Dissertations / Theses: 'Ta plats'

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Sundin, Piamaria. "Ta plats : Tillbyggnad av Göteborgs stadsbibliotek." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34737.

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Silfverhammar, Niclas. "Läxa- eller vad får ta plats i livet?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Lärande, Estetik, Naturvetenskap (LEN), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111862.

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Denna uppsats syftar till att göra en explorativ studie om vad läxor är och varför de finns i skolan. Syftet är således att undersöka vad som menas med läxa, vilken betydelse själva ordet har och har haft, beröra läxfrågan genom intervjuer med tre yrkesverksamma lärare, genomgång av nationella regler som styrt skolan från 1842 och framåt, samtida debatt samt en undersökning av en del av den tidigare forskningen kring läxor i en svensk kontext. Studien visar att läxa nämns i regelverken under en period på 1950-60 talen men finns som begrepp redan i fornsvenskan, och används i skolans värld åtminstone från 1800-talets slut. Intervjuerna med de tre yrkesverksamma lärarna tyder på att läxor uppfattas och används olika i skolan idag bland annat för att det är ofta upp till den enskilda läraren att bestämma om läxors vara eller inte vara, i vilken omfattning och i vilka ämnen de kan ges. Läxa har under senare tid kommit att bli en rättvise- och jämlikhetsfråga. Olika grundförutsättningar dels i hemmen och dels i skolorna att kunna stödja barnen med hemuppgifterna är en aspekt på läxans följder, men också bland annat med tanke på möjligheten till skattesubventionerat RUT-avdrag till professionella läxhjälpare för de som har råd. Framtida forskning i ämnet skulle kunna vara en intervjustudie med elever-föräldrar och lärare för att se på vilka sätt skolan kan anpassa sig bättre till rådande förutsättningar i det samhälle som finns idag och imorgon.

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Göstason, Mirjam. "Att ta plats i musik : ensembleundervisning utifrån genusperspektiv." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik, pedagogik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2317.

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Ofta i media står det att tjejer måste våga ta mer plats, detta förekommer bland annat i sammanhang som handlar om pop-/rockmusik. Att ta plats kan göras på flera olika sätt, både audiellt, kroppsligt och kunskapsmässigt men också rumsligt (Björck, 2011). Uppdelningen i musik mellan vilka som spelar vilka instrument är heller inte jämn mellan tjejer och killar (Olofsson 2012; Bladh 2008; Jacobson, 2013). Denna uppsats handlar om ensembleundervisning i gymnasiet utifrån ett genusperspektiv med fokus på platstagande men också bemötande lärare–elev. Empirin har tagits fram med hjälp av deltagande observation samt filmning av ensemblelektioner och uppspel. Resultatet visar att skillnaden i kroppsligt och kunskapsmässigt platstagande skilde mycket bland eleverna men inte generellt mellan könen. I audiellt platstagande var det dock en viss skillnad, tjejerna tog där för sig mindre genom att de generellt hade lägre ljudvolym eller spelade försiktigare. En viktig aspekt av resultatet att ta med i framtiden är att det gör skillnad att jobba med jämställdhet, att alla ska ta plats, och att elever får både manliga och kvinnliga förebilder för att inte instrument eller genrer ska kopplas ihop med kön, vilket det delvis gör idag. Skolan som observerades i denna undersökning har gjort just det, jobbat på ett medvetet sätt kring könsroller.

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Veselaj, Gresa, and Julia Ohlgren. "Vem får ta plats? - En genusanalys av två utomhusgym i Pildammsparken." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22215.

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Utomhusgym har i tidigare sammanhang beskrivits som könsneutrala då de anses användaslika mycket av män som kvinnor (Malmö stad, 2014). Det är problematiskt eftersom ordetkönsneutral ofta leder till att kvinnors och mäns olika erfarenheter förbises inom fysiskplanering (Larsson & Jalakas, 2014, s. 51f).I denna uppsats har vi, med hjälp av de tre teoretiska ingångarna territorialisering, genus ochtrygghet, undersökt utomhusgymmen i Pildammsparken i Malmö ur ett genusperspektiv. Vihar med hjälp av observationer sett hur människor rör sig på gymmen och använder sig avdem. Vi har med hjälp av intervjuer tagit del av människors uppfattning om gymmen.Observationerna och intervjuerna gjordes under två veckor i april, under olika tider på dygnetför att ta reda på om användningen av utomhusgymmen skiljde sig åt beroende på tidpunkt.Den skillnad som vi sett mellan mäns och kvinnors användning och upplevelser framgårgenom våra intervjuer. Kvinnor upplever generellt otrygghet på dagtid då de blir betraktadeav andra, samt att kvinnorna beskriver att de är mörkrädda under kvällstid. Kvinnor användersig därför inte lika stor utsträckning av utomhusgymmen, eftersom deras rörelsefrihet ärbegränsad. Den kropp som tar plats på utomhusgymmen är den unga, vältränade, manligakroppen. Avslutningsvis menar vi att samhällsstrukturer och normer får en sådan inverkan påoffentliga rum, att män och kvinnor inte kan ta del av staden på lika villkor.
In previous contexts, outdoor gyms have been described as gender neutral as they are beingused equally by men and women (Malmö 2014). This can be problematic since the term“gender neutral” often lead to that men’s and women’s different experiences get overlookedwithin urban planning (Larsson & Jalakas, 2014, s. 51f).Within this essay, we will use three theoretical inputs - territorialisation, gender and securityto examine outdoor gyms in the park Pildammsparken in Malmö, from a gender perspective.We have looked at people’s movements at the gyms and how people use them throughobservations. We have gained knowledge about how people perceive the gyms throughinterviews. The observations and the interviews took place within two weeks in April duringdifferent times of the day, to comprehend if the gyms were used differently at different times.The difference in how men and women use and perceive the outdoor gyms can be seenthrough our interviews, in which women state that they feel insecure during daytime due tobeing stared at and feeling scared when it’s dark outside. Women therefore don’t equallypartake at outdoor gyms, because their freedom of movement are limited. The young,physically fit, male body is therefore the body that take place at outdoor gyms. Finally, weargue that societal structures and norms has such an effect on public spaces, that men andwomen cannot with equal rights take part of the city.

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Blomqvist, Paula Rodrigo. "Närvarons politik och det mångetniska Sverige : om att ta plats i demokratin /." Göteborg : Kompendiet, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/489030343.pdf.

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Westerlund, Monica, and Rose-Marie Nilén. "Med rätt att ta plats : överviktiga elevers känslor och upplevelser av idrott." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32144.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka och förmedla, av skolan klassificerade, överviktiga barns erfarenheter och upplevelser av ämnet idrott och hälsa. Därigenom ville vi få ökad förståelse för deras situation och på så vis, i högre grad, kunna involvera och aktivera eleverna på idrottslektionerna. Studien kan förhoppningsvis också ses som ett bidrag vilket kan användas för att på ett bättre sätt individanpassa idrottslektionerna. Frågeställningarna vi ville få svar på var vad för slags delaktighet respektive utanförskap eleverna upplever i idrottsundervisningen. Vi ville också veta på vilket sätt skolan och läraren engagerar sig i elevernas situation och få svar på vilka attityder till ämnet idrott & hälsa eleverna ger uttryck för. Vi ämnade också se huruvida de överviktiga barnen påverkas av den egna familjens syn på idrott. Vilken betydelse eleverna önskar att idrotten skulle ha för dem var också en av våra frågeställningar. Metoden vi använt oss av är kvalitativa intervjuer. Urvalet var överviktiga barn, både flickor och pojkar, och två skolsköterskor. Vi har också utfört observationer av elever, såväl på bar-nens extraidrott på handslaget som på skolidrotten. Då det inte, av etiska skäl, var möjligt att intervjua barnen i skolmiljö valde vi att söka upp barn på överviktsenheten och Handslagspro-jektet. I vår studie uttryckte de överviktiga barnen positiva tankar om idrotten i skolan men kände sig ofta misslyckade i skolidrottens tävlingssammanhang vilket leder till ett slags utanförskap då de tenderar att dra sig undan kamraterna och hålla sig i bakgrunden på idrottslektionerna. Barnen upplever att deras lärare inte reder ut problemen de vill ha hjälp med. Eleverna känner sig stressade av att inte klara aktiviteterna, som inte är individanpassade, vilket enligt dem inverkar på betyget. Många av de överviktiga barnen ville ändra på sig, det vill säga gå ner i vikt eller förbättra konditionen vilket försvåras av att föräldrarna sällan är beredda att ändra sin livsstil. Våra intervjuade skolsköterskors olika tillvägagångssätt leder till att eleverna fri-villigt kommer till den som inte fokuserar på att väga och mäta eleverna. I vår undersökning har vi funnit möjliga åtgärder för att involvera och aktivera de överviktiga barnen som vi an-ser har rätt att ta plats i idrottshallen. Uppsatsens teoriram bygger på Bourdieus begrepp om habitus och Goffmans teorier om stigmatisering. Nyckelord: Övervikt, barn, idrott, hälsa, utanförskap, klassificering, skolans engage-mang, familjepåverkan.

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Aall-Campbell, Linnea. "Examenskonsert & stilanalys. : Ta plats? Reflektion över examenskonsert & Stilanalys - Olav Luksengård Mjelva." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för folkmusik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-1745.

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Alenbrand, Emma, and Emma Bodin. "Låt barnen ta plats : Hur och varför barn bör inkluderas i kommunala planprocesser." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67389.

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En generell utmaning inom samhällsplaneringen är att utföra medborgardialoger som dels säkrar att alla grupper av medborgare får komma till tals och dels att förväntningarna på resultatet är realistiska. En grupp som har svårt att på egen hand göra sin röst hörd i planeringsprocessen är barn. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga varför och hur inkludering av barn i planprocessen bör ske. Detta med utgångspunkt i Örebro kommuns uttalade mål att öka medborgardeltagande av barn. Barnkonventionen fastställer barns rättigheter och det finns flera aspekter som talar för nyttan att inkludera barn i planeringen. Definitionerna av barnperspektiv och barns perspektiv skiljer sig åt där det förstnämnda innebär att man bedömer och förklarar barns behov medans det sistnämnda tar vara på barns egna erfarenheter genom olika deltagandemetoder. Det finns en betydelse i hur barn utforskar och använder den fysiska miljön kopplat till deras utveckling. Genom beprövade metoder för hur dialog med barn sker på bästa sätt samt hur resultatet ska förvaltas så kan denna betydelse identifieras. Analysverktyget barnkonsekvensanalys (BKA) används inom olika kommuner för att säkra barnperspektivet i planprocesser. Det är ett analysverktyg som med fördel skulle kunna förstärka barnperspektivet i Örebro kommun. Att arbeta med BKA i planprocesser genererar uppenbara fördelar då barns status som medborgare likställs med andra grupper i samhället samt att deras rättigheter säkras. Flera andra sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska aspekter gynnas också av utförandet av BKA på både lång och kort sikt för både kommunen, barnen själva och samhället som helhet.

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Berg, Pia. "Att ta sin plats bland hanarna : ett arbete om överlevnadsförmågor, normer och genus." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Centrum för praktisk kunskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36487.

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In this essay I make an attempt to define the abilities that helped me in my antisocial choices that as a woman to become a decorator and throw me into the male construction industry. I use the metaphor of the wolf pack, which may symbolize hierarchies, norms, and even gender. What helped me to take my place among the males? Is it practical knowledge to deal with new antisocial environments, or what is it? I have not only survived, but also survived in the industry. In the pursuit of abilities and its knowledge of relevance, I analyse different stories from my 25 years in the profession and how I 've handled it encountered. These abilities I have then analysed on the basis of gender and Aristotle and Nussbaum's concept of knowledge, mainly Fronesis and various virtues. All in a try to see if it has to do with knowledge to survive in unfamiliar terrain.
I den här essän gör jag ett försöka att definiera förmågor som hjälpt mig i mitt normbrytande val att som kvinna bli målare och kasta mig in i den manliga byggbranschen. Jag använder mig av metaforen vargflocken som får symbolisera hierarkier, normer och även genus. Vad är det som hjälpt mig att ta min plats bland hanarna? Är det praktisk kunskap att hantera nya normbrytande miljöer eller vad är det? Jag har inte bara överlevt utan levt i branschen. I jakten på förmågor och dess kunskapsrelevans analyserar jag olika berättelser från mina 25 år i yrket och hur jag har hanterat det som uppstått. Dessa förmågor har jag sedan analyserat utifrån genus och Aristoteles och Nussbaums kunskapsbegrepp, då främst fronesis och olika dygder. Allt i ett försöka att se om det har med kunskap att göra att överleva i okänd terräng.

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Schönfeldt, Ylva. "-"Varsågod publiken". : Community Theatre- en möjlig väg för tonårstjejer att ta plats i samhällsdebatten?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102179.

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This paper is a qualitative study based on a phenomenological perspective. The purpose of the study has been to examine how the artistic work with a Community Theatre can visualize the beliefs held by young girls in Skellefteå today regarding the power structures that exist in their lives and how they affect them. Furthermore, the study aims to examine how the work of a theater can provide participants with the opportunity to visualize these structures of power to the public. Questions raised in the study concerns the power structures the young girls are experiencing in their daily lives, how they affect them, how to through a theater approach them in an artistic practice and how the participants' experience of existing power structures is influenced by the work of a theater. The study began with a focus conversation about the participants' view of power in different areas. Based on the conversation, we decided to revise and orchestrate a part of Shakespeare's Othello, focusing on jealousy and men's violence against women in intimate relationships. This was rehearsed and performed to an audience during Trästockfestivalen in Skellefteå. The study ended with a further focus conversation which concerned the work of the theater production and how it affected the participants' view of power. The results show that participants believe that it has been useful to work with the power structures in this way. In particular, they have appreciated the discussions and the opportunity of amateurs to work with the profession, and in this work get visibility to real-life, current issues for an audience.

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Fransén, Hedvig, and Louise Lundmark. "Vem fa?r ta plats i historien? Inkludering av genus och hbtq i historieundervisningen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-31150.

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Syftet med vår kunskapsöversikt var att undersöka vad forskning visar gällande inkludering av genus och hbtq i historieundervisningen. Syftet vilar på frågeställningen: vad säger historiedidaktisk forskning om inkludering av genus och hbtq-perspektiv i historieundervisningen? För att besvara denna fråga har vi gjort en tematisk granskning av systematiskt insamlat material som berör vårt ämne. Vårt resultat visar att det finns argument för varför inkludering av genus och hbtq-perspektiv bör ingå i historieundervisningen. En anledning är att det berikar och utmanar historieämnet genom att ifrågasätta den traditionella och normativa historieförmedlingen. Vidare visade även att både läromedel och lärare idag brister i sin inkludering av genus och hbtq i historieämnet.Slutligen fann vi olika metoder för hur denna inkludering skulle kunna se ut i undervisningen, genom olika material som utvecklar elevers historiska empati och kritiska tänkande. Utifrån detta resultat anser vi att denna avsaknad av genus- och hbtq-perspektiv visar på ett behov av en mer normkritisk historieundervisning, eftersom detta kan utmana normativa föreställningar och skapa historisk empati för andra människor. Vi avslutar vårt arbete med att föreslå ett framtida examensarbete som undersöker hur hbtq kan inkluderas i historieämnet genom sexualundervisning.

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Schönqvist, Anna, and Britt-Marie Vartiainen. "Att ta plats i livet - Personers psykosociala upplevelser efter en överviktskirurgi : En deskriptiv litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25510.

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Bakgrund: Fetma är ett ökande folkhälsoproblem som kan åtgärdas med överviktskirurgi. Överviktskirurgi leder till en övergång från ett stadium/tillstånd i livet till ett annat som medför att personens sociala status förändras. Personer som genomgått en överviktskirurgi är mer förberedda på de fysiska förändringarna än de psykosociala. Syfte: Att beskriva personers upplevelser efter en överviktskirurgi med fokus på den psykosociala situationen. Samt att beskriva de valda artiklarnas undersökningsgrupp. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar. Datainsamling har skett från databaserna PsycINFO och CINAHL. Huvudresultat: Deltagarna uppgav att de kände sig mer normala och accepterade i sociala sammanhang då omgivningens uppmärksamhet förändrades efter överviktsoperationen. De sociala relationerna antog ofta en ny riktning då deltagarna tenderade att ta mer plats i livet. Det framkom att befintliga relationer var viktiga och vårdades men även att de påverkades negativt på grund av slitningar och oro. Skilsmässa uppgavs i flera fall då livet gått i olika riktning. Det framkom även att stöd från anhöriga och supportergrupper var viktiga för att få hjälp med att flytta fokus från invanda tankar och mönster. Slutsats: Att genomgå en överviktskirurgi innebär en livsomställning som påverkar den psykosociala situationen, vilket deltagarna inte alltid kände sig tillräckligt förberedda på. Utifrån den föreliggande litteraturstudien kan sjuksköterskan med ökad förståelse och kunskap bättre bemöta, informera och stödja personer som genomgått överviktskirurgi.
Introduction: Obesity is a public health problem on the increase that can be addressed with bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery leads to a transition from one stage to another, which causes the person's social status to change. People undergoing bariatric surgery are more prepared for the physical changes than the psychosocial. Aim: The purpose was to describe person’s experiences following a bariatric surgery focusing on the psychosocial situation, and to describe the selected articles study group. Method: A descriptive literature study based on twelve scientific articles. Data was collected from the databases PsycINFO and CINAHL. Result: The participants stated that they felt more normal and accepted in social contexts when the attention of the surroundings changed after the bariatric surgery. Social relations often assumed a new direction when participants tended to take more space in their lives. It was found that existing relationships were important and cared for, but also that they were adversely affected by wear and tear and worries. Divorce was reported in several cases when life went in different directions. It was also found that support from relatives and support groups was important in helping move the focus from ingrained thoughts and patterns. Conclusion: Undergoing a bariatric surgery involves a life adjustment that affects the psychosocial situation, which participants did not always feel sufficiently prepared for. Based on the current literature study, the nurse with better understanding and knowledge can better respond, inform and support people who have undergone bariatric surgery.

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Denward, Hilda. "Att ta plats är att ge plats : Hur kvinnor som moshar förstår och förhandlar kropp, kön och rum ur ett feministiskt fenomenologiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Genusvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35435.

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The aim of this paper is to examine how women who mosh to hardcore music understand moshing as a meaning making activity and how they understand and negotiate body, gender and space in their relation to moshing. I have done a feminist phenomenological analysis on four deep interviews with women who mosh based on the theories of Sara Ahmed and Iris Young. I have found that my informants discuss moshing in terms of feelings of adrenaline, euphoria, strength and emotional ventilation. They break the norms of female bodily performance at the same time as they feel uncomfortable with how their bodies stand out in relation to the white and male bodies as a norm in hardcore spaces. The women then use how their own and other bodies that stand out as a way to access space and as a ground for resistance, both against the room as masculine and as white. The women show a clear feministic orientation and use a violent bodily performance as a feminist practice.

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Hallberg, Cecilia. "Let´s dance i grundskolan! : – en kvalitativ studie om hur dans kan ta plats i grundskolan!" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20154.

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Syftet med denna studie är att skapa kunskap om hur dans kan ta plats i estetiska lärprocesser igrundskolan. Vidare är syftet att undersöka hur danspedagoger/danslärare talar om dans som potential i ett sammanhang av elevers utveckling och lärande. En empirisk undersökning i kvalitativintervjuform har genomförts med tre danspedagoger, en är danslärare och en fritidspedagog. Tre av danspedagogerna och en danslärare är anställda via Kulturskolan och arbetar med dans i grundskolan. Danspedagogerna, Dansläraren och Fritidspedagogen har alla en högre utbildning inom dans. De teoretiska perspektiven jag har utgått ifrån är estetiska lärprocesser, multimodalitet, estetik och kultur. Resultatet visar på att dans finns i en varierad mängd i våra grundskolor. Att arbeta med dans ämnesintegrerat eller som eget kunskapsområde utvecklar eleverna i deras lärprocesser. Det stärker deras självförtroende, samarbete med klasskamrater, respekt mot andra, arbete med problemlösning, rumsuppfattning, utforskandet av känslor och att kunna förmedla något med kroppen. Det framkommer att dans kan utmana skolans kultur och kunskapssyn.

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Alwall, Ellen. "Stå i bakgrunden eller ta plats? : En analys av manlig och kvinnlig retorik i två livsstilsmagasin." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45538.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur chefredaktörerna för livsstilsmagasinen Cosmopolitan, som är ett magasin för kvinnor, och Slitz, som är ett magasin för män, väljer att presentera sig själva i sina ledarspalter. Materialet som har använts är en ledarspalt från varje magasin. Den metod som har använts för att analysera texterna är huvudsakligen en topikanalys, med stöd av en textanalys. Även fotografierna som hör till spalterna har analyserats. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att de bilder chefredaktörerna ger av sig själva i hög grad bygger på gamla könsroller. Cosmopolitans chefredaktör tenderar att förminska sig själv, medan Slitz chefredaktör försöker framställa sig i så god dager som möjligt. Det finns även några inslag i texterna där chefredaktörerna tydligt går ifrån könsrollerna. Exempelvis visar Cosmopolitans chefredaktör en villighet att lämna en trygg anställning för en otryggare frilanskarriär, och Slitz chefredaktör skriver mer om sina känslor än Cosmopolitans chefredaktör gör.

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Öhman, Marcus. ""Du kan ta en Norrlänning från Norrland men du kan inte ta Norrland från en Norrlänning" : En kvalitativ undersökning av identitetsskapande hos Pitebor bosatta i storstäder." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Etnologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43703.

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In this essay i examine how five persons from the city of Piteå who have moved to big cities in Sweden identifies with different places. My aim is to show a more heterogeneous image of Norrland and its inhabitants. In the essay I examine how my informants imbue certain words and practises, such as dialects or the act of visiting their hometown, with meaning and how this affects their identification towards the places that they call home. In this essay I understand places not as merely physical and material but also as socially constructed. Therefore I see the construction of places as an important aspect of my informants identification.

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Gleisner, Jenny. "En plats - En identitet." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Religion and Culture, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8160.

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We live in a society where we are not bound to one place. We are encouraged to be mobile and constantly moving between different locations. The life in a convent is a contrast to this; nuns live at a specific place they are bounded to by vows and can not leave. The sisters in the convent of St. Birgitta, Pax Mariae have promised to stay at the same place and live by the rules of the convent. They live within the walls of the convent, an area with clear boarders. In this essay I analyse the meaning of a place, how the convent affects the nuns and their identity. The wall and the restricted area, inner- and outer attributes show where the nuns belong and characterize their life in the convent. The surrounding wall is a symbolic boarder to the nuns, but it also protects from impulses from the society and the outer world. The most evident influence the place has on the identities of the nuns is that they through vows become members of a camaraderie where they call each other sisters, changes their names and wear the same clothes. They become nuns, a ubiquitous identity. Regardless of whom they meet or of where they go, they will be seen as nuns.

I ett samhälle av platslöshet, där vi uppmanas att vara mobila och ständigt befinna oss på olika ställen finns en kontrast; kloster. I kloster är nunnor genom löften bundna till den specifika platsen. Nunnorna i S: ta Birgittas kloster Pax Mariae har lovat att för resten av sin levnad stanna på samma plats och leva efter regler om lydnad, fattigdom och avhållsamhet. De lever inom klostrets murar på ett väl avgränsat område. Denna uppsats behandlar platsens betydelse, hur klostret som plats påverkar nunnorna och deras identitet genom muren och det avgränsade området men även genom inre och yttre attribut som visar på nunnornas tillhörighet till klostret. Muren är för systrarna en symbolisk gräns för deras klausul, det område de inte får gå utanför, men den fungerar även skyddande mot omvärldens impulser. Den mest påtagliga inverkan platsen har på nunnornas identitet är att de genom löftena uppgår i en gemenskap där de kallar varandra för systrar, får ett nytt namn och likadana kläder. De blir i första hand nunnor och kan inte plocka av sig denna identitet. Oavsett vem de möter eller var de befinner sig tillskrivs de rollen som nunna.

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Silfver, Sarah. "Skolan en demokratisk arena? : En kvalitativ undersökning av hur demokratiska förmågor får ta plats i SO-undervisningen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30260.

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The aim of this study is tos to make visible if and how teachers integrate democratic abilities in social studies education. I also want to examine what teachers experience enable or hinder the teaching of democratic abilities. The study is based on the following questions: Does deliberative and participatory democratic abilities apply in teaching and if so, how is this done in the actual teaching? What opportunities and challenges do teachers find in conversations-and participatory democratic abilities? The study examines how teachers teach deliberative and participatory democracy. This study is qualitative and based on interviews and observations offour teachers working in grade 3. The theoretical frame of the study is founded on the deliberative democracy model of Tomas Englund and Åsa Forsberg which is used to study how deliberative abilities take place in teaching. Furthermore, the theory formed by Roger Hart, called Ladder of participation,is used to study whether teachers invite studentsto participateand influencetheir own education. I also used Ljungberg and Unemar Öst theory about teacher's communicative strategies in connection with the controversy handling to give an understanding about how teachers handle controversy, but also how they in connection with controversy encourages deliberative conversations.The results of the study showed that the students did apply and practice conversations democratic abilities.Despite this, some deliberative democratic abilities were more prominent than others.On the other handthe application of participatory abilities were not as common as training deliberativ democractic abilites.

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Rydh, Elin. "Vem målar mittpunkten på kartan? : En undersökning om att ta plats med visuellt berättande genom en mobil designverksamhet." Thesis, Konstfack, IBIS - Institutionen för bild- och slöjdpedagogik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6471.

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Det finns en likriktning i de berättelser som görs synliga genom konstnärligt arbete idag, där storstäder utgör centrum och orter runt om i landet inte sällan glöms bort. Många verksamhetssatsningar på ungas konstnärliga skapande har gjorts i storstadsområden för att öka intresset för konst och design bland ungdomar i förorter. I detta arbete har jag tillsammans med en studiekamrat Anna sett att det finns ett behov av verksamhetssatsningar även längre ut i landet. Därför har vi provat vingarna för en mobil verksamhet som har tagit sig ut i landet med ambitionen att utjämna mellanrummet mellan centrum och periferin, och skapa plats för fler berättelser i kulturens centrum. Mina frågeställningar har varit: Hur kan en mobil estetisk verksamhet skapa utrymme för ungas berättelser och synliggöra platser i periferin? På vilket sätt kan denna verksamhet bemöta en hotad bildundervisning? I undersökningen har jag tagit mig tillbaka till min uppväxtort Värnamo där jag genom ett a/r/t/ographiskt förhållningssätt tagit mig an platsen. Jag har genom att uppleva, filma och fotografera tagit nya perspektiv vid en ny tidpunkt på en gammal plats vilket har varit en del i designandet av de workshopar som vi hållit både i Värnamo, och i Kiruna. Syftet med workshoparna har varit att stärka deltagarna till att berätta sina berättelser genom konstnärligt skapande och ta plats. Undersökningen tar ett intersektionellt perspektiv där platsen är i fokus, och där normer kring centrum och periferi undersöks. Mobila Designfabriken gestaltades på Konstfacks vårutställning i Tellusgången 16, där besökarna fick möjlighet att ta plats i en buss och uppleva resan mellan Kiruna och Värnamo. Deltagarnas visuella och auditiva berättelser fanns representerade och verksamhetens webbsida fanns att titta på digitalt. Genom arbetet med verksamheten har vi kunnat visa att en mobil plattform kan nå ut till fler människor på platser som kanske inte har samma tillgång på kultur som i storstaden.

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Edvardsson, Anton, and Anette Lundh. "Ingen tid, ingen plats men en ny patient : En enkätundersökning av avdelningssjuksköterskors erfarenheter att ta emot patienter från intensivvården." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-260.

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Antalet vårdtillfällen inom svensk intensivvård ökar och därmed också antalet överflyttningar från intensivvårdsavdelningen (IVA) till vårdavdelningar. Med kortare vårdtider och få intensivvårdsplatser ökar trycket ytterligare på vårdavdelningarnas sjuksköterskor. Syftet med studien var att beskriva avdelningssjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att ta emot patienter från IVA. Den kvantitativa studien genomfördes på två västsvenska sjukhus där 61 avdelningssjuksköterskor fick besvara en enkät. Urvalet var av bekvämlighetstyp. Studiens resultat visar på att avdelningssjuksköterskor upplever att patienterna som kommer till avdelningar inte är färdigvårdade så att en patientsäker vård kan ges på vårdavdelningen. Brist på tid samt svårigheterna att samordna själva tiden för överflyttningen ges skäl till detta. Tvärt emot tidigare forskning uppger en majoriteten av de deltagande sjuksköterskorna upplever att de har den kunskap för att vårda patienter från IVA. Vidare upplever sjuksköterskorna i studien att rapportering samt skriftlig dokumentation som tillfredställande. Denna studie visar på avdelningssjuksköterskans utsatthet och att en icke färdigvårdad intensivvårdspatient kan skapa en ohållbar situation på vårdavdelningarna. En mer strukturerad uppföljning skulle kunna bidra till ökad trygghet för avdelningssjuksköterskorna och därmed förbättra vården som bedrivs på vårdavdelningarna.

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Söderberg, Charlott, and Ida Hemborg. ""Vissa barn kan ta mer plats än andra" : En studie av pedagogers bemötande av barn i samlingen ur ett genusperspektiv." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Lärarutbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13736.

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Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur pedagoger bemöter barnen i samlingen på förskolan, får pojkar och flickor olika mycket uppmärksammhet och är i så fall pedagogerna medvetna om sitt sätt att bemöta barnen. Vi har undersökt detta genom intervjuer med tre pedagoger samt observationer av sex samlingar. Vi har sedan analyserat materialet och med hjälp av tidigare forskning och våra egna tankar och åsikter fört en diskussion om resultatet. Resultatet visar på att pedagogerna inte bemöter barnen så som de i intervjuerna menade att de gjorde. Av intervjuerna framgick att barnen bör bemötas utifrån deras personlighet och behov, men av observationerna framgick att flickorna inte alls fick lika mycket utrymme som pojkarna. Pojkar tog betydande mer plats i samlingen inom tre av de fyra kategorier vi valt att undersöka

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Fallgren, Frida. "Tjejers talutrymme- Självklart eller ett genusproblem? : En undersökning om tjejer på gymnasiets möjligheter att ta plats i svenskklassrummet utifrån deras perspektiv." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54655.

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Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie är att undersöka hur tjejer upplever att deras plats i klassrummet i ämnet svenska ser ut och om tjejer i årskurs 3 på gymnasiet ser någon skillnad mot tjejerna i årskurs 1. Empirin samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer av sex informanter, tre från årskurs 1 och tre från årskurs 3 på gymnasiet. Informanternas svar visar att det finns likheter och skillnader mellan introverta och extroverta tjejer. Dessutom finns det svar som överensstämmer med tidigare forskning som visar att tjejerna upplever att de bemöts på ett annat sätt än killar i klassrummet, både av killar och lärare. Förlegade normer och förväntningar på tjejer lever delvis kvar i dagens klassrum. Informanterna har däremot inte reflekterat över om talutrymmet fördelas lika mellan killar och tjejer, utan den som är aktiv och vill ha ordet får enligt informanterna ofta det. Tjejerna i årskurs 3 visar att mognad och självsäkerhet gör att de vågar ta mer plats än tjejerna i årskurs 1. I ett drömklassrum ser tjejerna ökad delaktighet, ökat engagemang och kortare genomgångar av lärare som viktiga komponenter till en bättre undervisning. En didaktisk slutsats är att lärare behöver vara medvetna om hur man beter sig mot tjejer och killar och hela tiden arbeta för ett jämställt klassrum.

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Signarsson, Henning. "Panoramafrihet i det moderna informationssamhället - Allmänhetens rätt att ta del av konstnärliga verk i det offentliga rummet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145468.

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Saint, Just Ribeiro Mikaela. "Orminge i mitt hjärta : en designpedagogisk undersökning om hur boende i Orminge kan ta plats i det offentliga rummet med kollektivt broderi." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Bildpedagogik (BI), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-3264.

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Denna designpedagogiska undersökning baseras på ett empiriskt material som med en etnografisk inspirerad metod med participatory design som grund för deltagandet, undersöker rätten till individens visuella uttryck i det offentliga rummet, sett ur ett maktperspektiv inom det socialkonstruktionistiska fältet. Syftet är att skapa en mötesplats som kan möjliggöra för boende i Orminge att ta plats med visuella avtryck i ett kollektivt skapande. I Orminge, som är en förort till Stockholm, har undersökningen ägt rum i form av en workshop, en aktion och en utställning. Under tre veckor i oktober 2010 kunde biblioteksbesökare till Orminge Bibliotek delta i en öppen workshop. Deltagarna, de boende i Orminge och tillika besökare till Orminge Bibliotek, "målade med tråd" på duk och bestämde sedan platser där den broderade duken skulle placeras ut i det offentliga rummet. En utställning i Orminge Bibliotek skapades utifrån dokumentationen över workshopens process och dukens platstagande i det offentliga rummet (aktionen), vilket lyfte upp deltagarnas arbete och Orminge som plats. Frågeställningen som ställs i undersökningen är: Vilka nya betydelser kan skapas då ett kollektivt broderi tar plats i det offentliga rummet? Jag genomförde en aktion, inspirerad av craftivism, där jag tog ut deltagarnas gemensamma artefakt till deras utvalda platser i det offentliga rummet. Deltagarnas val av platser handlade om att fånga uppmärksamhet, ifrågasätta konsumtion, lämna avtryck i det offentliga rummet, en form av identitetsskapande och symboliska krockar mellan handarbete, reklam och graffiti. Undersökningens resultat visar bland annat att detta projekt kan läsas som en form av motmakt. Som gatukonst bär den broderade duken politisk potential att kunna ifrågasätta den demokratiska aspekten av vem eller vilka som har makten i det offentliga rummet. Deltagarnas platstagande sker via aktionen då deras artefakt utmanar det offentliga rummets strukturer. Inom ramen för designpedagogik kan duken som handarbete i det offentliga rummet härleda till diskussioner om mänsklig närvaro i reklamflödet och ett platstagande av boende i sin egen förort. Hos dessa Ormingebor fann jag en vilja att handarbeta, uttrycka sig och ta plats. Mötesplatsen fångade upp ett behov av att vilja berätta visuellt, med nål och tråd på duk. I en utställning 2011-01-10 till 2011-01-15 på Konstfack (Högskolan för konst, konsthantverk, design och bildpedagogik) gestaltades undersökningen. Fotografier, från när det kollektiva broderiet tog plats och skapade nya betydelser i Orminges offentliga rum, tejpades upp på en yta likt estetiken för olaglig affischering i det offentliga rummet. En större affisch med en bild på duken hängdes på väggen. På affischen hängde trådar och nålar ner mot golvet för att efterlikna workshopens estetik i Orminge Bibliotek.
BI

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Andersson, Jessica. "Miljörummet där barnen får ta plats : En studie om hur ett multimodalt miljörum kan skapa en lekfull, lärande och inkluderande användar- och rumsupplevelse för barn." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55019.

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Detta är ett examensarbete med inriktningen rumslig gestaltning inom informationsdesign. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en multimodal och visuell utformning av dagens miljörum kan påverka barns rumsupplevelser och leda till att miljörummen upplevs mer tillgängliga och inkluderande för specifikt barn, men även för miljörummens övriga användare. Studien inkluderar ett metodiskt arbete genom litterära studier inom rumsliga element, kognition och perception, det lärande rummet med utgångspunkt i barns lärande, multimodalitet, rumsupplevelser och miljöpsykologi. Samt en platsanalys, ett frågeformulär, en kvalitativ intervju med experter och en deltagande workshop med studiens målgrupp. Detta i syfte att få en djupare förståelse för problematiken kring rummet, användaren och kontexten de verkar i för att besvara studiens frågeställning. Utifrån insamlade teorier och empiri formgavs ett exemplifierande gestaltningsförslag, där miljörummet av ett flerbostashus i Eskilstuna omgestaltades. Gestaltningsförslaget förhåller sig till barnens perspektiv och förutsättningar, med målet om att skapa en inkluderande, lärande och levande plats – där barnen inkluderas tidigt och blir en del av miljöarbetet för en bättre framtid.
This is a thesis specializing in Spatial design in the field of Information Design. The purpose of the study is to examine how a multimodal and visual design of today's rooms for recycling can affect children's spatial experiences and lead to a higher degree of accessibility and inclusive for children and other users of the room. The study includes a methodological work through literary studies on spatial elements, cognition and perception, the learning spaces based on children's learning, multimodality, spatial experiences, and environmental psychology. As well as a place analysis, a survey, a qualitative interview with experts, a participatory workshop with the study's target group. This to gain an in-depth understanding of the problems surrounding the room, the user, and the context in which they operate to answer the study's question at issue. Based on collected theories and empirical data, a exemplifying design proposal was designed, in which the environmental space of an apartment building in Eskilstuna was redesigned. The design proposal relates to the children's perspective and conditions, with the goal of creating an inclusive, learning and living place – where the children are included early and become part of the environmental work for a better future.

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Lindberg, Viola, and Michaela Ekström. ""Är man tjej får man inte ta plats, man får inte vara kaxig" : En kvalitativ studie om hur boxarna Mikaela Laurén och Klara Svensson framställs i svensk kvällspress." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59803.

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The aim of this bachelor thesis was to examine how Swedish tabloids portrayed Sweden’s greatest female boxers Mikaela Laurén and Klara Svensson the time before and the time after their great meeting at Hovet the 10th of September. We examined the following questions: Which gender roles are given to Sweden’s greatest female boxers Mikaela Laurén and Klara Svensson in Swedish tabloids and how is the interplay between media and the figures in the text described in the Swedish tabloids? We used narrative analysis to investigate 14 texts from Aftonbladet and Expressen which were related to the match at Hovet. We found that the two boxers were portrayed differently. Laurén was portrayed as the bad girl who had to fight hard to get to where she is. She is tough and she is the one that comes with mean comments and gives media the real intrigues and she likes to use props. She believes she has a greater purpose, to get female boxing acknowledged on the media agenda. Svensson is portrayed as the good girl, she is more girly and is portrayed as if she seems to think that she is a better person than Laurén and therefore pity her when Laurén creates drama in the media. Svensson tries to convince the media that she is a tough girl but is still portrayed as more girly. Both Laurén and Svensson were also portrayed with their roles outside of boxing, as girlfriends which is common for female athletes. The meeting seems to be perfect for both the media and the boxers team. The meeting is portrayed as the final battle between good and evil.

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Forsgren, Ögren Amanda, and Elfride Mihlberg. "“Alla ska våga ta plats och ansvar för att krossa glastaket” : En kvalitativ studie om vilka organisatoriska förutsättningar kvinnor i chefspositioner inom telekombranschen anser krävs för att nå toppen." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-188326.

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Under de senaste decennierna har uttrycket glastaket, den låga representationen av kvinnor i chefspositioner, fått stor uppmärksamhet. Syftet med denna studie är att studera de organisatoriska förutsättningar som kvinnor i chefspositioner inom telekombranschen upplever krävs för att krossa glastaket. Avsikten är att studera om dessa förutsättningar är mest kulturella eller strukturella samt vilket förhållande som finns mellan dessa. Det teoretiska ramverket berör tre huvudsakliga begrepp, tokenism, tillit och innovation som är centrala för att förstå hur organisationer aktivt kan skapa förutsättningar för att krossa glastaket. Tokenism innebär att organisationer inom en mansdominerad bransch använder kvinnor som en “symbol” utåt istället för att försöka ändra den mansdominerade kulturen. Tillit och innovation innebär att individer som får tillit från sin chef är mer produktiva och har positiva effekter på deras prestation. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och baseras på sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor i chefspositioner inom telekombranschen som ligger till grund för resultatet och analysen. Resultatet visar att de förutsättningar som kvinnor i chefspositioner inom telekombranschen anser krävs för att krossa glastaket är att få vara delaktig i organisationen samt få tillit och förtroende av sin chef. En annan förutsättning är att organisationer i mansdominerade branscher aktivt ska försöka ändra deras kultur och göra den mer öppen för kvinnor. Resultatet visar även att inga strukturella förutsättningar kommer att fungera utan en vilja att förändra kulturen inom organisationen.

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Engberg, Sofia, and Frida Eriksson. ""Det är ju ett inflytande att jag får finnas, jag ska få ta plats och jag ska få vara den jag är i förskolan" : En etnografisk studie av barns inflytande i samlingen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45276.

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Fagerström, Christina. "Beaker-kulturernas ursprungs-ID." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-832.

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This essay aims to investigate the use of an origin-ID within the Beaker Complex, as defined by John C. Barrett, seen through their different expressions of use in ceramic form and ornamentation, architecture and landscape through time and space with special emphasis on the late Neolihtics in the South of England. The analytic vehicle "the reinforcing circle" is used as a new diffusion model suggested by Stuart Needham, and the analytic tool "incubation" is used to structure the process the Beaker-cultures may have used to reach cultural hegemony. Id est, that the Beaker-cultures socially invites already existing cultures, offering within family and trading the results of new technologies. And/or, occupy the space and use the authority needed by re-writing the narrative as seen in the grave use and grave deposits. The use of a Beaker origin-ID is identified as a peaceful strategy to successfully implement and fullfill a process towards cultural hegemony in areas in Europe where the Beaker cultures presence over time have been identified.

Uppsatsen är inte paginerad.

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Jeong, Han Koo. "Reliability of laminated composite plates." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/21869/.

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This thesis deals with reliability analysis of laminated composite plates subjected to transverse lateral pressure loads. Input parameters to strengths of the plates such as applied transverse lateral pressure loads, elastic moduli, geometric and ultimate strength values of the plates are treated as basic design variables, and specific probability distributions are applied to them to take into account the variability nature of these basic design variables. Based on the statistical information on the basic design variables, these variables are pseudo-randomly generated in accordance with the corresponding probability distributions by using statistical sampling techniques. Generated random values of the basic design variables corresponding to the applied loads, elastic moduli and geometric values are substituted into various laminated plate theories which can accommodate different lamination schemes and boundary conditions to assess the probabilistic strengths of the plates. The limit state equations are developed by using maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, Tsai-Wu, Hoffman and Azzi-Tsai-Hill failure criteria. Calculated probabilistic plate strengths and generated random values of the ultimate strength basic design variables of the plates are substituted into the developed limit state equations to define the failure or survival state of the plates. In solving the limit state equations, structural reliability techniques are adopted and evolved appropriately for the reliability analysis of the plates. Developed reliability analysing algorithms are applied to laminated plates from experiment to check its validity. Finally, the EUROCOMP Design Code is compared with the developed reliability analysis procedures by applying the both approaches to the strengths of laminated plates.

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Putra, Azma. "Sound radiation from perforated plates." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63161/.

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Perforated plates are quite often used as a means of engineering noise control to reduce the sound radiated by structures. However, there appears to be a lack of representative models to determine the sound radiation from a perforated plate. The aim of this thesis is to develop such a model that can be used to give quantitative guidance corresponding to the design and effectiveness of this noise control measure. Following an assessment of various models for the radiation efficiency of an unbaffled plate, Laulagnet’s model is implemented. Results are calculated and compared with those for baffled plates. From this, simple empirical formulae are developed and give a very good agreement with the analytical result. Laulagnet’s model is then modified to include the effect of perforation in terms of a continuously distributed surface impedance to represent the holes. This produces a model for the sound radiation from a perforated unbaffled plate. It is found that the radiation efficiency reduces as the perforation ratio increases or as the hole size reduces. An approximate formula for the effect of perforation is proposed which shows a good agreement with the analytical calculation up to half the critical frequency. This could be used for an engineering application to predict the noise reduction due to perforation. The calculation for guided-guided boundary conditions shows that the radiation efficiency of an unbaffled plate is not sensitive to the edge conditions. It is also shown that perforation changes the plate bending stiffness and mass and hence increases the plate vibration. The situation is also considered in which a perforated unbaffled plate is located close to a reflecting rigid surface. This is established by modifying the Green’s function in the perforated unbaffled model to include an imaginary source to represent the reflected sound. The result shows that the presence of the rigid surface reduces the radiation efficiency at low frequencies. The limitation of the assumption of a continuous acoustic impedance is investigated using a model of discrete sources. The perforated plate is discretised into elementary sources representing the plate and also the holes. It is found that the uniform surface impedance is only valid if the hole distance is less than an acoustic wavelength for a vibrating rectangular piston and less than half an acoustic wavelength for a rectangular plate in bending vibration. Otherwise, the array of holes is no longer effective to reduce the sound radiation. Experimental validation is conducted using a reciprocity technique. A good agreement is achieved between the measured results and the theoretical calculation for both the unbaffled perforated plate and the perforated plate near a rigid surface.

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32

Setiawan, Rachman. "Composite plate mechanical characterisation through dynamic tests." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/47536/.

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A reliable and efficient method for characterising the mechanical properties of composite plates has been developed. The effective mechanical properties of the composite plate are estimated from its natural frequencies, which are measured experimentally. Initially, the possibility of applying various combinations of boundary conditions is explored through the use of knife-edge supports in the context of a multi-step characterisation approach. Since the simulation of simple support conditions requires significant time and effort to achieve accuracy and repeatability, the totally free-edge condition is adopted, which is commonly accepted as simple and reliable. The characterisation approach based on free plate vibration experiments is designed for applications involving a large number of specimens with identical geometry. While it is feasible to expand it so that it would be applicable to a more complicated specimen geometry, the method has been demonstrated with plate specimens. The characterisation procedure is based upon iterative minimisation of the sum of the squared differences between the measured natural frequencies and those corresponding to the updated material prediction. Similar approaches reported in the literature use a full-scale dynamic analysis in order to predict frequencies, resulting in a time consuming characterisation process. The application of such an approach to a large number of specimens with a complicated geometry would require finite element analysis, thus lengthening further the characterisation process. This thesis addresses this issue by making use of metamodelling for approximating the relationship between the material properties and the corresponding natural frequencies. This results in a much quicker in-situ characterisation process. The metamodels are based on radial basis functions, with the training data selected using a forward subset selection method. The procedure is applied to characterising four epoxy/glass composite specimens and the results are compared with those from static tests. Inaccuracies in both dynamic and static test measurements as well as in metamodelling are considered as potential sources of error in material properties prediction. A further refinement of the strategy also accounts for mode shape information whereby the error minimisation is carried out over the frequencies belonging to similar modes. The strategy has been demonstrated successfully through simulated data with most of the properties predicted with a high degree of accuracy and in short characterisation time. The discussion on scope for further enhancement of the proposed strategy is primarily focused on possible refinements of metamodelling and on improvements in experimental techniques and apparatus in order to achieve even higher accuracy in frequency predictions and measurements, respectively.

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33

Kakimpa, Bruce. "The numerical simulation of plate-type windborne debris flight." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12376/.

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Wind borne debris is one of the principal causes of building envelope failure during severe storms. It is often of interest in windstorm risk modelling to estimate the potential flight trajectories and impact energy of a piece of debris. This thesis presents research work aimed at the development and validation of a numerical model for the simulation of plate-type windborne debris. While a number of quasi-steady analytical models are available at present, these models are unable to account for the fluid-plate interaction in highly unstable flows. The analytical models are also limited to simple launch flow conditions and require extensive a-priori knowledge of the debris aerodynamic characteristics. In addition, the use of Euler angle parametrisations of orientation in the analytical models results in mathematical singularities when considering 3D six degree-of-freedom motion. To address these limitations, a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is sequentially coupled with a quaternion based singularity-free six degree of freedom Rigid Body Dynamics (RBD) model in order to successfully simulate the flight of plate-type windborne debris. The CFD-RBD model is applied to the numerical investigation of the flow around static, forced rotating, autorotating and free-flying plates as well as the treatment of complex launch conditions. Key insights into the phenomena of plate autorotation are highlighted including the genesis of the aerodynamic damping and acceleration torques that make autorotation possible. The CFD-RBD model is then validated against measurements of rotational speed and surface pressure obtained from recent autorotation experiments. Subsequently a general 3D spinning mode of autorotation is demonstrated and the CFD-RBD model is extended to include plate translation in order to simulate windborne debris flight. Using the CFD-RBD flight model, a parametric study of windborne debris flight is carried out and four distinct flight modes have been identified and are discussed. The flight results are contrasted against available free-flight experiments as well as predictions from existing quasi-steady analytical models and an improved quasi-steady force model based on forced rotation results is proposed. The resulting CFD-RBD model presents the most complete numerical approach to the simulation of plate-type windborne debris, directly simulating debris aerodynamics, and incorporates complex launch flow fields in the initial conditions.

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34

Booth, Diccon Philip Paul. "Fatigue of friction stir welded AA2024-T351 plate." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/363704/.

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The fatigue crack initiation and propagation characteristics of Friction Stir Welds (FSW) and 13mm gauge 2024-T351 A1 alloy have been studied. Two failure locations have been identified: outside the weld nugget region and over the nugget region. The study shows that when failure occurs outside the nugget, fatigue crack growth is essentially conventional (mode I dominated), with initiation from S-phase particles. For failures over the nugget region initiations were linked to coarse intermetallics associated with macroscopic discontinuities in the weld flow pattern; with subsequent crack growth being seen to follow the curve of the banded structure within the weld nuggets region. A variety of microstructural and micromechanical contributions to fatigue failure have been identified, including the roles of local matrix ageing characteristics, intermetallic particle size and distributions, local flow stress characteristics and the residual stress distributions. The effect of varying the welding parameters has also been studied in partial penetration 25mm gauge 2024-T351 Al alloy. Again, two failure locations have been identified: outside the weld nugget region and over the nugget region. Outside the nugget exhibited essentially conventional (mode I dominated) crack growth, with initiation occurring at S-phase particles. Failure over the nugget only occurred in samples from the slower of the two welding speeds, initiation was identified with linear defects at, or just below, the surface. Again a variety of microstructural and micromechanical facts were identified as having an influence on the subsequent growth, in particular the marked deflection from a conventional mode I path. The failure location however did not appear to significantly alter fatigue lives.

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Achintha, Paththini Marakkala Mithila. "Fracture analysis of debonding mechanism for FRP plates." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240575.

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Inevitable flaws in the concrete-FRP interface govern plate debonding, and are not amenable to finite element analysis because the models require far more detail than will ever be available for the interface. This thesis describes a global-energy-balance based fracture-mechanics model for the debonding mechanism of externally bonded FRP plates attached to concrete beams. The model investigates the possible propagation of an existing interface crack by considering the energy balance of the beam during a small potential crack extension. The crack will extend if the energy release rate is greater than the interface fracture energy. Despite the fact that the crack-tip stress field is not amenable to precise analysis, its influence on the energy balance of the beam is insignificant because of the small volume of the "uncertain zone", whereas the crack tip stress field would solely govern an analysis based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. The plate end and the locations where the widening of flexural and flexural/shear cracks cause interface flaws are the most likely locations for the initiation of debonding. The model analyses debonding that initiates from either location. With the small extension of the interface crack the compatibility between the beam and the FRP alters, consequently causing changes in the stress states, and hence the energy states, of zones in the vicinity of the crack. The change in energy state of a beam section upon interface crack extension is determined from a modified version of Branson's model. The strain state when the FRP is fully or partly debonded needs to be considered. The mechanics of stress transfer from the concrete to the FRP differs from that with conventional steel reinforcing bars for which the accuracy of the original Branson's model was validated. So, the moment-curvature model considers the force in the FRP as an external compressive force on the concrete beam section; the separation of the effects of the axial force and the moment is achieved by defining an equivalent centroid. Debonding will propagate in whichever of the concrete, adhesive, or at an interface that provides the least resistance; thus, the interface fracture energy is that of the weakest phase. Experimental observations confirm that the concrete substrate just above the interface is most likely to fail, in particular when the FRP manufacturer-recommended adhesives are used with appropriate curing procedures. Fracture energy of concrete is determined from Hillerborg's cohesive-crack-model-based experimental and approximate theoretical models. Premature debonding propagation within the adhesive layer can also be analysed but the knowledge of that fracture energy is required. The energy release rate is calculated for assumed interface crack lengths and locations, from which the critical state is determined when it equals the interface fracture energy. Comparisons with test data reported in the literature demonstrate that the model is accurate for all modes of plate debonding. The analysis gives the critical plate curtailment location and the critical crack length which trigger debonding at the plate end and in the high moment zone respectively. The model allows for the inclusion of all properties of the concrete beam, adhesive, FRP and the loading arrangement and hence can be used as an optimisation tool in design. The model also provides a framework for the design of more complex real -life applications, and highlights subjects that require further research.

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36

Almuslmani, Bandar Saleh. "Estimation of Arabian rigid plate motion and strain rate accumulation within the Arabian plate using GPS measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30920/.

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The Arabian plate is classified as medium sized. It is surrounded by the Nubian, Somalian, Eurasian and Indian plates. Previous investigations of present-day kinematics of the Arabian plate using GPS measurements were primarily obtained from stations located on surrounding plates, with few stations actually located on the Arabian plate itself. Due to the inhomogeneous distribution of these GPS stations and the fact that some of these were actually located in the plate boundary zone, the motion of Arabia was only sensed in a few locations of the rigid plate interior. Through the establishment of GPS networks in Saudi Arabia, the aim of this study was to compute an updated estimate for the absolute and relative motion of the Arabian plate Euler pole and rotation rate. Then to investigate, at the regional scale, the strain rate accumulation within the Arabian plate. Then, to investigate, at a local scale, the strain rate accumulation in the tectonically active south-western part of Saudi Arabia. The results of this study are on absolute motion model for the Arabian plate which is significantly different from those obtained in previous studies, as a result of the number of stations used and their distribution. This does not mean that the previous studies were in error, but that they suffered from a lack of evenly distributed geodetic data for Arabia. Hence, this study result is a new contribution to the knowledge of Arabian plate motion. The results of this study for the relative motion model of the Arabian plate with respect to the Eurasian, Nubian and Somalian plates confirms the results from previous studies, and confirms that the Arabian plate motion is slowing down. This study has also shown that, in general, the strain values are low in most of the Arabian plate, where there is a compression in the north-east to south-west directions and an extension in the north-west to south-east direction, except in two areas, the north-west, close to the Aqaba Gulf and the Dead Sea fault, and the southwest where there are high strain values and variable directions for the principle strain. Furthermore, this study agrees with geologic studies in that there is a compression north-east to south-west and extension north-west to south-east between Farasan Island and the coast of the Red Sea.

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37

Kuhs, Simone. "It must be a bad child." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7182.

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It must be a bad child I build rooms, installations, where I combine objects into scenes. This scene is an attempt to portray feelings and mental states surrounding sexual abuse. I'm building a girls' room, but it's more of a psychological place than a real room. I want to let the girl take place and show a trauma that lives in the hidden, depending on the environment not seeing, in the public space. It's about living with memories of a trauma in a traumatized body. I place two larger sculptures in the installation, a girl and a woman, who share the (mental) room. Selection of materials is an important part of my practice. In my installations there is almost always a feeling of discomfort, that things are not what they seem at first. I use the expectations that exist around different materials and what they symbolize and create uncertainty in the room by, for example, giving them new places and functions. I use film to get movement into the installation. The sculptures come to life through the film. The film contains no sound when I see the state I portray as silent.

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38

Clubley, Simon. "Computational structural analysis and testing of Bi-Steel plate." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/340969/.

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Bi-Steel panels are a new composite construction system developed by Corus formerly British Steel Plc. The comprise of steel plates permanently coupled by a matrix of transverse friction welded rods with a concrete in-fill. Numerical modelling using finite element analysis has been conducted on Bi-Steel plates with and without in-filled concrete. The results of non-linear analysis are compared with new and existing experimental data. Both material and geometrical non-linearity were considered in the computer analysis. The shear strength and deformation capacity of the Bi-Steel unit subject to push-out load is discussed. The steel and concrete interface is considered extensively in a series of contact studies. A range of element types is used to examine the effect of modelling the interface as a smeared or discrete contact. Mathematical modelling is used in conjunction with experimental data to validate solution accuracy. The inclusion of a smeared cracking and crushing mechanism has allowed the accurate modelling of concrete. A new method of differential smeared element reinforcement is proposed to maximise accuracy and numerical stability. The failure of a panel subject to an applied bending force is analysed to determine the combined effect of flexure and shear. Finally, a design model has been suggested to calculate the shear strength and deformation capacity of any section size. This research has indicated that Bi-Steel bars and plates have significant shear strength. The shear strength is affected by several important parameters. These include plate spacing, bar spacing and bar diameter. From load-deformation relationships it can be seen that Bi-Steel plates have high ductility and deformation capacity. For very thick plates (>12mm), the failure can be brittle if bar numbers are small. The failure will be initiated by shear failure at the weld interface.

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39

Chow, Leung Choi. "Damping of plates with attached fluid or elastic layers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/52269/.

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The thesis is in three parts. The first is a theoretical and experimental investigation of squeeze-film damping on plates separated by gas, for example. air. For this study a thick excited plate was attached to an auxiliary plate parallel to the surface, thereby trapping a thin layer of air. Relative vibration of these two plates pumps this air at high velocities, resulting in energy loss due to air viscosity. The theory employs an impedance approach to predict the loss factor of the coupled plates. Below the excited plate critical frequency the damping is controlled by gas pumping, while above the critical frequency the plate couplings are the controlling factor. Theoretical predictions were compared with experimental measurements. A brief examination of the bolting effect on the loss factor was also conducted. The second part is a theoretical and experimental investigation of squeeze-film damping on plates separated by heavy fluid, for example, oil. The attached plate can be either perforated or unperforated. The ratio of fluid dynamic viscosity to density controls the losses. Viscosity was artificially increased by inserting porous materials into the oil layer. The properties of the porous materials were obtained from macroscopic flow resistance measurements. Theoretical modelling of the loss factor of these layered configurations with oil alone and with oil impregnated porous material were conducted using the impedance approach and compared with experimental measurements. The third part is a theoretical and experimental investigation of granular infill damping treatments on plates. Sand was used in the experiments and the bulk and shear elastic constants were measured when the sand was subjected to varying hydrostatic pressures. Both the dilatational and rotational motions in the granular layer were considered and the loss factor predictions were compared with measured results.

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40

Abdulrahman, Nasser A. H. "Load transfer mechanism in punched metal plate timber connections." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2002. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6193.

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The load capacity of the punched metal plate timber joints is established, in general, by empirical means as a result of destructive testing in accordance with relevant national standards. The basis of tests is tensile or compressive loading applied parallel and perpendicular to the grain of the timber. In general, the design-analyses of trusses are based on the assumption that joints behave as pins due to the concentration of fasteners in a small area limiting the moment arm. A number of testing methods and apparatus were developed to determine the behaviour of the punched metal plate timber joints under different types of loading (tension,compression and moment). A combined programme of experimental and analytical work was carried out to evaluate the semi-rigid characteristics of the punched metal plate timber joints with respect to the level of translation and rotational rigidity under short term loading. The effects of different parameters such as load and deformation rates, number and length of bites, thickness of the plates and the orientation of the plates and timber grains were considered. The load-displacement and moment-rotation characteristics were studied and empirical models were developed to simulate displacements up to failure loads. The study results show that the strength and stiffness of the joints can be expressed in terms of connector parameters. Increasing deformation rate, number of bites, length of bites, thickness of the plates and decreasing plate and grain orientations would increase the strength and stiffness of the joints. Also, the results show that the punched metal plate connections can possess a considerable moment capacity. A statistical technique was used to classify the level of importance of parameters such as number of bites, length of bites and grain direction on the performance of the punched metal plate timber joints. All the specimens were tested under both tension and compression loads up to failure. From the tests and analysis carried out it was found that the grain direction had significant effect on the performance of the joints under tensile loading and the effectiveness of the grain direction was less when joints were subjected to compressive loading. There was a strong indication that the effect of the number of bites was dominant when joints were subjected to compressive loading. A design flowchart for punched metal plate timber joints is provided incorporating the research findings into a design/analysis process.

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41

Cafolla, Janka. "Corrugated webs and lateral restraints in plate girders for bridges." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36228/.

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In the thesis two problems have been studied: the first one is the use of corrugated webs in plate girders for composite bridges; the second one is the study of lateral restraints in composite bridges. In structural design corrugated webs are frequently used in beams for buildings in Sweden. They have also been used in four bridges in France and two in Japan. The shear stresses of corrugated panels were the main subject of previous studies. This thesis deals with local flange buckling of beams with corrugated webs. Computer analyses give a ratio of areas for use in design of the compressed flange. The validity of this ratio is confirmed by experimental work undertaken on five specimens (two of them loaded by bending only; three loaded by a combination of bending and shear). The interaction between the local buckling of the flange and web buckling is examined. A formula for calculating the effective shear modulus is given. The possible methods of fabrication of a cambered beam with a corrugated web are shown here and the problems which could arise are discussed. There is also a comparison between the design of an existing bridge and a new design where a plane web in a plate girder is replaced by a corrugated web. The second part of the thesis contains computational investigations of the lateral restraints in composite plate girder bridges. This method of investigation is more appropriate than laboratory testing, due to the difficulty of fabricating steelwork to maximum permitted imperfections. Numerical elastic finite element analyses with geometric non—linear facilities are used on a relevant part of the structure (a compressed flange) that has the maximum allowed geometric imperfections. The F— forces in elastic lateral restraints modelled by spring elements are then determined. This study concentrates particularly on design forces for bracings at the supports of simply—supported and continuous composite UB and plate girder bridges.

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42

Benterkia, Zoubir. "End-plate connections and analysis of semi-rigid steel frames." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4248/.

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The thesis examines the behaviour of end-plate connections and the related topic of analysis of unbraced semi-rigid steel plane frames with criteria for their design. The static moment-rotation behaviour is investigated for connections consisting of bolted flexible end-plates, flush and extended end-plates, between I-section members, where the beams frame into the flanges of the columns. Attention is focussed on moment-rotation characteristics as this is the most important influence on the response of either individual members or complete frames. The non-linear nature of these characteristics is identified and methods of representing moment-rotation curves for subsequent use in analytical procedures are presented. A data base for such types of connection is created. An established computer program for second-order frame analysis has been extended to frames with semi-rigid connections. Successive estimates are made of the secant stiffness of these connections to represent their effect on frame behaviour. The analysis program has been used to study the effects of semi-rigid joints on frame behaviour. Studies have been carried out to extend the Merchant-Rankine formula for the assessment of the ultimate load of frames with semi-rigid joints over the application range of which was until now restricted to frames with rigid joints. A parameter entitled 'degree of flexibility' is introduced as a measure of the effect of semi-rigid joints on the stiffness of the frame. Within the limits of the study, it is demonstrated that the second-order effects will not be significant if the semi-rigid elastic critical load exceeds ten times the design load, and the degree of flexibility is less than 50%. This last requirement was satisfied by extended end-plate beam-to-column connections. It has also been found that, under combined loading, the serviceability limit on sway is likely to control design, rather than ultimate strength. Based on experimental and theoretical studies, it is recommended that the BS5950 simplified method should permit 20% end-restraint, which would improve significantly the attractiveness of the method.

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Underwood, Nicholas. "Pulse pressure testing and analysis of steel plates with openings." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/15273/.

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Steel plates are widely used in a variety of civil engineering applications for load bearing structural components, due to their favourable strength to weight ratio. Many of these plates have openings that are commonly used for reducing weight, access for utilities or for inspection in shipping and offshore installations. However the influence of these openings to the structural component’s robustness and resilience against blast loading is relatively unknown, with limited research conducted in this subject to date. Due to the high costs associated with offshore facilities they are typically very congested. This coupled with the producing, processing, storing and transporting of hydrocarbon materials means that explosions and subsequent fires are major hazards with severe consequences. In the event of an explosion, the blast load will initially impact the secondary structure (large spanning plated sections) and then transfer through to the primary structure, highlighting their critical consideration in safety assessments. Plated structures are also known to cause confinement, which in turn will results in higher overpressures, making the consequences of an event more severe. The aim of this research was to investigate the combined influence that openings have on the overpressure and the structural response of thin ductile plates subjected to extreme dynamic transverse loads. This was achieved by conducting a set of well-defined experiments investigating the response of 1/8 scale (0.5 m square) mild steel plates with openings subjected to pulse pressure loading. Six central (scaled) openings were considered; circular (50, 75 and 100 mm) and extended circular (50 by 75, 75 by 100 and 100 by 125 mm) representative of typical offshore and shipping applications. Each plate design was assessed with two boundary conditions (restrained and non-restrained) and two nominal loading conditions. The boundary conditions adopted in this study allowed the response to be bounded, and enabled them to be practicably modelled in FEA-analyses and in the simplified analytical approaches. A pulse pressure test facility was used to generate nominal pulse pressure loads (25 and 50 psi) applied over a time (100 to 200+ ms load duration) representative of extreme explosion loading conditions offshore. All plates exhibited a mode I type failure (large inelastic deformation) highlighting the large reserve strength in such members. The work has shown that the inclusion of an opening (<5% of the exposed panel area) does not significantly degrade the structural resistance when damage is restricted to large inelastic deformation. The reduction in stiffness due to the hole is compensated by the reduced area to which the load is applied. The data generated in the laboratory tests was used to develop and validate finite element models. In general, excellent correlation was observed between the experimental failure modes and the permanent displacements, within an average difference of 12% and 15% for the restrained and non-restrained plates respectively. The finite element models also provided a useful insight into the various failure processes and transient behaviour which could not be observed experimentally. A simplified analytical model was developed to predict the response of the plates and was validated against the experimental data. The results for the permanent displacements compared favourably with the restrained plates at the two nominal pressures (6.5% at 25 psi and 7% at 50 psi), but correlated less well with the non- restrained ones (10% at 25 psi and 3% at 50 psi). Correct definition of support conditions along with a detailed description of the development of plasticity, as shown in the finite element models was fundamental in accurately predicting response of the non-restrained plates. The simplified techniques developed are cost effective compared with more sophisticated finite element methods making them suitable for preliminary engineering design studies. Ultimately this study provides evidence to suggest that small (circular or extended circular) openings positioned away from areas of high stress, could be used as a passive system to mitigate the influences of an explosion event offshore. This has many benefits in the form of reducing weight, reducing confinement (thus lowering overpressures) and reducing the loading applied to these members, and subsequently reducing the loading transferred through to the primary structure.

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44

Mohamed, S. S. "Iterative learning control of multivariable plants." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2148/.

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In recent years, many researchers have proposed different iterative learning controllers, which unfortunately mostly require that the plants under control be regular. Therefore, in order to remove this limitation, various analogue and digital iterative learning controllers are proposed in this thesis. Indeed, it is shown that analogue iterative learning controllers can be designed for plants with any order of irregularity using initial state shifting or initial impulsive action. However, such analogue controllers have to be digitalised for purpose of implementation. In addition, in the synthesis of their control laws, such controllers require some knowledge of the plants' Markov parameters. Ilerefore, new digital iterative learning controllers are proposed. Such digital controllers circumvent the need for detailed mathematical models of the plants in any form. Indeed, the proposed digital iterative learning controllers rely on input/output data in the synthesis of their control laws. It is shown that digital iterative learning controllers can be readily designed for multivariable plants of any order or irregularity using only such input/output data in the form of step-responsem atrices. The learning rates achievable in both the analogue and digital iterative learning control of linear multivariable plants are investigated. It is shown that the irregularity and stability characteristics of the plants under control impose severe constrains on the achievable learning rates. Indeed, it is shown that the learning parameter in the case of digital iterative learning controllers increases as the order of plant irregularity increases. This increase in the learning parameter affects the learning performance and the speed of convergence adversely. This discovery led to the introduction of compensators in the design of digital iterative learning controllers for irregular plants which help to improve the learning performance and convergence by reducing the effective learning parameter. Since such digital iterative learning controllers use stepresponse matrices in the synthesis of their control laws and since the step-response characteristics can be identified in real time, it is shown in this thesis that iterative learning controllers can readily be rendered adaptive in case plant dynamics are initially unknown or time-varying. In order to demonstrate the applicability of these results to the control of robotic manipulators, both analogue and digital iterative learning controllers are designed for a two-link manipulator in both joint and task spaces. Finally, digital iterative learning controllers are designed and practically implemented in the real-time positional control of a dc servo actuator.

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Cherukunnath, Neeraj Narayanan. "Analysis of laminated plates using boundary element method." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/45936/.

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Formulations and implementations of the Boundary Element Method (BEM) for bending, membrane stress, buckling and post-buckling analyses of laminated plates are presented. Symmetrically laminated plates are assumed for which the bending-stretching coupling is absent. From the generalized Rayleigh-Green identity corresponding to the plate-bending problem, boundary integral equations are derived using the appropriate fundamental solution. Integral equations are transformed into a system of equations in matrix form by introducing boundary element interpolation models. Linear and quadratic discontinuous boundary elements are employed combined with special schemes for the approximation of jump terms at corners. Singular integrals over elements containing the source point are evaluated from closed-form expressions derived through analytical integration. Using the stress function concept, it is shown that the membrane stress analysis due to arbitrary in-plane loading is mathematically equivalent to plate bending problem. Based on this similarity a new boundary element formulation is developed for the prediction of membrane stresses in a laminated plate. The same fundamental solution, which was used for plate bending problem, is used with the replacement of flexural coefficients with extensional compliance coefficients. A new formulation for the buckling analysis, which is similar to that for the plate bending problem, leads to integral equations with an irreducible domain integral depending on the plate deflection. Boundary modelling is combined with deflection modelling over the plate so that three integral equations are approximated as a discrete system of equations forming an eigenvalue problem from which the critical load is evaluated. This approach removes the need for integral equations involving the domain curvatures yielding directly the buckling mode of the plate. Formulations of membrane stress and bending analyses are expanded by including the nonlinear terms arising from large deflections and combined for the development of an incremental algorithm predicting the post-buckling behaviour of laminate plate. The C codes implementing the solution algorithms are applied to several benchmark problems involving orthotropic and general anisotropic plates and BEM predictions are compared with solutions available from the literature or obtainable through a general-purpose finite element package.

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Najafi, Ali A. "End plate connections and their influence on steel and composite structures." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73493/.

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The structural members of steel frames are jointed by connections. These connections are neither rigid nor pinned but semi-rigid. The performance of steel structures is highly influenced by the behaviour of connections which is characterized by the moment-rotation curve. This thesis studies the effects of semi-rigid connections on steel and composite steel-concrete frames, in particular the behaviour and influence of end plate connections. The first part of the thesis concerns the performance of unbraced planar steel frames with semi-rigid joints. Several aspects are investigated, concerned mainly with the serviceability limit state. Using the definition given in Eurocode 3 for a rigid connection, it is suggested that the conventional limit for the sway angle should be relaxed by 10% when the rotational behaviour of the joints is included in the analysis. For frames designed by the wind-moment method, it is proposed that deflections based on the assumption of rigid joints should be increased by 50% to allow for the connection flexibility. An approximate method, in which the stiffness of beams are reduced to account for joint flexibility, was found to be sufficiently accurate if deflections based on semi-rigid behaviour were to be calculated. Finally, studies on the ultimate limit state show that the resistance of a joint has significant effect on the collapse load of a frame, compared to the more modest influence of joint flexibility. The second part of the thesis concerns the behaviour of composite connections in braced frames. This part consists of a concise collection of the available experimental data, a description of the test programme conducted by the author, a proposed method for prediction of connection stiffness and studies on redistribution of moments in composite beams. Eleven tests have been carried out on bare steel and composite end plate joints. Their moment-rotation behaviour is recorded and the influence of variables on the joint stiffness is pointed out. These variables are the amount of reinforcement in the concrete slab, the type of steelwork connection and the beam depth. Increase in the amount of reinforcement increases significantly the moment resistance of the composite joint but does not influence its initial stiffness. I % reinforcement with respect to the area of concrete slab is proposed to be used for an efficient design. The increase in the depth of steel section increases the moment resistance and stiffness of composite connection but reduces its rotation,capacity. The effect of semi-rigid composite connections on column stability is also studied and a value of 0.75 is proposed as the effective length factor for columns. The proposed method for prediction of connection behaviour is shown to be in satisfactory agreement with the test results. From the final studies in Part Two formulae are proposed for calculation of the required rotation capacity of composite connections.

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47

Scarbrough, David. "Desire, dialogue, and the highest good : a comparative study of the Bhagavad Gītā and Plato's Euthyphro and Symposium." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683193.

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48

Buck, Alec. "Mathematical modelling of welded pipes and plates using Cosserat theory." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/50643/.

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Creep deformation in welded pipes and plates is of particular importance in the power industries. Most failures of welded pipes occur in the type IV region at the boundary with the parent material, which is relatively much harder. This thesis extends the work of Nicol (1985), Hawkes (1989) and Newman (1993) on the Cosserat theory of plates and shells, and has two major aims. The first is to develop the work of Hawkes to model successfully the strain rates in four-zone, thickwalled welded pipes. It is possible to determine the effects that the thickness of the pipe wall, the radius of the pipe and the creep index, n, in Norton's law have on the strain-rate distribution throughout the pipe. Using Continuum Damage Mechanics and this Cosserat model, the position and time to rupture in welded pipes is then calculated. The second aim of this thesis is to develop further the initial modelling work of Nicol (1985) and Hawkes (1989) by obtaining some simple perturbation models for both welded pipes and plates. The results obtained with the perturbation solutions are then compared with the numerical solutions of Newman (1993) for a plate and the numerical solutions derived in this thesis for a pipe.

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49

Kaprielian, P. V. "The effect of holes and free edges on the stress in laminated plates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12099/.

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This work is concerned with the study of the mechanical behaviour of elastic laminated plates subjected to different boundary conditions. For the most part, each lamina is taken to be a fibre-reinforced material which contains a family of straight, continuously distributed fibres. When the modulus for extension in the fibre direction of each lamina is large compared with the other moduli, the laminate is termed 'highly anisotropic' and in such cases, approximate solutions can be obtained by treating the individual laminae as 'ideal' materials in the sense that they are inextensible in the fibre direction and also incompressible. In the context of the plane strain bending of a laminated cantilever, we show that the theory for ideal materials predicts the occurrence of singular fibres at the lateral surfaces of the laminate and at the interfaces between the individual laminae. In a highly anisotropic cantilever these fibres correspond to regions of high stress and accordingly a boundary layer theory is developed for these regions. The boundary layer solution, together with the ideal solution, provide a good approximation to the description of the response of the cantilever, but it is found to be inadequate near the intersections of edges and interfaces, and at corners. A separate investigation is made into the asymptotic behaviour of the stress in these regions. The major part of this thesis is concerned with the development of a general theory for laminated plates in stretching or bending. Given a laminate subject to specified boundary conditions, we define a single homogeneous equivalent plate which has material properties obtained. by an appropriate averaging of the material properties of each lamina. The equivalent plate is subjected to the same boundary conditions as the laminate and the equivalent displacements are determined by classical thin plate theory. The theory then assumes that the displacement components in each lamina can be expressed as the sum of the equivalent displacements and correction displacements. The correction solutions satisfy the conditions of displacement and traction continuity across the inter-laminar boundaries and the condition that the lateral surfaces of the plate are free from traction. In the special case of the laminae being isotropic, the solutions given by the theory exactly satisfy the full three-dimensional equations of linear elasticity. When the equivalent displacements are known, the complete solution in each lamina is readily determined and this is illustrated by examples. At the edges of the laminated plate, the prescribed boundary conditions are satisfied only in an average sense and therefore in these regions, an additional correction is required. The deviation of the calculated boundary condition from the specified boundary condition is used to determine the magnitude of this further correction.

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Nayak, Ajaya Kumar. "On dynamic analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates using finite element method." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/43633/.

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Two new multi-layered plate bending elements (DKT/CST and DKT/LST) are developed based on a combination of the three model Discrete Kirchhoff theory (DKT) triangular plate bending element, the three model constant strain triangle (CST) and the six noded linear strain triangle (LST). Both frequency independent and frequency dependent damping of viscoelastic materials are considered. An iterative complex eigensolver is used to compute the natural frequencies and model loss factors. Several bench mark problems are solved using these new multi-layer plate elements. As the plate bending elements previously developed on the basis of Kirchhoff's theory are inadequate for thick plate analysis, several quadrilateral Mindlin plate bending elements are developed to study the behaviour of Mindlin plates. The plate bending elements based on Mindlin theory require shear correction factors in their formulations. Hence two new Co assumed strain finite element formulations of a refined third order theory which does not require shear correction factors, are developed and used to analyse isotropic, orthotropic, and layered anisotropic composite and sandwich plates under free vibration, damping and transient loading conditions. Parametric effects of plate aspect ratio, length to thickness ratio, degree of orthotropy, number of layers and lamination scheme on the natural frequencies (free vibration), model loss factors (damping) and dynamic (transient) responses have been shown. The results presented in this investigation could be useful in better understanding the behaviour of sandwich laminates under dynamic conditions and potentially beneficial for designers of sandwich structures.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ta plats'

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