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CHANNING, A., G. J. MEASEY, A. L. DE VILLIERS, A. A. TURNER, and K. A. TOLLEY. "Taxonomy of the Capensibufo rosei group (Anura: Bufonidae) from South Africa." Zootaxa 4232, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4232.2.11.
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A molecular and morphological study of the Mountain Toadlets, previously included in Capensibufo rosei, showed that there are several previously unrecognised species in this group. We describe three new species from the Hawekwas, Hottentots-Holland, Groenland and Riviersonderend Mountains; the DuToitskloof Mountains, and the Akkedis, Koeël and Kleinriviers Mountains, South Africa. Capensibufo rosei is restricted to the Table Mountain chain of the Cape Peninsula.
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Diamond, R. E., and C. Harris. "Stable isotope constraints on hydrostratigraphy and aquifer connectivity in the Table Mountain Group." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0021.
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Abstract The Table Mountain Group is a folded, faulted, quartzite-dominated sedimentary sequence, metamorphosed to lower greenschist facies, that forms steep mountains dominating the topography of the Western Cape and causing orographic rainfall in an otherwise semi-arid region. These quartzites are highly fractured to depths of kilometres and act as a complex aquifer system that supplies groundwater directly and indirectly, through baseflow, essential for sustaining the natural environment and human activity in the region. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data for rain, rivers and groundwater (boreholes and springs) in the region give typical altitude effects of -1.8‰ δD/100 m and -0.33‰ δ18O/100 m, and a very strong continental effect of -30‰ δD/100 km and -4.7‰ δ18O/100 km. This allows for application of stable isotopes as natural hydrological tracers. Groundwater at several locations had stable isotope compositions different from ambient rainfall, but similar to rainfall at high altitudes in adjacent mountains, indicating recharge at high altitude. The groundwater flow is through the Skurweberg Aquifer, here defined as all three formations of the Nardouw Subgroup. Observations on the Peninsula Aquifer suggest a very well mixed aquifer, due to extensive fracturing. Potential exists to delineate groundwater protection zones, detect overabstraction and understand aquifer connectivity better by applying stable isotope hydrology to the Table Mountain Group.
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Braddy, Simon J., and John E. Almond. "Eurypterid trackways from the Table Mountain Group (Ordovician) of South Africa." Journal of African Earth Sciences 29, no. 1 (July 1999): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5362(99)00087-1.
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Goff, James R., Ian W. Jennings, and Warren W. Dickinson. "Depositional environment of sirius group sediments, table mountain, dry valleys area, antarctica." Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 84, no. 1 (April 2002): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0435-3676.2002.00158.x.
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Cole, Doug. "Heritage stone in Cape Town, South Africa." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486.3.
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AbstractCape Town was founded in 1652 and many of its historical buildings are constructed of local natural stone. Malmesbury Group slate was exploited from 1666 and used to build Cape Town Castle, which is the oldest building in Cape Town. Two other local stones, Cape granite and Table Mountain sandstone were utilized for buildings from 1850. A medium-grained granite named Paarl Grey was exploited from an area adjacent to the town of Paarl, 50 km east of Cape Town, from 1890. This granite is the most extensively-used natural stone in Cape Town.The resource fields of natural stone near Cape Town, namely Malmesbury Group slate, Cape granite and Table Mountain sandstone, lie within the Table Mountain National Park and Robben Island World Heritage Site and can no longer be exploited, but similar resource fields occur outside Cape Town. Paarl Grey granite is still extracted at one quarry and, despite part of the resource field lying within the Paarl Mountain Nature Reserve, there are still sufficient quantities of stone available.From an international perspective, the heritage stones of Cape Town, South Africa, are best considered as having national significance.
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Koroleva, N. E., E. I. Kopeina, A. B. Novakovskiy, and A. D. Danilova. "The syntaxonomy of the grasslands and meadows in mountain tundra of Murmansk Region." Vegetation of Russia, no. 37 (2019): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2019.37.79.
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Grasslandsandmeadowsoccur on seasonally moist and fresh soils, nearsnowfields, temporaryand permanent streams, springs and brooks, in the low and middle mountain ranges in Murmansk Region (Fig. 1). They occupy relatively small areas, but support high diversity of species and represent “lieblichsten Erscheinungen“, as R. Nordhagen (1928: 353) wrote. Syntaxonomy of this vegetation is still not clear and far from unambiguous explanation. From literature, these communities in Fennoscandiаn mountain tundra are related to several classes: Juncetea trifidi, Saliceteaherbaceae, Thlaspietea rotundifolii and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, which differ greatly both to habitats and vegetation. In Russian phytocoenology, some researchers include tundra grasslands with dominance of Nardus stricta and Avenella flexuosa in general typology (Ramenskaya, 1958), along with floodplain and dry grasslands and meadows, but other consider such vegetation in mountain tundra as independent type, related to grasslands and meadows in alpine belt (Gorodkov, 1938; Aleksandrova, 1977). Classification of mountain tundra grasslands and meadows in Murmansk Region based on 103 field descriptions and published relevés, with Braun-Blanquet approach applied. Prodromus of syntaxa is provided. Six vegetation associations were related to 4 alliances and 2 classes, three associations were described as new (Table 1). Ass. Carici bigelowii–Nardetum strictae (Zlatník 1928) Jeník 1961 (Table 2), withdiagnostic species Diphasiastrum alpinum and Nardus stricta, includes early snow-bed, poor of species vegetation with dominance of matgrass N. stricta. Аss. Anthoxantho alpini–Deschampsietum flexuosae Nordh. 1943 (Table 3; Fig. 2), with diagnostic species Anthoxanthum alpinum, Avenella flexuosa, includes early snow-bed grasslands, with dominance of Carex bigelowii, Avenella flexuosa, Anthoxanthum alpinum, and presence of diagnostic species of alliance Phyllodoco–Vaccinion myrtilli (Phyllodoce caerulea, Vaccinium myrtillus). Ass. Salici herbaceae–Caricetum bigelowii Koroleva et Kopeina ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4, holotypus — relevé 8 (84/93)), with diagnostic species Alchemilla alpina, Cardaminebellidifolia, Carex bigelowii (dominant), Diplophyllum taxifolium, Lophozia wenzelii, represents rich of species early snow-bed, with dwarf-shrub- and-grass and moss layers. Ass. Hieracio alpini–Caricetum bigelowii Koroleva et Kopeina ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5, holotypus — relevé 10 (46/01)), with diagnostic species Antennaria dioica, Carex bigelowii (dominant), Hieracium alpinum,includes communities rich of grasses and herbs on south-exposed gentle slopes, near springs and brooks. Аss. Potentillo crantzii–Polygonetum vivipari Nordh. 1928 (Nordhagen, 1928: 356–357: «Potentilla crantzii–Polygonum viviparum Ass.»; Kalliola, 1939: 132–135: «Polygonum viviparum–Thalictrum alpinum-Soz.». Table 6, lectotypus hoc loco — relevé 16), diagnostic species Carex atrata, Cerastium alpinum, Erigeron uniflorus, Festuca vivipara, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Potentilla crantzii, Rhodiola rosea, Saussurea alpina, Thalictrum alpinum, Viola biflora.The association is the holotype of the alliance Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari Nordh. 1937 and includes rich of species low-herb meadows in mountain tundra. Association includes three variants: Oxyria digyna (Table 6, № 1–10; Nordhagen, 1928: 356–357, Table, Bestanden I, II), typica (Table 6, № 11–20; Nordhagen, 1928: 356–357, Table, Bestanden III, IV) and Agrostis borealis (Table 6, № 21–29; Kalliola, 1939: 132–135, Table 19, № 3–11). Ass. Salici reticulatae–Trollietum europaei Koroleva et Kopeina ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 7, holotypus — relevé 10 ( m1/16); Fig. 3) with diagnostic species Geranium sylvaticum, Juncus trifidus, Nardus stricta, Salix reticulata,represents species-rich meadows near springs and on gentle slopes, sometimes with patches of low willows and dwarf birch. The association is transitional to the tall-herb shrubs and forests of alliance Mulgedion alpini, class Mulgedio-Aconitetea. To arrange the syntaxa described in Murmansk Region in higher units correctly, we used the first descriptions of following alliances in Fennoscandia: alliance Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari, incl. Potentilla crantzii–Polygonum viviparum Ass. (Nordhagen, 1928: 356–357, Table, Bestanden I–IV) and Polygonum vivparum–Thalictrum alpinum-Soz. (Kalliola, 1939: 132–133, Table 19, № 3–11); alliance Ranunculo–Poion alpinae, incl. Trollius europaeus-soc. (Gjaerevoll, 1950: 420–421, Table XIII, № 1–10); alliance Deschampsio-Anthoxanthion, incl. ass. Deschampsietum flexuosae and ass. Caricetum bigelowii (ibid.: 393–394, Table I, Stands I–V; 396–397, Table II, Stands I, II); alliance Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae, incl. ass. Oxyrietum digynae (ibid.: 406–407, Table VI, Stands I–III); alliance Kobresio-Dryadion, incl. Carex rupestris–Encalypta rhabdocarpa sos. (Nordhagen, 1943: 576–577, Table 99, Serie I–III) and аss. Dryadetum octopetalae (Nordhagen, 1955: 76–81, Table III, no. 17–33), as well as descriptions of ass. Polygono vivpari–Thalictretum alpini (Kalliola 1939) Koroleva 2006 from the Barents Sea shore. In total 113 relevés were analyzed with use of Program ExStatR (Novakovskiy, 2016) based on the Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS), and hierarchical clustering with grouping by arithmetic means UPGMA. In both methods, the Sjørensen-Chekanovsky coefficient was used as a measure of similarity/distance. All relevés represent rather distinctive groups in ordination space (Fig. 4), with few transitional ones. Two well-expressed gradients explain the variation in grasslands and meadows: (1) snow-depth and calcium-availability and (2) height above the sea level, together with steepness of the slope and coarseness of substrata. On the one end of the axis 2 there are communities of the ass. Carici bigelowii–Nardetum strictae (Table 2; Fig. 4, group 3) with diagnostic species Nardus stricta and Diphasiastrum alpinum. They represent closed and species-poor (39 species in syntaxon, 11 species per relevé in average) mono-dominant vegetation in snow-bed depressions, which are water-inundated in the beginning of the growing season, but dry up quickly. Rather compact group of communities of Kobresio-Dryadion (Fig. 4, groups 14 and 15), described by Nordhagen in Ca-rich habitats in Scandinavian mountains, with constant species Dryas octopetala, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Carexrupestris, Alectoria nigricans, A. ochroleuca, Flavocetraria cucullata and F. nivalis occupies an opposite end. Second gradient (axis 1) starts with meadows associated with the moderate snow and moisture conditions in zonal tundra in Murmansk Region (Fig. 4, group 4: Polygono vivpari–Thalictretum alpini; Koroleva, 2006). It finishes with relevés of Gjaerevoll’s (1950) ass. Oxyrietumdigynae (all. Saxifrago stellaris–Oxyrion digynae), which occurs on stony and moist substrata on steep slopes of high Scandinavian ranges (Fig. 4, group 13). Among constant species there are mosses and liverworts Andreaea rupestris, Anthelia juratzkana, Hymenoloma crispulum,hygro-, and mesophytic herbs Epilobium anagallidifolium and Saxifraga stellaris. In close position on the ordination diagram are early snow-beds in Murmansk Region, ass. Salici herbaceae–Caricetum bigelowii, with diagnostic species Alchemilla alpina, Carex bigelowii, Cardaminebellidifolia, Diplophyllum taxifolium, Lophozia wenzelii (Table 4; Fig. 4, group 1). Ass. Anthoxantho alpini–Deschampsietum flexuosae with diagnostic species Anthoxanthum alpinum, Avenella flexuosa (Table 3; Fig. 4, group 2) comprises vegetation in transitional habitats from late snow-beds to moss-blueberry tundra and has large portion of dwarf shrubs of Phyllodoco–Vaccinion myrtilli. On the ordination diagram, these communities differ from Gjaerevoll’s (1950) relevés of Deschampsio-Anthoxanthion (Fig. 4, group 12); they are ecologically similar with snow-bed communities. Central parts of the both gradients are occupied by the meadows of following associations: Hieracio alpini–Caricetum bigelowii (Table 5; Fig. 4, group 8), Potentillo crantzii–Polygonetum vivipari (Fig. 4, group 6) and Salici reticulatae–Trollietum europaei (Table 7; Fig. 4, group 7). All of them belong to alliance Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari (diagnostic species: Anthoxanthum alpinum, Bartsia alpina, Bistorta vivipara, Distichium capillaceum, Luzula spicata, Poa alpina, Potentilla crantzii, Ranunculus acris, Salix reticulata, Sanionia uncinata, Saussurea alpina, Selaginella selaginoides, Silene acaulis, Taraxacum croceum, Trollius europaeus, Veronica alpina, Viola biflora). They represent the richest tundra meadows (to 134 species in association and 41 species in community), with dominance of mesophytic herbs, high number of dwarf-shrubs, presence of mosses and liverworts. The alliance is well presented on the cluster dendrogram (Fig. 5). The first reference to alliance Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari was published by Nordhagen (1937: 37–43) and contained synoptical table and direct reference to Potentilla crantzii–Polygonum viviparum Ass. (Nordhagen, 1928: 356–357) as the most characteristic type of the alliance. So the alliance could be considered effectively and validly published (ICPN: Art. 1, 2b). Since Potentilla crantzii–Polygonum viviparum Ass. represents the only element published with the valid name with direct reference in the original diagnosis of the alliance, it must therefore be accepted as the holotype (ICPN: Art. 18a), and the name should be corrected to Potentillo crantzii–Polygonetum vivipari Nordh. 1928 (ICPN: Art. 41b). Later on, R. Kalliola (1939) and N. Koroleva (2006) also published one syntaxon in this alliance: publication of holotype by Koroleva (2006) is superfluous, because original diagnoses of Nordhagen (1937) is accompanied by clear reference to type association in the paper by Nordhagen (1928) (ICPN: Art. 21). The original diagnosis of Gjaerevoll’s (1950) alliance Ranunculo–Poion alpinae, ass. Ranunculo acris–Poetum alpinae Daniёls 2016 (based on Trollius europaeus-soc., Gjaerevoll, 1950: 420–421, Table XIII) (Fig. 4, groups 9, 10) coincides with the original diagnosis of Nordhagen’s alliance (Table 1), so Nordhagen’s name would have the priority over the Ranunculo–Poion alpinae which is a syntaxonomic synonym (ICPN: Art. 29с). T. Ohba (1974) considered Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari as synonym of Kobresio-Dryadion (Fig. 4, groups 14 and 15). Both alliances share some of the species pool, and ecologically and floristically are separated from each other (Fig. 4 and 5; Table 1). Kobresio-Dryadion comprises mainly xero-, mesophytic dwarf shrubs- and sedges-dominated communities on calcium-rich substrata. Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari includes species-rich tundra meadows with prevalence of mesophytic herbs. Alliances are clearly distinguished from each other in species composition, in habitats and in geographic distribution: Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari is likely restricted to Fennoscandia, whilst Kobresio-Dryadion has Eurasian distribution (Koroleva, 2015). Original diagnoses and nomenclatural types of alliances are different, so they cannot be considered as synonyms. Alliance Potentillo–Polygonion vivipari is not yet disposed in some higher units — order and class.
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Lin, L., H. Jia, and Y. Xu. "Fracture network characteristics of a deep borehole in the Table Mountain Group (TMG), South Africa." Hydrogeology Journal 15, no. 7 (April 24, 2007): 1419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0184-y.
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Weber, B., and S. J. Braddy. "A marginal marine ichnofauna from the Blaiklock Glacier Group (?Lower Ordovician) of the Shackleton Range, Antarctica." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94, no. 1 (March 2003): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026359330000050x.
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ABSTRACTA diverse arthropod-dominated ichnofauna, associated with a poorly preserved crustacean fauna and soft-bodied ?medusoid impressions, is described from the Blaiklock Glacier Group of the north-western Shackleton Range (Coats Land), Antarctica. The ichnofauna consists of Asaphoidichnus, Beaconites, Didymaulichnus, Diplichnites, Gordia, ?Laevicyclus, Merostomichnites, Monomorphichnus, Palaeophycus, Planolites, Rusophycus, Selenichnites, and Taphrhelminthoides (ichnogen nov.). Three new ichnotaxa are recognised: Taphrhelminthoides antarcticus n. ichnogen. et ichnosp. is a bilobate trail, composed of two parallel flat lobes, separated by a median ridge with a characteristic figure-of-eight pattern. Merostomichnites gracilis n. ichnosp. is characterised by its proportions (external:internal width ratio >3) and series of 10 to 12, thin, linear tracks. Selenichnites antarcticus n. ichnosp. is characterised by small elongate horseshoe-shaped marks, the medial portion showing three to five transverse scratch-marks.The palaeoenvironment is interpreted as extremely shallow marine water, possibly a tide-dominated estuary, based on sedimentological evidence and the composition of the ichnofauna. Radiometric and palaeomagnetic data indicate that this assemblage is Lower Ordovician in age, representing the first autochthonous Ordovician fossiliferous succession to be described from Antarctica. The succession shows several sedimentological and palaeontological similarities with the basal units of the Ordovician Table Mountain Group in South Africa, supporting palaeogeographic models placing the Palaeozoic Blaiklock basin close to the Ordovician Table Mountain basin.
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Roets, W., Y. Xu, L. Raitt, and L. Brendonck. "Groundwater discharges to aquatic ecosystems associated with the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer: A conceptual model." Water SA 34, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v34i1.180863.
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YOUNG, G., W. MINTER, and J. THERON. "Geochemistry and palaeogeography of upper Ordovician glaciogenic sedimentary rocks in the Table Mountain Group, South Africa." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214, no. 4 (November 25, 2004): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(04)00399-2.
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Sun, Xiaobin, Yongxin Xu, and Lixiang Lin. "The diagnostic plot analysis of artesian aquifers with case studies in Table Mountain Group of South Africa." Hydrogeology Journal 23, no. 3 (November 23, 2014): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1203-4.
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Roets, W., Y. Xu, L. Raitt, M. El-Kahloun, P. Meire, F. Calitz, O. Batelaan, et al. "Determining discharges from the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer to wetlands in the Southern Cape, South Africa." Hydrobiologia 607, no. 1 (April 25, 2008): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9389-x.
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Yuhua, Tang, Huan Zunxiang, Lin Qing, and Xu Aoao. "The Statistical Relationship of Mass Motions Magnetic Fields and Flares in AR 5395." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 141 (1993): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100029444.
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AR 5395 was the super-active region in Solar cycle 22. In this active region, there was rapid relative motion of magnetic elements, growth and decay of umbrae, frequent newly emerging magnetic flux and various mass motions.Data include daily vector magnetograms (Huairou Observing Station, Beijing Observatory, Hα filtergrams and photographs of sunspot group with fine structures (Yunnan Obs. and Purple Mountain Obs.) on March 9 - 15, 1989. In this period 42 flares have been observed by Yunnan and Purple Mountain Obs. (table 1). Observational data showed that all the 42 flares occurred in four segments (marked as A,B,C,D) of U-shaped neutral line in this active region (Fig. 1).
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Lin, L., H. Lin, and Y. Xu. "Characterisation of fracture network and groundwater preferential flow path in the Table Mountain Group (TMG) sandstones, South Africa." Water SA 40, no. 2 (March 27, 2014): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v40i2.8.
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COSTA, PAULO NOGUEIRA, ANA CAROLINA CALIJORNE LOURENÇO, PATRICIA ALMEIDA-SANTOS, and MONIQUE VAN SLUYS. "Tadpole of the hylid frog Bokermannohyla gouveai (Peixoto & Cruz, 1992)." Zootaxa 2418, no. 1 (April 6, 2010): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2418.1.3.
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The genus Bokermannohyla Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell & Wheeler, 2005 currently comprises 29 species that are distributed in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes of Brazil (Faivovich et al. 2009; Frost 2010; Napoli & Pimenta 2009). This genus has recently been erected to accommodate the former Hyla circumdata, Hyla claresignata, Hyla martinsi, and Hyla pseudopseudis species groups (Faivovich et al. 2005). The Bokermannohyla circumdata group is composed by seventeen species (Table 1), all occurring mainly in mountain stream habitats in the Atlantic Rainforest, being the dark vertical stripes on the posterior surface of the thigh a putative morphological synapomorphy of this group (Heyer 1985). Despite the importance of larval characters for phylogenetic and taxonomic studies (e.g. Haas 2003), tadpoles of only seven species are formally described for this group (Table 1). Herein we describe the tadpole of B. gouveai known only from habitats above 1800 m (IUCN, 2010) in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil.
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Davies, Neil S., Anthony P. Shillito, and Cameron R. Penn-Clarke. "Cold feet: Trackways and burrows in ice-marginal strata of the end-Ordovician glaciation (Table Mountain Group, South Africa)." Geology 48, no. 12 (July 28, 2020): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47808.1.
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Abstract New observations from an outcrop of Upper Ordovician Table Mountain Group strata (Matjiesgoedkloof, Western Cape Province, South Africa) have revealed an unexpected ichnofauna that is hosted within diamictites and sandstones that were deposited by a retreating low-latitude (∼30°S) ice sheet during the Hirnantian glaciation. The locality provides a rare window onto animal-sediment interactions in an early Paleozoic ice-marginal shallow-marine environment and contains a trace fossil community with a surprising ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity of burrows, trackways, and trails (Archaeonassa, Diplichnites, Heimdallia, Metaichna, ?Multina, Planolites, Protovirgularia, Skolithos). Exceptional phenomena preserved in the strata include evidence for direct colonization of glacial diamictites by deep-burrowing Heimdallia infauna, and interactions between trackways and dropstones on substrates. Observations from the newly recognized outcrop dramatically expand our understanding of deep-time glacial habitats, demonstrating that deglaciating ice margins had already been colonized by the latest Ordovician. The freshwater influx that would have been associated with such settings implies that faunal associations that were tolerant of brackish water were also established by that time. The locality has further significance because it records the activity of a nearshore animal community contemporaneous with the fauna of the nearby Soom Shale lägerstatte. Combined, these features reveal a paleoecological transect of the diverse marine life that inhabited cold-climate, low-latitude shallow seas around the time of the end-Ordovician deglaciation.
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Hoard, Robert J., John R. Bozell, Steven R. Holen, Michael D. Glascock, Hector Neff, and J. Michael Elam. "Source Determination of White River Group Silicates from Two Archaeological Sites in the Great Plains." American Antiquity 58, no. 4 (October 1993): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282203.
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High-quality cryptocrystalline silicates from the Oligocene-age White River Group of the central Great Plains (referred to here as White River Group Silicates [WRGS]) were widely used prehistorically for chipped-stone tools. There are three known source areas for WRGS: Flattop Butte in northeastern Colorado, Table Mountain in east central Wyoming, and the White River Badlands of South Dakota. Specimens from these sources are often visually indistinguishable, making it difficult to specify the source of WRGS from nonquarry archaeological sites. Using a quantitative method—neutron-activation analysis—these sources were differentiated. The sources of WRGS in two Central Plains archaeological sites also were determined using this technique. The results show that the technique has important implications for studies of prehistoric mobility and for the refinement of cultural-historical affiliation.
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Zibzeev, E. G., and N. V. Igay. "Class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948 in Altai-Sayan mountain region." Vegetation of Russia, no. 36 (December 12, 2019): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2019.36.59.
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The class Salicetea herbaceae Br.-Bl. 1948 includes arctic and alpine-subnival snow-bed communities of Eurasia and the Arctic Ocean islands (Mucina et al., 2016). The coenoflora of these communities is formed by psychrophilous and chionophilous mesophytic species. R. V. Kamelin (2005) who named these as alpine grass carpets (Kryonanocoryphion eurasiaticum), noted that this type of vegetation is characteristic of the Altai-Sayan mountain region, where alpine carpets are the highest floristic diversity in Asia. The snow-bed communities occupy macro- and megachionic ecotops (Kholod, 1993) in sites with excessive accumulation of snow in winter, which is preserved in the summer in the form of snow-beds. Usually snow-bed communities cover patches from several tens to several hundred square meters. The habitats of these communities are characterized by: 1) short vegetation period due to the long period of the thick snow cover (up to 5 m) melting; 2) cold moistening during the most part of growing season because the melting of snow, and the inflow of water from nearby or underground springs; 3) no genesis of bog soils (Sedelnikov, 2017). Earlier syntaxa of the class Salicetea herbaceae were considered as a part of the alliance Salicion turczaninowii Ishbirdin in Ishbirdin et al. 1996, the order Salicetalia herbaceae Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et Jenny 1926. 105 relevés were sampled in 1998–2015 (Fig. 1), also we used 28 relevés published earlier (Chytrý, et al., 1995; Danihelka, Chytrý, 1995; Korolyuk, 2001; Telyatnikov et Mamakhatova, 2011; Ermakov, Zibzeev, 2012; Telyatnikov, 2013). An analysis of the coenoflora of the alpine-subnival snow-bed communities revealed the dominance of high-altitude species with a South Siberian and Central Asian areal (Aquilegia glandulosa, Carex altaica, Dracocephalum grandiflorum, Festuca kryloviana, Gentiana grandiflora, Hedysarum austrosibiricum, Luzula sibirica, Solidago dahurica, Tripleurospermum ambiguum, Veronica densiflora, Viola altaica). High constancy and often domination by shrubs of the genus Salix (Salix berberifolia, S. rectijulis и S. turczaninowii) are common for these communities. The originality of species composition of the chionophilic meadows of the North Mongolia and East Kazakhstan allowed to suggest the new order Sibbaldio procumbentis–Ranunculetalia altaici ord. nov. hoc loco and two alliances: Ranunculion altaici all. nov. hoc loco and Salicion turczaninowii Ishbirdin in Ishbirdin et al. 1996. The snow-bed communities are included in five associations (three ones are new), two subassociations, and two variants. The order Sibbaldio procumbentis–Ranunculetalia altaici ord. nov. hoc loco (Table 2) includes the snow-bed communities of South Siberia, North Mongolia and East of Kazakhstan. They occupy the lower part of the mountain-tundra belt in habitats with thick snow cover in winter which does not completely melt in summer. The asian-alpine species dominate in the coenoflora of these meadows. Diagnostic species: Anthoxanthum alpinum, Aquilegia glandulosa, Gentiana grandiflora, Lescuraea saxicola, Luzula sibirica, Salix rectijulis, Schulzia crinita, Veronica alpina, V. densiflora, Viola altaica. There are two meadow types: on snow-beds with constant cold wetting, and close of snow-beds or in places with high snow cover depth and variable wetting. We propose to put the first group into the alliance Ranunculion altaici all. nov. hoc loco, the second one in Salicion turczaninowii Ishbirdin in Ishbirdin et al. 1996. The alliance Ranunculion altaici includes nival meadows dominated by Ranunculus altaicus and R. sulphureus (Table 2). It is widespread in the mountains of South Siberia, North Mongolia, and East Kazakhstan. At present, the alliance includes one ass. Polytricho sexangularis–Ranunculetum altaici (Fig. 4). They occupy site of snow-beds with constant high cold moisture during the whole vegetation period. Alliance Salicion turczaninowii Ishbirdin in Ishbirdin et al. 1996, based on the analysis of ass. Salici turczaninowii–Sibbaldietum procumbentis Danihelka et Chytrý 1995 from Barguzin Range (Danihelka, Chytrý, 1995), encompasses chionophilous communities of the South Siberian mountains (Ishbirdin et al., 1996). The diagnostic species are widespread in the Altai-Sayan mountain region and Transbaikalia: Carex aterrima, Ranunculus altaicus, Salix turczaninowii,and Viola altaica. The alliance includes 3 new associations (Bistorto viviparae–Salicetum turczaninowii, Doronico altaici–Sibbaldietum procumbentis, Vaccinio myrtilli–Sibbaldietum procumbentis). Ass. Bistorto viviparae–Salicetum turczaninowii ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2; Table 3, N 1–5, holotypus — N 5) — snow-bed communities with Salix turczaninowii and Sibbaldia procumbens dominance. Its area encompasses the humid part of Altai-Sayan mountain region. Diagnostic species: Antennaria dioica, Bistorta vivipara, Carex tristis, Festuca kryloviana, Hedysarum austrosibiricum, Minuartia biflora, Saxifraga sibirica. Communities occur on leveled or convex parts of the slopes, small terraces at the altitudes from 2230 to 2500 m. Rocks and rubbles cover up to 30 % of the surface. Асс. Doronico altaici–Sibbaldietum procumbentis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2; Table 3, N 6–16, holotypus — N 12, Fig. 5) includes snow-bed communities with alpine (Anemonastrum narcissiflorum, Aquilegia glandulosa, Callianthemum sajanense, Doronicum altaicum, Dracocephalum grandiflorum, Swertia obtusa, Tripleurospermum ambiguum, Veronica densiflora) and subalpine (Geranium albiflorum, Trollius asiaticus) species. These species are common in the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač et Klika in Klika et Hadač 1944. Diagnostic species: Bergenia crassifolia, Callianthemum sajanense, Doronicum altaicum, Dracocephalum grandiflorum, Geranium albiflorum, Tripleurospermum ambiguum, Trollius asiaticus, Veronica densiflora. Асс. Vaccinio myrtilli–Sibbaldietum procumbentis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 2; Table 4, N 1–41, holotypus — N 5; Fig. 6) includes snow-bed communities dominated by Sibbaldia procumbens and Vaccinium myrtillus. We met these communities in the upper part of subalpine and the lower part of alpine belt in the West and East Sayans, Kuznetsk Alatau, West and Central Altai. The diagnostic group of species is represented by Omalotheca norvegica, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Sibbaldia procumbens, Solidago dahurica, Vaccinium myrtillus. We proposed 2 subassociations within this syntaxon: V. m.–S. p. typicum (Table 2; Table 4, N 1–15, 31–41, holotypus — N 5) and V. m.–S. p. diphasiastretosum alpini (Table 2; Table 4, N 16–30, holotypus — N 24). The ass. Swertio obtusae–Caricetum tristis Telyatnikov et Mamakhatova 2011 was described in the South-East Altai (Telyatnikov, Mamakhatova, 2011). It includes grass-sedge-forb and willow-lichen-forb alpine meadows dominated by Gentiana algida, Bistorta vivipara, B. major, Carex tristis, Swertia obtusa, Lagotis integrifolia. Ass. Swertio obtusae–Caricetum tristis differs in species richness and floristic composition from other alliance associations. The cluster analysis (Fig. 3) verified this fact: there are 2 specific groups, corresponding to 2 classes. The core of coenoflora of the class Salicetea herbaceae are species of nival and hemichionophilous habitats (Aquilegia glandulosa, Carex altaica, Carex aterrima, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Gentiana grandiflora, Kiaeria starkei, Lescuraea saxicola, Omalotheca norvegica, Salix turczaninowii, Sibbaldia procumbens, Ranunculus altaicus, Veronica densiflora, Viola altaica). Arctic-alpine tundra species of the Сarici rupestris–Kobresietea bellardii Ohba 1974 class(Comastoma tenellum, Gentiana algida, Kobresia myosuroides, Potentilla nivea, etc.) as well as its common species (Erigeron eriocalyx, Eritrichium villosum, Festuca sphagnicola, Gastrolychnis apetala, Leontopodium ochroleucum, Potentilla gelida, Thalictrum alpinum) forms communities of the ass. Swertio obtusae–Caricetum tristis. That is why it should not be attributed to the class Salicetea herbaceae. The analysis of nival meadow coenofloras (Fig. 3a) showed the codominance of the North Asian (30 %), Holarctic (22 %) and South Siberian (22 %) species groups. Alpine (36 %) and arcto-alpine (20 %) belt-zonal ones (Fig. 3б) dominate in coenoflora of chionophilous meadows. Three floristic complexes proved to form the base of the coenoflora of nival meadows: arctic-alpine types of Holarctic distribution; alpine species both from the North Asian ranges and South Siberia, North Mongolia and East Kazakhstan (Sedelnikov, 2017).
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Cocks, L. R. M., and R. A. Fortey. "New evidence on the South African Lower Palaeozoic: age and fossils reviewed." Geological Magazine 123, no. 4 (July 1986): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800033525.
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AbstractTrilobites from the Soom Shale, Cedarberg Formation, of the Table Mountain Group, South Africa, have been identified asMucronaspis oliniTemple, indicating a latest Ordovician (Rawtheyan–Hirnantian) age. This new data is taken as an opportunity to present new records of some non age-diagnostic brachiopods and molluscs from the area, and also to review the substantial shelly fauna from the overlying Disa Member of the Cedarberg Formation. It is concluded that that fauna is of Hirnantian age and not early Llandovery as stated by some previous authors.
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Lin, Lixiang, and Haili Lin. "Determination of groundwater sustainable yield using a numerical modelling approach for the Table Mountain Group sandstone aquifer, Rawsonville, South Africa." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 3 (January 3, 2019): 841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1902-3.
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Degteva, S. V., and Yu A. Dubrovskiy. "Coenotical diversity of vegetation of mountain-tundra and open woodland belts on the Manpupuner Ridge (Northern Urals, Pechoro-Ilychskiy Nature Reserve)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 34 (December 23, 2018): 47–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.34.47.
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The study of coenotical diversity of mountain tundra and open woodland altitudinal belts at Manpupuner ridge (Pechoro-Ilych Nature Reserve) in 2012–2013 continues the previous researches by Institute of Biology Komi Scientific Centre RAS at ridges Schuka-Yol-is, Kychyl-is, Makar-is, Tonder and Turynya-ner, and Mankhambo in 2007–2011 (Degteva, Dubrovskiy 2009, 2012, 2014). The data were obtained using the complex of traditional and modern methods of phytocoenotical and floristical researches (Ipatov, Mirin, 2008). 184 relevés (kept in the Phytocoenarium of the Institute of Biology KSC RAS), made at 400 m2 plots in open woodland and forests stands, at 100 m2 plots in meadow, tundra and shrub stands or within the limits of the communities, were set along the profiles at the elevation gradients. The assessment of vertical and horizontal structure, species number and abundance of vascular plants, main mosses and lichens as well as community classification according the dominant approach was carried out. In mountain tundra communities which are located at flat plates and terraces of the upper part of slopes 122 species of vascular plants, 36 of mosses and 37 of lichens were found. Three associations (Fruticuleto-betuletum nanae flavocetrariosum (Fig. 2), Fruticuletum cladinosum, Myrtilletum cladinosum, Fruticuletum cladinosum) of lichen tundra (Table 2), two ones (Fruticuleto-betuletum nanae hylocomiosum, Myrtilletum hylocomiosum) of green moss tundra (Fig. 3, 4) and ass. Bistorto majoris-avenelletum polytrichosum of Polytrichum-dominated tundra (Table 3) were distinguished. More diverse is vegetation of the open woodland belt where the complex of open woodlands, bushes and meadows is presented. Poor in species number spruce open woodlands with total tree crown density is 0.1–0.2 and of 2–3 m height in the upper part of the belt and 6 m in the lower slope parts, which occur at about 680–760 m,1 belong to associations Piceetum betuloso nanae–caricoso-empetroso-cladinosum and P. avenelloso-myrtilloso-hylocomiosum (Table 4; Fig. 5). Pinus sibirica open woodlands (Table 4) of lichen (Cembretum betuloso nanae–arctoetoso alpinae–flavocetrariosum (Fig. 6) and C. caricoso globularis–vaccinioso uliginosii–cladinosum) and green moss (C. caricoso globularis–vaccinioso uliginosii–hylocomiosum) types were met at 620–640 m at flat terraces (first time in the Pechoro-Ilych Nature Reserve). Open woodlands dominated by mountain ecological form of Betula pubescens occur at 580–770 m more common at east and north-west exposition, but also occur at south-west and north slopes and in the southern part of the Manpupuner Ridge, on terraces. Taxation parameters of the stands change with the elevation changes. In the upper part of this belt, the canopy density is 0.1–0.2, tree height 1.5–2.5 m and stem diameter 2–4 cm, at elevations about 600 m, 0.4–0.6, 8–12 m and 18–26 cm respectively. Five associations are distinguished within this formation: Montano-Betuletum gymnocarpiosum, M.-B. geraniosum albiflorii, M.-B. calamagrostidosum, M.-B. aconitosum (Fig. 7), M.- B. avenellosum (Table 5). Shrub vegetation is presented by Salix spp., Betula nana and Juniperus sibirica stands. The willows (Salicetum lanatae geraniosum albiflorii and Salicetum lanatae mixtoherboso–calamagrostidosum) (Table 6, Fig. 8) are developed in stream runoffs/valleys at elevations 700–770 m. Juniperus communis communities (Juniperetum sibiricae avenelloso-myrtilloso-hylocomiosum (Fig. 9) and Juniperetum sibiricae gymnocarpiosum; Table 6) in the Pechoro-Ilych Nature Reserve are found at 670–780 m in the drained ecotopes at terraces, flat and convex slopes. Betula nana stands (Betuletum nanae empetroso-caricoso-hylocomioso-cladinosum (Fig. 10), Betuletum nanae caricoso-hylocomiosum (Fig. 11) and Betuletum nanae fruticuloso-hylocomiosum; Table 6) cover the largest areas at 680–750 m on terraces, flat, convex and concave slopes and saddles between the individual vertices. In mountain meadows (Calamagrostidetum geraniosum (Fig. 12) and Geranietum mixtoherbosum (Fig. 13)) which do not cover large areas at the ridge and occur on rich wet soils at stream runoffs, valleys and the borders of the stone-fields, 117 species of vascular plants, 27 of mosses and 32 of lichens are found (Table 7). Coenotical core of their flora is formed by species of meadow and mountain meadow eco-coenotical group. Species number at 100 m2 plot vary from 12 to 45 (mean 27). Three associations (Piceetum fruticuloso-hylocomiosum, P. aconitosum and P. dryopteridosum expansae) dominate in the mountain forest belt. The common number of syntaxa of association level at the Manpupuner Ridge is 27 including mountain tundras, bushes, meadows, open woodlands and forests.
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Master, Sharad. "Plutonism versus Neptunism at the southern tip of Africa: the debate on the origin of granites at the Cape, 1776–1844." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 100, no. 1-2 (March 2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691009016193.
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ABSTRACTThe Cape Granites are a granitic suite intruded into Neoproterozoic greywackes and slates, and unconformably overlain by early Palaeozoic Table Mountain Group orthoquartzites. They were first recognised at Paarl in 1776 by Francis Masson, and by William Anderson and William Hamilton in 1778. Studies of the Cape Granites were central to some of the early debates between the Wernerian Neptunists (Robert Jameson and his former pupils) and the Huttonian Plutonists (John Playfair, Basil Hall, Charles Darwin), in the first decades of the 19th Century, since it is at the foot of Table Mountain that the first intrusive granites outside of Scotland were described by Hall in 1812. The Neptunists believed that all rocks, including granite and basalt, were precipitated from the primordial oceans, whereas the Plutonists believed in the intrusive origin of some igneous rocks, such as granite. In this paper, some of the early descriptions and debates concerning the Cape Granites are reviewed, and the history of the development of ideas on granites (as well as on contact metamorphism and sea level changes) at the Cape in the late 18th Century and early to mid 19th Century, during the emerging years of the discipline of geology, is presented for the first time.
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Davis, G. "Description of a proteoid-restioid stand in Mesic Mountain Fynbos of the south-western Cape and some aspects of its ecology." Bothalia 18, no. 2 (October 23, 1988): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v18i2.1050.
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A description of the community and its climatic and edaphic environments is given for a stand of Mountain Fynbos vegetation codominated by Leucadendron xanthoconus and Chondropetalum hookerianum. The paper categorizes aspects of the study site either according to existing classifications, or by comparison with other fynbos systems. Comparison of rainfall and temperature data with those collected at an agricultural research station in the region indicated high variability in the spatial and temporal pattern of precipitation, and an air temperature regime which was influenced by the topography. Analysis of vegetation data revealed a species richness lower than other fynbos communities, but a species turnover of similar magnitude. A list of flowering plants and ferns found in the stand is appended. The soil of Table Mountain Group origin comprised a colluvial A -E horizon with a well defined stone-line, and residual B and C horizons of shale origin. It had low pH and nutrient status, with a high measured concentration of aluminium, especially in the B horizon.
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Sun, X., and Y. Xu. "A hydraulic test device for free-flowing artesian boreholes with a case study in Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifers, South Africa." Water SA 40, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v40i3.7.
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Lestari, Puji, Eko Teguh Paripurno, and Arif Rianto Budi Nugroho. "Table Top Exercise Disaster Communication Model in Reducing Disaster Risk." Jurnal Penelitian Komunikasi 22, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20422/jpk.v22i1.587.
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Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency of North Sumatera is still active. Training required for government and residents readiness of surrounding mountain to reduce disaster risk through the training of contingency plan model implementation. This study aims to find a model of communication disaster readiness through the Table Top Exercise or TTX. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method and data collection with interview, documentation, observation, and focus group discussion (FGD). FGD participants divided into eight sectoral planning small groups, that divided according to their respective fields: a subdivision of disaster and post-disaster management, SAR and evacuation, health and psychosocial, evacuation and temporary shelter, water and sanitation, transportation, distribution and logistics, security and order, searching, and subdivision of special cattle. The results of the study found that the implementation of disaster readiness communication model of Mount Sinabung eruption is optimal. This communication is what needs to be improved when the eruption occurs. The results of the study contributed as a policy for improvement for Contingency Planning Document as the Regulation of Head of Karo Regency that will be implemented at the end of 2018.
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Miller, W., R. Armstrong, and M. J. de Wit. "Geology and U/PB geochronology of the Gamtoos Complex and lower Paleozoic Table Mountain Group, Cape Fold Belt, Eastern Cape, South Africa." South African Journal of Geology 119, no. 1 (March 2016): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssajg.119.1.147.
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Ivy-Ochs, Susan, Christian Schlüchter, Peter W. Kubik, Beate Dittrich-Hannen, and Jürg Beer. "Minimum 10Be exposure ages of early Pliocene for the Table Mountain plateau and the Sirius Group at Mount Fleming, Dry Valleys, Antarctica." Geology 23, no. 11 (1995): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<1007:mbeaoe>2.3.co;2.
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Golovanov, Ya M., S. M. Yamalov, M. V. Lebedeva, A. Yu Korolyuk, L. M. Abramova, and N. a. Dulepova. "Vegetation of chalk outcrops of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories." Vegetation of Russia, no. 40 (2021): 3–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.3.
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The results of long-term studies of the vegetation of chalk outcrops of the Orenburg region (Russian Federation) and North-West Kazakhstan on Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories are presented. Chalk outcrops are unique botanical-geographical sites located in steppe and desert zones of Eurasia. Specific communities of calcephyte plant species have spread in these areas, in places of outcrops or close occurrence from the surface of upper-Cretaceous carbonate rocks. The flora of chalk outcrops is characterized by a great amount of rare species, mainly endemic, associated with peculiar substrates, the locality of habitats, and the historical past of the area of outcrops location (Matyshenko, 1985) The history of the study of flora and vegetation of chalk outcrops is given. Synthaxonomic studies of chalk vegetation as part of the ecological-floristic approach cover only territories west of the Volga river (Poluyanov, 2009; Averinova, 2011, 2016; Demina, 2014; Demina et al., 2016; Didukh et al., 2018). Chalk highlands of the North-West Kazakhstan and adjacent regions of the Russian Federation occupy quite large areas. However, up to date, there is no data on the vegetation diversity of these territories based on complete geobotanical relevés, that is why their synthaxonomy remains undeveloped. The study area with 15 massifs of chalk outcrops (Fig. 1) includes the Orenburg region (Novosergievsky, Perevolotsky, Sol-Iletskiy, Akbulak and Gaysky districts), and Aktobe (Hobdinsky, Uilsky and Bayganinsky district) and Atyrau (Zhylyoysky district) regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The largest massifs in the Orenburg region of the Russian Federation are: Starobelogorskie (Fig. 2), Chesnokovskie (Fig. 3), Verkhnechibendinskie (Fig. 6), Troitskie (Fig. 7), Pokrovskie Chalk Mountains (Fig. 4) and Durtel mountain (Fig. 5). Chalk massif Akshatau (Fig. 8) and the range Aktolagai (Fig. 9) are the largest within Aktobe region. The investigated sites are mostly located on the Sub-Ural Plateau, which extended from the southern regions of the Orenburg region to the Emba River in the territory of Aktobe region. They are less common within the Obschiy Syrt and sporadic in the Guberlinskie mountains. The study area covers a wide range of zonal vegetation from dry steppes in the northern part of the gradient to northern deserts in the southern one. The dataset includes 270 relevés of chalk outcrops communities performed by the authors in 2014–2019. The primary classification was carried out using TWINSPAN algorithm. As a result three groups of communities are established. The first group is communities of the Emben Plateau, the most southern area; second is communities on relatively developed soils in the slopes bases, depressions between chalk ridges and on their flat tops; third is widespread communities on most of the Podural Plateau and Obschy Syrt, excluding the Emben Plateau. Comparison with associations of calcephyte, semidesert and steppe vegetation (Golub, 1994; Kolomiychuk, Vynokurov, 2016; Lysenko, Yamalov, 2017; Didukh et al., 2018; Korolyuk, 2017) was made to determine the position of studied communities in the system of ecological-floristic classification of the herbasceous vegetation of Eurasia. Cluster analysis results (Fig. 10) revealed the significant specificity the chalk outcrops of the Sub-Ural Plateau in comparison with calciphytic communities of Eastern Europe, as well as with deserts and steppes zonal vegetation. That was the reason to describe a new class for vegetation of the studied chalk outcrops. The class Anabasietea cretaceae Golovanov class nov. hoc loco. Diagnostic species: Anabasis cretacea, Anthemis trotzkiana, Artemisia salsoloides, Atraphaxis decipiens,Crambe aspera, Echinops meyeri, Jurinea kirghisorum, Hedysarum tscherkassovae, Lepidium meyeri, Limonium cretaceum, Linaria cretacea, Matthiola fragrans, Nanophyton erinaceum, Seseli glabratum, Zygophyllum pinnatum;holotypus is order Anabasietalia cretaceae ord. nov. hoc loco. Class combines calciphytic, mainly semi-shrub communities on the outcrops of chalk and marl rocks of the south of the Orenburg region and North-West Kazakhstan within the steppe (subzones of the true and desert steppes) and desert zone. The central order, Anabasietalia cretaceae Golovanov ord. nov. hoc loco, is described;holotypus is alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis all. nov. hoc loco. Three alliances identified within the order reflect both community distribution along the latitudinal gradient and succession stages. The alliance Sileno fruticulosae–Nanophytonion erinacei Lebedeva all. nov hoc loco is poor-species communities, located mainly on the chalk massifs in the southern part of the Sub-Ural Plateau (Emben Plateau) and adjacent territories. Holotypus of the alliance is ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco with highly constant desert plant species (Anabasis salsa, Artemisia terrae-albae, Atriplex cana, Limonium suffruticosum, Rhammatophyllum pachyrhizum, etc.). It includes the ass. Onosmo staminei–Anabasietum cretaceae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 1–3; Tables 4–6). Holotypus hoc loco: Table 4, rel. no. 9 (YS19-034): Republic of Kazakhstan, Atyrau region, Zhylyojskij district, 10 km W Aktologay ridge, 47.48514° N, 54.97647° E, 19.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.) The alliance Anabasio cretaceae–Agropyrion desertorum Korolyuk all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco. Alliance includes communities in flat habitats with well-developed soils at the foot of the chalk hills in the central and northern parts of the Sub-Ural Plateau, on the chalk rock outflows, as well on their tops. Active are species of deserts and galophytic communities of the classes Artemisietea lerchianae and Festuco-Puccinellietea, as well as these of dry and desert steppes of the order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae. There are 2 associations: Agropyro desertorum–Artemisietum lessingianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 4; Table 7; fig. 23; holotypus hoc loco: Table 7, rel. no 8 (YS15-019)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km SW vil. Troitsk, 50.65317° N, 54.542° W, 06.06.2015, collector Yamalov S. M.) and Psephello marschallianae–Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco ((Table. 3, syntaxon 5; Table 8; fig. 24); holotypus hoc loco: Table 8, rel. no 15 (YS19-050), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Hobdinsky district, chalk mountains 16 km NE vil. Zhantalap, 50.39986° N, 56.05054° N, 21.05.2019, collector Yamalov S. M.). The alliance Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemision salsoloidis Yamalov all. nov hoc loco.Holotypus is ass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. Alliance includes the cenoses of the chalk highlands of the Sub-Ural Plateau (except for its extremely southern part) and the Obschiy Syrt. These are both communities of the initial and more advanced succession stages. The high constancy of Anthemis trotzkiana and Artemisia salsoloides, as well as the presence of petrophytic species widely distributed in the rocky steppes of the Southern Ural (Alyssum tortuosum, Centaurea marchalliana, Euphorbia seguieriana, Galium octonarium) are character for the alliance cenophlora. There are three associations— Nanophytono erinacei–Jurinetum kirghisori ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 6; Table 9; Fig. 25; holotypus hoc loco: Table 9, rel. no 7 (GY18-070)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Verhnechibendinskie Chalk Mountains, 10 km W vil. Troitsk, 50.6562° N, 54.44272° W, 07.06.2016, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Anthemido trotzkianae–Artemisietum salsoloidis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 7, 8; Tables 10, 11; Fig. 26; holotypus hoc loco: Table 10, rel. no 20 (GY15-047)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Sol-Iletskiy district, Troitsk Chalk Mountains, 10 km NW vil. Troitsk, 50.65267° N, 54.54217° E, 06.06.2015, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); Onosmo simplicissimae–Anthemietum trotzkianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 9; tab. 12; Fig. 27); holotypus hoc loco: Table 12, rel. no 1 (GY19-011)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.43507° N, 54.60127° E, 15.05.2019, collector — Golovanov Ya. M.). There are 2 associations in the class Festuco-Brometea. Within the dry steppe order Tanaceto achilleifolii–Stipetalia lessingianae this is Bassio prostratae–Agropyretum desertorum ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxa 10, 11; Table 13), holotypus hoc loco: Table 13, rel. no 8 (GY19-004)), Republic of Kazakhstan, Aktyubinsk region, Uilskii district, Terektytau, 10 km NE vil. Akshatau, 49.42942° N, 54.60047° E, 15.05.2019, collector Golovanov Ya. M.); within the true steppe order Helictotricho-Stipetalia this isass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Thymetum guberlinensis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 3, syntaxon 12; Table 14); holotypus hoc loco: Table 14, rel. no 8 (GY14-012)), Russian Federation, Orenburg region, Gayskii district, chalk mountain Dyurtel, 4 km NE vil. Starohalilovo, 51.504° N, 58.157° E, 27.06.2014, collector Golovanov Ya. M.). The result of the research of chalk outcrops vegetation of Sub-Ural plateau and adjacent territories is new class Anabasietea cretaceae which includes 1 order, 3 alliances, 6 associations, 3 subassociations, 2 variants and 9 facies.
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BILTON, DAVID T. "A new humicolous Parhydraena d’Orchymont, 1937 from South Africa (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)." Zootaxa 4378, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4378.2.9.
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Parhydraena d’Orchymont, 1937 currently includes 19 species, 17 of which are endemic to South Africa (Perkins 2009; Bilton 2014). Most species of the genus are fully aquatic, but a few, together with members of other genera of Parhydraenini, occupy moist habitats rich in organic debris (Perkins 2009). These so-called humicolous habitats (Perkins & Balfour-Browne 1994) occur both beside water and elsewhere, and have been colonised a number of times by primarily aquatic hydraenid lineages, particularly in Africa and Australasia (e.g. Perkins & Balfour-Browne 1994; Perkins 2004a, 2004b; Perkins 2009; Hernando & Ribera 2017). Within Parhydraena the toro group (sensu Perkins 2009) comprises four (sub)humicolous species which share a broad habitus, a marked constriction between the pronotum and elytral shoulders, and short legs and maxillary palpi. Whilst phylogenetic relationships within Parhydraena remain unclear in the absence of molecular data, the toro group as currently defined may not be monophyletic, given the differences in aedeagal anatomy observed amongst its members (see Perkins 2009). The most morphologically divergent species described to date is P. toro Perkins, 2009, whose simplified aedeagal anatomy differs considerably from all other known members of the genus. P. toro appears to be narrowly endemic to the inselberg of Table Mountain and surroundings, occurring in damp litter in Afromontane forests and beside seepages and streams (Perkins 2009; DTB pers. obs.). Here I describe a new species from a cool, high-altitude gully in the western end of Hex River Mountains, which closely resembles P. toro in external and aedeagal morphology and shares its humicolous microhabitat.
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Miller, J. A., A. J. Dunford, K. A. Swana, L. Palcsu, M. Butler, and C. E. Clarke. "Stable isotope and noble gas constraints on the source and residence time of spring water from the Table Mountain Group Aquifer, Paarl, South Africa and implications for large scale abstraction." Journal of Hydrology 551 (August 2017): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.036.
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Mohuba, Seeke C., Tamiru A. Abiye, Molla B. Demlie, and Moneri J. Modiba. "Hydrogeological Characterization of the Thyspunt Area, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Hydrology 7, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030049.
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This paper presents a comprehensive hydrogeological investigation that involves field work, aquifer test, hydrogeochemical analysis, environmental isotope analysis, and interpretations around a proposed nuclear power facility in South Africa. The study was undertaken to test the complementarity of the various methods in the coastal aquifer and to verify the hydrogeological conditions within and around the site. The study revealed the presence of two types of aquifers: an upper primary aquifer made up of the Cenozoic deposits of the Algoa Group, and a deeper fractured aquifer made of the Palaezoic Table Mountain Group (TMG) metasedimentary rocks. Owing to ductile deformation in the form of folding, the fractured quartzite and shale aquifers resulted in an artesian condition, often characterized by slightly acidic (pH ≤ 6) and iron-rich groundwater. The most important hydrogeochemical processes responsible for the observed changes in the hydrochemical composition and facies are mineral dissolution, ion exchange and mixing. The environmental isotope results suggest that all groundwater samples are characterized by a depleted δ18O and δ2H signal, indicating high latitude moisture source (southern polar region) and recharge from rainfall, with no or minimal evaporation before and during infiltration. Similarities in the stable isotope signatures between the deeper and shallow aquifer confirm the presence of a strong hydraulic link. The residence time of groundwater in the aquifers underlying the proposed nuclear power plant is estimated using tritium (3H) and 14C, and the results indicate that in the shallow aquifer it ranges from recent recharge to 50 years, and in the deeper aquifer, it ranges from 430 ± 5 years to 1000 ± 10 years, which exists in a quasi-pristine condition.
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Feitosa, W. B., M. P. Milazzoto, M. Rovegno, L. F. Martins, J. A. Visintin, and M. E. O. A. Assumpção. "302 VIABILITY OF BOVINE SPERMATOZOA INCUBATED WITH FOREIGN DNA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab302.
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Several studies have been performed over the years to promote the understanding and improvement of the sperm-mediated gene transfer technique. However, little is known about the effect of exogenous DNA in the sperm cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the incubation period and exogenous DNA addition on mitochondrial activity and acrosomal status of bovine spermatozoa. Frozen-thawed semen was separated by Percoll gradient (45/90%) at 600g for 30 min, and the pellet was resuspended and washed by centrifugation in sperm-TALP at 200g for 5 min. The spermatozoa were resuspended in fertilization medium (without heparin) at a concentration of 5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL and incubated at 39°C, 5% CO2 in air with 500 ng pEYFP-Nuc/mL (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA) (DNA group) for 1 and 2 h or without DNA (control group) for 0, 1 and 2 h. JC-1 (Molecular Probes; Invitrogen Brasil, Ltd., Sao Paulo, Brazil) was used to determine mitochondrial potential and fluorsecein isothiogyanate (FITC-PSA; Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil) was used to assess acrosomal status. Two microliters of JC-1 (76.5 μM in DMSO) and 50 μL of FITC-PSA (100 μg/mL in DPBS) were added to 150 μL of IVF medium + 5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL; the mixture was incubated at 25°C for 10 min. DNA incorporation was evaluated by p-EYFP-Nuc PCR amplification. All treatments were repeated ten times and data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (P < 0.05). The results are described in Table 1. The sperm were classified as: Class 1 (intact acrosome and high mitochondria potential), Class 2 (intact acrosome and low mitochondria potential), Class 3 (reacted acrosome and high mitochondria potential) and Class 4 (reacted acrosome and low mitochondria potential). In both groups, the Class 1 sperm decreased over time, whereas an increase in number was verified for Class 2 sperm. There was no significant difference in numbers among the incubation periods in both groups for Class 3 sperm. However, there was an increase in Class 4 sperm number over time, indicating that the main effect of the incubation period was the loss of mitochondria potential. There was no effect of the exogenous DNA addition on sperm viability in relation to the control group, indicating that the exogenous DNA had no effect on mitochondrial activity and acrosomal status of bovine semen. Table 1. Effect of incubation period and exogenous DNA addition on sperm viability This work was supported by FAPESP 03/10234–7; 03/07456–8.
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Gray, J., J. N. Theron, and A. J. Boucot. "Age of the Cedarberg Formation, South Africa and early land plant evolution." Geological Magazine 123, no. 4 (July 1986): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800033537.
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AbstractThe first occurrence of Early Paleozoic land plants is reported from South Africa. The plant remains are small, compact tetrahedral spore tetrads. They occur abundantly in the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, Table Mountain Group. Marine? phytoplankton (sphaeromorphs or leiospheres) occur with the spore tetrads in all samples. Rare chitinozoans are found in half the samples. Together with similar spore tetrads from the Paraná Basin (Gray et al. 1985) these are the first well-documented records of Ashgill and/or earlier Llandovery land plants from the Malvinokaffric Realm, and from the African continent south of Libya. These spore tetrads have botanical, evolutionary, and biogeographic significance. Their size in comparison with spore tetrads from stratigraphic sections throughout eastern North America, suggests that an earliest Llandovery age is more probable for the Soom Shale Member, although a latest Ordovician age cannot be discounted. The age of the brachiopods in the overlying Disa Siltstone Member has been in contention for over a decade. Both Ashgillian and Early Llandovery ages have been proposed. The age of the underlying Soom Shale Member based on plant spores and trilobites (earliest Llandovery or latest Ashgillian) suggests that the Disa Siltstone Member is also likely to be of Early Llandovery age, although the distance between the Soom Shale Member spore-bearing locality and rocks to the south yielding abundant invertebrate body fossils at one locality is great enough to permit diachroneity.
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Vorster, Clarisa, Jan D. Kramers, Nicolas J. Beukes, and Cameron R. Penn-Clarke. "Long-lived stable shelf deposition along Gondwana's southern margin during the Ordovician-Silurian: Inferences from U Pb detrital zircon ages of the Table Mountain Group (South Africa) and correlatives in Argentina and the Falklands/Malvinas Islands." Chemical Geology 576 (August 2021): 120274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120274.
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Abdurakhmanova, Z. I., V. Yu Neshataev, and V. Yu Neshataeva. "Pine forests (Pineta kochianae) in the Republic of Daghestan." Vegetation of Russia, no. 34 (December 23, 2018): 3–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.34.3.
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The study of the floristic and coenotic diversity of Daghestan forests was being conducted for about a century. It was started by N. A. Bush (1905) and N. I. Kuznetsov (1911). Later A. A. Grossheim (1925) gave a brief description of birch, pine and mixed forests in the limestone region of internal mountain Daghestan. A significant contribution to the study of these forests was done by I. I. Tumadzhanov (1938), M. M. Magomedmirzayev (1965) and P. L. Lvov (1964). However, despite of the large number of papers on the forest vegetation of Daghestan, the Koch pine (Pinus kochiana Klotzsch. ex C. Koch) forests, which occupy about 75 000 hectares (17 % of the forest area of the Daghestan), were studied poorly. The present study is based on the data of field study by the authors in several districts of foothill Daghestan, internal mountain Daghestan and high mountain Daghestan in 2012–2016 within key-areas. The releves were carried out using the standard methods (Methods…, 2002) on 99 sample plots of 20×20 m. In addition, relevйs collected by Tumadzhanov (1938) and Magomedmirzayev (1965) were used for the syntaxa characteristic. Totally 140 relevйs were included into analysis. The classification of Pinus kochiana communities was made using the dominant-determinant approach of Russian geobotanical school founded by V. N. Sukachev. Syntaxa names are given according to the «Draft Code of Phytocoenological Nomenclature» (Neshataev, 2001). The Prodromus and the diagnostic features of the syntaxa are presented. The entire set of 140 releves was referred to the formation Pineta kochianae differing fr om Pineta sylvestris, not only by dominant species, but also by species composition and community structure. The most constant species occuring in the majority of associations are Juniperus oblonga in the shrub layer; Calamagrostis arundinacea, Fragaria vesca, Galium valantioides, Thalictrum foetidum in the herb and dwarf-shrub layer; Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus in the moss one. Six groups of associations and 28 associations were distinguished. The main diagnostic features of association groups (Table 1), phytocoenotic and synoptic tables for associations (tables 2–13) are presented. The density of tree layer in Pinus kochiana stands varied from 0.3 to 0.9. The pine trees at the age of 100 years have a height from 5 to 25 m (usually 10–15). The Pinus kochiana stand yield class (bonitet) varies from Va to III class; stands of IV class predominate. In the tree layer the following species occur in different associations: Acer platanoides, A. trautvetteri, Armeniaca vulgaris, Betula litwinowii, B. pendula, B. raddeana, Carpinus caucasica, Fagus orientalis, Fraxinus excelsior, Juniperus oblonga, Malus orientalis, Populus tremula, Pyrus caucasica, Quercus macranthera, Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, Q. robur, Salix caprea, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Tilia begoniifolia, T. cordata. In the understory the young growth of Betula litwinowii, B. pendula, B. raddeana, Juniperus oblonga, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra occur. The shrub layer is usually well developed; its density is up to 60 %. The most constant species of the shrub layer in different associations are Berberis vulgaris, Cotinus coggygria, Cotoneaster integerrimus, Daphne glomerata, D. mezereum, Juniperus oblonga, Lonicera xylosteum, Rhododendron caucasicum, R. luteum, Rosa oxyodon, R. pimpinellifolia. On the upper border of forest belt wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and dwarf-shrubs (Empetrum caucasicum, Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea) often occur. Altogether 487 species of herbaceous plants were found in studied communities. Perennial forbs and grasses predominate. Ecological-cenotic groups of species (mesophytes, xerophytes and mesoxerophytes) are represented equally. 107 species of Bryopsida and 3 of Marchantiophyta are found, the moss cover varies from single individuals to 90 %. Only few species of epiphytic lichens and single lichens on wind fallen trunks are met. Koch pine forests which are widely spread on the northern slopes at the altitude more than 1200 m above the sea level, occur mainly on rocky slopes, formed by sandstones, limestones or clay slates in regions with different climatic conditions — from the dry climate of the foothills to the humid and cold climate of the high mountain Daghestan. Their species composition, set of dominants and community structure depend on the soil type, altitudinal position and the type of underlying rock. Three ecological groups are distinguished: 1) mesophytic pine forests, including moss-rich, rhododendron-rich and mesophytic-grass-herb-rich, 2) xeromesophytic ones with Carex humilis and Brachypodium pinnatum and 3) mezoxerophytic with Quercus pubescens, Cotinus coggygria, Poa bulbosa, etc. (Abdurakhmanova et al., 2015). Within the area of shale part of high mountain Daghestan most common are moss-rich and herb-rich pine forests with boreal, nemoral and Caucasian mesophilic species dominance, which occur at the upper forest lim it. The petrophyte group of associations on rocky sites was first revealed. The Salvia-Onobrychis-rich Koch pine forests (with Salvia canscens and Onobrychis cornuta) are similar to the phryganoid communities on limestone rocks influenced by overgrazing and selective cutting. Koch pine forests of Southern and Foothill Daghestan are characterized by the absence of boreal species common for the forests of high mountain Daghestan. The replacement of pine by other tree species mostly depends on soil conditions and altitudinal position. In the broad-leave forest belt pine is replaced by deciduous tree species better on deep fertile soils than on the shallow soils with low humus content. In contrast to the Western Caucasus, the replacement of pine by spruce (Picea orientalis) and fir (Abies nordmanniana) is never observed in Daghestan due to the absence of these species in it flora. Currently, the climate conditions of Daghestan are quite favorable for the distribution of pine forests. In comparison with other tree species the expansion of Pinus kochiana, supported by a decrease in livestock grazing and decrease in agricultural use, has increased.
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Khasanova, G. R., S. M. Yamalov, and M. V. Lebedeva. "Segetal vegetation of the Southern Urals: alliance Scleranthion annui (Kruseman et Vlieger 1939) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946." Vegetation of Russia, no. 34 (December 23, 2018): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.34.120.
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Segetal communities are the sets the weed plant species which are formed under the influence of edafo-climatic conditions and the mode of disturbance — the systems of processing of the soil in a crop rotation (so-called agrotechnical factor) (Mirkin, Naumova, 2012). The history of their study in the Southern Urals is more than 80 years old (Dmitriyev, 1935; Gaysin, 1950; Minibaev, 1961; Bakhtizin, Rakhimov, 1968; Denisova et al., 1970). Development of classification according to floristic approach has been begun in the 1980th by Ufa geobotanists. Results have been generalized in the collective monography (Mirkin et al., 1985). A repeated syntaxonomical analysis was carried out a long time later only for the Trans-Ural region of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Yamalov et al., 2007). The purpose of the present research is to reveal a phytodiversity of weed vegetation of the Southern Urals, using all available geobotanical data, and to develop its syntaxonomy. This paper presents the results of the classification of one of the three allocated alliances. The dataset contains 1171 relevés: 891 were performed by authors in the course of the 2002–2016 field seasons, while 280 are taken from the mentioned monography (Mirkin et al., 1985). All plots belong to class Papaveretea rhoeadis which combines annual weed vegetation of winter, summer and the row-crop cultures, gardens and initial stages of succession (Mucina et al., 2016). Within the class these are distributed between orders Aperetalia spicae-venti J. Tx. et Tx. in Malato-Beliz et al. 1960 and Papaveretalia rhoeadis Hüppe et Hofmeister ex Theurillat et al. 1995. Alliance Scleranthion annui (Kruseman et Vlieger 1939) Sissingh in Westhoff et al. 1946 goes to the first one, while Caucalidion Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Lactucion tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985 — to the second. The alliances are well differentiated floristically (Table 2) and according to zonal affinity. Alliance Scleranthion annui (Fig. 2) combines the most mesophyte communities distributed mainly on gray forest and soddy podzolic soils, rarer on other types of soils in the southern part of the forest zone and northern part of the forest-steppe one. Diagnostic group includes terophytes: Centaurea cyanus, Tripleurospermum perforatum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Polygonum aviculare, Viola arvensis, Raphanus raphanistrum. Alliance Caucalidion (Fig. 3) combines communities on rich carbonate chernozem soils of the forest-steppe zone. It is intermediate between Scleranthion annui and Lactucion tataricae in zonal gradient. Diagnostic species are Galeopsis ladanum, Sonchus arvensis, Persicaria lapathifolia, Galeopsis bifida, Silene noctiflora, Erodium cicutarium, Thlaspi arvense, Galium aparine. They are also highly constant in communities of alliance Scleranthion annui in the forest zone, but are absent or low constant in these of alliance Lactucion tataricae in the steppe zone. Alliance Lactucion tataricae (Fig. 4) combines floristically impoverished communities in the steppe zone on south chernozem soils. Two species are diagnostic: hemicryptophyte Lactuca tatarica and terophyte Panicum miliaceum. There are 4 associations, 3 subassociations and 5 variants within the alliance Scleranthion annui. The ass. Linario vulgaris–Lactucetum serriolae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4, 5; holotypus — Table5, N 8) combines communities of winter and row-crop cultures, widely spread in the forest zone and northern part of the forest-steppe one on gray forest and soddy podzolic soils, which are common in the northernmost regions of the Cis-Urals within the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Some of them occur in northern flat forest areas as well as in the northern forest-steppe, while few of these are located in the foothill forest regions. Besides the species of alliance Scleranthion annui and class Papaveretea rhoeadis there are ruderal perennials of classes Artemisietea vulgaris Lohmeyer et al. in Tx. ex von Rochow 1951 and Polygono arenastri–Poëtea annuae Rivas-Martínez 1975 corr. Rivas-Martínez et al. 1991, such as Artemisia absinthium, A. vulgaris, Plantago major, Elytrigia repens etc. which are character for disturbed habitats. Also important is the presence of apophytes of classes Molinio-Arrhenatheretea R. Tx. 1937 and Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei Th. Müller 1962 (Poa pratensis, Trifolium pratense, Knautia arvensis, Pimpinella saxifraga etc.) common in meadows and forest edges. The ass. Consolido regalis–Centaureetum cyani ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6; holotypus — N 26) combines communities of winter and summer crops (wheat, rye, rarer barley), widely spread in forest zone and northern part of forest-steppe one. They are located on gray forest and soddy podzolic soils. Three subassociations are discribed within association according the agrotechnology of the prevailing culture. The ass. Galeopsietum bifidae combines communities of winter crops which were widely spread in a forest-steppe zone on the podzolic chernozem in the 1980th (Mirkin, et al., 1985). The association is intermediate between the alliance Scleranthion annui and Caucalidion. The ass. Euphorbio helioscopiae–Fumarietum officinalis ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 7, 8; holotypus — Table 8, N 9) combines communities mainly of the row-crop and the summer cultures in the forest zone in flat and mountain regions and also in northern part of the forest-steppe zone. They are located on gray forest soils and rarer on the podzolic chernozem. Differentiation of associations is illustrated by the DCA-ordination data (Fig. 6). The first axis is interpreted as a complex gradient of moistening and an agrocoenotic factor. Along the second axis of soil richness-salinity the communities on soddy podzolic soils are replaced by those on mountain variants of gray forest soils and the podzolic chernozem.
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Barfield, J. P., G. J. Bouma, and G. E. Seidel Jr. "228 microRNA REGULATION OF GENES IN BOVINE OOCYTES AND EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab228.
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Little is known about expression of microRNA (miRNA) in bovine oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. These molecules likely have an important role in regulating development. For example, differences in quality of oocytes matured in vivo v. in vitro might be due, in part, to altered miRNA expression. In Experiment 1, in vivo-matured COC were collected by transvaginal aspiration of 7 superstimulated cows 21 to 23 h after GnRH injection, given 48 h after prostaglandin F2α and the last of 6 FSH injections given b.i.d. Oocytes aspirated from abattoir ovaries were matured in vitro for 23 h in a chemically defined medium. After vortexing, maturation of both groups of oocytes was confirmed by visualization of the first polar body, and oocytes were snap frozen in mirVana lysis buffer (Applied Biosciences, Foster City, CA, USA). In Experiment 2, in vitro-matured oocytes were generated as described. Subsets were fertilized in vitro or activated parthenogenetically by incubation in 5-μM ionomycin for 5 min followed by 10 μg mL-1 cycloheximide plus 5 μg mL-1 cytochalasin B for 5 h. After 18 h and 12 h, respectively, fertilized and activated oocytes were centrifuged at 10 000 × g for 10 min to enable visualization of pronuclei. Zygotes with 2 polar bodies and 2 pronuclei and parthenotes with 2 pronuclei were snap frozen in mirVana lysis buffer. Total RNA was extracted from 30 pooled oocytes for each replicate using the mirVana MiRNA Isolation Kit (Ambion, Inc., Austin, TX, USA). Reverse transcription of RNA was performed using the QuantiMir RT kit (System Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA), and miRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR using the Mouse miRNome Profiler plate, which contains primers for 384 miRNA (System Biosciences). Three plates were analyzed for each group (30 oocytes per plate). Changes in relative expression levels were analyzed with a t-test of values normalized to miR-181a, which was consistently expressed in all samples. In Experiment 1, compared with in vitro-matured oocytes, in vivo-matured oocytes had 11-fold higher (P = 0.02) expression of miR-375, which targets numerous genes involved in electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation pathways according to the bioinformatic database mirGator. MiR-291a-5p, miR-494, miR-539, and miR-547 were expressed in in vivo-matured oocytes only; the converse was found for miR-575-5p. Results from Experiment 2 are in the table. Major pathways associated with potential targets of the detected miRNA include TGF-beta signaling, Wnt signaling, tight junction formation, DNA replication reactome, steroid biosynthesis, mRNA processing binding reactome, and glutamate metabolism. Several of these candidate miRNA might be important for regulation of bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development. Table 1.Experiment 2: Fold change expression of miRNA
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Young, Rebecca R., Paul Lantos, Paul Lantos, and Michael J. Smith. "1351. Pediatric Antibioitic Use in the North Carolina Medicaid Population." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1533.
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Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in the United States, with antibiotic use as the main driver. The majority of antibiotic use occurs in the outpatient setting. 6 of the 7 highest prescribing states are located in the Appalachian region of the country. Overall, the state of North Carolina (NC) has prescribing rates that are at the national average, but the geographic, patient and provider-level characteristics associated with antibiotic prescribing within the state are unknown. Methods We used NC Medicaid claims from 2013-2018 to identify oral antibiotics prescribed to children, defined as individuals < 21 years. Antibiotics were identified using National Drug Codes. Overall rates of antibiotic prescribing were reported as the number of prescriptions per 1000 children overall and stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity and residence in a metropolitan area. Provider characteristics and setting type were identified using existing variables in the Medicaid dataset. A geographic information system was used to graphically depict rates of antibiotic use by county. Results Rates of prescribing decreased from 724/1000 children in 2013 to 578/1000 children in 2018. Across all study years there were differences in prescribing rates by sex, race/ethnicity, age and residence in a metropolitan area. (Table) Prescriptions were more common in children who were younger (0-2), white non-Hispanic, female and living in non-metropolitan areas. Prescribing rates were geographically heterogeneous, with the highest rates in the western mountain region and declining across a west to east gradient. (Figure) Most (62%) antibiotic prescriptions were written in the primary care setting. Pediatricians prescribed 48% of all antibiotic courses. Antibiotic Prescriptions Per 1000 Children, by Demographic Group (2013-2018) Antibiotic Prescriptions per 1000 Children, by County (2013-2018) Conclusion Although NC is not a high-prescribing state in general, we found notable difference in prescribing based on key demographic characteristics. These results are consistent with prior reports from other Appalachian states including Kentucky, West Virginia and Tennessee. Rates of prescription were highest in non-metropolitan areas overall but GIS mapping revealed a marked west-east gradient. These data suggest that specific Appalachian characteristics, rather than rurality alone, may be associated with excessive antibiotic prescribing. Disclosures Michael J. Smith, MD, MSC.E, Kentucky Medicaid (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)
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Hammitt, Laura, Amanda Driscoll, Robert Weatherholtz, Raymond Reid, Janene Colelay, Lindsay Grant, Daniel VanDeRiet, et al. "2213. Etiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Hospitalized Native American Adults." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S754—S755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1891.
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Abstract Background Native Americans experience a high burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced for adults ≥65yrs in 2014. Data on CAP etiology can guide prevention and treatment. Methods We enrolled adults hospitalized with CAP and age-group-matched non-hospitalized controls on Navajo and White Mountain Apache tribal lands. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs from cases and controls were tested by multiplex PCR for respiratory pathogens. Urine from cases and controls was tested for pneumococcus (Sp) by conventional (BinaxNOW) and serotype-specific urine antigen detection (UAD) for 24 serotypes (PCV13 types plus 2, 8, 9N, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, 22F, 33F). Blood culture and chest radiographs (CXRs) were obtained from cases at the provider’s discretion. Radiographic pneumonia was determined by clinical interpretation of CXRs. Results From March 2016 to March 2018, we enrolled 580 CAP cases with CXR confirmation and 411 controls. Positive blood culture was identified in 42/483 (9%), of which 29 (69%) were Sp. Sp was detected in 164/572 (29%) cases (table). Of 125 cases with serotype information available, serotypes 3 (n = 35; 28%) 8 (n = 19; 15%) and 20 (n = 15; 12%) were the most common. Among 53 Sp cases aged ≥65 years, 26 (49%) were PCV13-type. Compared with blood culture, UAD was 100% sensitive and 100% concordant (n = 24). Viruses were detected by NP/OP PCR in 43% of CAP cases and 18% of controls. Influenza A, parainfluenza type 3, rhinovirus, and RSV were statistically significantly associated with case status. Among 263 cases in whom all diagnostic tests were collected, 63% had a pathogen detected: bacteria alone in 19%, viruses alone in 23%, and both bacterial and viral infection in 22%. Bacterial causes outnumbered viral causes when adjusting for virus detection in the control population. Conclusion Pneumococci were the most common etiology identified among Native American adults with CAP. UAD improved detection of pneumococcal CAP. Respiratory viruses also contributed substantially to CAP burden. Broader prevention strategies, including new vaccines, are required to prevent viral pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia caused by serotypes not contained in currently-available vaccines. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Lung, Mădălin-Sebastian, and Gabriela-Alina Muresan. "Spatial Visualisation of Ethnic Structure Changes in the Apuseni Mountains (Romania) 1880–2011." Migracijske i etničke teme / Migration and Ethnic Themes 36, no. 1 (2020): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11567/met.36.1.1.
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This study aims to present a comparative analysis of the ethnic structure of the population in the Apuseni Mountains (in Romania) during three censuses: in 1880, 1930, and 2011. It emphasises ethnicity continuities and discontinuities, as well as the historical moments that left their mark on that evolution. Statistical data were processed, resulting in the tables showing the ethnic structure of the Apuseni, with absolute as well as relative (percentage) values for each ethnic group. Data were also processed with the aid of ArcGIS 10.3, generating maps of the territorial distribution of the ethnic groups for each administrative-territorial unit. The results show that Romanians maintained their continuity in the mountain area, while other ethnicities changed significantly in terms of numbers and percentages of the total population. The Jewish community was persecuted during the Second World War, finding themselves on the brink of disappearance at the 2011 census. German communities suffered from the socialist policies of deportation to the Soviet Union and other states. Slovaks, deeply affected by industrial restructuring, began to emigrate after the fall of communism in 1989. The most dynamic ethnic group are the Roma, who, according to the censuses, continuously increased in number and percentage.
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Watson, Andrew, Jodie Miller, Manfred Fink, Sven Kralisch, Melanie Fleischer, and Willem de Clercq. "Distributive rainfall–runoff modelling to understand runoff-to-baseflow proportioning and its impact on the determination of reserve requirements of the Verlorenvlei estuarine lake, west coast, South Africa." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 6 (June 24, 2019): 2679–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2679-2019.
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Abstract. River systems that support high biodiversity profiles are conservation priorities worldwide. Understanding river ecosystem thresholds to low-flow conditions is important for the conservation of these systems. While climatic variations are likely to impact the streamflow variability of many river courses into the future, understanding specific river flow dynamics with regard to streamflow variability and aquifer baseflow contributions is central to the implementation of protection strategies. While streamflow is a measurable quantity, baseflow has to be estimated or calculated through the incorporation of hydrogeological variables. In this study, the groundwater components within the J2000 rainfall–runoff model were distributed to provide daily baseflow and streamflow estimates needed for reserve determination. The modelling approach was applied to the RAMSAR-listed Verlorenvlei estuarine lake system on the west coast of South Africa, which is under threat due to agricultural expansion and climatic fluctuations. The sub-catchment consists of four main tributaries, Krom Antonies, Hol, Bergvallei and Kruismans. Of these, Krom Antonies was initially presumed the largest baseflow contributor, but was shown to have significant streamflow variability attributed to the highly conductive nature of the Table Mountain Group sandstones and Quaternary sediments. Instead, Bergvallei was identified as the major contributor of baseflow. Hol was the least susceptible to streamflow fluctuations due to the higher baseflow proportion (56 %) as well as the dominance of less conductive Malmesbury shales that underlie it. The estimated flow exceedance probabilities indicated that during the 2008–2017 wet cycle average lake inflows exceeded the average evaporation demand, although yearly rainfall is twice as variable in comparison to the first wet cycle between 1987 and 1996. During the 1997–2007 dry cycle, average lake inflows are exceeded 85 % of the time by the evaporation demand. The exceedance probabilities estimated here suggest that inflows from the four main tributaries are not enough to support Verlorenvlei, with the evaporation demand of the entire lake being met only 35 % of the time. This highlights the importance of low-occurrence events for filling up Verlorenvlei, allowing for regeneration of lake-supported ecosystems. As climate change drives increased temperatures and rainfall variability, the length of dry cycles is likely to increase into the future and result in the lake drying up more frequently. For this reason, it is important to ensure that water resources are not over-allocated during wet cycles, hindering ecosystem regeneration and prolonging the length of these dry cycle conditions.
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Markovitz, Rebecca, John (Pete) S. Lollar, John F. Healey, Ernest T. Parker, and Shannon Meeks. "The Structural and Functional Diversity of the Humoral Immune Response to the A2 Domain of Human Factor VIII." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2247.2247.
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Abstract Abstract 2247 Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder that is caused by a deficiency or defect of factor VIII (fVIII) coagulant protein. The major complication of treatment is the development of anti-fVIII antibodies (inhibitors) in approximately 20–30% of patients with severe hemophilia A. The majority of these inhibitors are directed against the A2 or C2 domains (Prescott R et al. Blood 1997). This study examines the structural and functional diversity of the humoral immune response to the A2 domain of human fVIII. A panel of 24 murine anti-A2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) produced in our laboratory plus MAb413 (American Red Cross) and GMA012 (Green Mountain, Burlington, VA) were used in this study. Previous studies have shown that anti-C2 MAbs produced from murine anti-fVIII hybridomas had a similar spectrum of epitopes to those found in inhibitor patient plasmas (Meeks SL et al. Blood 2008). A competition sandwich ELISA with immobilized anti-A2 primary MAb, human fVIII, biotinylated anti-A2 secondary MAb and streptavidin–alkaline phosphatase conjugate for detection was used to determine overlapping epitopes. Each antibody was used as both a capture and detection antibody. Antibody pairs were classified as having non-overlapping or overlapping epitopes based on whether the binding of the secondary antibody was present or absent, respectively. Porcine/human hybrid fVIII proteins were employed in a direct ELISA to fine map the epitopes of the anti-A2 MAbs. The results of both the competition and human/porcine mapping ELISAs were compiled into a Venn diagram describing overlapping epitopes for all MAbs. Functional mapping of the MAbs included fVIII inhibitor titers by modified Bethesda assay, inhibition in a purified intrinsic Xase assay, and inhibition of thrombin cleavage of fVIII. Thrombin activation assays were run with varying concentrations of MAbs, and fVIII cleavage by thrombin was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The competition ELISA results demonstrated 7 non-overlapping epitopes on the A2 domain of human fVIII (Figure 1). In addition, the human/porcine mapping ELISA revealed that the epitopes of the anti-A2 MAbs covered the majority of the A2 domain. The inhibitor titers of the anti-A2 MAbs ranged from non-inhibitory to 40,000 Bethesda units (BU)/mg IgG (Table). The inhibitory MAbs displayed both type I (greater than 95% inhibition at saturating MAb concentrations) and type II-(incomplete inhibition at saturating MAb concentrations) behavior. MAb413, a group D MAb, noncompetitively inhibits factor VIIIa cofactor activity without affecting thrombin cleavage. 2–54, a group G MAb, inhibits thrombin cleavage of both heavy and light chains. In contrast, 1D4, which overlaps groups B, E, and F, only inhibited light chain cleavage. Overall these results indicate that the humoral immune response to the A2 domain of fVIII is complex in terms of both structural and functional epitopes. These anti-A2 MAbs were found to target 7 non-overlapping epitopes spanning the majority of the A2 domain. Elucidation of the structural and functional complexity of the anti-A2 repertoire will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of A2 inhibitors.Table:A2 MAb CharacteristicsMAbInhibitor Titer (BU/mg)GroupStructural EpitopeB25100A444–5082G10500B468–484G323000C468–508MAb41321,000D484–5082–934E541–604B664000F604–7402–5433,000G508–541, 604–740 Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Fast, Andrew J., Mark J. Ducey, Jeffrey H. Gove, and William B. Leak. "Dating Tree Mortality Using Log Decay in the White Mountains of New Hampshire." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/25.3.154.
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Abstract Coarse woody material (CWM) is an important component of forest ecosystems. To meet specific CWM management objectives, it is important to understand rates of decay. We present results from a silvicultural trial at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, in which time of death is known for a large sample of trees. Either a simple table or regression equations that use diameter, species group, and decay class can be used to predict time since mortality for a given log.
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Bartha, Dénes, and Viktor Tiborcz. "Analysis of the Transdanubian region of Hungary according to plant species diversity and floristic geoelement categories." Folia Oecologica 44, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foecol-2017-0001.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the proportion of floristic geoelements and plant biodiversity in the macroregions of Transdanubia. The core data source used for the analysis was the database of the Hungarian Flora Mapping Programme. The analysed data were summarized in tables and distribution maps. The percentage of continental elements was higher in dry areas, whereas the proportion of circumboreal elements was higher in humid and rainy parts of Transdanubia. According to the climatic zones, the highest value of continental geoelement group occurred in the forest-steppe zone. The plant species diversity and geoelements were analysed also on a lower scale, with Transdanubia specified into five macroregions. The highest diversity values were found in the Transdanubian Mountain and West-Transdanubian regions because of the climatic, topographic, and habitat diversity.
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Tashi, Tsewang, Dottie Hussey, Felipe R. Lorenzo V, Parvaiz Koul, and Josef T. Prchal. "High Altitude Genetic Adaptation In Tibetans Does Not Include Increased Hemoglobin-Oxygen Affinity." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.937.937.
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Abstract Increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity has been shown to be an adaptive response to hypoxia in many high altitude animals such as the Andean goose, guinea pig and llamas (Reynafarje C. 1975; Hebbel R. 1978). It has been reported that people living in a high altitude, hypoxic environment have also developed a similar adaptation. Native Tibetans are known to have lived at an average of 3000-5000 meters on the Tibetan Plateau for more than 20,000 years, and have undergone genetic adaptations that have enabled them to thrive in this reduced oxygen environment. Most Tibetans are thus protected from polycythemia and other features of chronic mountain sickness. Several studies have reported higher arterial oxygen saturations among Tibetans as part of their genetic adaptation (Beall C. 1994; Moore L. 2001; Niermeyer S. 1995), thereby concluding that they have higher hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. Further, recent genomic studies have reported that beta-globin haplotypes (HBB and HBG2) have been selected in Tibetans, suggesting the presence of hemoglobin variants as a beneficial factor of Tibetan adaptation (Yi. 2010). However, some of the reports of increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity are based on single readings of arterial oxygen measurements. Hemoglobin-oxygen affinity is more optimally measured by deriving the P50 value, which is the partial pressure of oxygen at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated with oxygen. A decreased P50 can be due to mutated globin genes resulting in high oxygen affinity hemoglobins, low 2,3 BPG, high pH or low temperature. The hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation is optimally derived by hemoximeter measurements of the percent saturation of hemoglobin at various partial pressures of oxygen. The resultant curve has a sigmoid shape due to the cooperative binding of oxygen to the four globins in the hemoglobin tetramer; this cooperative interaction can be enumerated as a Hill coefficient “n”. If a hemoximeter is not readily available, the P50 can be estimated from the venous blood gas using the measured pO2, hemoglobin oxygen percent saturation O2%, and pH (Lichtman M. 1976); however the Hill coefficient “n” cannot be derived by this method. To definitely establish whether the Tibetan adaptation to high altitude hypoxia involves increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, we conducted the following study of direct and indirect oxygen-hemoglobin affinity among Tibetans living at two different altitudes. We enrolled 14 healthy ethnic Tibetans and one closely related Nepalese Sherpa. There were 8 males and 7 females ages ranging 35-75 years. The first group consisted of 5 ethnic Tibetans living in Srinagar, India (1,600 meters), on whom venous blood gases were done and the P50 was derived using pH, PO2 and O2 saturation using the formula described by Lichtman and colleagues. Three were born in Tibet and two were offspring of Tibet-born parents. The second group consisted of 10 volunteers (9 Tibetans and one Nepalese Sherpa) residing in Salt Lake City, UT, (1,300 meters) whose peripheral blood was evaluated by Hemox Analyzer for obtaining P50 values and “n” Hill coefficients for hemoglobin oxygen binding. All the ethnic Tibetans in Salt Lake City were born in Tibet except for one, and the Nepalese Sherpa was born in Nepal. The results are depicted in Table. The P50 measured by venous blood gases on the Tibetan volunteers from Srinagar, India and those measured by Hemox Analyzer on the 10 volunteers from Salt Lake City, UT were normal, with values in the normal range (22-28 mmHg). No hemoglobin variants were detected by high pressure liquid chromatography in these 15 Tibetan volunteers.TableSubject IDP50 (mmHg)“n” Hill CoefficientS 0526.38n/aS 0825.95S 1326.55S 1523.68S 2722.72U 1926.962.97U 2025.162.83U 2124.202.89U 2225.462.84U 2322.502.89U 2424.062.87U 2524.282.83U 2622.352.82U 2723.292.79U 2825.992.75 We report no evidence for the presence of high hemoglobin-oxygen affinity in Tibetans as a constituent of their genetic adaptation. Our data rule out the existence of hemoglobin variants and aberrant 2,3 BPG metabolism as possible features of Tibetan high-altitude adaptation; however acquired transient metabolic alterations at high altitudes, cannot be excluded to account for possible changes in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity but these are not evolved persistent features of Tibetan genetic adaptation. Studies of Tibetans living in these extreme hypoxic environment (>4,000m) are now planned. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Saad, Stephan, Neil Mina, Colin Lee, and Kevin Afra. "1689. Oral Beta-lactam Step Down in Bacteremic E. coli Urinary Tract Infections." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S828—S829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1867.
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Abstract Background Literature is scarce regarding oral step down to beta-lactams in bacteremic urinary tract infections. Oral fluoroquinolones are an accepted and common step down for bacteremic urinary tract infections; however, their use is associated with mounting safety concerns. We compared clinical cure in patients with E. coli bacteremic urinary tract infections who were stepped down to oral beta-lactams compared to oral fluoroquinolones. Methods This multicentre retrospective cohort study included patients with first positive concurrent urine and blood cultures from January 2016 to December 2016. Patients were included if they received empiric intravenous beta-lactam therapy with step down to either oral beta-lactam or fluoroquinolone for treatment completion. The primary outcome was clinical cure. Secondary outcomes were length of hospitalization, all-cause mortality and C. difficile infection. Multivariate analysis and propensity score were used to control for confounding. Results A total of 207 patients were identified with bacteremic E.coli urinary tract infections. Clinical cure was achieved in 72/77 (94%) in the oral beta-lactam group versus 127/130 (98%) in the oral fluoroquinolone group (absolute difference -4.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -10.3% to 1.9%, p=0.13). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for clinical cure with oral beta-lactams was 0.31 (95% CI 0.05 – 1.90, p=0.21); propensity score adjusted analysis showed a similar result. There was no statistically significant difference in secondary outcomes. Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Conclusion Oral beta-lactams appear to be a safe and effective step down option in bacteremic E. coli urinary tract infections compared to oral fluoroquinolones. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Lincoln, Bruce. "An Early Moment in the Discourse of “Terrorism:” Reflections on a Tale from Marco Polo." Comparative Studies in Society and History 48, no. 2 (March 8, 2006): 242–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417506000107.
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My goal in this paper is to revisit a classic text that raises the most contemporary of issues: Marco Polo's stereotyped, highly influential, and highly prejudicial description of the “Old Man of the Mountain,” a text of virtually mythic status and power. Having invoked the category of “myth,” however, in a context where it is not commonly applied, it is useful to indicate how I use this term and why it seems appropriate. To begin, I would reject three widely accepted notions. First, myths are not sacred narratives. Although many myths claim sacred status, in this they misrecognize their own nature, for they are human stories, like any other. They simply make more exaggerated claims to a more elevated kind of authority. Second, myths are not collective narratives or the speech of any group as a whole. Rather, they are stories that are told and retold in countless variants. Often the authorship of these variants is unacknowledged, forgotten, or deliberately hidden, but in its details each variant advances the specific interests of those responsible for its production, revision, and circulation. These anonymous agents and absent authors misrepresent themselves—and those for whom they speak—as the group as a whole. Third, myths are neither false stories, nor true, but simply stories that claim to speak with authority about issues of deep importance. Sometimes these claims succeed and sometimes they fail, and the same story can change its status over time from myth to fable and back again, since such status is a function of reception.
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WITKOWSKI, MACIEJ, and EWA NOWICKA. "A tale of one home, one fence, and one bridge: Roma and non-Roma perspectives." Romani Studies: Volume 31, Issue 1 31, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/rs.2021.4.
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In this article, the authors unveil the social context surrounding a publicly funded project to improve the extremely poor housing conditions of a Roma community in Poland. The focus was on one Carpathian mountain village in which a Bergitka Roma settlement has existed for more than 80 years. A brand-new apartment house for the local Roma minority partly replaced the earlier settlement in a village populated by Górale, a highlander group that is the local majority. At present about 70 Roma live in the new building. The ethnographic material was obtained during fieldwork carried out in 1994-2017. Herein the authors reconstruct the most significant moments in this investment from different points of view: the Roma and non-Roma neighbors. Each side interprets the fact in its own, rather paradoxical manner; each side has learned different new things in the process. The ambitious housing policy undoubtedly led to improvement of the Roma standard of living; it did not, however, increase the extent of their integration. The natural geology as well as manmade elements (e.g. a fence and a bridge) create and maintain boundaries. Nevertheless, analysis of the broader social context is decidedly more crucial than an analysis of facts. Ultimately, the sense of such publicly funded housing projects needs to be scrutinized from the diverse perspectives within the local community.
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Piestrzyński, Adam, and Krzysztof Kowalik. "Argentopentlandite from barite vein in Zagórze Śląskie, Lower Silesia; a first occurrence in Poland." Mineralogia 45, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2015): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2015-0001.
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Abstract Argentopentlandite has been found in samples collected on the dump of the Michael mine, an old silver mine in Zagórze Śląskie in the northern part of the Góry Sowie mountains. Though argentopentlandite is not a very common mineral, it is well known from high-temperature hydrothermal veins and from Ni-Cu deposits hosted in ultramafic rocks also containing platinum-group minerals. The argentopentlandite has been recognized in a sulphide nest in association with pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite in massive barite. In comparison to other occurrences (see Table 2), this mineral is characterized by a low Ni content (ave. 16.02wt% - EDS; 16.43wt% - WDS), a lack of cobalt and a relatively high copper content (ave. 2.13wt% - EDS; 1.55wt% - WDS). Based on these data, it can be concluded that the argentopentlandite, and the associated sulphides, were precipitated from hydrothermal fluids shortly after barite, the major vein constituent. As the optical properties of the argentopentlandite in reflected light are rather similar to those of bornite, it can be overlooked during routine observations. Thus, argentopentlandite or associated ore mineralization may also occur in other barite veins in the area.
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Rutherford, Susan, Peter G. Wilson, Maurizio Rossetto, and Stephen P. Bonser. "Phylogenomics of the green ash eucalypts (Myrtaceae): a tale of reticulate evolution and misidentification." Australian Systematic Botany 28, no. 6 (2015): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15038.
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Eucalyptus is a genus that occurs in a range of habitats in Australia, Papua New Guinea, Timor, Sulawesi and the Philippines, with several species being used as sources of timber and fibre. However, despite its ecological and commercial significance, understanding its evolutionary history remains a challenge. The focus of the present study is the green ashes (subgenus Eucalyptus section Eucalyptus). Although previous studies, based primarily on morphology, suggest that the green ashes form a monophyletic group, there has been disagreement concerning the divergence of taxa. The present study aims to estimate the phylogeny of the green ashes and closely related eucalypts (37 taxa from over 50 locations in south-eastern Australia), using genome-wide analyses based on Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT). Results of analyses were similar in topology and consistent with previous phylogenies based on sequence data. Many of the relationships supported those proposed by earlier workers. However, other relationships, particularly of taxa within the Sydney region and Blue Mountains, were not consistent with previous classifications. These findings raise important questions concerning how we define species and discern relationships in Eucalyptus and may have implications for other plant species, particularly those with a complex evolutionary history where hybridisation and recombination have occurred.