Relevant bibliographies by topics / TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering / Dissertations / Theses
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

El-Hajaji, A. H. S. "Desalination technologies and environmental aspects : case study in Libya." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/8585/.

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Water, otherwise known as the pool of life, is the very essence of all living things and as such is vital for survival, whether for living beings, social, economic development or for environmental sustainability. However, its continuing existence is severely threatened for future as a result of climate change, carbon footprint, population growth, environmental damage, combined with natural disasters like droughts and floods. The prospect of an alternative solution such as desalination of sea or brackish water to counter the limit on conventional water resources such as groundwater, which canno
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2

Fenwick, Neal. "Recycling of composite materials using fluidised bed processes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12837/.

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Lightweight engineering plastics have been increasingly used in automotive applications(3), this tends toward more fuel efficient vehicles(1). Glass reinforced plastics commonly include thermosetting polymers. These cannot be re-moulded, unlike thermoplastics, thus thermoset scrap is currently disposed of in landfill. This is increasingly targeted by legislation(14) and is becoming more expensive. This thesis describes work to maximise resource recovery from scrap thermoset composites. A review of relevant literature identified thermal processes for treating scrap thermoset composites. Combust
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3

Still, Gwilym T. "Methods for reducing the cost of cementitious building components in developing countries, with particular reference to rainwater harvesting." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2342/.

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Cementitious building components, although widely used in low-income countries, are too expensive for many applications related to low-income housing. This thesis explores three options for reducing component cost: 1. Use of local fine aggregates, often with clay contamination, instead of low-fines sands transported from a distance. 2. Improved designs, to achieve better material economy. 3. Change of production environment, from on-site to component prefabrication followed by transport to site. Water storage tanks for rainwater harvesting were used as the example for component design, and as
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4

Teng, K. H. "Fouling and its mitigation on heat exchanger surfaces by additives and catalytic materials." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/8929/.

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Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) fouling is the most commonly observed fouling phenomenon in cooling water applications. Fouling happens when a process uses cooling water supersaturated with mineral salt crystals (i.e. hard water). Precipitation deposits on heat transfer surfaces whenever these inversely-soluble salt crystals, like dissolved calcium ions, are exposed to high temperature. An online-monitoring system for fouling phenomena was studied experimentally using a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride for carbonate fouling salt in de-ionized water. The effects of different paramet
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5

Harris, Christopher Nicholas. "Climate change-induced water shortages : improving decision-making in an uncertain future." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5164/.

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An innovative approach to translating probabilistic UKCP09 weather generator information into a usable and replicable risk-based climate change impacts assessment and a basis for robust adaptation planning in the England and Wales water sector is described. Applying metrics of risk in the form of crossing control curves at a reservoir, quantitative assessments of the extent to which a Water Resource Zone (WRZ) can be considered robust to climate change-induced water shortages given the application of adaptations options are made. It is shown in a case study of the North Staffordshire WRZ that
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6

McCoy, Yolla Bishara. "Trade effluent recycling and reuse in the food and beverage manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7178/.

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This research focused on evaluating the water savings that could be achieved from Trade Effluent Recycling and Reuse (TERR) in the UK Food and Beverage Manufacturing Sector (FBM) and on identifying the current and future factors that can impact on the success of this application in the UK. The research data suggest that the water regenerated from a widespread application of TERR in the FBM can potentially satisfy 44% of future increases in water demand. However, it was evident from the research findings that there is a need to clarify implementation strategies and validate the safety, reliabil
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7

Jones, Alfred Ndahi. "Investigating the potential of Hibiscus seed species as alternative water treatment material to the traditional chemicals." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7181/.

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Developing countries pay a high price for water treatment due to importation of water treatment chemicals. Today, more than 663 million people lack access to a clean water supply which results in many deaths. Hibiscus plant seeds, namely Okra, Sabdariffa and Kenaf were investigated to identify their suitability as alternative water treatment materials to provide clean water supply to people in developing countries. Coagulation and disinfection ability of the extracts were assessed using a jar tester and Collilert-18 Quanti-Tray methods whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) test was performed
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8

Hu, Yu. "Improvement of the structural response of steel tubular wind turbine towers by means of stiffeners." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6227/.

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In the thesis the structural response of steel tubular wind turbine towers with various design configurations is analysed using FEM modelling. First, a structural response simulation model was validated by comparison with the existing experimental data. This was then followed with a mesh density sensitivity analysis to obtain the optimum element size. Based on this outcome, towers of various heights between 50-250m are considered and investigated with three different design options as follows: (i) thick walled tower with internal horizontal stiffening rings, (ii) thick walled tower without sti
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9

Bao, Minxi. "Structural and functional integrity of energy-efficiency glazing units." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5289/.

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Windows are the least insulated components in the modern buildings envelopes. The energy-efficiency glazing units have been developed and used to reduce the heat loss from windows. As a type of most common glass product, insulating glass units (IGUs) have been widely adopted in the residential and commercial buildings. A type of new design of glazing units, vacuum glazing units (VGUs), has also been developed to further enhance the insulation performance. Research on the structural/durability behaviours of such new insulating glazing units is relatively limited, although the structural behavio
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10

Sindall, Rebecca Clare. "Increasing the efficiency of anaerobic waste digesters by optimising flow patterns to enhance biogas production." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5636/.

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Anaerobic digestion is used to stabilise sewage sludge and produce biogas. Whilst the need to mix digesters is well-recognised, the level of mixing required and its effects on biogas production are not clear. Here, the effects of mixing speed in mechanically-mixed lab-scale digesters on biogas production are considered. For the first time, positron emission particle tracking was used to visualise flow patterns in lab-scale digesters at different mixing speeds. Computational fluid dynamics models were then built to identify the turbulence characteristics. Four lab-scale digesters were run for f
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11

Alqahtani, Fahad Khshim. "Production of novel manufactured plastic aggregate and its utilisation in concrete." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7821/.

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Plastic waste and its low recycling rate make a significant contribution towards the pollution of the environment. Therefore , it is essential that plastic waste is utilised in different applications . One of the applications is its use either as an aggregate or to form aggregate for use in the concrete. New aggregates were developed using plastic waste and by-product or low cost granular materials. These aggregates have a relatively low density and water absorption as compared to conventional aggregates , and were successfully used to produce sustainable or green lightweight concrete. The new
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12

Nabulsi, Y. A. "Control of the irrigation water resources of the Al-Hasa oasis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1987. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5592/.

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This thesis describes the present situation of the Al-Hasa oasis, which is critically dependent on a single over-used water resource. Evidence is presented to show that water usage is inefficient, and that real improvements are possible, but only if the local farmers are provided with the means of determining the soil moisture levels of their fields. Simple tensiometers and soil moisture cells are considered for this purpose and both would be effective. Soil moisture cells are likely to be the better choice, but more work is needed to evaluate their response to saline soil moisture conditions.
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13

Walker, Mark. "The development of a mesh bioreactor for the anaerobic digestion of biodegradable municipal waste." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/334490/.

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A laboratory scale prototype mesh bioreactor (MeBR) for the two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) of biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) was successfully designed and tested. The development involved a number of preliminary stages; creation and characterization of a synthetic BMW (SBMW), exploration of its single-stage AD characteristics under both methanogenic and hydrolytic conditions, and AD trials of a two-stage reactor system where SBMW was fed to a 1st stage hydraulic flush (HF)reactor and centrifuging was used as a method to produce liquid effluent which was fed to a 2nd stage anaerobic fi
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14

Shen, Dekui. "The pyrolytic mechanism of the main components in woody biomass and their interactions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/334910/.

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The global demand of the volume of woody biomass (such as wood, logging residue, sawdust and so on) is huge and increased annually, due to its new application for the energy/fuel production during recent years. Pyrolysis is termed as a promising thermo-chemical technology to convert woody biomass to liquid, gas and solid fuels/chemicals. The better understanding of the pyrolysis mechanism of woody biomass is demanding considering the thermal performance of individual components (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) and their interactions. In order to develop the current understanding of the py
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15

Simoes, Ana M. "Natural attenuation of landfill leachate by clays." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/79337/.

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16

Mugwar, Ahmed. "Bioprecipitation of heavy metals and radionuclides with calcium carbonate in aqueous solutions and particulate media." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/91289/.

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The possibility of utilisation of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation as a potential remedial technology for sequestering divalent metallic contaminants in subsurface environment was explored. Contamination by heavy metals and radionuclides is a significant environmental problem. Incorporating metals in calcium carbonate minerals is a mechanism that may offer long-term removal of metallic cations. Stimulating native ureolytic bacteria by supplying required nutrient and chemicals to create alkaline conditions suitable for calcium carbonate precipitation may accelerate biomineral
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17

Velkushanova, K. "Characterisation of wastes towards sustainable landfilling by some physical and mechanical properties with an emphasis on solid particles compressibility." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/349013/.

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The EU landfill directive requires the amount of wastes going to landfills to be reduced signifi-cantly in compliance with the sustainable waste management principles. However, the disposal has been and will continue to play a significant role, and the overall aim is an improved design and operation of the landfill sites, and reduction of their negative environmental impact towards sustainable landfilling. Waste has been recognised by other researchers as the primary structural element in landfills; therefore for better understanding of its behaviour, the physical and engineering properties of
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18

Leybourne, Mark T. "Development and evaluation of the hydrodynamic design of the OWEL wave energy converter." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355976/.

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The conversion of ocean wave energy has the potential to supply utility magnitudes of electrical generating capacity. It has been predicted that the UK has an annual, practical wave energy resource of 50 TWh which represents 12.5 % of the total electricity consumption. The lack of convergence in the design of wave energy converters, demonstrates that there is not yet a clearly superior concept and so the development of novel technologies is continuing. OWEL’s novel wave energy converter was intended to overcome some limitations of floating OWCs whilst retaining many of the beneficial synergies
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19

Caicedo, D. "A study of the structure in solid wastes and some implications for fluid flow in landfills." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355967/.

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The search for alternative landfill operation and management strategies has triggered the development of the concept of a landfill as a bioreactor. The application of the concept requires the recirculation of liquids and hence a better understanding of fluid flow and transport processes that are strongly controlled by the physical structure of the media. It is generally accepted that as a result of the deposition in progressive layers, compaction and heterogeneity; solid waste develops a strong and anisotropic structure. Also, that due to their flat shape and orientation, materials such as pla
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20

Bautista, de los Santos Quyen Melina. "Towards a predictive framework for microbial management in drinking water systems." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8261/.

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The application of DNA sequencing-based approaches to drinking water microbial ecology has revealed the presence of an abundant and diverse microbiome; therefore, the possibility of harnessing drinking water (DW) microbial communities is an attractive prospect in order to address some of the current and emerging challenges in the sector. Moreover, these multiple challenges suggest that a shift in the DW sector, from a “reactive and sanctioning” paradigm to a “due diligence/proactive” based approach may be the key in identifying potentially adverse events. My research project has focused on the
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21

Al-Hinai, Sulaiyam. "Non-invasive velocity and volume fraction profile measurement in multiphase flows." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2010. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/9094/.

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Multiphase flow is the simultaneous flow of two or more phases, in direct contact, and is important in the oil industry, e.g. in production wells, in sub-sea pipelines and during the drilling of wells. The behaviour of the flow will depend on the properties of the constituent phases, the flow velocities and volume fractions of the phases and the geometry of the system. In solids-in-liquid flows, measurement of the local solids volume fraction distribution and the local axial solids velocity distribution in the flow cross section is important for many reasons including health and safety and eco
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22

Hann, M. R. "A numerical and experimental study of a multi-cell fabric distensible wave energy converter." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355974/.

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The Fabriconda wave energy converter is a submerged tube lying perpendicular to incoming wave fronts. The tubeconsists of a series of smaller fabric tubes, called cells, joined together longitudinally to form a larger central tube. The cells and central tube are flooded with water. Cross-sectional area changes with pressure due to the cells changing shape. The Fabriconda is therefore distensible, enabling it to extract energy from external waves. Waves induce a series of travelling bulges, and an internal oscillatory flow, in both the central tube and cells. If the speed of these bulges is clo
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23

Sun, Hao. "Research on a new hybrid wind turbine system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5225/.

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Electrical power generation from wind energy has been recognised as one of major realistic energy sources in CO2 emission reduction worldwide. However, matching power generation with the load demand remains a great challenge, due to the nature of wind energy intermittency. The thesis addresses this issue by developing a new system with the structure of a hybrid connection of the wind turbine and compressed air energy storage. A scroll air motor is adopted to serve as an “air-electricity transformer” to compensate the power output during the period of low wind speed. The complete mathematical m
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24

Inacio, M. F. M. "The building deconstruction process and the debris trail : towards a dynamic model." Thesis, University of Salford, 1999. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2210/.

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Waste production and management problems have increased in this century. Population growth and consumption patterns in developing societies are associated with this growth. During the last decades, some world organisations have contributed to a global discussion and common resolutions. Concerns about the environment and sustainable development have been soundly highlighted. The European Union through its five Environment and Development Programmes as well the Directives and other special Regulations have responded that Agenda 21. The complexity and historical context of integrated and sustaina
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25

Minto, James Martin. "Towards a rational design of gravel media water treatment filters : MRI investigation of the spatial heterogeneity in pollutant particle accumulation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5711/.

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Gravel filters are potentially a low cost, low maintenance water treatment solution. They require no mechanical or electrical parts and can operate without the addition of chemicals or the need for close supervision. As such, they are an appropriate technology for treating road runoff as a component of Sustainable urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) and as an initial stage of drinking water treatment in rural areas. However, the processes by which pollutant particles are removed in gravel filters are poorly understood and practical experience shows that many filters fail long before their expected d
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26

Almherigh, Mohamed Abdalla Mohamed. "Evaluation of finite element analysis techiques applied to a floating offshore wind turbine." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2216/.

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The work presented here is a research thesis of the Ph. D programme in The School of Computing, Science & Engineering at The University of Salford UK. The work presents the evaluation of using explicit finite element techniques for structural non-linear dynamic analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine used for harnessing wind kinetic energy and converting it to electricity. The LS-DYNA3D explicit finite element analysis programme is used in performing the evaluation of the analysis and in creating a full scale model typical to the one evaluated. The developed model (case study) is a 1.4MW
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27

Mossa, Abdul Wahab. "The impact of long term biosolid application on soil health." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46255/.

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The disposal of biosolids poses a major environmental and economic problem. Agricultural use is generally regarded as the best means of disposal. Although the impact on soil ecosystems remains uncertain. Biosolids can improve soil properties by supplying nutrients and increasing organic matter content but there is also a potentially negative impact arising from the introduction of heavy metal contaminants into soils. It is widely acknowledged that the bioavailable fraction, rather than total metal content, is indicative of plant metal uptake and toxicity. The bioavailable metal fraction in tur
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28

Pilegis, Martins. "Structural and geo-environmental applications of waste quarry dust." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/66215/.

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This thesis presents a study of the characterisation of fine aggregates manufactured from waste quarry material and their use in concrete supported by artificial neural network models of the fresh and hardened concrete properties. The reutilization of rock filler, a by-product of the sand manufacturing process, as a soil liming material is explored. A set of tests and techniques were identified to characterise fine aggregates manufactured from quarry dusts via a dry processing system. Granite, limestone, sandstone and basalt manufactured sands and their unprocessed counterparts “feed quarry du
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29

Kong, Dechao. "Advanced HVDC systems for renewable energy integration and power transmission : modelling and control for power system transient stability." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4217/.

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The first part is concerned with dynamic aggregated modelling of large offshore wind farms and their integration into power systems via VSC-HVDC links. The dynamic aggregated modelling of offshore wind farms including WT-DFIGs and WT-PMSGs are proposed to achieve effective representations of wind farms in terms of computational time and simulation accuracy for transient stability analysis. Modelling and control of VSC-HVDC systems for integration of offshore wind farms are investigated. Comparisons of two control schemes of rectifier-side converter are carried out to evaluate their dynamic per
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30

Zhao, Xianxian. "Power smoothing and oscillations suppression by controlling inertial energy of wind energy systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8331/.

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In the first part, an economic scheme to smooth short periodic and heavily fluctuating wave power is proposed by controlling the inherent large amount of inertial energy of nearby offshore wind turbine systems (WTSs). The smoothing principle is that these WTSs are controlled to absorb the fluctuations of the wave power or release power opposite to them. The control challenge is that two objectives have to be achieved simultaneously: the rotor speed of a WTS has to be controlled against smoothing requirement whilst controlled to follow changes of wind speed to achieve wind power capture close t
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31

Chamberlain, Jon. "Harnessing collective intelligence on social networks." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/15693/.

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Crowdsourcing is an approach to replace the work traditionally done by a single person with the collective action of a group of people via the Internet. It has established itself in the mainstream of research methodology in recent years using a variety of approaches to engage humans in solving problems that computers, as yet, cannot solve. Several common approaches to crowdsourcing have been successful, including peer production (in which the participants are inherently interested in contributing), microworking (in which participants are paid small amounts of money per task) and games or gamif
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Ali, Jafar. "Modelling of thermal plume discharge into shallow and still water." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/11118/.

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The concerns of global warming are guiding most industries and commercial properties towards addressing their energy usage. In large buildings where air conditioning is required, there is often a need for “chillers” to control the temperature of the building. This process is not environmentally friendly and expensive in terms of energy used and maintenance issues. The alternative is to cool buildings using natural resources such as induced wind drafts and water extraction from rivers and canal. The latter has not been used with optimum effectiveness because the prediction procedures are not su
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Wei, Yang. "Effects of pure and impure carbon dioxide (CO2) on soil chemistry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10831/.

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A cleaner use of fossil fuels supported by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) techniques is considered to be one of the main short-term strategies for addressing the global climate change problem. However, potential CO2 or CO2/SO2 seepage during some of the phases of a CCS project not only reduces its performing efficiency, but also impacts the local environment, which could have further impacts on human health. It is therefore essential to assess the potential risks and provide evidence that the impacts are well understood. Moreover, studying the effects of CO2 leakage is useful for identifying
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Welch, Denise Claire. "A methodology for the measurement of distributed agricultural sources of ammonia outdoors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13268/.

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Ammonia is the most prevalent alkaline gas in the atmosphere and plays an important role in environmental pollution through acidification and eutrophication. Livestock are the largest source of ammonia in the UK, mainly originating during storage and spreading of animal manure. The aim of this study was to validate the collection efficiency of recurved passive ammonia flux (PAF) samplers and the flux frame method to provide a robust methodology for measurement of distributed agricultural sources of ammonia outdoors. The collection efficiency of recurved PAF samplers was determined in a wind tu
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Jafary, Forough. "Participatory modelling platform for groundwater irrigation management with local farmers in Iran (Kashan)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6809/.

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This thesis develops a participatory modelling process to study improvement in the management of irrigation efficiency, including physical and social dimensions in the context of arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. This study develops an interdisciplinary and participatory method to understand and strengthen collective decision-making in local Iranian farming systems. Specific attention is given to groundwater irrigated agricultural practices under the Iranian governance system to provide wider context. Kashan City, in central Iran is selected as a case study area for specific reasons, such as
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36

Balasubramaniyam, Anuluxshy. "Root adaptive responses of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) growing in sand treated with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2012. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/9147/.

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Phytoremediation is a green technique used to restore polluted sites through plant-initiated biochemical processes. Its effectiveness, however, depends on the successful establishment of plants in the contaminated soil. Soils that are contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially low molecular weight, mobile PAHs such as naphthalene pose a significant challenge to this. Plant roots growing in these soils exhibit changes to their structure, physiology and growth patterns. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) roots grown in sand contaminated with either petroleum crude oil (
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Cheng, Xu. "Inert refractory systems for casting of titanium alloys." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3838/.

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Research has been undertaken to develop new yttria slurry systems for use in mould face coats for investment casting TiAl alloy, solving the pre-gelation problems of commercial yttria slurry systems to increase slurry life. Meanwhile, the new face coats should also have excellent sintering properties, chemical inertness, surface finish and be easy to prepare. The processes of developing the new slurry started with the filler powder investigation by adding different sintering additives into the yttria powder to achieve good sintering properties. Then the best filler powder candidates were selec
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38

Aldarmaki, Naeema Ibrahim Karam Al-Darmaki. "Extraction and enrichment of minor lipid components of palm fatty acid distillate using supercritical carbon dioxide." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3621/.

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Currently the extraction of valuable components from oils is of growing interest. Palm fatty acid distillate is a by-product from palm oil refining process which contains valuable minor components. The scope of the present work was to investigate the enrichment of high value low concentration components of palm fatty acid distillate namely squalene (1.8-2.3 wt.% squalene) using supercritical carbon dioxide as solvent with counter-current packed column kept under isothermal and longitudinal thermal gradient. The overall objective of this work was to explore the effect of extraction process para
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Bright, Vivien Bianca. "Street canyon atmospheric composition : coupling dynamics and chemistry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4414/.

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A new model for the simulation of street canyon atmospheric chemical processing has been developed, by integrating an existing Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) dynamical model of canyon atmospheric motion with a detailed chemical reaction mechanism, the Reduced Chemical Scheme (RCS), comprising 51 chemical species and 136 reactions, based upon a subset of the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The combined LES-RCS model is used to investigate both the effects of mixing and chemical processing upon air quality within an idealised street canyon. The effect of the combination of dynamical (segregation)
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Grydaki, Nikoletta. "Microbial characterisation of bioaerosols from indoor environments using molecular techniques." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23077/.

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Nowadays, the quality of air in the indoor environment is of increasing concern as it is estimated that the majority of people in developed countries spend about 85% of their time in various indoor micro-environments. The biological fraction of airborne particulate matter has become of increasing interest owing to the potential allergenic and pathogenic nature of airborne micro-organisms. Biological aerosols are ubiquitous and abundant in the air we breathe in the built environment and despite the recognition of the importance of bioaerosol exposure on human health, relatively little is known
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Armstrong, James R. "Boolean weightless neural network architectures." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2011. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/5325/.

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A collection of hardware weightless Boolean elements has been developed. These form fundamental building blocks which have particular pertinence to the field of weightless neural networks. They have also been shown to have merit in their own right for the design of robust architectures. A major element of this is a collection of weightless Boolean sum and threshold techniques. These are fundamental building blocks which can be used in weightless architectures particularly within the field of weightless neural networks. Included in these is the implementation of L-max also known as N point thre
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Mee, Stephen J. "The synthesis, characterisation and properties of self- assembled hollow and low density microspheres." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3116/.

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Hollow low density microspheres were prepared by adsorbing kaolin nanoparticles onto a polystyrene (PS) template. A cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride), was initially adsorbed on the PS to render the surface cationic enabling the kaolin nanoparticles to form a shell structure due to electrostatic attraction forces. An increase in ionic strength by the addition of 0.1 M NaCl increased the amount of polyelectrolyte adsorbed at the PS surface. Solvent relaxation NMR experiments indicated that solvent molecules were bound at the PS surface suggesting attached polymer ch
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43

Clements, Laura. "The suitability of anaerobic digesters on organic farms." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354422/.

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Food and energy security are two key environmental challenges currently faced by mankind. The principles behind organic farming are to promote environmental sustainability; however within the organic standards the use of renewable energy is only a suggested method with which to achieve this. If organic farmers can successfully utilise anaerobic digesters, they could contribute towards the provision of both food and energy security using one holistic system. Within this thesis, the suitability of anaerobic digesters on organic farms was explored using methods from ecological, sociological and e
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44

Mahapatra, Indrani. "Modelling environmental risks and conceptualising 'responsible innovation' for nanotechnology enabled medical applications." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7102/.

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Medical products based on nanomaterials can revolutionise disease diagnosis and management modalities via faster, non-invasive diagnostic techniques and targeted therapeutic delivery and will be used extensively in coming years. The central goal of this thesis was to understand environmental risks that could potentially arise from mass production and wider use of nanotechnology enabled medical products and to gather insights from experts’ perceptions on “Responsible Innovation”. The research presented here uses a mixed methods approach to answer the research questions. By applying probabilisti
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45

Kasuga, Ayuka. "Views of smoke in England, 1800-1830." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13991/.

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This thesis explores urban smoke and its nuisances in Georgian England, especially focusing on the period, 1800-1830. During this period, a number of English towns experienced accelerated industrialisation and many of them first experienced air pollution. In 1821, Michael Angelo Taylor, MP, passed a parliamentary bill on smoke abatement, Taylor’s Act. Although it has generally been believed that the Act did not have much of a social impact, this thesis argues that the Act diffused the usage of smoke abatement technology and triggered dozens of legal cases. The geographical focus of this thesis
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46

Callaghan, Fergal James. "Co-digestion of agricultural and industrial wastes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3601/.

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Anaerobic digestion technology has not gained widespread acceptance on UK farms due mainly to the long return on investment periods involved. It has been suggested that co-digestion of agricultural and industrial wastes may enhance the economic viability of such installations. Batch and continuous digestion of cattle slurry and organic industrial wastes was carried out in specially constructed pilot plant digesters, to determine optimum mixtures of waste and digester loading rates. A total of 10 different wastes were tested, on a batch digestion basis, for their potential to co-digest with cat
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47

Gill, Simaranjit Singh. "Controlling diesel NO_x & PM emissions using fuel components and enhanced aftertreatment techniques : developing the next generation emission control system." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3643/.

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The following research thesis focuses on methods of controlling nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM) emissions emitted from a low temperature diesel exhaust. This involves studying the influence of hydrogen (H₂) on various aftertreatment devices such as hydrocarbon selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR) over silver-alumina (Ag-Al₂O₃) catalysts for lean NO_x reduction, platinum diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) for nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) production and passive regeneration methods for the diesel particulate filter (DPF). H₂ was implemented on-board either through diesel exhaust gas
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