrar socialtjänstens arbete med barn.Sexual exploitation of children online is a phenomenon that has significantly increased in occurrence apace with the amplified use of the internet in today's society. Current research indicates an incline of about 100 more cases in 2020, compared to the year prior. Sexual exploitation in itself is not a new phenomenon, however the technology assisted exploitation can be considered a new form that needs more research. With a new problem follows the creation of a new type of perpetrator that operates anonymously and often unregulated. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how well-equipped different social work practitioners are to face this new phenomenon as well as to identify shortcomings that may exist. This study includes six semi-structured interviews with both social workers with a Degree of Bachelor of Science in Social Work and individuals within independent organizations targeting this phenomenon. The interview results were consequently divided into four different identified themes: Professionals' treatment of subjected children, Are professionals well-equipped to face children subjected to sexual exploitation online?, Children in risk zones, and Different types of sexual exploitation. The themes were subsequently analyzed, mainly on the basis of system- and the foot-in-the-door theory, previous research and Childrens-Needs-In-Center perspective (BBIC).