Academic literature on the topic 'Tabulated Models of Transition state'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tabulated Models of Transition state"
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Gulay, A. V., and V. M. Zaitsev. "Intelligent Mechatronic System as an Adaptive Model Having "Controlled Construction"." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20, no. 10 (2019): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.20.600-608.
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The authors develop an adaptive approach to synthesis of intelligent digital models, which have acquitted particular significance during the research of controlled mechanical constructions. Capacity for generation of active reactions to external functional and energy impacts is a distinctive feature, when the object automatically finds rational or optimal states by means of respective adaptation to the aforesaid impacts. The paper presents principles of intelligent model construction, which simulates the processes of controlled transitions between various states of "the controlled construction" in presence of NON-factors. The principle of cyclic adaptive control has been taken as the basis of generation of the "controlled construction" intelligent model, where in every cycle the managerial decision generation technology is implemented, which provides maintenance of the current construction state or its transition to a more preferable state. The identification process for identification of states of the studied construction has been analyzed, and it assumes comparison of the current values of its parameters corresponding to microstates of the informational image along with classification parameters of the preliminary designated multiple taxons of microstates. A taxonomic scheme was offered for this purpose based on the use of five main taxons having the definite system meaning. It has been shown that application of the squared distance metrics to median abscissa of the selected intervals is technologically sufficient as a proximity measure of the parameter value to the taxon of microstates. The management scenario has been considered in the intelligent mechatronic system, which displays transitions between the optimal states of "the controlled construction" under the influence of external factors. An example, of the intelligent model of mechanical construction is shown in the form of a pulse-type regulator for control of the executive mechanism of system reactions. Construction of the pulse-type regulator is based on the use of the virtual signal formation scheme of mismatch between the current value of the input signal and its value defined by the intelligent system setting mechanism. This mismatch is subject to discrete convolution with the tabulated and abridged original of the required pulse characteristic. It is also shown that sufficiently economical recurrent interrelations for calculations according to mismatch values are formed during construction of the model on the basis of proportional integral and differential regulators.
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Weihing, Pascal, Marion Cormier, Thorsten Lutz, and Ewald Krämer. "The near-wake development of a wind turbine operating in stalled conditions – Part 1: Assessment of numerical models." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 4 (2024): 933–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-933-2024.
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Abstract. This study comprehensively investigates the near-wake development of a model wind turbine operating at a low tip-speed ratio in stalled conditions. In the present paper, part 1, different ways of representing the turbine, which include a full geometrical representation and modeling by means of the actuator line method, and different approaches for the modeling of turbulence are assessed. The simulation results are compared with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements from the MEXICO and New MEXICO experiments. A highly resolved numerical setup was created and a higher-order numerical scheme was applied to target an optimal resolution of the tip vortex development and the wakes of the blades. Besides the classical unsteady Reynolds-averaged methodology, a recently developed variant of the detached-eddy simulation (DES) was employed, which features robust shielding capabilities of the boundary layers and enhanced transition to a fully developed large-eddy simulation (LES) state. Two actuator line simulations were performed in which the aerodynamic forces were either evaluated by means of tabulated data or imposed from the averaged blade loads of the simulation with full blade geometry. The purpose is to distinguish between the effects of the force projection and the force calculation in the underlying blade-element method on the blade wake development. With the hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)–LES approach and the geometrically fully resolved rotor blade, the details of the flow of the detached blade wake could be resolved. The prediction of the wake deficit also agreed very well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the strength and size of the blade tip vortices were correctly predicted. With the linear unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) model, the wake deficit could also be described correctly, yet the size of the tip vortices was massively overestimated. The actuator line method, when fed with forces from the fully resolved simulation, provides very similar results in terms of wake deficit and tip vortices to its fully resolved parent simulation. However, using uncorrected two-dimensional polars shows significant deviations in the wake topology of the inner blade region. This shows that the application in such flow conditions requires models for rotational augmentation. In part 2 of the study, to be published in another paper, the development and the dynamics of the early tip vortex formation are detailed.
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Molokov, K. А., V. V. Novikov, and M. Dabalez. "Evaluation of the Occurrence of Initial Failures from Stress Concentrators in Welded Joints and Structural Elements." Advanced Engineering Research 23, no. 1 (2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2023-23-1-41-54.
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Introduction. Data on the occurrence of initial failures obtained through testing on standard samples cannot always be extrapolated to real welded joints and structures. This is due to the difference between the concentrators in the joints, because after welding there is a significant structural and mechanical heterogeneity of the heat-affected and stress concentrator zone. Extended, deep concentrators are considered as crack-like defects, at whose vertices a volumetric, multiaxial stress state is formed. The paper addresses the issue of constructing critical diagrams of the onset of the limiting state at the concentrator vertex, which depends on the level of external load and the theoretical concentration coefficient.Materials and Methods. Analytical methods were used to study the stress state. The literature on the topic was analyzed. The features of proven physical models and patterns of behavior of materials were taken into account. The characteristics of steel alloys were taken from open sources and summarized in a tabulated form. Nonlinear equations were solved in Matlab applications. The diagrams constructed by the authors enable to track the correlation of the dangerous level of the theoretical stress concentration factor and the level of external load. Curve Fitting Toolbox Matlab was used to design the graphic part of the work.Results. The characteristic of damage from stress concentrators in welded joints was given. The crack propagation in the fusion zone was shown. The conditions stimulating and inhibiting destruction were indicated. The theoretical stress concentration factor α𝑇 was specified. It was shown how this indicator depended on the width, the height of the seam and the thickness of the welded part. Acute stress concentrators with theoretical concentration factor αт= 5…14 and more were studied. For this case, an approximating formula was given that took into account the maximum stress in the concentrator in the first half cycle, the initial deformation, and the load ratio. Through those elements, an indicator of an increase in maximum stresses was set depending on the number of loading cycles. The flow condition, the stress state, and the overvoltage factor, which took into account the increase in the first principal voltage for a combined stress state, were analytically shown. A model of the critical state at the apex of an acute stress macro concentrator was described. It was presented as the dependence of the relative stresses of the initiation of destruction σн𝑏𝑐/σ0,2 on the concentrator. Possible variations of this model were analyzed. The dependences of relative values σ𝐻𝑏𝑐⁄σ0,2 on the theoretical concentration factor α𝑇𝑏𝑐=α𝑇 were presented. To check the physical adequacy of this model, graphs were constructed that reflected changes in the relative stress of the external load at a critical state at the stress concentrator apex. The inevitability of bifurcation as a result of the studied processes was validated. Two directions of further development of events were indicated: brittle destruction and loss of stability of the stressed state with the transition to an increase in plastic deformations. The moment of bifurcation was defined as a critical state in the focus of the concentrator.Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis and calculations performed within the framework of the presented scientific work enabled, in particular, to draw conclusions about the role of key factors of the processes under study. It was established, for example, that the operation of a steel alloy at a high theoretical stress concentration factor depended on the characteristics of the stress state. In a rigid state, it was possible to inhibit shear deformation and the onset of the limiting state at a lower value of the theoretical stress concentration factor. With the usual strength of steel (in comparison to high), a greater impact of the volume of the stress state on the value of the theoretical stress concentration factor was recorded. The probability of failure depended on the resistance of the material to the growth of a macrocrack. In future research, it is possible to refine analytical models and results, evaluate effective stress concentration factors.
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Sherrod, Michael J. "Empirically optimized “transition state models”." Tetrahedron Letters 31, no. 35 (1990): 5085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97812-2.
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Jong, Piet. "STATE TRANSITION SPECIFICATION IN STATE-SPACE MODELS." Journal of Time Series Analysis 7, no. 3 (1986): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.1986.tb00504.x.
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Bascal, H. A., K. J. Jordan, and R. H. Lipson. "Ion-pair state spectroscopy of HgCl." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 10 (1993): 1615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-201.
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Fluorescence excitation spectra of HgCl produced and cooled in a corona-excited supersonic jet discharge are presented. The dominant feature between ≈ 368 and 267 nm is an extensive vibrationally and isotopically resolved band system which is assigned to the B2Σ+(ν′) ← X2Σ+(ν″ = 0, 1, and 2) valence-to-ion-pair state transition of the radical. Transition wavenumbers for vibrational bands with 75 ≥ ν′ ≥ 21 and 2 ≥ ν″ ≥ 0 were measured, and B-state Dunham parameters were derived which are valid between 75 ≥ ν′ ≥ 0. The equilibrium bondlength for the B-state was determined to be 2.960(2) Å by Franck–Condon calculations. B–X Franck–Condon factors are tabulated which are expected to help in the interpretation of HgCl2 photodissociation and HgCl laser spectra.
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Campbell, JD, DK Blough, and SD Sullivan. "PAA22 STATE TRANSITION MODELS FOR ESTIMATING TRANSITION PROBABILITIES IN MARKOV MODELS." Value in Health 10, no. 6 (2007): A404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)65414-9.
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Iosif, Panagiotis, and Nikolaos Stergioulas. "Models of binary neutron star remnants with tabulated equations of state." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 2 (2021): 2948–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3565.
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ABSTRACT The emergence of novel differential rotation laws that can reproduce the rotational profile of binary neutron star merger remnants has opened the way for the construction of equilibrium models with properties that resemble those of remnants in numerical simulations. We construct models of merger remnants, using a recently introduced 4-parameter differential rotation law and three tabulated, zero-temperature equations of state. The models have angular momenta that are determined by empirical relations, constructed through numerical simulations. After a systematic exploration of the parameter space of merger remnant equilibrium sequences, which includes the determination of turning points along constant angular momentum sequences, we find that a particular rotation law can reproduce the threshold mass to prompt collapse to a black hole with a relative difference of only $\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ with respect to numerical simulations, in all cases considered. Furthermore, our results indicate a possible correlation between the compactness of equilibrium models of remnants at the threshold mass and the compactness of maximum-mass non-rotating models. Another key prediction of binary neutron star merger simulations is a relatively slowly rotating inner region, where the angular velocity Ω (as measured by an observer at infinity) is mostly due to the frame dragging angular velocity ω. In our investigation of the parameter space of the adopted differential rotation law, we naturally find quasi-spherical (Type A) remnant models with this property. Our investigation clarifies the impact of the differential rotation law and of the equation of state on key properties of binary neutron star remnants and lays the groundwork for including thermal effects in future studies.
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Phillips, Jonathan D., and Chris Van Dyke. "State-and-transition models in geomorphology." CATENA 153 (June 2017): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.02.009.
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Dueker, Michael J., Zacharias Psaradakis, Martin Sola, and Fabio Spagnolo. "State-Dependent Threshold Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models*." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 75, no. 6 (2012): 835–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00719.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Tabulated Models of Transition state"
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Citrangolo, Destro Fabiola. "Development of an automated approach for kinetic data calculation : the method of tabulated transition states models." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2024_0189_CITRANGOLO_DESTRO.pdf.
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Les biocarburants sont une alternative pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Ils ont une composition différente des carburants fossiles, ce qui peut modifier leurs caractéristiques de combustion (ou de pyrolyse), ainsi que leur résistance à l’autoxydation en phase liquide. Les modèles cinétiques détaillés constituent un outil important pour comprendre et prédire la combustion de ces carburants. Leur précision dépend en grande partie de la fiabilité des données cinétiques affectées aux différentes réactions. Dans cette thèse, une nouvelle approche basée sur les modèles tabulés d’état de transition (TMTS) est développée pour estimer les constantes de vitesse en s’appuyant sur des calculs de structures électroniques, couplés aux théories cinétiques (théorie de l’état de transition conventionnelle et variationelle, équation maîtresse). L’approche TMTS consiste à identifier précisément la zone réactionnelle de l’état de transition avec les substituants clés, puis à générer ces structures afin de pouvoir réaliser les calculs de constantes de vitesse. Cette approche a été testée pour l’isomérisation des radicaux alkyles. Les résultats ont montré un impact notable des ramifications de la chaîne sur les coefficients de vitesse, de sorte qu’un tableau de modè les tabulés d’état de transition contenant 51 modèles avec les paramètres cinétiques correspondants, a été proposé pour couvrir les réactions d’isomérisation à 3 et 4 centres. Pour le traitement des isomérisations à 5 centres, un total de 72 modèles a dû être construit, mettant en jeu un grand nombre de diastéréoisomères pour les réactifs et de configurations cycliques pour les TS. Un code en Python, capable de construire et de filtrer toutes les combinaisons y compris les configurations multiples de réactifs et d’états de transition, a été créé. Ce code prépare toutes les entrées du calcul ab initio et traite les sorties pour le code de calcul des constantes de vitesse, en incorporant la détermination de la symétrie ainsi que les différentes voies de réactions pour les structures ramifiées impliquant plusieurs configurations de réactifs et de TS. Les tables de TMTS ont été automatiquement créées pour les réactions d’isomérisations à 6 centres. Les réactions de β-scission des radicaux alkyles, qui représentent une source importante de formation de produits primaires insaturés (alcènes), ont aussi été prises en compte dans ce travail. Le code a été adapté à cette famille de réactions et des tables de TMTS ont également été proposées pour les β-scissions des liaisons C-C et C-H, avec un total de 45 modèles. Les métathèses sur les alcanes, par des radicaux hydrogène et alkyles, ont également été traitées par le code, avec un total de 20 modèles de réaction proposés. Finalement, les réactions de recombinaisons de radicaux alkyles ont également été étudiées mais ont nécessité un traitement variationnel pour évaluer les constantes de vitesse. Pour cette famille de réactions, les constantes de vitesse ont été obtenues en fonction de la température et de la pression pour différentes tailles de chaînes alkyles. Les résultats ont permis de constater qu’une règle simple appelée "règle de la moyenne géométrique" (GMR) était utilisable pour étendre les constantes cinétiques dépendant de la pression à des systèmes moléculaires de grande taille. Cette règle a donc été prise en compte pour finaliser la table des TMTS pour cette famille de réactions. A l’issue de la thèse, les familles de réactions couvertes par les tableaux TMTS englobent la grande majorité des réactions de pyrolyse des alcanes et leur implémentation dans les mécanismes cinétiquesdoit permettre d’améliorer la précision des modèles, notamment pour les alcanes linéaires et ramifiés<br>Bio-sourced fuels are a potential alternative to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. These fuels present a composition different than the usual fossil fuels, which impacts their combustion and pyrolysis characteristics, as well as their resistance to liquid phase oxidation processes. Detailed kinetic models are an important tool for understanding and predicting the combustion of such fuels. The accuracy of these models mainly depends on the reliability of the kinetic data available for the reactions. In this thesis, a new theoretical approach named "the tabulated models of transition state" (TMTS), to estimate rate constants for reaction mechanisms, is developed. The rate coefficients were obtained based on theoretical methods, via ab initio calculations, coupled with kinetic rate theories (Transition State Theory, Variational TST, and Master Equation). The TMTS approach consists in identifying the key aspects of the reaction moiety that are important when defining the rate constants, and then creating models of reactions covering all the identified aspects. This approach was first tested for the isomerization of alkyl radicals, a reaction family that changes the radical positions in alkyl chains and impacts the final products distribution. The results indicated an important effect of alkyl chain branches on the final rate coefficients, so a table of transition state models with the corresponding parameters was proposed to cover 1,3 and 1,4-H-shift isomerization reactions, representing a total of 51 models of transition states. For the treatment of branching cases of 1,5-H-shift reactions, a total of 72 models had to be built, representing a myriad of reactant diastereoisomers and cyclic transition state configurations. A code in Python capable of building and filtering all the necessary combinations of models, including multiple reactant and TS configurations, was created. This code prepared all the electronic structure calculation inputs and treated the outputs for kinetic calculation code, incorporating features for symmetry determination, as well as classification of reaction pathways for branched structures with multiple configurations of reactant and TS. The results obtained from the code were compared to the ones produced by hand and the code was found to overcome the human results, as it avoided symmetries and optical isomers errors, and the TMTS tables were automatically created to the 1,5-H-shift reactions. The β-scission of alkyl radicals represent another important class of reactions, as they lead to the formation of unsaturated primary products (alkenes), so the same approach was applied for this reaction family, and tables containing the models of transition state were also proposed for C-C and C-H bond scissions, resulting in a total of 45 reaction models. The H-abstraction reactions by hydrogen atom and alkyl radicals were also treated by the code, representinga total of 20 reaction models. Finally, the alkyl recombinations were also investigated, a reaction family with loose TS that required a refined variational treatment. For this reaction family, rate constants were obtained theoretically in function of temperature and pressure for different alkyl chain sizes. From the results, a simple rule called "the geometric mean rule" (GMR) was useful for expanding pressure-dependent rate coefficients from small to large systems. Therefore, this rule was combined with the results calculated theoretically to propose tabulated values for the kinetic data of alkyl recombination reactions. The reaction families covered by the TMTS tables include the majority of the alkane pyrolysis process and their implementation on reaction mechanisms should improve the accuracy of branched and linear alkane models
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Lohani, Sapana. "Linking ecosystem services with state-and-transition models to evaluate rangeland management decisions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/314685.
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Rangelands are a major type of land found on all continents. Though they comprise around 70% of the world's land area, knowledge of rangelands is limited and immature. Rangelands supply humans with food and fiber at very low energy costs compared to cultivated lands. They are inherently heterogeneous, highly variable in time and space. Rangeland management needs to consider the impacts of long-term vegetation transition. It needs a conceptual framework defining potential vegetation communities, describing the management induced transition of one vegetation community to another, and documenting the expected benefits provided by the various potential vegetation communities. The most widely used conceptual unit in the rangeland discipline is the "ecological site". Ecological sites can be an effective unit that should respond to management consistently and can help managers understand the site's potential to meet human needs. A state and transition model (STM) brings ecological sites and their potential vegetative states together to build a conceptual framework showing the major causes of transitions between states of an ecological site and thus helping make adaptive management decisions. Within the STM there is a need for an indicator of ecosystem health. Ecosystem services can be important to evaluate alternative states. Ecosystem services do not pass through a market for valuation, though often the cost would be very high if, through mismanagement, the ecosystem is no longer capable of providing those services. Vegetation communities are constantly facing reversible or irreversible transitions triggered by natural events and/or management actions. The framework generated in this study is significant in using remote sensing to generate state and transition models for a large area and in using ecosystem services to evaluate natural and/or management induced transitions as described in the STM. This dissertation addresses the improvement of public rangelands management in the West. It applies geospatial technologies to map ecological sites and states on those sites, characterizes transitions between states and selects a desired state to manage towards based on a systematic assessment of the value of flows of environmental services. The results from this study are an evaluation of improved draft ecological site maps for a larger area using remote sensing images, a simplified state-and-transition model adapted to remote sensing capabilities to study transitions due to climatic events and management practices, and a constrained optimization model that incorporates ecosystem services and the simplified STM to evaluate management costs and conservation benefits. The study showed that brush treatment is the most effective management practice to cause state transitions. The highest increase in the high cover state was by 24%. Areas under grazing and drought show slow transitions from brush to grass and also after prescribed fire vegetation take at least two years to recover.
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Van, Scoyoc Matthew W. "A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL SITES AND STATE-AND-TRANSITION MODELS." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3075.
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The interaction of land-use and climate can cause non-linear “state” changes in ecosystems, characterized by persistent differences in structure and function. Changes in land-use and climate on the Colorado Plateau may be driving many ecosystems toward undesired states where energy-intensive measures are required to return to previous states. Landscape classification systems based on “ecological potential” offer a robust framework to evaluate ecological conditions. Ecological sites are a popular landscape classification system based on long-term ecological potential and are widely used throughout the western US. Ecological sites have been described extensively for rangelands and woodlands on DOI Bureau of Land Management lands; however, they have yet to be described on USDA Forest Service (USFS) lands. In this thesis, I describe a statistical approach to ecological site delineation and the development of state-and-transition models, diagrams that illustrate ecosystem dynamics and responses to disturbances. In Chapter 2, I used a large inventory dataset and multivariate statistical procedures to classify plots based on life zone, soils, and potential vegetation, effectively delineating statistical ecological site-like groups. Most of the statistical ecological sites matched ecological sites already described by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Additionally, I described one new ecological site that has not been described by the NRCS in the Colorado Plateau region. In Chapter 3, I examined empirical evidence for alternative states in mountain ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) and upland piñon-juniper ecosystems. Using multivariate statistical procedures, I found that plots cluster into groups consistent with generalized alternative states identified in a priori conceptual models. Additionally, I showed that ponderosa pine clusters were true alternative states and piñon-juniper clusters were not true alternative states because they were confounded by similarities in climate. Ponderosa pine clusters were differentiated by overstory ponderosa pine density and corresponded to three states: current potential, high fuel load, and reduced overstory. These results illustrate the range of ecosystem variability that is present throughout the study area and present evidence for alternatives states caused by historical land-use. This project is the first to propose ecological sites and state-and-transition models on USFS lands in this region. These techniques could be applied to areas that do not have formally described ecological sites and state-and-transition models and could help identify ecological sites that may have been overlooked using other means of delineation. Additionally, these methods can be used to evaluate the range of ecological variability throughout an area of interest and to improved understanding of ecosystem dynamics.
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Cobb, Richard C., Katinka X. Ruthrof, David D. Breshears, et al. "Ecosystem dynamics and management after forest die-off: a global synthesis with conceptual state-and-transition models." WILEY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626548.
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Broad-scale forest die-off associated with drought and heat has now been reported from every forested continent, posing a global-scale challenge to forest management. Climate-driven die-off is frequently compounded with other drivers of tree mortality, such as altered land use, wildfire, and invasive species, making forest management increasingly complex. Facing similar challenges, rangeland managers have widely adopted the approach of developing conceptual models that identify key ecosystem states and major types of transitions between those states, known as "state-and-transition models" (S&T models). Using expert opinion and available research, the development of such conceptual S&T models has proven useful in anticipating ecosystem changes and identifying management actions to undertake or to avoid. In cases where detailed data are available, S&T models can be developed into probabilistic predictions, but even where data are insufficient to predict transition probabilities, conceptual S&T models can provide valuable insights for managing a given ecosystem and for comparing and contrasting different ecosystem dynamics. We assembled a synthesis of 14 forest die-off case studies from around the globe, each with sufficient information to infer impacts on forest dynamics and to inform management options following a forest die-off event. For each, we developed a conceptual S&T model to identify alternative ecosystem states, pathways of ecosystem change, and points where management interventions have been, or may be, successful in arresting or reversing undesirable changes. We found that our diverse set of mortality case studies fit into three broad classes of ecosystem trajectories: (1) single-state transition shifts, (2) ecological cascading responses and feedbacks, and (3) complex dynamics where multiple interactions, mortality drivers, and impacts create a range of possible state transition responses. We integrate monitoring and management goals in a framework aimed to facilitate development of conceptual S&T models for other forest die-off events. Our results highlight that although forest die-off events across the globe encompass many different underlying drivers and pathways of ecosystem change, there are commonalities in opportunities for successful management intervention.
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Hodge, Duncan. "Deformation of 113Cs from proton-emission and electromagnetic transition rates." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/deformation-of-113cs-from-protonemission-and-electromagnetic-transition-rates(4120984a-29b6-498c-8f05-2fe1946fd661).html.
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Studying nuclei beyond the proton dripline can provide valuable information on the structure of nuclei at the limits of stability, where the strong nuclear force starts to be overcome by Coulomb repulsion between protons. Simple experimental observables, such as excitation energies and lifetimes of excited states in these proton-unbound nuclei can provide information on the nuclear wave function. Experimental data, such as that presented in this work, can then be used to improve models of nuclear structure at the proton dripline. This thesis presents data from a recoil-decay tagged differential plunger experiment undertaken at the University of Jyvaskyla in 2014. A fusion-evaporation reaction was used to populate excited states in the deformed ground-state proton emitter 113Cs. The JUROGAM-RITU-GREAT experimental setup was used to correlate gamma rays emitted from these excited states with protons emitted from 113Cs and the differential plunger for unbound nuclear states (DPUNS) was placed at the target position to measure the excited state lifetimes. The lifetime of the (11/2+) state in the most intense rotational band of 113Cs was measured to be tau = 24(6) ps, while a limit of tau is less than or equal to 5 ps was found for the lifetime of the higher energy (15/2+) state. The lifetime of proton emission was measured to be tau = 24.2(2) microseconds. The experimental data were used to test the predictions of a non adiabatic quasi-particle model for proton-emitting nuclei, which was employed to deduce the deformation of the states in 113Cs. Wave functions from the non adiabatic quasi-particle model were used to independently calculate proton-emission rates, gamma-ray transition rates and excited state energies as functions of deformation. The deformation of 113Cs could then be extracted from the intersection of the different theoretical values and experimental observables. A deformation of beta2 = 0.22(6)was extracted from the (11/2+) excitation energy and lifetime. The deformation values taken from the proton-emission rate and the lifetime limit of the (15/2+) state were also consistent with this value. The consistency of the different deformations calculated shows the effectiveness of the non adiabatic quasi-particle method when used to calculate the properties of deformed ground-state proton-emitters.
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Van, Dyke Christopher. "Changing States: Using State-and-Transition Models to Evaluate Channel Evolution Following Dam Removal Along the Clark Fork River, Montana." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/31.
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Located just east of Missoula, Montana, Milltown Dam stood from 1908 to 2008 immediately downstream of the Clark Fork River’s confluence with the Blackfoot River. After the discovery of arsenic-contaminated groundwater in the nearby community of Milltown, as well as extensive deposits of contaminated sediment in the dam’s upstream reservoir, in 1981, the area was designated a Superfund site – along with much of the Upper Clark Fork Watershed. This motivated the eventual decision to remove the dam, perform environmental remediation, and reconstruct approximately five kilometers of the Clark Fork River and its floodplain. This study is part conceptual and part empirical. It describes a state-and-transition framework equipped to investigate channel evolution as well as the adjustment trajectories of other socio-biophysical landscapes. This framework is then applied to understand the post-restoration channel evolution of the Clark Fork River’s mainstem, secondary channels, and floodplain. Adopting a state-and-transition framework to conceptualize landscape evolution lets environmental managers more effectively anticipate river response under multiple disturbence scenarios and therefore use more improvisational and adaptive management techniques that do not attempt to guide the landscape toward a single and permanent end state. State-and-transition models can also be used to highlight the spatially explicit patterns of complex biophysical response. The state-and-transition models developed for the Clark Fork River demonstrate the possibility of multiple evolutionary trajectories. Neither the secondary channels nor the main channel have responded in a linear, monotonic fashion, and future responses will be contingent upon hydrogeomorphic and climatic variability and chance disturbances. The biogeomorphic adjustments observed so far suggest divergent evolutionary trajectories and that in some instances the long-term fates of the mainstem, floodplain, and secondary channels are inescapably enmeshed with one another.
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Kalaji, Abdul Salam. "Search-based software engineering : a search-based approach for testing from extended finite state machine (EFSM) models." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4575.
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The extended finite state machine (EFSM) is a powerful modelling approach that has been applied to represent a wide range of systems. Despite its popularity, testing from an EFSM is a substantial problem for two main reasons: path feasibility and path test case generation. The path feasibility problem concerns generating transition paths through an EFSM that are feasible and satisfy a given test criterion. In an EFSM, guards and assignments in a path‟s transitions may cause some selected paths to be infeasible. The problem of path test case generation is to find a sequence of inputs that can exercise the transitions in a given feasible path. However, the transitions‟ guards and assignments in a given path can impose difficulties when producing such data making the range of acceptable inputs narrowed down to a possibly tiny range. While search-based approaches have proven efficient in automating aspects of testing, these have received little attention when testing from EFSMs. This thesis proposes an integrated search-based approach to automatically test from an EFSM. The proposed approach generates paths through an EFSM that are potentially feasible and satisfy a test criterion. Then, it generates test cases that can exercise the generated feasible paths. The approach is evaluated by being used to test from five EFSM cases studies. The achieved experimental results demonstrate the value of the proposed approach.
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Woo, Pao-sun Pauline, and 胡寶璇. "Applications of age-period-cohort and state-transition Markov models in understanding cervical cancer incidence trends and evaluating thecost-effectiveness of cytologic screening." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36900400.
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Woo, Pao-sun Pauline. "Applications of age-period-cohort and state-transition Markov models in understanding cervical cancer incidence trends and evaluating the cost-effectiveness of cytologic screening." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36900400.
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Xie, Yan. "STOCHASTIC DYNAMICS OF GENE TRANSCRIPTION." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/statistics_etds/2.
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Gene transcription in individual living cells is inevitably a stochastic and dynamic process. Little is known about how cells and organisms learn to balance the fidelity of transcriptional control and the stochasticity of transcription dynamics. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of environmental signals to this intricate balance, a Three State Model was recently proposed, and the transcription system was assumed to transit among three different functional states randomly.
In this work, we employ this model to demonstrate how the stochastic dynamics of gene transcription can be characterized by the three transition parameters. We compute the probability distribution of a zero transcript event and its conjugate, the distribution of the time durations in gene on or gene off periods, the transition frequency between system states, and the transcriptional bursting frequency. We also exemplify the mathematical results by the experimental data on prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription.
The analysis reveals that no promoters will be definitely turned on to transcribe within a finite time period, no matter how strong the induction signals are applied, and how abundant the activators are available. Although stronger extrinsic signals could enhance promoter activation rate, the promoter creates an intrinsic ceiling that no signals could cross over in a finite time. Consequently, among a large population of isogenic cells, only a portion of the cells, but not the whole population, could be induced by environmental signals to express a particular gene within a finite time period. We prove that the gene on duration follows an exponential distribution, and the gene off intervals show a local maximum that is best described by assuming two sequential exponential process. The transition frequencies are determined by a system of stochastic differential equations, or equivalently, an iterative scheme of integral operators. We prove that for each positive integer n , there associates a unique time, called the peak instant, at which the nth transcript synthesis cycle since time zero proceeds most likely. These moments constitute a time series preserving the nature order of n.
Books on the topic "Tabulated Models of Transition state"
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Kuimov, Vasiliy, Konstantin Simonov, Eva Scherbenko, et al. Ecosystem formats and digital models in the transition of the region to a new technological order. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2001727.
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The materials of the monograph are based on the authors' long-term research on new areas of business development and their interactions in the context of digital transformation and the paradigm of sustainable development. The research summarizes both theoretical approaches and the practice of developing a new post-industrial economy in the Siberian region. It is shown that in the regions, in the macro-regions, the most massive businesses of agro-industrial, forestry and tourism complexes and organizations of social infrastructure have the main features of business ecosystems and can interact on the basis of digital platforms and digital models, achieving high-quality results and obtaining network effects, including in the implementation of the integrated investment project "Yenisei Siberia" and development Angara-Yenisei macroregion. Intersectoral and interregional clusters of these businesses and enterprises of vertically integrated businesses in the regions, organizing their interactions with partners, consumers and the state on the basis of digital platforms and digital models of their consolidated production and distribution systems, can serve as a transitional stage to such coordinated interaction.
 It is intended for scientific and practical business workers, management specialists, including regional government bodies and federal management structures in regions and federal districts.
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European Association of Agricultural Economists. Seminar. Economic transition and the greening of policies: Modeling new challenges for agriculture and agribusiness in Europe : proceedins of the 50th European Seminar of the European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) and the folow-up Conference of the European Short Course in Global Trade Analysis, October 15-17, 1996, Giessen, Germany. Vauk, 1998.
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der, Hoeven Rolph van, and Shorrocks Anthony F, eds. Perspectives on growth and poverty. United Nations University Press, 2003.
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Muhaev, Rashid. Geopolitics. In 2 vols . INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1938063.
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What does the world expect as a result of the geopolitical transformation associated with the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world order? Will this result in a just and secure world order in which there will be no hegemon, the chosen and the outcasts? What will the geostructure of the first half of the XXI century represent? The answers to these questions can be found in volume 1 of this textbook.
 Geopolitics is considered as a science and a set of practices of global positioning of states in the context of the totality of factors determining their strategic potential in the modern world. A systematic presentation of geopolitics as a scientific discipline is presented, the evolution of geopolitical ideas and concepts is traced, and the current state of geopolitics is revealed. The practices and technology of the formation of geopolitical spatial models underlying the world political order at different stages of the historical development of mankind are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the current phase of the geopolitical development of the world system associated with the formation of a multipolar world order, possible geostrategies of the leading countries of the world and regions in the context of the confrontation between the global North led by the United States and the global South led by Russia and China are identified.
 For students and postgraduates studying in the fields of 41.03.04 "Political Science", 41.03.05 "International Relations", 38.03.04 "State and Municipal Administration", 41.03.02 "Regional Studies".
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Muhaev, Rashid. Geopolitics. In 2 tt. Volume 2. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1946247.
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What does the world expect as a result of the geopolitical transformation associated with the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world order? Will this result in a just and secure world order in which there will be no hegemon, the chosen and the outcasts? What will the geostructure of the first half of the XXI century represent? The answers to these questions can be found in volume 2 of this textbook. Geopolitics is considered as a science and a set of practices of global positioning of states in the context of the totality of factors determining their strategic potential in the modern world. A systematic presentation of geopolitics as a scientific discipline is presented, the evolution of geopolitical ideas and concepts is traced, and the current state of geopolitics is revealed. The practices and technology of the formation of geopolitical spatial models underlying the world political order at different stages of the historical development of mankind are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the current phase of the geopolitical development of the world system associated with the formation of a multipolar world order, possible geostrategies of the leading countries of the world and regions in the context of the confrontation between the global North led by the United States and the global South led by Russia and China are identified. For students studying in the fields of 41.03.04 "Political Science", 41.03.05 "International Relations", 38.03.04 "State and Municipal Administration", 41.03.02 "Regional Studies", and graduate students.
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David, Henry P. From Abortion to Contraception. Greenwood, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400654206.
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Within an interdisciplinary context of public health, reproductive health, and women's rights, this book chronicles the interaction of public policies and private reproductive behavior in the 28 formerly socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR successor states from 1917 to the present. Focusing on the interaction of public policies and private behaviors, special emphasis is placed on the status of women—from producers of labor to reproducers of families. Consideration is given to societal values and traditions, Marxist theory, socialist and patriarchal perceptions of gender roles, status of women, changes in legislation facilitating or constraining access to modern contraceptives and abortion, pronatalist influences on demographic trends, attitudes of public health service providers, views on sex education, adolescent sexual behavior, and emerging roles of public services and nongovernmental organizations. Included are notes on key developments in the USSR successor states in Europe and in Asia, a discussion of the societal effects of post-socialist transitions from central planning to market economies, and commentaries on the changing emphasis from demographic aspects to reproductive and sexual health, postabortion psychological responses, and the activities of antiabortion-oriented religious organizations. To the extent available, statistical data tabulated include live birth, legally induced abortions, birth rates, legal abortion rates, legal abortion ratios, and total fertility rates. Over 1250 references are listed.
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(Editor), Vladan Celebonovic, Werner Däppen (Editor), and Douglas Gough (Editor), eds. Equation-of-State and Physe-Transition Issues in Models of Qrdinary Astrophysical Matter: Lorentz Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 - 11 June 2004 (AIP ... Proceedings / Astronomy and Astrophysics). American Institute of Physics, 2004.
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Borsboom, Denny. Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0011.
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Network approaches have been proposed as an alternative way of thinking about relations between symptoms of mental disorders. Unlike traditional psychometric approaches, network models view these associations as the result of direct interactions between symptoms. Disorders are defined as alternative stable states of a network due to increased connectivity between symptoms. This increased connectivity creates a pattern of reinforcement, so the system can get stuck in a state of prolonged activation. Mental health is defined as the stable state of a weakly connected network. Although symptomatology may be temporarily increased in a healthy network (e.g., due to adverse life events), as the influence of a shock wanes the network will spontaneously return to its healthy state. Strongly connected networks, however, may transition into disordered states upon similar external shocks, and may not naturally recover. Thus, the proposed definitions yield plausible conceptualizations of resilience and vulnerability.
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Bao, Yun, Carl Chiarella, and Boda Kang. Particle Filters for Markov-Switching Stochastic Volatility Models. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.9.
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This chapter proposes an auxiliary particle filter algorithm for inference in regime switching stochastic volatility models in which the regime state is governed by a first-order Markov chain. It proposes an ongoing updated Dirichlet distribution to estimate the transition probabilities of the Markov chain in the auxiliary particle filter. A simulation-based algorithm is presented for the method that demonstrates the ability to estimate a class of models in which the probability that the system state transits from one regime to a different regime is relatively high. The methodology is implemented in order to analyze a real-time series, namely, the foreign exchange rate between the Australian dollar and the South Korean won.
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Rolph Van Der Hoeven (Editor) and Anthony F. Shorrocks (Editor), eds. Perspectives on Growth and Poverty. United Nations University Press, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tabulated Models of Transition state"
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Tarnay, K. "State-Transition Based Models." In Protocol Specification and Testing. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5778-0_4.
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Ostroff, J. S. "Automated verification of timed transition models." In Automatic Verification Methods for Finite State Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-52148-8_20.
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Deshmukh, Shailaja. "Multi-state Transition Models for Cash Flows." In Multiple Decrement Models in Insurance. Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0659-0_5.
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Bestelmeyer, Brandon T., Andrew Ash, Joel R. Brown, et al. "State and Transition Models: Theory, Applications, and Challenges." In Rangeland Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46709-2_9.
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Figueiredo, Daniel, Eugénio Rocha, Manuel António Martins, and Madalena Chaves. "rPrism – A Software for Reactive Weighted State Transition Models." In Hybrid Systems Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28042-0_11.
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Ibarra, Oscar H., Tevfik Bultan, and Jianwen Su. "Reachability Analysis for Some Models of Infinite-State Transition Systems." In CONCUR 2000 — Concurrency Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44618-4_15.
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Balsamo, Simonetta, and Andrea Marin. "Product-Form Solutions for Models with Joint-State Dependent Transition Rates." In Analytical and Stochastic Modeling Techniques and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13568-2_7.
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Hughes, A. J., R. J. Barthorpe, and K. Worden. "On Health-State Transition Models for Risk-Based Structural Health Monitoring." In Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77143-0_5.
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Lees, Alison C., M. S. T. Bukowinski, and Raymond Jeanloz. "Reflection properties of phase transition and compositional change models of the 670-km Discontinuity." In Elastic Properties and Equations of State. American Geophysical Union, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/sp026p0488.
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Sahraoui, Abd-El-Kader. "From State Transition Models to DFD Extended Methods for Specifying Reactive Systems." In Petri Nets in Flexible and Agile Automation. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2231-7_11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Tabulated Models of Transition state"
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Cox, Benjamin, Émilie Chouzenoux, and Víctor Elvira. "Learning a Sparse Polynomial Approximation to the Transition Function of General State-Space Models." In ICASSP 2025 - 2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp49660.2025.10888706.
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Iehira, Kazuki, and Hiroyuki Inoue. "Feasibility Assessment of Denial-of-Service Attacks by Analyzing SOME/IP-SD State Transition Models." In 2024 IEEE 48th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac61105.2024.00273.
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Leparoux, Julien, Renaud Mercier, Stefano Puggelli, Mélody Cailler, and Vincent Moureau. "Numerical Investigation of a Hydrogen-Air Flame for NOx Prediction." In ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-103129.
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Abstract Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) are a major candidate to reduce pollutant emissions in future aeronautical engines. Recently, the use of hydrogen as a fuel has gained a high interest partly because its combustion is free from carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, and produces few pollutants, mainly nitrogen oxides (NOx). Over the last decades, efforts on numerical methods for combustion simulation in aero-engines have largely been focused on kerosene-air combustion. However, the current transition may have a significant impact on the computational methodologies for combustor design. Hydrogen defines novel modeling issues and challenges the current state of art on numerical methodologies. The current study presents a numerical investigation of a hydrogen-air burner using Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) with a focus on NOx prediction. The considered configuration is a two-staged combustor, similar to the well-known RQL (Rich-Quench-Lean) technology, supplied by a single coaxial injector characterized experimentally. Two combustion models are investigated: i) tabulated chemistry based on premixed flamelets ii) transported chemistry description by using a 21-species chemical scheme. Numerical results are compared with experimental data (NOx concentrations, temperature distributions, pressure losses). A focus on models predictions is carried out. Results show a good agreement to predict the main flow characteristics and the premixed flame position over different operating points and geometries for both frameworks. In contrast, NOx emissions are more sensitive: while the overall trend is well captured, the quantification is more scattered. Finally, an in-depth analysis is proposed to link NOx production with the non-premixed flame size.
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Banuti, Daniel T. "Supercritical Pseudo Boiling in Cubic Equations of State." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-58788.
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Abstract Today, modern combustion systems and advanced cycles often reach operating pressures exceeding the working fluid’s or fuel’s critical pressure. While the liquid-gas coexistence line is the dominant feature in the fluid state space at low pressures, a supercritical analog to boiling, pseudo boiling, exists at supercritical pressures. Pseudo boiling is the transcritical state transition between supercritical liquid states and supercritical gaseous states, associated with peaks in heat capacity and thermal expansion. This transition occurs across a finite temperature interval. So far, the relation between the pseudo boiling line of tabulated hi-fi p-v-T data and the behavior of efficient engineering cubic equations of state (EOS) is unclear. In the present paper, we calculate the slope of the pseudo boiling line analytically from cubic equations of state. The Redlich-Kwong EOS leads to a constant value for all species, Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong EOS yield a cubic dependency of the slope on the acentric factor. For more than twenty compounds with acentric factors ranging from −0.38 to 0.57 calculated slopes are compared with NIST data and vapor pressure correlations. Particularly the Peng-Robinson EOS matches reference data very well. Classical empirical values of Guggenheim or Plank & Riedel are obtained analytically. Then, pseudo boiling predictions of the Peng Robinson EOS are compared to NIST data. Deviations in transition temperature interval, and nondimensional parameters of the distributed latent heat are compared. Especially the different caloric behavior of tabulated fluid data for H2, N2, CO2, and H2O cannot be reproduced by the Peng Robinson EOS. These results may open the way towards new EOS with specific emphasis on Widom line and supercritical transition behavior.
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Mishalani, Rabi G., and Samer M. Madanat. "Infrastructure State Transition Probability Computation Using Duration Models." In Seventh International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation (AATT). American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40632(245)64.
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Manohar, Nimtha, P. T. Lekshmipriya, V. Jayan, and V. K. Bhadran. "Spellchecker for Malayalam using finite state transition models." In 2015 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems (RAICS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/raics.2015.7488406.
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Wang, Jue, and Hongyu Zhang. "Predicting defect numbers based on defect state transition models." In the ACM-IEEE international symposium. ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2372251.2372287.
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Smit, Michael, and Eleni Stroulia. "Autonomic Configuration Adaptation Based on Simulation-Generated State-Transition Models." In 2011 37th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seaa.2011.36.
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Davoodi, Omid, and Majid Komeili. "Feature-Based Interpretable Reinforcement Learning based on State-Transition Models." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658917.
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Zhu, Derui, Dingfan Chen, Qing Li, et al. "PoLLMgraph: Unraveling Hallucinations in Large Language Models via State Transition Dynamics." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-naacl.294.
Full textReports on the topic "Tabulated Models of Transition state"
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Shen, Wei, and Chuchu Fu. China’s Engagement with DRC’s Critical Minerals Sector: Extractivism, Developmentalism, and the Quest for a Just Transition. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.032.
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This Working Paper explores the multifaceted Chinese engagement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DRC) copper and cobalt mining sector. We identified two distinctive approaches for such engagement: one led by central state-owned enterprises (CSOEs) and state-backed policy financial institutions (S-PFIs), and the other by a mix of public and private Chinese companies. The paper argues that while the former approach is embedded with a developmentalist ideology by aiming to utilise resource income to promote infrastructure development, the latter follows a typical extractivist logic of profit maximisation via mineral exports. It suggests that the developmentalist and extractivist approaches have generated significant socio-economic impacts on DRC's development trajectory at the national and local levels. Both pathways also face distinctive challenges in the context of regime and policy changes in DRC in recent years. Therefore, the quest for a just transition in DRC’s mining sector warrants a better understanding of different models of Chinese engagement in this critical sector at a rather distinctive historical juncture.
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Hamilton, Carolyn. Review and Recommendations for Strengthening Transitioning-from-State-Care Services for Youth in the Protection System. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004354.
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Research studies from a range of countries indicate that, despite differences in policies, youth who age out of state care have significant similarities in outcomes globally. These young people have difficulty finding stable and affordable housing; accessing a social network, healthcare, and supportive and safe social relationships; and engaging in education, training, and employment. The present report, focused on youth aging out of residential care and detention in Belize, aims to contribute to the growing literature on frameworks, models, programs, and best practices to address service gaps and barriers and improve outcomes for youth transitioning to post care. The report presents a diagnostic of available services to support youth in Belize to successfully transition to post-care and provides recommendations to strengthen services that improve their post-care outcomes.
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Ayele, Seife, and Vianney Mutyaba. Chinese-Funded Electricity Generation in Sub-Saharan Africa and Implications for Public Debt and Transition to Renewable Energy. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.063.
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While China has been increasingly contributing to the recent growth in electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the effects of China-funded investment on host countries’ debt burden and transition to renewable energy sources have not been sufficiently explored. Drawing on secondary data, combined with deep dive studies of Ethiopia and Uganda, this paper shows that despite significant liberalisation of the power sector in SSA, Chinese investments in the electricity industry continue to follow state-led project contract-based models. We show that this approach has failed to encourage Chinese firms to build compelling investment portfolios for competitive procurements within the region and, instead and inadvertently, it has exacerbated the debt burden of host country governments. Second, in spite of the global drive towards climate resilient energy generation, Chinese funding of electricity generation in SSA is not sufficiently channelled towards modern renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power that could reduce vulnerability to climate change. While recognising that the private sector-led competitive model of power generation is not without limitations, we argue that SSA’s electricity generation strategy that leads to less public debt and more climate resilience involves increased involvement of Chinese investment in the competitive model, with more diversification of such investment portfolios towards modern renewables such as wind and solar energy resources.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, Hannah King, and H. A. "Burt" Tasaico. How Will California’s Electric Vehicle Policy Impact State-Generated Transportation Revenues? Projecting Scenarios through 2040. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2312.
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California faces unprecedented uncertainty about how much revenue the state will raise from a package of taxes on motor fuels and annual registration fees on light-duty vehicles that was established in 2017 by Senate Bill 1 (SB 1). The SB 1 taxes are by far the largest source of revenue that the State of California generates to support maintenance, operations, and improvements for state highways, and the funds also contribute substantially to local transportation and public transit budgets. To help policymakers navigate the uncertainty about future SB 1 transportation revenue, this study used spreadsheet models to project revenue from the SB 1 taxes through 2040 under a set of eight scenarios that consider a wide range of possible futures. The scenarios consider changes to revenue that could arise from implementation of California’s zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) regulations, as well as potential changes in driving costs, population size, vehicle ownership rates, and trucking industry operations. Key findings include: • It is impossible to project future revenues with any confidence for more than a few years into the future. By 2040, annual revenue ranges from a low of $4.81 billion to a high of $12.15 billion. • The state may lose substantial revenue if the SB 1 taxes and fees are not changed and/or replaced within the coming few years. In 2027, just three years out, projected annual revenue for some scenarios drops by more than a billion dollars below 2024 revenue. • A fast ICE to ZEV transition would significantly reduce annual revenue—but so could changes in VMT. • Fuel taxes currently provide most SB 1 revenue, but by 2040 California may rely on vehicle registration fees to provide most of the revenue.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices
 are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability
 assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6876399.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947060.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing
 practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the
 Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson, and Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6965584.ch.
Full textAbstract:
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state and transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending on geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Mangalathu, Sujith, Mehrdad Shokrabadi, and Henry Burton. Aftershock Seismic Vulnerability and Time-Dependent Risk Assessment of Bridges. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/uuue2614.
Full textAbstract:
The time-dependent seismic risk of bridges is assessed while account accounting for the effect of aftershocks and the uncertainty in the damage state after a mainshock event. To achieve this, a Markov risk-assessment framework is adopted to account for the probabilistic transition of the bridge structure through different damage states and time-dependent aftershock hazard. The methodology is applied to three typical California bridge configurations that differ only based on their era of design and construction. Era 11, Era 22, and Era 33 designations are used for the three bridges, which are designed and detailed to reflect pre-1971, 1971–1990 and post-1990 construction. In addition to mainshock-only evaluations (used as a benchmark to quantify the additional risk posed by aftershocks), pre-mainshock (to account for the uncertainty in the occurrence of mainshock and aftershock events) and post-mainshock (which are based on a conditioning mainshock event and bridge damage state) seismic risk assessments are performed. To support these assessments, a set of 34 pairs of ground motions from as-recorded mainshock–aftershock sequences is assembled. Sequential nonlinear response history analyses (including incremental dynamic analyses) are used to obtain the response demands when the structural models of all bridges are subjected to mainshock-only records or mainshock–aftershock record-pairs. Physical damage in both the mainshock and mainshock–aftershock environments is defined using the following mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive limit states: Intact, Slight, Moderate, Extensive, and Complete. For both the pre- and post-mainshock assessments, the additional risk caused by aftershock hazard is found to be higher for the older bridges (i.e., Era 11 and Era 22) and more severe conditioning damage states. A direct correlation between the bridge’s age and the increase in seismic risk due to aftershock hazard was also observed for the pre-mainshock assessment. It is suggested that the proposed methodology be used to make informed decisions regarding the appropriateness and timing of bridge closures (partial and complete) following a seismic event while considering aftershock hazard.