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Sadiku, Matthew N. O., Nana K. Ampah, and Sarhan M. Musa. "Tablet Computers." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 1582–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17115.
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Hasson, Kahtan J. "Comparative study for the dissolution of Isosorbide dinitrate tablets in commercial products." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v9i1.267.
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Isosorbide dinitrate is prepared as a solid dosage forms, and found in the market as a sublingual tablet or conventional tablet of 10mg for oral administration which is subjected to the dissolution study.In this present work, different commercial products of Isosorbide dinitrate tablets were subjected to dissolution test according to USP method which includes an HPLC determination. The dissolution profiles of three commercial products of isosorbide dintrate tablets and preformulated product were evaluated by comparing with that of reference standard (European product. Actavis Co.) .Due to low bioequivalenceis of all the commercial products relative to the reference standard, attempts were made to improve the formula of the experimental batch of isosorbide dinitrate tablet by enhancing the dissolution rate and increase the stability of the active substances via the Using of a direct compression method in manufacturing of isosorbide dinitrate tablet which on testing showed a high dissolution rate with optimal physical properties of tables.
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Begum, S. Gousia, A. Sireesha Bai, G. Kalpana, P. Mounika, and J. Aneesa Chandini. "REVIEW ON TABLET MANUFACTURING MACHINES AND TABLET MANUFACTURING DEFECTS." Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science 5, no. 2 (2018): 1479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2018.5.2.11.
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Bracken, Louise, Emma McDonough, Joanne Shakeshaft, Fiona Wilson, Udeme Ohia, Mohamed A. Alhnan, Rober Habashy, Robert Forbes, and Matthew Peak. "SP8 Creating acceptable tablets 3D (CAT 3D): a feasibility study to evaluate the mouthfeel of 3D printed tablets in children and young people." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): e5.1-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.8.
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AimTo evaluate the feasibility of a study investigating the mouthfeel of different sized 3D printed placebo solid dosage forms (SDFs) in children and young people (CYP) aged 4–12 years.MethodAll participants in the CAT 3D Study had previously participated in the Creating Acceptable Tablets (CAT) Study, a feasibility study which assessed the swallowability and acceptability of different sized placebo tablets, and therefore only attempted to swallow one 3D printed tablet. If the participant had successfully swallowed all three tablet sizes in the CAT Study (6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm) they were then randomised to receive any of the 3D printed tablets – 6 mm, 8 mm or 10 mm diameter. If a participant had not successfully swallowed all tablet sizes, they were allocated a 3D printed tablet of equal size to the largest tablet they had successfully swallowed in the CAT Study. Following informed consent, participants were shown a short video demonstrating how to swallow a tablet. Participants were then provided with the sample 3D tablet and 150 mL of still water in a cup. The volume of water required to swallow the tablet was measured, and further water was provided, where requested. The researcher observed and recorded the child’s facial expressions as they swallowed the tablet1, and an internal inspection of the mouth was conducted by the researcher to identify any residue or non-swallowed tablet.2 The participants assessed the swallowability, acceptability, mouthfeel and taste of the sample using a 5-point hedonic facial scale on a participant questionnaire. Faces 1–3 on the hedonic scale were deemed acceptable to the participant. The participants were also asked if the 3D printed tablet was a medicine, would they be willing to take it every day. In addition, they were asked which tablet felt better in the mouth as a comparison of mouthfeel between the GMP manufactured coated tablets (CAT study tablets) and the 3D printed tablets.ResultsA total of 30 participants were recruited to the CAT 3D Study, 87% of whom successfully swallowed the 3D printed tablet that they attempted to take. Attributes of the 3D printed tablets were scored as acceptable by the following percentage of participants – swallowability (80%), mouthfeel/texture (87%), volume (80%), acceptability (83%) and taste (93%). 77% of children advised they would be happy to take the tablet every day if it were a medicine. Participants were also asked which tablets felt better in the mouth – the CAT tablets or the 3D printed CAT 3D tablets, and the most popular response was that both felt ok (43%).ConclusionsThe data from this study shows that 3D printed SDFs may be a suitable dosage form for children aged 4–12 years. The results from this feasibility study will be used to inform a larger, definitive study looking at the mouthfeel of 3D printed tablets in children.ReferencesZeinstra GG, Koelen MA, Colindres D, et al. Facial expressions in school-aged children are a good indicator of ‘dislikes’, but not of ‘likes’. Food Quality and Preference 2009 December 2009; 20:620–624.Klingmann V, Spomer N, Lerch C, et al. Favorable acceptance of mini-tablets compared with syrup: a randomized controlled trial in infants and preschool children. The Journal of Pediatrics 2013 December 2013;163:1728–1732.e1.
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Nolly, Robert J., Patrick Rodrigues, and Laura Thoma. "Weight Variability of Scored and Unscored Psychotropic Drug Tablets Split by a Uniquely Designed Tablet Splitting Device." Hospital Pharmacy 40, no. 4 (April 2005): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001857870504000406.
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Tablets of three psychotropic drugs were split using a uniquely designed tablet splitting device, the Tru-Cut Multi-Tablet Cutter, and evaluated for weight variation utilizing criteria based on the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) <27> Uniformity of Dosage Units Content Uniformity Criteria. Whole tablets of Risperdal 2 mg and 4 mg, Paxil 20 mg and 40 mg, and Zoloft 100 mg were split by a device that positioned tablets in tablet specific disposable trays for splitting. Each half tablet weight was recorded utilizing a digital electronic balance. Weight variability was determined by comparing actual half tablet weight to theoretical half tablet weight and calculation of the relative standard deviation. Results showed half tablets of all drugs met the weight variation criteria resulting in uniform half tablet dosages as defined by the criteria.
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Karandule, Akshay, Komal Madake, Rajeshwari Khairnar, and Rupali Tasgaonkar. "Tablet Binders." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48663.
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Abstract: The tablet formulation contains binders that increase the interparticulate bond power inside the tablet. Research and progress of novel accessories remains a priority for potential use as a binder in formulations tablet. Tablet binder or binding agent are the substances that are added either dry or in liquid form during wet granulation to form granules or to promote cohesive compacts for directly compressed tablets. E.g., starch, pregelatinized starch, PEG, sorbitol, and HPMC, etc. Tablet Binder and disintegrants have the opposite used in an oral solid formulation. Binder delay tablet disintegration while disintegrant increase tablet disintegration. They play a vital role in making sure pellets or granules and tablets remain in shape until they reach their target by holding all ingredients (API and Excipients) together in any solid dosage form. Selecting the correct binder is critical to maintaining the integrity of the tablet. Natural binders such as various starches, Gums, mucus and dried fruits, among other things, have the ability to bind. Features such as Natural polymers, fillers, and disintegrants are also safe more economical than synthetic polymers
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Jacques, Emmanuel Reginald, and Paschalis Alexandridis. "Tablet Scoring: Current Practice, Fundamentals, and Knowledge Gaps." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153066.
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Oral solid dosage formulations and/or tablets have remained the preferred route of administration by both patients and health care practitioners. Oral tablets are easy to administer, they are non-invasive and cause less risk adversity. Because of the lack of commercially available tablet dose options, tablets are being split or partitioned by users. Tablet scoring refers to the breakage of a tablet to attain a desired efficacy dose and is an emerging concept in the pharmaceutical industry. The primary reason for the tablet scoring practice is to adjust the dose: dose tapering or dose titrating. Other reasons for tablet partitioning are to facilitate dose administration, particularly among the pediatric and the geriatric patient population, and to mitigating the high cost of prescription drugs. The scope of this review is to: (1) evaluate the advantages and inconveniences associated with tablet scoring/portioning, and (2) identify factors in the formulation and the manufacturing of tablets that influence tablet splitting. Whereas tablet partitioning has been a common practice, there is a lack of understanding regarding the fundamentals underpinning the performance of tablets with respect to splitting. Several factors can influence tablet partitioning: tablet size, shape, and thickness. A requirement has recently been set by the European Pharmacopoeia and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the uniformity of mass of subdivided tablets. For breaking ease, an in-vivo reference test and a routinely applicable in-vitro test need to be established.
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Siti Mursidatur Rohmah, Dewi Rashati,. "UJI FISIK FORMULASI TABLET FLOATING TEOFILIN DENGAN MATRIK HPMC." JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI AKADEMI FARMASI JEMBER 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53864/jifakfar.v1i1.6.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the physical properties of theophylline floating tablet formulation with HPMC as matrix. Floating tablets of theophylline is manufactured by direct compression. Composition per tablet formulation consisting of theophylline 270 mg, HPMC, avicel, magnesium stearate, and sodium bicarbonate. The results of data showed average of tablet weight uniformity 501mg, tablet hardness 6,99 kg, tablet friability 0,593%, disintegration time of tablets 738 seconds, floating lag time (FLT) 584,3 seconds and floating duration time (FDT) more than 8 hours. Floating tablet formulation of theophylline resulted in a good physical test.Keyword: floating, theophylline, HPMC, tablet
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Nilausen, D., R. Linde, and J. van Gerven. "Theperception of a new orally dispersible escitalopram tablet - in a bioequivalence study." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72975-3.
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IntroductionRapidly dissolving oral dispersible tablets (ODT) have been developed to overcome problems related to swallowing.ObjectivesEstablish bioequivalence between ODT and the immediate release (IR) escitalopram tablet and determine its perception by healthy subjects.MethodsIn a randomized, open-label, cross-over design, 30 healthy men received 20 mg escitalopram as ODT tablets (2 × 10 mg or 1 × 20 mg) or conventional tablets. Twenty blood samples were collected after each dose administration and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental methods. Safety was assessed by self-reported adverse events (AE) and vital signs. Subjects completed a questionnaire relating to their perception of the ODT.ResultsStatistical analysis of systemic exposure to escitalopram showed that ODT was bioequivalent to IR escitalopram for the primary (log-transformed AUC0-inf and Cmax) and secondary parameters (Table 1). AE incidence was similar for both dosage forms and all AEs considered related to escitalopram were mild. There were no serious AEs. Subjects found the ODT to have a pleasant texture (98%), size (95%), a pleasant mint/peppermint taste (86%), and suitable for long-term treatment (96%).ConclusionODT escitalopram was bioequivalent to the conventional tablet. Based on the subjects’ perception of taste, texture and size ODT escitalopram is a convenient and pleasant alternative to the conventional tablet.[Table 1]
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Luke, Stefani, Martha Ervina, and Lannie Hadisoewignyo. "Optimization of Coating Formula of White Pomegranate Peel Extract (Punica granatum L.) Film Coated Tablet Using Kollicoat Protect." Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31869/ijpr.v1i1.1993.
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White pomegranate peel has many kinds uses, one of them as antimalaria. The unpleasant appearance and bitter taste of white pomegranate peel tablet can be covered by film coated using Kollicoat Protect. This research aimed to determine the effect of concentration and type of solvent used as a coating on the physical properties of the coated tablets and determine the optimum formula. Tablets were made using direct compression method and then coated using Kollicoat Protect. The optimization of coating formula was performed using a factorial design with design expert software ver 10.0. Responses used were tablet hardness, friability, disintegration time and increasing tablet mass. The results of this study showed that Kollicoat Protect cause increase of weight gain tablets and decrease the tablet friability, but prolong the disintegration time of tablets and decrease the tablet hardness while type of solvent can increase of weight gain tablets, tablet hardness, and decrease the tablet friability but prolong the disintegration time of tablets. The optimum combination formula was Kollicoat Protect at 13.6% and combination of water:alcohol (1:0.863) (w/v) with a theoretical response to weight gain of 2.340%; hardness 7.950 kp; friability 0.022%; and disintegration time 20.938 minutes.
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Sari, Rodiah Nurbaya, Hari Eko Irianto, and Ema Hastarini. "Production of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Concentrate Tablets from Sardinella sp. Oil." E3S Web of Conferences 147 (2020): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014703008.
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Tablets are medicinal ingredients in solid dosage forms which are usually prepared with suitable pharmaceutical ingredients. In this study, unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil was used as raw material and then it was microencapsulated. The microcapsule was formulated into a tablet with proportion of 250 mg concentrated unsaturated fatty acids for each 450 mg tablet. Tablet granules were analyzed for compressibility, flow rate, and fixed angle. While, the tablets were determined for weight uniformity, released time, hardness, and tablet size uniformity. The results showed that compressibility, flow rate and fixed angle of the tablet granules were 5.6%; 10.36 g/sec; and 32.4° respectively. Tablets had 447.85 mg weight uniformity; 48’12” released time; and 0.775 kg hardness. In addition, the tablet size uniformity with diameter 10 mm and thickness 4 mm was 2.5. Based on the pharmacopoeia, the tablets of unsaturated fatty acids concentrate from Sardinella sp. oil had met these requirements, but optimization was still needed for improving the released time and hardness of the tablet.
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Rawas-Qalaji, Mutasem M., F. Estelle R. Simons, and Keith J. Simons. "Fast-Disintegrating Sublingual Epinephrine Tablets: Effect of Tablet Dimensions on Tablet Characteristics." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 33, no. 5 (January 2007): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639040600897150.
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Kailash Sahu, Vimlendu Kumar, Pooja Lodhi, and Bhaskar Kumar Gupta. "Different types of pharmaceutical tablets used for treatment of diseases." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 21, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.21.2.0398.
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In modern age of revolution and development in drug delivery for better clinical effects conventional dosages form have still a strong grip and most popular in all kinds of medicinal preparation intended for oral use. To satisfy the need of growing market tablets dosages form have incorporated modernization in producing and some advanced tablet types. Modified release tablet formulations including, layered tablets such as In +--lay tablet, Bi-layered tablet, Medicated chewing gum, Tablet tarts, Pastilles, Lollipop, Tablet inserts, Clinicaps, Caplets, Child ecstasy tablet and Tablet in tablet are new entries in pharmaceutical market. This review highlights the current advancements and patents in tablet technology. Recent advances in novel drug delivery system (NDDS) aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to achieve better patient compliance. In the recent trend one such approach the development of rapid disintegrating tablets formulation is emerging and gaining popularity because it is easy to administer and leads to better patient compliance. These dosage forms are placed in the mouth, allowed to disperse or dissolve in the saliva. They release the drug as soon as they come in contact with the saliva, thus obviating the need for water during administration. The aim of this article is to review the progress of the evolving technologies and super disintegrating agents in the formulation, manufacturing and evaluation of these tablets. This article also discusses the new evaluation methodologies for these rapid disintegrating tablets. Various modifications in the conventional evaluation and use of specialized instruments are found to be essential in the testing of these dosage forms. In the present review the formulation techniques and different technologies are discussed.
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Suprapto, Muhamad Eza, Santi Rosniawaty, and Mira Ariyanti. "Pengaruh Pupuk Kompos Kulit Buah Kakao Dan Pupuk Tablet Terhadap Produksi Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v6i1.76.
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Cocoa is one of the estate crop whose role is quite important for the national economy, particularly as a provider of employment, income and foreign exchange. The high export opportunities of cocoa beans has not been followed by the production of cocoa beans in Indonesian. The production of dried cacao beans in Indonesia is still low. The low productivity of seeds generally caused by Cherelle wilt of cacao. Wilting occurs due to inability of the cherelle to compete with the other cherelle in absorbing nutrients. Fertilization is an effort to maintain and fulfill the nutrients in the plants. This research is aimed to assess the effect of fertilization using cocoa pod husk and NPK tablets fertilization on cocoa crop yields. This experiment was conducted at PT. PP. Bajabang Indonesia, Cipeundeuy, West Bandung regency from December 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was conducted using a Simple Randomized Block Design that consists 10 treatments: control, single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/tree + single N, P, K fertilizer 297 g/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree, NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree, cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 10 tablets/tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/ tree, cocoa pod husk 18 kg/ tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 10 tablets/tree. The result of experiment showed that there was an influence of cocoa pod husk and NPK tablet fertilizer on cocoa fruit weight at 12 MSP, that is cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree. Number of cherelle wilted at 12 MSP with cocoa pod husk 9 kg/tree + NPK tablet fertilizer 20 tablets/tree.
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Wang, Yifei, Zhisheng Wu, Zhaoyi Wang, Manfei Xu, Xinyuan Shi, and Yanjiang Qiao. "Rapid analysis of spatial distribution of PVPP and hardness of Yinhuang dispersible tablets by NIR-CI." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 09, no. 02 (March 2016): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545815500169.
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The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between tablet hardness and homogeneity of different Yinhuang dispersible tablets by near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) technology. The regularity of best hardness was founded between tablet hardness and the spatial distribution uniformity of Yinhuang dispersible tablets. The ingredients homogeneity of Yinhuang dispersible tablets could be spatially determined using basic analysis of correlation between analysis (BACRA) method and binary image. Then different hardnesses of Yinhuang dispersible tablets were measured. Finally, the regularity between tablet hardness and the spatial distribution uniformity of Yinhuang dispersible tablets was illuminated by quantifying the agglomerate of polyvinyl poly pyrrolidone (PVPP). The result demonstrated that the distribution of PVPP was unstable when the hardness was too large or too small, while the agglomerate of PVPP was smaller and more stable when the best tablet hardness was 75[Formula: see text]N. This paper provided a novel methodology for selecting the best hardness in the tabletting process of Chinese Medicine Tablet.
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Rokhmah, Nisa Najwa, Erni Rustiani, and Muhamad Nur Ambiya. "EFEKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES TABLET POLIHERBAL PADA MODEL TIKUS DIABETIK." PROSIDING SERINA 1, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/pserina.v1i1.15384.
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Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmanii), Phaleria macrocarpa fruit, moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.), and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) are plants that often used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Each plant's antidiabetic activity is known, but the plant combination's synergistic effect is not apparent. The concept of polyherbal is to increase the therapeutic effect and decrease the concentration of a single polyherbal extract. The possibility of changing the bioavailability of polyherbal products in the form of simplicia into tablet form is a big challenge. This result was to test the effectiveness of the polyherbal tablet combination of 2 extracts, which can be antidiabetic. Three types of poly-herbal tablets used, namely a mixture of cinnamon - bay leaf (dose 1), a mixture of cinnamon - phaleria fruit (2) tablets, and a mixture of moringa leaves - bay leaf (3). The three types of polyherbal tablets were given orally two times a day to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Tablets are given for 24 days, and lowering blood glucose levels is carried out every specific time. The statistical analysis results showed a significant effect of the three polyherbal tablets in reducing blood sugar levels of diabetic rats. Polipoliherbal tablets mixed with cinnamon bark - the crown of gods were the most effective at reducing blood glucose levels in rats than other polyherbal tablets. Kulit batang kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanii), buah mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), daun kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) dan daun salam (Syzygium polyantum) merupakan tanaman yang sering digunakan untuk pengobatan diabetes melitus. Aktifitas antidiabetes masing-masing tanaman telah diketahui namun efek sinergis dari kombinasi tanaman tersebut belum jelas. Konsep polipoliherbal adalah meningkatkan efek terapi dan menurunkan konsentrasi ekstrak poliherbal tunggal. Kemungkinan perubahan bioavailabilitas produk poliherbal dalam bentuk simplisia diubah menjadi bentuk tablet merupakan tantangan besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji efektifitas tablet polipoliherbal kombinasi 2 ekstrak yang berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes. Tablet poliherbal yang digunakan sebanyak 3 jenis yaitu tablet campuran kayu manis - daun salam (dosis 1), tablet campuran kayu manis - mahkota dewa (dosis 2) dan tablet campuran daun kelor - daun salam (dosis 3). Ketiga jenis tablet poliherbal diberikan secara oral 2 kali sehari pada tikus diabetik yg diinduksi aloksan. Tablet diberikan selama 24 hari dan pengamatan terhadap efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah dilakukan setiap waktu tertentu. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari ketiga tablet polipoliherbal dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah tikus diabetik. Tablet polipoliherbal campuran kulit batang kayu manis - mahkota dewa paling efektif menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus dibandingkan tablet polipoliherbal lainnya
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Melo, Vivianne V., Gessyka R. Pereira, Amanda Q. Soares, Izabel C. Silva, Stephania F. Taveira, Marcílio Cunha-Filho, and Ricardo N. Marreto. "Prevalence of tablet splitting in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital." Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 2 (June 2, 2020): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.18549/pharmpract.2020.2.1910.
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Background: Although a highly common practice in hospital care, tablet splitting can cause dose variation and reduce drug stability, both of which impair drug therapy.
Objective: To determine the overall prevalence of tablet splitting in hospital care as evidence supporting the rational prescription of split tablets in hospitals.
Methods: Data collected from inpatients’ prescriptions were analyzed using descriptive statistics and used to calculate the overall prevalence of tablet splitting and the percentage of split tablets that had at least one lower-strength tablet available on the market. The associations between the overall prevalence and gender, age, and hospital unit of patients were also assessed. The results of laboratory tests, performed with a commercial splitter, allowed the calculation of the mass loss, mass variation, and friability of the split tablets.
Results: The overall prevalence of tablet splitting was 4.5%, and 78.5% of tablets prescribed to be split had at least one lower-strength tablet on the market. The prevalence of tablet splitting was significantly associated with the patient’s age and hospital unit. Laboratory tests revealed mean values of mass loss and variation of 8.7% (SD 1.8) and 11.7% (SD 2.3), respectively, both of which were significantly affected by the presence of coating and scoreline. Data from laboratory tests indicated that the quality of 12 of the 14 tablets deviated in at least one parameter examined.
Conclusions: The high percentage of unnecessary tablet splitting suggests that more regular, rational updates of the hospital’s list of standard medicines are needed. Also, inappropriate splitting behavior suggests the need to develop tablets with functional scores.
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Balcha Balla, Tamrat, Nisha MaryJoseph, and Anteneh Belete. "In Vitro Evaluation of Native Taro Boloso-I Starch as a Disintegrant in Tablet Formulations." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (December 24, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7576730.
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Introduction. In drug delivery, solid dosage forms, of which tablet is the commonest, are still the leading preferences. An area of research focus in tablet drug delivery is the search for tablet excipients. This study was aimed at evaluating and optimizing native Taro Boloso-I starch as a tablet disintegrant. Methods. The response surface method with central composite design (CCD-RSM) was used for the analysis and optimization of the concentration of native Taro Boloso-I starch and compression force. Wet granulation method was used for the preparation of paracetamol tablets. The response variables considered were tablet crushing strength, friability, and disintegration time. Results and Discussion. Both the native Taro Boloso-I starch concentration and compression force had increasing effect on the tablet breaking force. The friability of the tablets was shown to decrease with increasing levels of the disintegrant concentration. On the other hand, compression force had a decreasing effect on friability in the investigated range. The disintegration time of the tablets was found to decrease with the concentration of the starch. The paracetamol tablets prepared with the optimized levels of native Taro Boloso-I starch and compression force showed tablet breaking force of 116.24 N, friability of 0.153%, disintegration time of 1.36 min, disintegration efficiency ratio of 562.3 N/(%Min), and comparative disintegration efficiency ratio of 13.6 with respect to commercial potato starch. Conclusions. The tablets exhibited improved crushing strength, friability, in vitro disintegration time, and disintegration efficiency ratio which suggest the novel applicability of the native Taro Boloso-I starch as an efficient pharmaceutical tablet disintegrant.
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Gregg, R., C. Yun, S. Naik, M. Huyghe, J. Harris, R. Mohan, J. Nuss, and W. J. Sandborn. "P748 Pharmacokinetics, relative bioavailability, and dose proportionality of a tablet formulation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate-1 receptor modulator VTX002 (formerly OPL-002)." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (January 30, 2023): i878—i879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0878.
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Abstract Background VTX002 is an oral selective sphingosine 1-phosphate-1 receptor (S1P1R) modulator in clinical development for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Single and multiple doses of a spray-dried dispersion (SDD) oral suspension of VTX002 were well-tolerated up to 45 mg in a phase 1 study in healthy participants and were accompanied by dose proportional reductions in lymphocyte counts, an expected pharmacodynamic outcome of treatment.1 A separate phase 1 study compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of the SDD oral suspension and a tablet formulation of VTX002. Methods Healthy adult participants (N=12) were randomised (4 per dose group) in an open-label 3-way crossover study to receive single oral doses of 5 mg or 20 mg VTX002 tablets, or 20 mg VTX002 SDD suspension followed by at least a 1-week washout between each dose as shown in Fig. 1. Study assessments included: VTX002 plasma concentrations, PK parameters, change from baseline in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and adverse events (AE). Results A total of 10 participants completed the study. Mean plasma VTX002 concentrations were greatest with a single oral dose of 20 mg VTX002 SDD suspension (Fig. 2). The geometric mean peak (Cmax) and total (AUCinf) exposure to VTX002 were lower with the 5 mg (dose normalized to 20 mg tablet) and 20 mg VTX002 tablets compared to the 20 mg VTX002 SDD suspension (Table 1). Geometric mean ratios for the tablet and SDD formulations of VTX002 are shown in Table 2. Maximum percent (SD) reduction in ALC from baseline was greatest for the 20 mg VTX002 SDD suspension and was observed at 6 hours post-dose both for the SDD suspension and the 20 mg VTX002 tablet (59.9% [11.0%] and 51.6% [9.4%], respectively). The maximum percent reduction in ALC from baseline for the 5 mg VTX002 tablet was 22.4% (9.2%) which occurred 2 hours post-dose. A total of 23 AEs were reported; of which 19 were considered mild, and 4 were moderate. Conclusion All doses and formulations of VTX002 were well-tolerated and associated with ALC reductions. Data from this relative bioavailability study was used to convert the results from the prior phase 1 multiple ascending dose study performed with VTX002 SDD suspension to AUC equivalent tablet doses and enable tablet dose selection for phase 2. A phase 2 study of VTX002 tablets for treatment of UC is underway (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT05156125). 1Luo A, et al. 2020 Gastroenterology. 2020;158(6):S1188.
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Wiradnyani, Luh Ade Ari, Helda Khusun, and Endang Laksminingsih Achadi. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEPATUHAN IBU MENGONSUMSI TABLET BESI-FOLAT SELAMA KEHAMILAN." Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan 8, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2013.8.1.63-70.
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ABSTRACT<br />This review aims at compiling and summarizing findings of published studies that assessed factors associated with compliance of women to take recommended iron tablets during pregnancy. The review is done in 10 published studies (8 are 2002—<br />2010 publications and 2 are 1993—1994 publications) indexed in Pubmed with the above objective. Low utilization of antenatal care/ANC services is found to be associated with low compliance as it prevents the women to receive recommended number of the iron tablets as well as decrease the opportunity of women to have encouragement from health staff to take the tablets. Supply of tablets becomes the issue since not all women receiving 30 tablets/ANC visits as recommended. Studies on influence of side-effects of taking the tablets to compliance show inconclusive findings. Some studies found the effect is very minimal, and can be managed appropriately especially among more educated women and among women with adequate counseling. Studies also indicated that support from family is important to reduce possibility of pregnant women forgot to take the tablets, the other major factor of the low compliance. Quality of counseling, e.g. clarity of the messages, is associated with compliance. In conclusion, improving support from ANC provider (such as sufficient tablet supply, clear message on the tablets benefits) and support from family may contribute to better compliance of women towards maternal iron supplementation.<br />Keywords: compliance, iron supplementation, pregnancy<br />ABSTRAK<br />Review ini bertujuan mengumpulkan temuan studi yang mengukur faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu dalam mengonsumsi tablet besi selama kehamilan. Review dilakukan pada 10 studi (8 publikasi tahun 2002—2010, 2 publikasi tahun 1993—1994) yang terdaftar di Pubmed. Rendahnya partisipasi ibu hamil untuk memeriksakan kehamilannya/ANC berhubungan dengan rendahnya kepatuhan konsumsi tablet besi. Rendahnya kunjungan ANC membuat ibu tidak mendapat tablet dengan jumlah yang cukup dan mengurangi kesempatan ibu untuk mendapat dukungan dari petugas ANC untuk minum tablet besi sesuai anjuran. Suplai tablet juga menjadi penting karena tidak semua ibu mendapat 30 tablet pada setiap kunjungan ANC seperti seharusnya. Pengaruh efek samping konsumsi tablet besi terhadap kepatuhan ibu belum dapat disimpulkan. Pengaruh efek samping ditemukan sangat kecil dan dapat diatasi dengan baik terutama pada ibu dengan pendidikan yang lebih tinggi atau yang mendapat penyuluhan yang cukup. Studi juga menemukan bahwa dukungan keluarga sangat penting untuk membantu mengingatkan ibu untuk mengonsumsi tablet besi. Hal ini menjadi penting karena salah satu faktor utama rendahnya kepatuhan ibu adalah karena ibu lupa mengonsumsi tablet tersebut. Kualitas penyuluhan, misalnya kejelasan pesan dari petugas kesehatan, berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu. Sebagai kesimpulan, dukungan yang lebih baik pada ibu, baik dari petugas ANC (misalnya pemberian tablet besi dalam jumlah yang cukup, kejelasan pesan tentang manfaat tablet) maupun keluarga dapat berkontribusi pada kepatuhan yang lebih baik pada ibu hamil dalam mengonsumsi tablet besi.<br />Kata kunci: kehamilan, kepatuhan, suplementasi tablet besi
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Minić, Siniša. "Tablet technology in education." Zbornik radova Uciteljskog fakulteta Prizren-Leposavic, no. 11 (2017): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrufpl1711049m.
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Yılmaz Genç, Melek Merve, and Ayça Fidan. "Children, parents and tablets: Preschool children's tablet use." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 7, no. 3 (June 23, 2017): 367–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2017.014.
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The aim of this study is to examine preschoolers' tablet use and evaluate parents' opinions concerning it. To this end, the study made use of a case study design which is a means of qualitative research. The sample of the study consists of five preschoolers and their parents. The study data was gathered with observations related to preschoolers' tablet use, examinations of the applications in children's tablets and semi-structured interviews with parents. The analysis framework for tablet use was structured based on the document review process and data concerning observations and interviews underwent content analysis. The study findings suggest that parents have some specific criteria when determining tablet games, that they worry about children's tablet PC use but they take precautions against them. Also, entertaining children, parental effects and lack of outdoor games are other influential factors in tablet PC use. Parents also accept tablets as useful education tools. The study findings also demonstrate that preschoolers use tablets mainly for playing games, and that parents' knowledge about tablets is generally limited to game applications. The study results can be interpreted as that parents generally emphasize the educational features of game applications in tablets, and they are recommended and supported to learn about different applications so as to improve children's development.
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Chan-Olmsted, Sylvia, and Ronen Shay. "Understanding Tablet Consumers." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 93, no. 4 (July 10, 2016): 857–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699016644561.
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This exploratory study surveyed 379 undergraduate students at a southeastern university to investigate the factors that contribute to the consumer ownership of tablets, iPads, and dual adoption of both a tablet and smartphone. It also examines the factors that may predict a consumer’s likelihood to own a tablet in the future, given their current status as a non-owner. The findings consistently demonstrate the importance of perceived tablet usefulness, microblogging social media usage, and computer commerce in affecting tablet, iPad, and dual mobile device ownership.
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DuBuske, Lawrence. "Efficacy and safety of sublingual allergen immunotherapy." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2022.43.220036.
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Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablets represent a new allergen immunotherapy option for clinicians. In North America, there are five SLIT-tablets approved for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). No SLIT-drops products are currently approved in the United States or Canada. This work reviewed the efficacy of the timothy grass SLIT-tablet, five-grass SLIT-tablet, ragweed SLIT-tablet, house-dust mite SLIT-tablet, and tree SLIT-tablet in patients with ARC. All the SLIT-tablets showed consistent clinical efficacy for the treatment of ARC in large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, including for both patients who were monosensitized and those who were polysensitized. Treatment with house-dust mite SLIT-tablet has shown efficacy in patients who are pollen sensitized during their respective pollen seasons. In contrast to SLIT-tablets, efficacy studies of SLIT-drops show high heterogeneity of treatment effect. Although data are scarce, data that compared the efficacy of SLIT-tablets versus ARC pharmacotherapy generally indicated that SLIT-tablets had a greater benefit than pharmacotherapy when compared with placebo, particularly for perennial ARC. When compared with subcutaneous immunotherapy, analysis of these data indicated that SLIT-tablets had a benefit over subcutaneous immunotherapy in regard to safety but somewhat less benefit in regard to efficacy. The safety of SLIT-tablets has been well documented, and a U.S. Food and Drug Administration class label with safety considerations is present in the prescribing information for all SLIT-tablets. No new safety signals have been observed after reinitiating SLIT-tablets after a short treatment interruption.
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Aldridge, P. K., R. F. Mushinsky, M. M. Andino, and C. L. Evans. "Identification of Tablet Formulations inside Blister Packages by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 10 (October 1994): 1272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944027336.
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Near-infrared spectroscopy was evaluated as a method for nondestructively discriminating tablets containing an active drug from two placebo tablet formulations inside blister-packaged clinical supplies without removing the tablets from the blind study tablet cards. A custom sampling device was constructed to allow the spectra of individual tablets to be collected. Spectra of 165 tables were acquired over the wavelength range of 400 to 2500 nm. These tablets were of two different sizes and three formulations. The second derivatives of the spectra were calculated and randomly divided into two groups, each containing approximately half the samples. A factor-based library/model was constructed with the use of the second-derivative spectra from one of the groups over the wavelength range from 1600 to 2500 nm. The model was then validated by predicting the identity of the tablets in the remaining group. The identity and formulation of all the tablets were correctly predicted. This model was then used to confirm the identity of thousands of clinical trial samples. Apart from being nondestructive, the NIR method is less labor and time intensive than the previously used TLC assay.
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Widjayanti, Vinsensia Ivana, and Iwan Setiawan. "Formulasi Tablet Effervescent Ekstrak Sirih Cina (Peperomia pellucida L.) Dan Uji Aktivitas Terhadap Antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.18338.
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Chinese Betel herb (Peperomia pellucida L.) has flavonoid and saponin content compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth. The innovation of effervescent tablets used as disinfectants is not widely known in the Indonesian market. This preparation has the advantage of being easy to manufacture as a disinfectant. Chinese betel herb extract is formulated into an effervescent tablet preparation. This study aims to determine the influence on variations in the levels of binders and fillers in the physical properties of effervescent tablet preparations and determine the activity in the effervescent tablet formula of Chinese betel extract (Peperomia pellucida L.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Chinese betel herb extract is obtained through a maceration extraction process using methanol solvent for 5 days. The preparation of effervescent tablets is made 3 formulas, namely the concentration of binding substances 10%, 13%, 15%. Physical tests of tablet preparations include organoleptic tests, tablet hardness tests, tablet soluble time tests, size uniformity tests, weight uniformity tests,, fragility tests and antibacterial activity tests against Staphylococcus aureus with disc paper diffusion methods.The best formula tablets are formula I (PEG 10%) with uniformity of weight 525±17,014, tablet hardness 3,452±1,172, tablet fragility 0.264%, soluble time 1 minute 6 seconds, uniformity size 3.33±0.06. The results of antibacterial activity tests showed weak inhibitory power with an average formula value of 4.51±0.02.
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Samputri, Fatma Ryalda, and Novera Herdiani. "Pengetahuan dan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah pada Remaja Putri." MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA 21, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.21.1.69-73.
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Latar belakang: Tablet tambah darah adalah upaya pemerintah untuk menurunkan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri. Remaja putri yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang berisiko tidak mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah. Dukungan keluarga berperan penting pada kepatuhan mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah. Tujuan penulisan literature review ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengetahuan dan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah pada remaja putri.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian literature review. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan persamaan-persamaan antar kasus (method of aggrement) atau perbedaan-perbedaan pada kasus yang mirip (method of difference). Dengan mencari jurnal melalui portal garuda dan google scholar (2017-2021).Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat 9 dari 10 jurnal menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah pada remaja putri, sedangkan 1 dari 10 jurnal menyimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan bukan merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah pada remaja putri, dan 5 dari 10 jurnal menyimpulkan bahwa dukungan keluarga merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah pada remaja putriSimpulan: Bahwa pengetahuan, dan dukungan keluarga merupakan faktor yang berhubungan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah pada remaja putri. Oleh karena itu, bagi tenaga kesehatan diharapkan berperan aktif memberikan edukasi pentingnya konsumsi tablet tambah darah pada remaja putri, dan dampak yang terjadi apabila tidak mengonsumsi secara teratur.Kata kunci: Dukungan Keluarga; Kepatuhan; Pengetahuan ABSTRACTTitle: Knowledge And Family Support with Compliance Blood Added Tablet ConsumptionBackground: The blood-added tablets are the government's effort to cut anemia in adolescent incidence. Adolescent girls who have a low level of knowledge are at risk of not taking blood-added tablets. Family support is important in adherence to taking blood-added tablets. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the knowledge and support of families with adherence of blood-added tablet in adolescent girls. This research is a literature review.Method: The analysis of this research uses a method of agreement and a method of difference. Journal research through Garuda portal and Google Scholar (2017-2021).Result: The results of this research is that are 9 out of 10 journals concluded that knowledge is factors related to adherence to blood-added tablets in adolescent girls, while 1 out of 10 journals concluded that knowledge was not factors related to adherence to blood-added tablets in adolescent girls, and 5 out of 10 journals concluded that family support is factors related to adherence to blood-added tablets in adolescent girls.Conclusion: The conclusion of this literature review is that knowledge and family support are factors related to compliance with blood-added tablet in adolescents.Keywords: Compliance; Family Support; Knowledge
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Abdulkhaleq, Nuha Mohammed, Wedad K. Ali, and Amal A. Elkordy. "Effect of coating method on release of Glimepiride from porosity osmotic pump tablets (POPTs)." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v20i2.696.
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In this study, once-daily porosity osmotic pump tablets (POPTs) of Glimepiride were prepared using HPMC K100M (61%), osmotic agent (30% NaCl) coated using two different coating techniques spraying and dipping methods. The coating solution composed of ethyl
cellulose (7.5%) w\w in ethanol (90%), castor oil (2%) as water-insoluble plasticizer and Gingo red color (0.5% w\w). In both techniques, the coating level was adjusted to give a 10% increase in the weight of the tablets. The effect of the coating by dipping technique with an increase in the weight of tablet (10 %, 20% & 50%) was also investigated to see the effect coating level on the percentage of drug release from POPTs.
The results of the in vitro release of Glimepiride from tablets coated by the spraying method showed longer release time (24 hrs) than those coated with dipping method. On the other hand, increasing the coating level by dipping method retarded the release of the drug from tablets. However, the same retardation effect on release as shown with the spraying technique was only obtained by increasing the coating level with a 50% increase in the weight of the tablet. Thus, coating by spraying is more efficient to prepare POPTs to give a continuous release of Glimepiride from once daily table with the lowest increase in the total weight of the tablet.
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Dadang Putra Mardigantara, Mikhania C. E. ,. Dewi rashati,. "PERBANDINGAN SIFAT FISIK TABLET SALUT CIPROFLOXACIN 500 MG MEREK GENERIK DAN MEREK DAGANG." JURNAL ILMIAH FARMASI AKADEMI FARMASI JEMBER 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53864/jifakfar.v1i1.5.
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The aim of this study was to compare physical properties ciprofloxacin 500 mg coated tablet generic and trademark brand. The test include weight uniformity, tablet hardness, tablet friability, and disintegration time test. Descriptive experimental design (the one-shot case study) was used as study design. Samples were taken from three generic brands and three trademarks brand ciprofloxacin 500 mg coated tablets. Samples were produced by different factories and taken by simple random sampling method. The results showed that ciprofloxacin 500 mg coated tablets generic and trademark brand are comparable unless hardness of tablet.Keywords: Ciprofloxacin 500 mg, Physical Properties Tablet, Generic and Trademark Brand
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Khan, MD Abdul Aali, M. S. Sudheesh, and Rajesh Singh Pawar. "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oro-Dispersible Tablets Based On Solid Dispersion of Cimetidine." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 6-S (December 15, 2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i6-s.5696.
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The most common problem about conventional dosage form is dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). So, we design a new approach in a conventional dosage form which is oral dispersible tablet. Oral dispersible tablet is also called as mouth dissolving tablet, fast dissolving tablet, or oral disintegrating tablet. Oral dispersible tablet has advantage as it quickly disintegrates into saliva when it is put on the tongue. The faster the drug disintegrates or is dissolved, the faster the absorption and the quicker the therapeutic effect of drug will be attained. The objective of present study was to formulate directly compressible orodispersible tablets of cimetidine with improved solubility and bioavailability by using solid dispersion technique. Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. It is widely prescribed in active duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive esophagitis. Solid dispersion of cimetidine was prepared by anti-solvent addition method and physical mixture using novel polymer eudragit E 100. Saturation solubility of drug was determined in physical mixture and solid dispersion formulation. The prepared solid dispersion formulations were further characterized by drug contents, HPLC, and encapsulation efficiency. Orodispersible tablets of cimetidine were prepared by direct compression method and blend was evaluated for the pre-compression parameters such as bulk density, compressibility, angle of repose etc. The tablets were prepared by using selected solid dispersion formulation and excipients with sodium starch glycolate as a superdisintegrant and evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, content uniformity, wetting time, dispersion time and in-vitro drug release. Orodispersible tablet shows wetting time 27±1 seconds and in-vitro drug release 93.20±3.181%, which is better as compare to tablet containing pure drug (82.36±1.986) within 20min. Thus formulation of orodispersible tablet of cimetidine solid dispersion showed increased solubility and bioavailability with patient complies and convenience.
Keywords: Cimetidine, Orodispersible tablets, Solid dispersion, Anti solvent addition method, Superdisintegrant
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Kosugi, Atsushi, Kok Hoong Leong, Eri Urata, Yoshihiro Hayashi, Shungo Kumada, Kotaro Okada, and Yoshinori Onuki. "Effect of Different Direct Compaction Grades of Mannitol on the Storage Stability of Tablet Properties Investigated Using a Kohonen Self-Organizing Map and Elastic Net Regression Model." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090886.
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This study tested 15 direct compaction grades to identify the contribution of different grades of mannitol to the storage stability of the resulting tablets. After preparing the model tablets with different values of hardness, they were stored at 25 °C, 75% relative humidity for 1 week. Then, measurement of the tablet properties was conducted on both pre- and post-storage tablets. The tablet properties were tensile strength (TS), friability, and disintegration time (DT). The experimental data were analyzed using a Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM). The SOM analysis successfully classified the test grades into three distinct clusters having different changes in the behavior of the tablet properties accompanying storage. Cluster 1 showed an obvious rise in DT induced by storage, while cluster 3 showed a substantial change in mechanical strength of the tablet including a reduction in the TS and a rise in friability. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using an Elastic net regression technique to investigate the general relationships between the powder properties of mannitol and the change behavior of the tablet properties. Consequently, we succeeded in identifying the crucial powder properties for the storage stability of the resulting tablets. This study provides advanced technical knowledge to characterize the effect of different direct compaction grades of mannitol on the storage stability of tablet properties.
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Arora, Rimjhim, Kamal Singh Rathore, and Meenakshi Bharakatiya. "An Overview on Tablet Coating." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 7, no. 4 (August 14, 2019): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v7i4.547.
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Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms include tablets, pellets, pills, beads etc. Tablet is most commonly used pharmaceutical dosage form which has ease of administration. Tablets are coated for many reason such as masking odour, taste, colour of the drug, providing physical and chemical protection to drug, protecting drug from the gastric environment.Coating is a process by which a layer of coating material is applied to the surface of a dosage form. Coating may also contain active ingredient. There are various strategies for tablet coating which include sugar coating, film coating, and enteric coating. The amount of coating on the surface of a tablet is critical to the effectiveness of the oral dosage form. Recent trends in tablet coating focuses on overcoming disadvantage of solvent based coating. This review concerns with the coating process, equipments involved, coated tablets evaluation and specialized coating techniques.
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Gorski, Stanley F., Stephen Reiners, and Michael A. Ruizzo. "Release Rate of Three Herbicides from Controlled-Release Tablets." Weed Technology 3, no. 2 (June 1989): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031936.
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Six, 9, and 12-mm diam dicalcium phosphate tablets were evaluated for their release of acetochlor, metolachlor, and metribuzin. Greenhouse bioassays with Italian ryegrass demonstrated that herbicides from the smaller tablets did not control grass as long as from the larger tablets. Italian ryegrass was controlled within a 5- to 7-cm diam circle around the 12-mm diam tablet and a 5-cm diam circle around the 6-mm diam tablet. All tested herbicides responded in a similar fashion. Six-mm diam tablets released metolachlor for 11 weeks, while the 12-mm tablet was active for 28 weeks.
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Haryono, Ika Avrilina, and Noval Noval. "Formulasi dan Evaluasi Tablet Effervescent dari Ekstrak Buah Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa)." Jurnal Surya Medika 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i2.3201.
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Tampoi is one of the many plants found in East Kalimantan, has secondary metabolic content in the form of saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, and has antioxidant activity. The antioxidants produced by the human body are not sufficient to fight free radicals, therefore the body requires the intake of antioxidants from the outside, so to help increase public interest in consumption, researchers are interested in making preparations in the form of extracts and formulated as effervescent tablets from tampoi fruit extract which are useful as antioxidants and increase immunity. The purpose of this study was to determine a good formula for making effervescent tablets from tampoi fruit extract with variations of PVP K30 as a binder. Making tablets using direct compression method with an evaluation of effervescent powder including the angle of repose test, flow rate, setting, compressibility, and moisture of the powder. Evaluation of effervescent tablets included organoleptic test, weight uniformity test, tablet friability test, tablet hardness test, and tablet dissolving time test. The results obtained in the evaluation of the effervescent powder, the angle of repose test has met the requirements, while the test for flow velocity, sizing, compressibility, and moisture of the powder has not met the requirements. The results of the physical evaluation of the tablet weight uniformity test on F1 and F2 were in accordance with the requirements, the tablet friability test on F3 and F4 had met the requirements, the F3 tablet hardness test had met the requirements, and the tablet dissolving time test resulted that all formulas met the requirements with the best formula namely F1 which has the fastest tablet dissolution time. The conclusion of the study from the evaluation of the dissolving time which is the main parameter of the effervescent tablet preparation of tampoi fruit extract, the best formula was obtained, namely F1 with a PVP K30 concentration of 0.5 mg resulting in a tablet dissolving time of 01.99 minutes.
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Asiyah, Siti, Dwi Estuning Rahayu, and Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni. "Perbandingan Efek Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Dan Tanpa Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Usiakehamilan 16-32 Minggu Di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri." Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 3, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32831/jik.v3i1.49.
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The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant. That cause of high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical. Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant
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Bracken, Louise, Emma McDonough, Fiona Wilson, Samantha Ashleigh, Udeme Ohia, Punam Mistry, Huw Jones, Nazim Kanji, Fang Liu, and Matthew Peak. "P001 Creating acceptable tablets (CAT) – a feasibility study to assess the swallowability and acceptability of different sized placebo tablets in children and young people: an interim analysis." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 7 (June 19, 2019): e2.3-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-nppc.11.
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AimTo determine the feasibility of investigating the swallowability and acceptability of different sized placebo tablets in children and young people (CYP) aged 4–12 years and estimate consent/recruitment rates for a future study.MethodsParticipants were asked to swallow three different sized placebo tablets; 6mm, 8mm and10mm in a standardised order, smallest to largest. The recruitment target is 50 children, including both healthy children and NHS inpatients/outpatients. Following informed consent participants were shown a short video demonstrating how a tablet can be swallowed. The researcher observed and recorded the child’s facial expressions as they swallowed the tablet.1 Any tablet chewing, signs of choking and/or coughing during and after swallowing were recorded. After each administration, an internal inspection of the mouth was conducted by the researcher to identify any residue or non-swallowed tablet.2 The participants assessed the swallowability and acceptability of the samples using a questionnaire that included a 5-point hedonic facial scale and voluntary feedback was provided. Faces 1-3 on the hedonic scale were deemed acceptable to the participant. The process described above was repeated for swallowing the 8mm and 10mm tablets. Participants were offered all three different sized placebo tablets and were given the option to stop or continue at each stage. Children who successfully swallowed all three samples were asked if they would be willing to take part in the study again if the tablet administration order was randomised rather than in order of increasing size.ResultsTo date, 32 participants aged between 4-12 years have taken part in the study (mean age 7.7 years). Twelve children were aged 6 or under. All 32 participants attempted to swallow the 6mm tablet, 27 attempted the 8mm and 25 children attempted the 10mm tablet. 78.1% successfully swallowed the 6mm tablet and 85.2% successfully swallowed the 8mm and 10mm tablets. Participants were also asked about the most important factors when taking a tablet, data were available for 30/32 participants and the most important factor was deemed tablet size (17/30), followed by taste (7/30) responses. 87% of children who swallowed all three samples reported that they would be willing to take part in the study again if the tablet size order was randomised.ConclusionThe preliminary results show that tablets may be an acceptable dosage form for children from 4 years old. Tablet size was deemed to be the most important factor of swallowability/acceptability of tablets in children. The full data set should give further information about optimal tablet size for CYP which is currently unknown. This feasibility study will collate data on key variables which will inform the design of a larger, definitive study including the sample size based on observed recruitment/consent rates.ReferencesZeinstra GG, Koelen MA, Colindres D, et al. Facial expressions in school-aged children are a good indicator of ‘dislikes’, but not of ‘likes’. Food Quality and Preference 2009 December;20(8):620–624.Klingmann V, Spomer N, Lerch C, et al. Favorable Acceptance of Mini-Tablets Compared with Syrup: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Infants and Preschool Children. The Journal of Pediatrics 2013 December;163(6):1728–1732.e1.
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Mukri, A. K., J. H. Tan, S. M. Tahir, M. S. Anuar, and S. M. Yusoff. "Compaction behaviour of mannitol-cocoa powder mixtures and their resulting tablet strength and disintegration characteristics." Food Research 5, S1 (January 3, 2021): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.5(s1).038.
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Cocoa powder is an important ingredient in the confectionery industry and, mannitol is an alternative sugar alcohol. In this work, mannitol powder was mixed with cocoa powder and compacted into tablet form via the uniaxial die compaction process. The frictional, compaction, tablet mechanical and disintegration properties were studied due to their importance in characterizing the behaviour of the tablets during processing and its final product characteristics at varying mannitol contents. The composition of mannitol in the mannitol-cocoa tablet varied at 95% w/w, 50% w/w and 5% w/w, while pure 100% w/w mannitol and cocoa tablets were set as controls. The compaction pressures used in making the tablets varied at 37.67 MPa, 75.34 MPa, 113.01 MPa, 150.68 MPa and 188.35 MPa. The compaction behaviour of the powder during the compaction process was evaluated using the plastic work and the maximum ejection stress values. The tablet strength was determined using the tensile strength method and tablet disintegration study was also conducted. The results showed that the increase in the compaction pressures increased the plastic work, maximum ejection pressure, tablet strength and also its disintegration time. The tablet formed having 95% w/w mannitol composition exhibited the highest plastic work value of 10.32±0.01 J, highest maximum ejection pressure value of 4.4±0.06 MPa, highest tensile strength value of 1.06±0.04 MPa and shortest disintegration time of 171±51 s amongst the three different mannitol compositions studied. Meanwhile, the effects of mannitol composition in the tablet on these observed responses were also dependent upon the compaction pressures used during tablet formation. In conclusion, the addition of mannitol improved the tablet strength and shorten the disintegration time in the experimental range employed in this study.
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Indri O, Anindya Nur, Agustina Endah W, and Dahlia Indah Amareta. "Hubungan Faktor Predisposisi terhadap Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil dalam Mengkonsumsi Tablet Besi dan Kadar Hemoglobin di Puskesmas Mangli Kabupaten Jember." Jurnal Kesehatan 5, no. 3 (February 14, 2019): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/j-kes.v5i3.56.
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Anemia is a reduced levels of Hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood. Anemia is one of the most common disorder that occurs during pregnancy, with the condition of Hb levels below 11 gr% Supplementation iron or granting tablet. Fe is an attempt important in prevent and handle Anemia, especially iron deficiency Anemia. Compliance consume iron tablets in measuring instrument from accuracy of the total tablets which was consumed, the accuracy of consuming manner iron tablets, the frequency of consumption each day. Objective: To identify relations factors predisposing, compliance in consum iron tablet and levels hemoglobin of pregnant mothers in Puskesmas Mangli Kabupaten Jember. The study ofobservation analytic. Research instruments to collect database by giving questionnaire and examination levels hemoglobin. Subjekts are 32 pregnant women. Analysis using spearmen correlation rank showed the relationship between age to compliance mother in consume iron tablet (p = 0,015), there was a correlation between mothers education pregnant with compliance pregnant mothers in consume iron tablet (p = 0,001), there was a correlation between knowledge pregnant mothers with compliance pregnant mothers in consume iron tablet (p = 0,001), there was a correlation between a pregnant mothers with compliance pregnant mothers in consume iron tablet (p = 0,003), there was a correlation between compliance pregnant mothers in consume iron tableton the hemoglobin pregnant mothers (p = 0,000). The most dominant factor which affect the compliancy consumingiron tablet during the pregnancy was pregnant mother’s attitude with the score odds ratio (OR) 4,328. There was a connection between the predisposing with compliance pregnantmothersin consume iron tablet and there wasa link between compliance in consume iron tabletto the pregnant mother’s hemoglobin and the most predisposition dominant factor which affect the compliancy consumingiron tablet during the pregnancy was pregnant mother’s attitude. Keywords: Factors Predisposing, Compliance, Iron tablet, Anemic, Hemoglobin levels.
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Dokhe, Mahesh Dattatray, R. Kunkulol, and D. Nandal. "TABLET IN TABLET: A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 08, no. 01 (March 25, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36673/ajrcps.2020.v08.i01.a01.
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Goldsmith, Joshua. "Tablet interpreting." Community Interpreting, Translation, and Technology 13, no. 3 (November 9, 2018): 342–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.00020.gol.
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Abstract This pilot study examines the recent phenomenon of tablet interpreting. Based on in-depth interviews with six practitioners, which were transcribed and analyzed inductively, the article presents an overview of software, tools, and technology that interpreters currently utilize in their work. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate regular, effective tablet use in various consecutive interpreting settings. Participants feel that these tools meet their needs and outstrip the functionalities offered by pen and paper in most contexts. This study compiles best practices for tablet interpreting, discusses their benefits and challenges, and describes features to consider when assessing new and existing tablets, applications, and styluses. The data underscore the need for training in this budding field, which represents a key area for future research and professional practice.
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Patimah, Patimah, Junie Suriawati, and Siti Rahayu Rahmawati. "Development Of Caulis Extract (Tinospora Crispa (L.) Hook. F. & Thomson As Plasmodium In Preparations Tablets." SANITAS : Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2018.2.
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Brotowali (Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. Thomson is a wild plant & in the Woods, fields or planted page near the fence, and the usual planted as medicinal plants. The entire plant (roots, stems, and leaves) has a bitter taste that can be used as a traditional medicine as Plasmodium. This research aims to make the tablet dosage of Caulis extract with gelatin Binder and polivenilpirolidon materials that meet the requirements of the physical quality of a tablet that is acceptable. Prior to the manufacture of tablets do extract raw materials testing which includes the determination of the levels of ash, determination of microbial impurities, testing the determination of aflatoxin levels of impurities, the determination of the levels of pesticide residues, the determination of the level of heavy metal impurities. Caulis extract tablet manufacture is made with two formula with each different binding materials, namely formula I used gelatin formula II 5% and 5% use polivinilpirolidon. The methods used in the manufacture of Caulis extract tablets using a wet granulation method. Granul tested his physical properties obtained covering moist, flow properties, compressibility granule. Tablets obtained physical quality test performed which include uniformity of weight, hardness, size uniformity, compressibility, and the crushed tablets. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using SPSS 15.0 for windows program namely testing T-Test with a 5% confidence. The results showed that the two formula tablets with the uniformity of weight, hardness, size uniformity, compressibility, and the time crushed tablet that meets the requirements of the physical quality of a good tablet. The conclusions of this research are extracted Caulis tablet can be created that meets the requirements of physical quality test tablet.
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Sąsiadek, Elżbieta, and Marek Kozicki. "A Method of 1D UVC Radiation Dose Measurement using a Novel Tablet Dosimeter." Autex Research Journal 20, no. 2 (May 13, 2020): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2020-0005.
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AbstractIn this work, a method for the measurement of one-dimensional (1D) UV radiation dose is described. It comprises a new tablet dosimeter that measures the dose using reflectance spectrophotometry. The tablet dosimeter elaborated is a solid structure with a cylindrical form and has been manufactured with polycaprolactone (PCL) doped with a representative of tetrazolium salts: 2,3,5−triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). The PCL used makes the dosimeter biodegradable and therefore proecological. The TTC dopant is distributed uniformly in the whole PCL tablet, and the whole tablet changes color to red under UVC irradiation. The intensity of this color increases if the PCL–TTC tablet absorbs higher doses. The color of the tablet is stable for at least 30 days after irradiation. It is proposed that the PCL-TTC tablet be used for measurement with reflectance spectrophotometry in order to determine the reflectance of light versus the absorbed dose in a fast and easy manner. On this basis, the PCL-TTC tablet could be characterized by providing information on its dose range, which amounted to 0–2 J/cm2. Moreover, other parameters were derived, such as dose sensitivity, quasilinear dose range, and dose threshold. The morphology of the tablets studied using scanning electron microscopy revealed their high porosity, which however did not influence the reflectance measurements with the aid of the chosen instrument. UVC irradiation at a dose (15 J/cm2) much above the PCL-TTC tablets’ dose range did not alter the morphology of the tablets. The PCL-TTC tablet read with reflectance spectrophotometry is shown to be a promising and fast method for 1D UV dose measurements.
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Gambir, Jurianto, Iman Jaladri, Endah Mayang Sari, and Yulinda Kurniasari. "A nutrition diary-book effectively increase knowledge and adherence of iron tablet consumption among adolescent female students." Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2020.8(2).87-92.
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<p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Latar Belakang: Edukasi gizi yang tepat dapat merubah remaja putri untuk berperilaku hidup sehat. Inovasi program edukasi yang dapat memotivasi remaja putri dalam mencari dan mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi secara teratur sangat dibutuhkan sehingga dapat menurunkan prevalensi anemia di Indonesia.<br />Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh edukasi melalui buku diary gizi terhadap pengetahuan gizi, minat mencari tablet zat besi dan kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi (Fe).<br />Metode: Quasi experimental (Non-Randomized group pre–post test) study dengan 50 subyek penelitian yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok perlakuan. Subjek penelitian adalah siswi remaja putri di SMA di Kota Pontianak, dengan kriteria umur 14-16 tahun sudah haid dan bersedia menjadi subjek penelitian. Intervensi berlangsung selama dua bulan efektif. Kelompok intervensi diberikan tablet zat besi (Fe) + buku Diary Gizi dan kelompok kontrol tanpa buku Diary Gizi. Tablet zat besi (Fe) yang diberikan mengandung 60 mg Fe elemental dan 20 mg asam folat. Data dianalisis menggunakan software komputer dan disajikan dalam bentuk tekstular dan table, dengan uji statistik Chi square dan t test. <br />Hasil: Hasil penelitian program suplementasi zat besi (Fe) dikalangan remaja putri belum popular. Tingkat pengetahuan siswi yang mendapatkan edukasi gizi dengan Buku Diary lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswi yang mendapatkan edukasi melalui penyuluhan (p<0,05). Siswi dari kelompok buku Diary Gizi lebih patuh dalam mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi (p<0,05). <br />Kesimpulan: Pemberian dan aktivitas dengan catatan harian buku Diary Gizi dapat digunakan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan meningkatkan kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi (Fe). Penggunaan Buku Diary Gizi dapat dipertimbangkan dalam mensukseskan program suplementasi zat besi (Fe) pada remaja putri<br /> <br />KATA KUNCI: buku diary gizi; kepatuhan; konsumsi; pengetahuan; remaja putri; tablet zat besi (Fe)</p><p><br /> <br />ABSTRACT</p><p>Background: Proper education about nutrition can change adolescent females to have a healthy lifestyle. Innovation of education programs which can motivate female adolescents in finding and consuming iron tablets regularly is highly necessary, so that it can decrease the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia.<br />Objectives: To find out the effect of Nutrition Diary-Book education on nutritional knowledge, effort to find iron tablets and consuming iron tablets in adolescence.<br />Methods: A quasi experimental study (non-randomized group pre–post test) was conducted with 50 subjects divided into two groups. The age of the subjects were 14-16 years old, already had menstruation and were willing to be research subjects for 2 months. Iron tablets and nutrition diary-books were administered to intervention group and were administered to control group without nutrition diary-books. The results were analyzed using chi square and t-test.<br />Results: The level of knowledge who get education about nutrition by having nutrition diary-books is better compared to female students who get the education through elucidation (p<0.05). The female students from the intervention group were proven to be more obedient in consuming iron tablets (p<0.05).<br />Conclusion: The administration of nutrition diary-book and activity of writing nutrition diary-book can be used to increase knowledge and adherence in consuming iron tablets among adolescent female students.</p><p>KEYWORDS: adherence; adolescent; iron tablet; knowledge; nutrition diary-book</p>
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Tahaineh, Linda M., and Shadi F. Gharaibeh. "Tablet Splitting and Weight Uniformity of Half-Tablets of 4 Medications in Pharmacy Practice." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 4 (April 27, 2012): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190012442716.
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Background: Tablet splitting is a common practice for multiple reasons including cost savings; however, it does not necessarily result in weight-uniform half-tablets. Objectives: To determine weight uniformity of half-tablets resulting from splitting 4 products available in the Jordanian market and investigate the effect of tablet characteristics on weight uniformity of half-tablets. Methods: Ten random tablets each of warfarin 5 mg, digoxin 0.25 mg, phenobarbital 30 mg, and prednisolone 5 mg were weighed and split by 6 PharmD students using a knife. The resulting half-tablets were weighed and evaluated for weight uniformity. Other relevant physical characteristics of the 4 products were measured. Results: The average tablet hardness of the sampled tablets ranged from 40.3 N to 68.9 N. Digoxin, phenobarbital, and prednisolone half-tablets failed the weight uniformity test; however, warfarin half-tablets passed. Digoxin, warfarin, and phenobarbital tablets had a score line and warfarin tablets had the deepest score line of 0.81 mm. Conclusion: Splitting warfarin tablets produces weight-uniform half-tablets that may possibly be attributed to the hardness and the presence of a deep score line. Digoxin, phenobarbital, and prednisolone tablet splitting produces highly weight variable half-tablets. This can be of clinical significance in the case of the narrow therapeutic index medication digoxin.
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P, Narayana Raju, Prakash K, Rama Rao T, B. C. S. Reddy, Sreenivasulu V, and Lakshmi Narasu M. "Effect of Tablet Surface Area and Surface Area/Volume on Drug Release from Lamivudine Extended Release Matrix Tablets." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2010): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2010.3.1.11.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of tablet surface area/ volume (SA/Vol) on drug release from extended-release matrix tablets of lamivudine prepared with hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Highly soluble drug such as lamivudine was utilized in this study to give predominantly diffusion-controlled release. Drug release from HPMC matrix tablets with similar values of SA/Vol was comparable within the same tablet shaped tablet. Tablets having the same surface area but different SA/Vol values did not result in similar drug release, tablets with larger SA/Vol values had faster release profiles. Utility of SA/Vol to affect drug release was demonstrated by changing drug doses, and altering tablet shape to adjust SA/Vol. When SA/Vol was held constant, similar release profiles were obtained. Thus, surface area/volume is one of the key variables in controlling drug release from HPMC matrix tablets. Proper use of this variable has practical application by formulators who may need to duplicate drug release profiles from tablets of different sizes and different shapes.
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Cattaneo, Dario, Sara Baldelli, Matteo Cerea, Simona Landonio, Paola Meraviglia, Emanuela Simioni, Valeria Cozzi, et al. "Comparison of theIn VivoPharmacokinetics andIn VitroDissolution of Raltegravir in HIV Patients Receiving the Drug by Swallowing or by Chewing." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 12 (September 10, 2012): 6132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00942-12.
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ABSTRACTThe pharmacokinetics of raltegravir (RAL) in HIV patients is characterized by high interpatient/intrapatient variability. We investigated the potential contribution of the drug pharmaceutical formulation to RAL pharmacokinetics. We first comparedin vivothe pharmacokinetics of RAL for 67 patients to whom the drug was administered by swallowing the intact tablet with those obtained from 13 HIV-infected patients who chewed the RAL tablet due to swallowing difficulties. Subsequently, we evaluatedin vitrothe dissolution of RAL tablets under different conditions. In thein vivostudy, we found that patients given RAL by chewing the tablets presented pharmacokinetic profiles characterized by significantly higher RAL absorption than did patients receiving the drug by swallowing. Thein vitrostudies showed that when the whole tablets were exposed to an acidic medium, the release of RAL was very low, whereas when the tablets were crushed, the profiles presented significantly higher concentrations of RAL. Crushed tablets tested in water or in a pH 6.8 buffer exhibited prompt and complete dissolution of RAL. HIV-infected patients receiving RAL by chewing the tablet showed higher drug absorption and reduced pharmacokinetic variability compared with patients swallowing the intact tablet. This is related to problems in tablet disintegration and to erratic drug absorption. The amelioration of the RAL pharmaceutical formulation could improve drug pharmacokinetics.
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Zulman, Donna M., Emily P. Wong, Cindie Slightam, Amy Gregory, Josephine C. Jacobs, Rachel Kimerling, Daniel M. Blonigen, John Peters, and Leonie Heyworth. "Making connections: nationwide implementation of video telehealth tablets to address access barriers in veterans." JAMIA Open 2, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooz024.
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Abstract Background Video telehealth technology has the potential to enhance access for patients with clinical, social, and geographic barriers to care. We evaluated the implementation of a US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) initiative to distribute tablets to high-need Veterans with access barriers. Methods In this mixed methods implementation study, we examined tablet adoption (ie, facility-level tablet distribution rates and patient-level tablet utilization rates) and reach (ie, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of tablet recipients) between 5/1/16 and 9/30/17. Concurrently, we surveyed 68 facility telehealth coordinators to determine the most common implementation barriers and facilitators, and then conducted interviews with telehealth coordinators and regional leadership to identify strategies that facilitated tablet distribution and use. Results 86 VA facilities spanning all 18 geographic regions, distributed tablets to 6 745 patients. Recipients had an average age of 56 years, 53% lived in rural areas, 75% had a diagnosed mental illness, and they had a mean (SD) of 5 (3) chronic conditions. Approximately 4 in 5 tablet recipients used the tablet during the evaluation period. In multivariate logistic regression, tablet recipients were more likely to use their tablets if they were older and had fewer chronic conditions. Implementation barriers included insufficient training, staffing shortages, and provider disinterest (described as barriers by 59%, 55%, and 33% of respondents, respectively). Site readiness assessments, local champions, licensure modifications, and use of mandates and incentives were identified as strategies that may influence widespread implementation of home-based video telehealth. Conclusion VA’s initiative to distribute video telehealth tablets to high-need patients appears to have successfully reached individuals with social and clinical access barriers. Implementation strategies that address staffing constraints and provider engagement may enhance the impact of such efforts.
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Aminin, Fidyah, and Utami Dewi. "Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil mengkonsumsi Tablet FE di Kota Tanjungpinang tahun 2017." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v7i2.art.p285-292.
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Sejumlah 40% kematian pada ibu hamil berhubungan dengan anemia. Pemerintah Indonesia sudah melakukan upaya penanggulangan anemia, diantaranya dengan memberikan tablet Fe . Ibu Hamil yang mendapatkan tablet Fe pada tahun 2016 di Kota Tanjungpinang adalah 89,8%. Kejadian Anemia pada ibu hamil di Kota Tanjungpinang pada tahun 2016 adalah sebesar 12,21%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor –faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif analitik cross sectional dengan analisis data chi square. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Tanjungpinang pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Oktober 2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu hamil yang mengkonsumsi tablet Fe di Kota Tanjungpinang. Jumlah Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 56 responden dengan teknik Non Probability Sampling-Purpossive Sampling Type. Pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner. Hasil penelitian factor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan ibu hamil mengkonsumsi tablet Fe adalah pengetahuan (p=0,025), dan pendidikan (p =0,007). Diharapkan menambah bahan bacaan dan media pendidikan kesehatan tentang anemia dan tablet Fe untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil serta memberikan pendidikan kesehatan cara mengkonsumsi tablet Fe dan efek samping tablet Fe ada ibu hamil. 40% of deaths in pregnant women associated with anemia. The Indonesian government has made efforts to overcome anemia, such as give Fe tablets . Pregnant women who received Fe tablets in 2016 in Tanjung Pinang City were 89.8%. The incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Tanjung Pinang City in 2016 was 12.21%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with compliance of pregnant women consuming Fe tablets. Descriptive analytic cross sectional study design with chi square data analysis. This research was conducted in the City of Tanjungpinang in July to October 2017. The population in this study were all pregnant women who consuming Fe tablets in Tanjung Pinang City. The number of samples in this study were 56 respondents used Non Probability Sampling-Purpossive Sampling Type.Data collection through questionnaires. The results of research related to pregnant women consuming Fe tabets are knowledge (p=0,025) and education (p =0,007). It is Expected to add reading material and health education media about anemia and Fe tablets to increase the knowledge of pregnant women and provide health education on how to consume Fe tablets and the side effects of Fe tablets for pregnant women.
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Lynatra, Cessa, Wardiyah Wardiyah, and Yetri Elisya. "Formulation Of Effervescent Tablet Of Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) With Variation Of Stevia As Sweetener." SANITAS : Jurnal Teknologi dan Seni Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36525/sanitas.2018.9.
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The effervescent tablet containing extract of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) with variation of stevia sweetener has been formulated using wet granulation method. This research aims to find the formulation of effervescent tablet of temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) with the variation of stevia sweetener that meets the requirements of physical tablet test. The effervescent tablet formula was made in three formulas with the difference in the stevia content. Tests conducted include visual tests, uniformity test, hardness test, friability test, pH test and solubility test. Based on the test results on the physical properties of tablets, it is known that all the formula meets the physical test of tablets and the preferred formula is formula 3 with 4% of stevia.
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Sharma, Satish Kumar, Anand Singh, Anil Bhandari, and Sudhir Singh. "Formulation and Evaluation of New Dosage Form of Calcium and Vitamin D." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 8, no. 3 (July 12, 2020): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v8i3.707.
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The aim of the research work was to develop a new dosage form (tablet in tablet) of calcium and vitamin D. In this research work vitamin D3 was used as vitamin D. This type of dosage form is very useful for elder people and children who have a week swallowing reflex. They have difficulty in swallowing tablets with water. In the present research work, pre-formulated and evaluated chewable tablets of calcium and vitamin D3 (from Formulation and Evaluation of Chewable Tablets of Calcium and Vitamin D) were taken and then moulded into a jelly like material under specified conditions of temperature and humidity and a new dosage form was developed which is sweet, flavored and chewable dosage form (tablet in tablet). The new dosage form was subjected to various tests for evaluation of the new dosage form.