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1

Kuimov, Vasiliy, Konstantin Simonov, Eva Scherbenko, et al. Ecosystem formats and digital models in the transition of the region to a new technological order. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2001727.

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The materials of the monograph are based on the authors' long-term research on new areas of business development and their interactions in the context of digital transformation and the paradigm of sustainable development. The research summarizes both theoretical approaches and the practice of developing a new post-industrial economy in the Siberian region. It is shown that in the regions, in the macro-regions, the most massive businesses of agro-industrial, forestry and tourism complexes and organizations of social infrastructure have the main features of business ecosystems and can interact on the basis of digital platforms and digital models, achieving high-quality results and obtaining network effects, including in the implementation of the integrated investment project "Yenisei Siberia" and development Angara-Yenisei macroregion. Intersectoral and interregional clusters of these businesses and enterprises of vertically integrated businesses in the regions, organizing their interactions with partners, consumers and the state on the basis of digital platforms and digital models of their consolidated production and distribution systems, can serve as a transitional stage to such coordinated interaction.
 It is intended for scientific and practical business workers, management specialists, including regional government bodies and federal management structures in regions and federal districts.
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2

European Association of Agricultural Economists. Seminar. Economic transition and the greening of policies: Modeling new challenges for agriculture and agribusiness in Europe : proceedins of the 50th European Seminar of the European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) and the folow-up Conference of the European Short Course in Global Trade Analysis, October 15-17, 1996, Giessen, Germany. Vauk, 1998.

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3

der, Hoeven Rolph van, and Shorrocks Anthony F, eds. Perspectives on growth and poverty. United Nations University Press, 2003.

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4

Muhaev, Rashid. Geopolitics. In 2 vols . INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1938063.

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What does the world expect as a result of the geopolitical transformation associated with the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world order? Will this result in a just and secure world order in which there will be no hegemon, the chosen and the outcasts? What will the geostructure of the first half of the XXI century represent? The answers to these questions can be found in volume 1 of this textbook.
 Geopolitics is considered as a science and a set of practices of global positioning of states in the context of the totality of factors determining their strategic potential in the modern world. A systematic presentation of geopolitics as a scientific discipline is presented, the evolution of geopolitical ideas and concepts is traced, and the current state of geopolitics is revealed. The practices and technology of the formation of geopolitical spatial models underlying the world political order at different stages of the historical development of mankind are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the current phase of the geopolitical development of the world system associated with the formation of a multipolar world order, possible geostrategies of the leading countries of the world and regions in the context of the confrontation between the global North led by the United States and the global South led by Russia and China are identified.
 For students and postgraduates studying in the fields of 41.03.04 "Political Science", 41.03.05 "International Relations", 38.03.04 "State and Municipal Administration", 41.03.02 "Regional Studies".
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5

Muhaev, Rashid. Geopolitics. In 2 tt. Volume 2. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1946247.

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What does the world expect as a result of the geopolitical transformation associated with the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world order? Will this result in a just and secure world order in which there will be no hegemon, the chosen and the outcasts? What will the geostructure of the first half of the XXI century represent? The answers to these questions can be found in volume 2 of this textbook. Geopolitics is considered as a science and a set of practices of global positioning of states in the context of the totality of factors determining their strategic potential in the modern world. A systematic presentation of geopolitics as a scientific discipline is presented, the evolution of geopolitical ideas and concepts is traced, and the current state of geopolitics is revealed. The practices and technology of the formation of geopolitical spatial models underlying the world political order at different stages of the historical development of mankind are considered. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the current phase of the geopolitical development of the world system associated with the formation of a multipolar world order, possible geostrategies of the leading countries of the world and regions in the context of the confrontation between the global North led by the United States and the global South led by Russia and China are identified. For students studying in the fields of 41.03.04 "Political Science", 41.03.05 "International Relations", 38.03.04 "State and Municipal Administration", 41.03.02 "Regional Studies", and graduate students.
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6

David, Henry P. From Abortion to Contraception. Greenwood, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400654206.

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Within an interdisciplinary context of public health, reproductive health, and women's rights, this book chronicles the interaction of public policies and private reproductive behavior in the 28 formerly socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the USSR successor states from 1917 to the present. Focusing on the interaction of public policies and private behaviors, special emphasis is placed on the status of women—from producers of labor to reproducers of families. Consideration is given to societal values and traditions, Marxist theory, socialist and patriarchal perceptions of gender roles, status of women, changes in legislation facilitating or constraining access to modern contraceptives and abortion, pronatalist influences on demographic trends, attitudes of public health service providers, views on sex education, adolescent sexual behavior, and emerging roles of public services and nongovernmental organizations. Included are notes on key developments in the USSR successor states in Europe and in Asia, a discussion of the societal effects of post-socialist transitions from central planning to market economies, and commentaries on the changing emphasis from demographic aspects to reproductive and sexual health, postabortion psychological responses, and the activities of antiabortion-oriented religious organizations. To the extent available, statistical data tabulated include live birth, legally induced abortions, birth rates, legal abortion rates, legal abortion ratios, and total fertility rates. Over 1250 references are listed.
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7

(Editor), Vladan Celebonovic, Werner Däppen (Editor), and Douglas Gough (Editor), eds. Equation-of-State and Physe-Transition Issues in Models of Qrdinary Astrophysical Matter: Lorentz Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2 - 11 June 2004 (AIP ... Proceedings / Astronomy and Astrophysics). American Institute of Physics, 2004.

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8

Borsboom, Denny. Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems. Edited by Kenneth S. Kendler and Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0011.

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Network approaches have been proposed as an alternative way of thinking about relations between symptoms of mental disorders. Unlike traditional psychometric approaches, network models view these associations as the result of direct interactions between symptoms. Disorders are defined as alternative stable states of a network due to increased connectivity between symptoms. This increased connectivity creates a pattern of reinforcement, so the system can get stuck in a state of prolonged activation. Mental health is defined as the stable state of a weakly connected network. Although symptomatology may be temporarily increased in a healthy network (e.g., due to adverse life events), as the influence of a shock wanes the network will spontaneously return to its healthy state. Strongly connected networks, however, may transition into disordered states upon similar external shocks, and may not naturally recover. Thus, the proposed definitions yield plausible conceptualizations of resilience and vulnerability.
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9

Bao, Yun, Carl Chiarella, and Boda Kang. Particle Filters for Markov-Switching Stochastic Volatility Models. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.9.

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This chapter proposes an auxiliary particle filter algorithm for inference in regime switching stochastic volatility models in which the regime state is governed by a first-order Markov chain. It proposes an ongoing updated Dirichlet distribution to estimate the transition probabilities of the Markov chain in the auxiliary particle filter. A simulation-based algorithm is presented for the method that demonstrates the ability to estimate a class of models in which the probability that the system state transits from one regime to a different regime is relatively high. The methodology is implemented in order to analyze a real-time series, namely, the foreign exchange rate between the Australian dollar and the South Korean won.
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10

Rolph Van Der Hoeven (Editor) and Anthony F. Shorrocks (Editor), eds. Perspectives on Growth and Poverty. United Nations University Press, 2003.

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11

Cao, Gang, and Lance DeLong. Physics of Spin-Orbit-Coupled Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199602025.001.0001.

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Prior to 2010, most research on the physics and chemistry of transition metal oxides was dominated by compounds of the 3d-transition elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu. These materials exhibited novel, important phenomena that include giant magnetoresistance in manganites, as well as high-temperature superconductivity in doped La<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>4</sub> and related cuprates. The discovery in 1994 of an exotic superconducting state in Sr<sub>2</sub>RuO<sub>4</sub> shifted some interest toward ruthenates. Moreover, the realization in 2008 that a novel variant of the classic Mott metal-insulator transition was at play in Sr<sub>2</sub>IrO<sub>4</sub> provided the impetus for a burgeoning group of studies of the influence of strong spin-orbit interactions in “heavy” (4d- and 5d-) transition-element oxides. This book reviews recent experimental and theoretical evidence that the physical and structural properties of 4d- and 5d-oxides are decisively influenced by strong spin-orbit interactions that compete or collaborate with comparable Coulomb, magnetic exchange, and crystalline electric field interactions. The combined effect leads to unusual ground states and magnetic frustration that are unique to this class of materials. Novel couplings between the orbital/lattice and spin degrees of freedom, which lead to unusual types of magnetic order and other exotic phenomena, challenge current theoretical models. Of particular interest are recent investigations of iridates and ruthenates focusing on strong spin-orbit interactions that couple the lattice and spin degrees of freedom.
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12

Wingfield, Emily. ‘Qwhen Alexander our Kynge was Dede’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787525.003.0001.

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The eight lines of verse in Andrew of Wyntoun’s Original Chronicle beginning ‘Qwhen Alexander our kynge was dede’ are commonly read divorced from their original context. Although this can lead to distorted interpretation, the lines are nevertheless representative of one of the most significant but under-studied themes of the whole work: kingship and good governance. Wyntoun offers us models of good kingship or tyranny, and he focuses on certain key topics related to governance, such as the relationship between the Church and State, the nature of royal lineages, and moments of transition between reigns, and the role of a king or leader as proponent of justice and peace. This aspect of Wyntoun’s Chronicle has never before been noted but it is worthy of far greater attention, not least because it repositions the Prior’s often dismissed work as one of the foundational texts in the Scots Advice to Princes tradition.
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13

Sadler, John Z., C. W. van Staden, and K. W. M. Fulford. Introduction. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.1.

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TheOxford Handbook of Psychiatric Ethicsis the most comprehensive treatment of the field in history. The editors briefly describe the goals, scope, and organization of the book. Major themes and the state of the field in the twenty-first century are then addressed. Psychiatric ethics is an excellent framework to examine social changes in psychiatry over the past 25 years. These include multiculturalism and its associated diversity of values; the transition to the digital era with new demands on confidentiality, clinical boundaries, and privacy; the empowerment of psychiatric service users as full participants and co-producers of care; the development of new technologies of assessment and treatment, varying in their invasiveness and risk; the recognition of expanded social roles for psychiatrists, and the associated virtues of psychiatric citizenship; and the development of new practice models, settings, participants, and oversight—representing profound challenges and opportunities for the ethical practice of psychiatry.
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14

Economia sostenibile: rischi e opportunità per il sistema bancario italiano. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa0031.

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The transition towards a sustainable economy, i.e. towards business models that are able to reconcile the typical objectives of economic and financial management with environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects and implications, is gaining increasing attention from all the main stakeholders, be they representatives of the political, scientific and social world, regulatory and supervisory authorities, market investors, workers and consumers. The companies, both industrial and financial, that will best respond to this market trend will be those that address ESG issues not as a pure response to public and regulatory pressure, but those that make it a lasting competitive advantage and longterm growth, taking an active leadership position in sustainability. For the banking sector, in particular, the implications will be considerable, given the fundamental role that banks play in financing the economy and businesses. In fact, being able to accurately identify the sectors, companies and business initiatives most exposed to these trends will be a fundamental factor in being able, on the one hand, to understand, identify, measure and effectively mitigate the new risks associated with them and, on the other, to promptly seize the new opportunities linked to the support and financing of the reconversion towards a more sustainable economy. In the current context, moreover, a great opportunity in this sense is represented by the possibility of channelling towards sustainable economy initiatives a substantial share of the public funds made available by Eurozone governments for the relaunch of the economy following the pandemic emergency. The objective of the position paper is to analyze the strategic priorities in addressing the risks and opportunities associated with the transition to a sustainable economy, to identify the initiatives with greater added value for the market and the respective enabling factors for their concrete implementation. The position paper is divided into four parts: 1. Market context and state of the art of Italian banks; 2. ESG in the banking sector; 3. ESG for non-financial institutions; 4. Key success factors and the role of risk management. Chapter 5 also includes the results of a questionnaire prepared by the Commission to which 31 banks responded, representing around 95% of the total assets of the Italian banking system.
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15

Inman, Robert, and Daniel L. Rubinfeld. Democratic Federalism. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691202129.001.0001.

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Around the world, federalism has emerged as the system of choice for nascent republics and established nations alike. This book considers the most promising forms of federal governance and the most effective path to enacting federal policies. The result is an essential guide to federalism, its principles, its applications, and its potential to enhance democratic governance. The book assess different models of federalism and their relative abilities to promote economic efficiency, encourage the participation of citizens, and protect individual liberties. Under the right conditions, the book argues, a federal democracy—including a national legislature with locally elected representatives—can best achieve these goals. Because a stable union between the national and local governments is key, the book also proposes an innovative method for evaluating new federal laws and their possible impact on state and local governments. Finally, to show what the adoption of federalism can mean for citizens, the book discusses the evolution of governance in the European Union and South Africa's transition from apartheid to a multiracial democracy. Interdisciplinary in approach, the book brims with applicable policy ideas and comparative case studies of global significance.
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16

Moura, Luciano Raizer. A caminho da Indústria 4.0 – Fundamentos e orientações para a transformação digital na Indústria. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-336-7.

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The world is going through the 4th Industrial Revolution, with major changes in people's lives, in cities, in companies. The adoption of modern technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, Big Data and Analytics, among others, is redesigning the way of living, having fun, buying, studying and doing business. The world is increasingly digital and industries, which still produce products from the real world, such as food, clothing, furniture, electronics, machines, among others, need to modernize and undergo the digital transformation of their businesses. In this book, On the way to Industry 4.0, Professor Luciano Raizer presents the theme in a simple and direct way that allows the reader to understand what is, the importance, impacts, technologies and models of Industry 4.0. Based on his postdoctoral studies developed at Fraunhofer Institute, of Germany, Prof. Raizer presents the results of research with industries from Espírito Santo State making a comparative analysis with the German Industry in relation to the maturity in Industry 4.0. It also presents ways that companies can develop with guidelines to transition from the conventional model to Industry 4.0 model.
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17

Clarke, Ellen. The Units of Life. Oxford University PressOxford, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780191948008.001.0001.

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Abstract This book addresses a concept—that of the organism, or biological individual—which is used across biology to pick out living things, but which is contested. I argue that we can arbitrate arguments about the concept by delving into philosophical questions about what concepts are for, in order to formulate some plausible success criteria against which the performance of rival concepts can be evaluated. I defend a particular, evolutionary way of understanding the concept as outperforming its rivals in terms of the kind and range of work it supports. More generally, I argue that kind concepts are like scientific models, in that they distort and idealise the natural world for the sake of making it easier for us to think, talk, and entertain useful expectations about that world. This means that we need to be cautious when trafficking between biological concepts and more abstract metaphysical assumptions about objecthood. But it also helps to explain how our common-sense practice of parsing the living world into countable chunks delivers rich predictive and explanatory success, even though that world is in a bewildering state of transition and compositional complexity. The book delivers creative insights for evolutionary biology and transitions theory, but also breaks new ground in the way it connects scientific ontology to metaphysics.
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18

Epstein, Rachel A. Banking on Markets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809968.001.0001.

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States and banks have traditionally maintained close ties. At various points in time, states have used banks to manage their economies and soak up government debt, while banks enjoyed regulatory forbearance, restricted competition and implicit or explicit guarantees from their home governments. The political foundations of banks have thus been powerful and enduring, with actors on both sides of the aisle reluctant to sever relations. The central argument of this book, however, is that in the world’s largest integrated market, Europe, political ties between states and banks have been transformed. Specifically, through a combination of post-communist transition, monetary union, and economic crisis, states in Europe no longer wield preponderant influence over their banks. In the East, high levels of foreign bank ownership have disrupted politically infused bank–state ties, while in the Eurozone, European Banking Union has supra-nationalized bank governance. Banking on Markets explains why we have witnessed the radical denationalization of this politically vital sector, as well as the consequences for economic volatility and policy autonomy. Contrary to expectations, marketized bank–state ties and elevated foreign bank ownership levels mitigated volatility in Europe’s recent economic crises. But marketized bank–state ties also limit national economic policy discretion. The findings from Europe have implications for other world regions, which, to varying degrees, have also experienced intensified pressure on their traditional models of domestic political control over finance.
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19

Ghosh, Arunabh. Making It Count. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691179476.001.0001.

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In 1949, at the end of a long period of wars, one of the biggest challenges facing leaders of the new People's Republic of China was how much they did not know. The government of one of the world's largest nations was committed to fundamentally reengineering its society and economy via socialist planning while having almost no reliable statistical data about their own country. This book is the history of efforts to resolve this “crisis in counting.” The book explores the choices made by political leaders, statisticians, academics, statistical workers, and even literary figures in attempts to know the nation through numbers. It shows that early reliance on Soviet-inspired methods of exhaustive enumeration became increasingly untenable in China by the mid-1950s. Unprecedented and unexpected exchanges with Indian statisticians followed, as the Chinese sought to learn about the then-exciting new technology of random sampling. These developments were overtaken by the tumult of the Great Leap Forward (1958–1961), when probabilistic and exhaustive methods were rejected and statistics was refashioned into an ethnographic enterprise. By acknowledging Soviet and Indian influences, the book not only revises existing models of Cold War science but also globalizes wider developments in the history of statistics and data. Anchored in debates about statistics and its relationship to state building, the book offers fresh perspectives on China's transition to socialism.
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20

Goldman, Lawrence, ed. Welfare and Social Policy in Britain Since 1870. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833048.001.0001.

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This collection of twelve essays reviews the history of welfare in Britain over the past 150 years, focusing on the ideas that have shaped the development of British social policy and on the thinkers who have inspired and also contested the welfare state. It thereby constructs an intellectual history of British welfare since the concept first emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. The essays divide into four sections. The first considers the transition from laissez-faire to social liberalism from the 1870s and the enduring impact of late Victorian philosophical idealism on the development of the welfare state. The second section is devoted to the concept of ‘planning’ which was at the heart of social policy and its implementation in the mid-twentieth century, but which has subsequently fallen out of favour. A third section examines the intellectual debate over the welfare state since its creation in the 1940s. A final section examines social policy and its implementation more recently, both at grass-roots level in a study of community action in west London in the districts made infamous by the fire at Grenfell Tower in 2017, and at a systemic level where different models of welfare provision are shown to be in uneasy co-existence today. The collection is a tribute to Jose Harris, emeritus professor of history in the University of Oxford and a pioneer of the intellectual history of social policy. Taken together these essays conduct the reader through the key phases and debates in the history of British welfare.
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21

Lefroy, Ted, Allan Curtis, Anthony Jakeman, and James McKee, eds. Landscape Logic. CSIRO Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643103559.

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In 2005, researchers from four Australian universities and CSIRO joined forces with environmental managers from three state agencies and six regional catchment management authorities to answer the question: 'Can we detect the influence of public environmental programs on the condition of our natural resources?' This was prompted by a series of national audits of Australia's environmental programs that could find no evidence of public investment improving the condition of waterways, soils and native vegetation, despite major public programs investing more than $4.2 billion in environmental repair over the last 20 years. &#x0D; Landscape Logic describes how this collaboration of 42 researchers and environmental managers went about the research. It describes what they found and what they learned about the challenge of attributing cause to environmental change. While public programs had been responsible for increase in vegetation extent, there was less evidence for improvement in vegetation condition and water quality. In many cases critical levels of intervention had not been reached, interventions were not sufficiently mature to have had any measurable impact, monitoring had not been designed to match the spatial and temporal scales of the interventions, and interventions lacked sufficiently clear objectives and metrics to ever be detectable. In the process, however, new knowledge emerged on disturbance thresholds in river condition, diagnosing sources of pollution in river systems, and the application and uptake of state-and-transition and Bayesian network models to environmental management.&#x0D; The findings discussed in this book provide valuable messages for environmental managers, land managers, researchers and policy makers.
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22

Claussen, Martin, Anne Dallmeyer, and Jürgen Bader. Theory and Modeling of the African Humid Period and the Green Sahara. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.532.

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There is ample evidence from palaeobotanic and palaeoclimatic reconstructions that during early and mid-Holocene between some 11,700 years (in some regions, a few thousand years earlier) and some 4200 years ago, subtropical North Africa was much more humid and greener than today. This African Humid Period (AHP) was triggered by changes in the orbital forcing, with the climatic precession as the dominant pacemaker. Climate system modeling in the 1990s revealed that orbital forcing alone cannot explain the large changes in the North African summer monsoon and subsequent ecosystem changes in the Sahara. Feedbacks between atmosphere, land surface, and ocean were shown to strongly amplify monsoon and vegetation changes. Forcing and feedbacks have caused changes far larger in amplitude and extent than experienced today in the Sahara and Sahel. Most, if not all, climate system models, however, tend to underestimate the amplitude of past African monsoon changes and the extent of the land-surface changes in the Sahara. Hence, it seems plausible that some feedback processes are not properly described, or are even missing, in the climate system models.Perhaps even more challenging than explaining the existence of the AHP and the Green Sahara is the interpretation of data that reveal an abrupt termination of the last AHP. Based on climate system modeling and theoretical considerations in the late 1990s, it was proposed that the AHP could have ended, and the Sahara could have expanded, within just a few centuries—that is, much faster than orbital forcing. In 2000, paleo records of terrestrial dust deposition off Mauritania seemingly corroborated the prediction of an abrupt termination. However, with the uncovering of more paleo data, considerable controversy has arisen over the geological evidence of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes. Some records clearly show abrupt changes in some climate and terrestrial parameters, while others do not. Also, climate system modeling provides an ambiguous picture.The prediction of abrupt climate and ecosystem changes at the end of the AHP is hampered by limitations implicit in the climate system. Because of the ubiquitous climate variability, it is extremely unlikely that individual paleo records and model simulations completely match. They could do so in a statistical sense, that is, if the statistics of a large ensemble of paleo data and of model simulations converge. Likewise, the interpretation regarding the strength of terrestrial feedback from individual records is elusive. Plant diversity, rarely captured in climate system models, can obliterate any abrupt shift between green and desert state. Hence, the strength of climate—vegetation feedback is probably not a universal property of a certain region but depends on the vegetation composition, which can change with time. Because of spatial heterogeneity of the African landscape and the African monsoon circulation, abrupt changes can occur in several, but not all, regions at different times during the transition from the humid mid-Holocene climate to the present-day more arid climate. Abrupt changes in one region can be induced by abrupt changes in other regions, a process sometimes referred to as “induced tipping.” The African monsoon system seems to be prone to fast and potentially abrupt changes, which to understand and to predict remains one of the grand challenges in African climate science.
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