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Journal articles on the topic 'Tabulated Models of Transition state'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 17 May 2025

Last updated: 5 July 2025

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1

Gulay, A. V., and V. M. Zaitsev. "Intelligent Mechatronic System as an Adaptive Model Having "Controlled Construction"." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 20, no. 10 (2019): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.20.600-608.

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The authors develop an adaptive approach to synthesis of intelligent digital models, which have acquitted particular significance during the research of controlled mechanical constructions. Capacity for generation of active reactions to external functional and energy impacts is a distinctive feature, when the object automatically finds rational or optimal states by means of respective adaptation to the aforesaid impacts. The paper presents principles of intelligent model construction, which simulates the processes of controlled transitions between various states of "the controlled construction" in presence of NON-factors. The principle of cyclic adaptive control has been taken as the basis of generation of the "controlled construction" intelligent model, where in every cycle the managerial decision generation technology is implemented, which provides maintenance of the current construction state or its transition to a more preferable state. The identification process for identification of states of the studied construction has been analyzed, and it assumes comparison of the current values of its parameters corresponding to microstates of the informational image along with classification parameters of the preliminary designated multiple taxons of microstates. A taxonomic scheme was offered for this purpose based on the use of five main taxons having the definite system meaning. It has been shown that application of the squared distance metrics to median abscissa of the selected intervals is technologically sufficient as a proximity measure of the parameter value to the taxon of microstates. The management scenario has been considered in the intelligent mechatronic system, which displays transitions between the optimal states of "the controlled construction" under the influence of external factors. An example, of the intelligent model of mechanical construction is shown in the form of a pulse-type regulator for control of the executive mechanism of system reactions. Construction of the pulse-type regulator is based on the use of the virtual signal formation scheme of mismatch between the current value of the input signal and its value defined by the intelligent system setting mechanism. This mismatch is subject to discrete convolution with the tabulated and abridged original of the required pulse characteristic. It is also shown that sufficiently economical recurrent interrelations for calculations according to mismatch values are formed during construction of the model on the basis of proportional integral and differential regulators.

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2

Weihing, Pascal, Marion Cormier, Thorsten Lutz, and Ewald Krämer. "The near-wake development of a wind turbine operating in stalled conditions – Part 1: Assessment of numerical models." Wind Energy Science 9, no. 4 (2024): 933–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-933-2024.

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Abstract. This study comprehensively investigates the near-wake development of a model wind turbine operating at a low tip-speed ratio in stalled conditions. In the present paper, part 1, different ways of representing the turbine, which include a full geometrical representation and modeling by means of the actuator line method, and different approaches for the modeling of turbulence are assessed. The simulation results are compared with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements from the MEXICO and New MEXICO experiments. A highly resolved numerical setup was created and a higher-order numerical scheme was applied to target an optimal resolution of the tip vortex development and the wakes of the blades. Besides the classical unsteady Reynolds-averaged methodology, a recently developed variant of the detached-eddy simulation (DES) was employed, which features robust shielding capabilities of the boundary layers and enhanced transition to a fully developed large-eddy simulation (LES) state. Two actuator line simulations were performed in which the aerodynamic forces were either evaluated by means of tabulated data or imposed from the averaged blade loads of the simulation with full blade geometry. The purpose is to distinguish between the effects of the force projection and the force calculation in the underlying blade-element method on the blade wake development. With the hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)–LES approach and the geometrically fully resolved rotor blade, the details of the flow of the detached blade wake could be resolved. The prediction of the wake deficit also agreed very well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the strength and size of the blade tip vortices were correctly predicted. With the linear unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) model, the wake deficit could also be described correctly, yet the size of the tip vortices was massively overestimated. The actuator line method, when fed with forces from the fully resolved simulation, provides very similar results in terms of wake deficit and tip vortices to its fully resolved parent simulation. However, using uncorrected two-dimensional polars shows significant deviations in the wake topology of the inner blade region. This shows that the application in such flow conditions requires models for rotational augmentation. In part 2 of the study, to be published in another paper, the development and the dynamics of the early tip vortex formation are detailed.

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3

Molokov, K. А., V. V. Novikov, and M. Dabalez. "Evaluation of the Occurrence of Initial Failures from Stress Concentrators in Welded Joints and Structural Elements." Advanced Engineering Research 23, no. 1 (2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2023-23-1-41-54.

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Introduction. Data on the occurrence of initial failures obtained through testing on standard samples cannot always be extrapolated to real welded joints and structures. This is due to the difference between the concentrators in the joints, because after welding there is a significant structural and mechanical heterogeneity of the heat-affected and stress concentrator zone. Extended, deep concentrators are considered as crack-like defects, at whose vertices a volumetric, multiaxial stress state is formed. The paper addresses the issue of constructing critical diagrams of the onset of the limiting state at the concentrator vertex, which depends on the level of external load and the theoretical concentration coefficient.Materials and Methods. Analytical methods were used to study the stress state. The literature on the topic was analyzed. The features of proven physical models and patterns of behavior of materials were taken into account. The characteristics of steel alloys were taken from open sources and summarized in a tabulated form. Nonlinear equations were solved in Matlab applications. The diagrams constructed by the authors enable to track the correlation of the dangerous level of the theoretical stress concentration factor and the level of external load. Curve Fitting Toolbox Matlab was used to design the graphic part of the work.Results. The characteristic of damage from stress concentrators in welded joints was given. The crack propagation in the fusion zone was shown. The conditions stimulating and inhibiting destruction were indicated. The theoretical stress concentration factor α𝑇 was specified. It was shown how this indicator depended on the width, the height of the seam and the thickness of the welded part. Acute stress concentrators with theoretical concentration factor αт= 5…14 and more were studied. For this case, an approximating formula was given that took into account the maximum stress in the concentrator in the first half cycle, the initial deformation, and the load ratio. Through those elements, an indicator of an increase in maximum stresses was set depending on the number of loading cycles. The flow condition, the stress state, and the overvoltage factor, which took into account the increase in the first principal voltage for a combined stress state, were analytically shown. A model of the critical state at the apex of an acute stress macro concentrator was described. It was presented as the dependence of the relative stresses of the initiation of destruction σн𝑏𝑐/σ0,2 on the concentrator. Possible variations of this model were analyzed. The dependences of relative values σ𝐻𝑏𝑐⁄σ0,2 on the theoretical concentration factor α𝑇𝑏𝑐=α𝑇 were presented. To check the physical adequacy of this model, graphs were constructed that reflected changes in the relative stress of the external load at a critical state at the stress concentrator apex. The inevitability of bifurcation as a result of the studied processes was validated. Two directions of further development of events were indicated: brittle destruction and loss of stability of the stressed state with the transition to an increase in plastic deformations. The moment of bifurcation was defined as a critical state in the focus of the concentrator.Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis and calculations performed within the framework of the presented scientific work enabled, in particular, to draw conclusions about the role of key factors of the processes under study. It was established, for example, that the operation of a steel alloy at a high theoretical stress concentration factor depended on the characteristics of the stress state. In a rigid state, it was possible to inhibit shear deformation and the onset of the limiting state at a lower value of the theoretical stress concentration factor. With the usual strength of steel (in comparison to high), a greater impact of the volume of the stress state on the value of the theoretical stress concentration factor was recorded. The probability of failure depended on the resistance of the material to the growth of a macrocrack. In future research, it is possible to refine analytical models and results, evaluate effective stress concentration factors.

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4

Sherrod, Michael J. "Empirically optimized “transition state models”." Tetrahedron Letters 31, no. 35 (1990): 5085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)97812-2.

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5

Jong, Piet. "STATE TRANSITION SPECIFICATION IN STATE-SPACE MODELS." Journal of Time Series Analysis 7, no. 3 (1986): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9892.1986.tb00504.x.

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6

Bascal, H. A., K. J. Jordan, and R. H. Lipson. "Ion-pair state spectroscopy of HgCl." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 10 (1993): 1615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-201.

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Fluorescence excitation spectra of HgCl produced and cooled in a corona-excited supersonic jet discharge are presented. The dominant feature between ≈ 368 and 267 nm is an extensive vibrationally and isotopically resolved band system which is assigned to the B2Σ+(ν′) ← X2Σ+(ν″ = 0, 1, and 2) valence-to-ion-pair state transition of the radical. Transition wavenumbers for vibrational bands with 75 ≥ ν′ ≥ 21 and 2 ≥ ν″ ≥ 0 were measured, and B-state Dunham parameters were derived which are valid between 75 ≥ ν′ ≥ 0. The equilibrium bondlength for the B-state was determined to be 2.960(2) Å by Franck–Condon calculations. B–X Franck–Condon factors are tabulated which are expected to help in the interpretation of HgCl2 photodissociation and HgCl laser spectra.

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7

Campbell, JD, DK Blough, and SD Sullivan. "PAA22 STATE TRANSITION MODELS FOR ESTIMATING TRANSITION PROBABILITIES IN MARKOV MODELS." Value in Health 10, no. 6 (2007): A404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1098-3015(10)65414-9.

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8

Iosif, Panagiotis, and Nikolaos Stergioulas. "Models of binary neutron star remnants with tabulated equations of state." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, no. 2 (2021): 2948–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3565.

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ABSTRACT The emergence of novel differential rotation laws that can reproduce the rotational profile of binary neutron star merger remnants has opened the way for the construction of equilibrium models with properties that resemble those of remnants in numerical simulations. We construct models of merger remnants, using a recently introduced 4-parameter differential rotation law and three tabulated, zero-temperature equations of state. The models have angular momenta that are determined by empirical relations, constructed through numerical simulations. After a systematic exploration of the parameter space of merger remnant equilibrium sequences, which includes the determination of turning points along constant angular momentum sequences, we find that a particular rotation law can reproduce the threshold mass to prompt collapse to a black hole with a relative difference of only $\sim 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ with respect to numerical simulations, in all cases considered. Furthermore, our results indicate a possible correlation between the compactness of equilibrium models of remnants at the threshold mass and the compactness of maximum-mass non-rotating models. Another key prediction of binary neutron star merger simulations is a relatively slowly rotating inner region, where the angular velocity Ω (as measured by an observer at infinity) is mostly due to the frame dragging angular velocity ω. In our investigation of the parameter space of the adopted differential rotation law, we naturally find quasi-spherical (Type A) remnant models with this property. Our investigation clarifies the impact of the differential rotation law and of the equation of state on key properties of binary neutron star remnants and lays the groundwork for including thermal effects in future studies.

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9

Phillips, Jonathan D., and Chris Van Dyke. "State-and-transition models in geomorphology." CATENA 153 (June 2017): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.02.009.

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10

Dueker, Michael J., Zacharias Psaradakis, Martin Sola, and Fabio Spagnolo. "State-Dependent Threshold Smooth Transition Autoregressive Models*." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 75, no. 6 (2012): 835–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.2012.00719.x.

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11

Chhatwal, Jagpreet, Suren Jayasuriya, and Elamin H. Elbasha. "Changing Cycle Lengths in State-Transition Models." Medical Decision Making 36, no. 8 (2016): 952–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x16656165.

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12

Ćwiklak, Janusz. "Numerical Simulations of Bird Strikes with the Use of Various Equations of State." Journal of KONBiN 50, no. 3 (2020): 333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2020-0065.

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AbstractThe paper presents results of numerical analyses of the collision of various bird models (dummies) with a helicopter windshield. Three different numerical bird models were elaborated. According to the subject literature, applying an appropriate equation of state has an influence on impact parameters. The author used the LS_DYNA software package. This is a computational code designed to analyse fast-changing phenomena by means of the finite-element method. SPH method has been used for bird strike simulations. In the research, three different equations of state have been used: Grüneisen's, polynomial and tabulated.

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13

Bestelmeyer, Brandon T., Kendra Moseley, Pat L. Shaver, Homer Sanchez, David D. Briske, and Maria E. Fernandez-Gimenez. "Practical Guidance for Developing State-and-Transition Models." Rangelands 32, no. 6 (2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/rangelands-d-10-00077.1.

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14

Steele, Caitriana M., Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Laura M. Burkett, Philip L. Smith, and Steven Yanoff. "Spatially Explicit Representation of State-and-Transition Models." Rangeland Ecology & Management 65, no. 3 (2012): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-11-00047.1.

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15

Akama, Kiyoshi, and Ekawit Nantajeewarawat. "State-Transition Computation Models and Program Correctness Thereon." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 10 (2007): 1250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p1250.

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The common framework for formalizing state-transition computation models we present is based on a general theory for studying the interrelationship of specifications, programs, computation, and program correctness. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for program correctness for this class of computation models and demonstrate framework application by formalizing, as its instances, two concrete examples of state-transition computation models – NAT and D-rule. We compare their correct-program spaces by introducing the embedding mapping concept.

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16

Eurenius, Kirsten P., and K. N. Houk. "Rational vs Random Parameters in Transition State Modeling: MM2 Transition State Models for Intramolecular Hydride Transfers." Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 22 (1994): 9943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00101a016.

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17

HELLUY, P., and H. MATHIS. "PRESSURE LAWS AND FAST LEGENDRE TRANSFORM." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 21, no. 04 (2011): 745–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202511005209.

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In this paper we investigate algorithms based on the Fast Legendre Transform (FLT) in order to compute tabulated Equation Of State (EOS) for fluids with phase transition. The equation of state of a binary mixture is given by an energy minimization principle. According to the miscible or immiscible nature of the mixture, the energy of the system is either a convex envelope or an inf-convolution of the energies of the two phases. Because these operations are closely linked to Legendre transform, it is possible to construct fast algorithms that compute efficiently these operations. In addition, it appears that the natural mathematical tool for studying mixture thermodynamics in the Legendre space is the max-plus algebra theory.

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18

Titman, Andrew C. "Transition probability estimates for non-Markov multi-state models." Biometrics 71, no. 4 (2015): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.12349.

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19

Iskandar, R. "PNS46 POISSON REPRESENTATION OF MARKOV COHORT STATE-TRANSITION MODELS." Value in Health 22 (November 2019): S770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2019.09.1948.

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20

Nord, R. S., and J. W. Evans. "Inequivalent models of irreversible dimer filling: ‘‘Transition state’’ dependence." Journal of Chemical Physics 93, no. 11 (1990): 8397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459273.

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21

Nicholson, Ann E., and M. Julia Flores. "Combining state and transition models with dynamic Bayesian networks." Ecological Modelling 222, no. 3 (2011): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.010.

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22

Vaseghi, S. V. "Hidden Markov models with duration-dependent state transition probabilities." Electronics Letters 27, no. 8 (1991): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910392.

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23

Lee, Soo-Y., W. Thomas Pollard, and Richard A. Mathies. "Quasi-classical models of transition state absorption or emission." Chemical Physics Letters 163, no. 1 (1989): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(89)80003-x.

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24

Ozkan, S. Banu, Ken A. Dill, and Ivet Bahar. "Computing the transition state populations in simple protein models." Biopolymers 68, no. 1 (2002): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.10280.

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25

Spitoni, Cristian, Violette Lammens, and Hein Putter. "Prediction errors for state occupation and transition probabilities in multi-state models." Biometrical Journal 60, no. 1 (2017): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201600191.

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26

Thomas, Colin, Maximilien Cosme, Cédric Gaucherel, and Franck Pommereau. "Model-checking ecological state-transition graphs." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 6 (2022): e1009657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009657.

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Model-checking is a methodology developed in computer science to automatically assess the dynamics of discrete systems, by checking if a system modelled as a state-transition graph satisfies a dynamical property written as a temporal logic formula. The dynamics of ecosystems have been drawn as state-transition graphs for more than a century, ranging from state-and-transition models to assembly graphs. Model-checking can provide insights into both empirical data and theoretical models, as long as they sum up into state-transition graphs. While model-checking proved to be a valuable tool in systems biology, it remains largely underused in ecology apart from precursory applications. This article proposes to address this situation, through an inventory of existing ecological STGs and an accessible presentation of the model-checking methodology. This overview is illustrated by the application of model-checking to assess the dynamics of a vegetation pathways model. We select management scenarios by model-checking Computation Tree Logic formulas representing management goals and built from a proposed catalogue of patterns. In discussion, we sketch bridges between existing studies in ecology and available model-checking frameworks. In addition to the automated analysis of ecological state-transition graphs, we believe that defining ecological concepts with temporal logics could help clarify and compare them.

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27

Srivastava, Tushar, Nicholas R. Latimer, and Paul Tappenden. "Estimation of Transition Probabilities for State-Transition Models: A Review of NICE Appraisals." PharmacoEconomics 39, no. 8 (2021): 869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40273-021-01034-5.

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28

Srivastava, T. "HTA71 Transition Probabilities in State-Transition Models: A Synopsis of HTA Guidelines Worldwide." Value in Health 26, no. 6 (2023): S272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.1500.

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Srivastava, T., N. R. Latimer, and P. Tappenden. "PMU78 Estimation of Transition Probabilities for State-Transition Models: A Review of NICE Appraisals." Value in Health 23 (December 2020): S615—S616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.1290.

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30

Федасюк, Д. В., та С. Б. Волочій. "СТРУКТУРНО-АВТОМАТНА МОДЕЛЬ ВІДМОВОСТІЙКИХ СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДУ ФАЗ ЕРЛАНГА". Radioelectronic and Computer Systems, № 3 (13 вересня 2019): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2016.3.10.

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There is a known approach of developing models of reliability of fault-tolerant radioelectronic systems as dyscrete-continuous stochastic markov systems. For that approach, there is an important problem of improving models by considering realistic distribution of durations of procedures and time intervals between events in the process. For developing state-transition models with hundreds or thousands of states, this problem becomes significant. Moreover, this problem becomes critical for reliability synthesis when it’s necessary to develop tens of state-transition models. This problem can be solved by using the approach, based on so-called “structural-automaton model”. This approach improves the analytical modeling techniques by automating the process of state-transition models development. This article describes an improvement of the process of structural-automaton model development. Presented improvement allows to automate the usage of Erlang distribution for developing the state-transition model of the statistical representation of the process of fault-tolerant systems exploitation.

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31

Zweig, C. L., and W. M. Kitchens. "Multi-state succession in wetlands: a novel use of state and transition models." Ecology 90, no. 7 (2009): 1900–1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-1392.1.

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32

Kabudian, Jahanshah, Mohammad Mehdi Homayounpour, and Seyed Mohammad Ahadi. "Bernoulli versus Markov: Investigation of state transition regime in switching-state acoustic models." Signal Processing 89, no. 4 (2009): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.09.004.

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33

Holmes, Aaron L., and Richard F. Miller. "State-and-Transition Models for Assessing Grasshopper Sparrow Habitat Use." Journal of Wildlife Management 74, no. 8 (2010): 1834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2009-417.

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34

Allen-Diaz, Barbara, and James W. Bartolome. "SAGEBRUSH–GRASS VEGETATION DYNAMICS: COMPARING CLASSICAL AND STATE-TRANSITION MODELS." Ecological Applications 8, no. 3 (1998): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0795:sgvdcc]2.0.co;2.

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Allen-Diaz, Barbara, and James W. Bartolome. "Sagebrush-Grass Vegetation Dynamics: Comparing Classical and State-Transition Models." Ecological Applications 8, no. 3 (1998): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2641267.

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36

Bestelmeyer, Brandon T., Joel R. Brown, Kris M. Havstad, Robert Alexander, George Chavez, and Jeffrey E. Herrick. "Development and Use of State-and-Transition Models for Rangelands." Journal of Range Management 56, no. 2 (2003): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4003894.

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37

Kozierski, Piotr, Marcin Lis, and Dariusz Horla. "Wrong transition and measurement models in power system state estimation." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 3 (2016): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0040.

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Abstract The influence of wrong information about transition and measurement models on estimation quality has been presented in the paper. Two methods of a particle filter, with and without the Population Monte Carlo modification, and also the extended and unscented Kalman filters methods have been compared. A small 5-bus power system has been used in simulations, which have been performed based on one data set, and this data set has been chosen from among 100 different - to draw the most general conclusions. Based on the obtained results it has been found that for the particle filter methods the implementation of the slightly higher standard deviation than the true value, usually increases the estimation quality. For the Kalman filters methods it has been concluded that optimal values of variances are equal to the true values.

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38

Romero-Ugalde, Hector M., Virginie Le Rolle, Jean-Luc Bonnet, et al. "Closed-Loop Vagus Nerve Stimulation Based on State Transition Models." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 65, no. 7 (2018): 1630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2017.2759667.

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39

Briske, D. D., B. T. Bestelmeyer, T. K. Stringham, and P. L. Shaver. "Recommendations for Development of Resilience-Based State-and-Transition Models." Rangeland Ecology & Management 61, no. 4 (2008): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/07-051.1.

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40

Knapp, Corrine Noel, and Maria E. Fernandez-Gimenez. "Understanding Change: Integrating Rancher Knowledge Into State-and-Transition Models." Rangeland Ecology & Management 62, no. 6 (2009): 510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/08-176.1.

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41

Phillips, Jonathan D. "Predicting modes of spatial change from state-and-transition models." Ecological Modelling 222, no. 3 (2011): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.11.018.

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42

Bond, Nick R., Nicola Grigg, Jane Roberts, et al. "Assessment of environmental flow scenarios using state-and-transition models." Freshwater Biology 63, no. 8 (2018): 804–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13060.

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43

Krahn, Murray D., Karen E. Bremner, Brandon Zagorski, et al. "Health Care Costs for State Transition Models in Prostate Cancer." Medical Decision Making 34, no. 3 (2013): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x13493970.

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44

Lennartson, Bengt, Francesco Basile, Sajed Miremadi, et al. "Supervisory Control for State-Vector Transition Models—A Unified Approach." IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (2014): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tase.2013.2291115.

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45

Gorun, S. M. "Transition state models for native and metal substituted zinc enzymes." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 36, no. 3-4 (1989): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(89)84463-0.

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46

Spalburg, M. R., J. Los, and A. Z. Devdariani. "On the validity of simple two-state electronic transition models." Chemical Physics 103, no. 2-3 (1986): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(86)80025-8.

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47

Wang, Shao-Hua, Chao Zhang, and Yangming Wang. "microRNA regulation of pluripotent state transition." Essays in Biochemistry 64, no. 6 (2020): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20200028.

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Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and early embryo development. The exact mechanism by which miRNAs regulate cell fate transition during embryo development is still not clear. Recent studies have identified and captured various pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that share similar characteristics with cells from different stages of pre- and post-implantation embryos. These PSCs provide valuable models to understand miRNA functions in early mammalian development. In this short review, we will summarize recent work towards understanding the function and mechanism of miRNAs in regulating the transition or conversion between different pluripotent states. In addition, we will highlight unresolved questions and key future directions related to miRNAs in pluripotent state transition. Studies in these areas will further our understanding of miRNA functions in early embryo development, and may lead to practical means to control human PSCs for clinical applications in regenerative medicine.

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48

Ostojic, Sinisa. "Models of restructuring banking systems in economies in transition." Privredna izgradnja 45, no. 3-4 (2002): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0203201o.

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In view of the still underdeveloped capital market in Central and Eastern Europe, modernizing enterprises particularly depends on a functioning banking sector. Due to the interdependence enterprises and banks the insolvency of individual enterprises set off chain reactions which resulted in the collapse of banks and shook the banking systems in some countries. Commercial banks were particularly susceptible to these developments since the ratio between their own fluids and enough experience in reorganizing enterprises nor business perspectives for the enterprises depending on them. In the past years the individual states have made different degrees of progress in reorganizing their commercial banks. Two policy patterns become manifest: Estonia very consistently closed insolvent banks and opened markets for foreign banks and newly developing private banks. Thus the Estonia state considerably reduced its own share in the banks. Latvia also tried to increase its banks orientation towards profitability by opening the market and reducing state shares. The other countries, by contrast, primarily improved capital endowment of the existing banks. Between 1992 and 1995 Polish, Hungarian and Slovene governments realized extensive recapitalisation. While Poland increased the registered capital of important commercial banks, the Slovene and the Hungarian governments also bought nonperforming loans from the banks for state bonds. Hungary then increased the registered capital of the big state-owned banks. In 1994. and 1995. respectively partial recapitalisation took place in Bulgaria and the Czech Republic. Neither Latvia nor Bulgaria nor Lithuania have until now succeeded in stabilizing their banking systems. In the Czech Republic which similar to Estonia opened the market, leading to the emergence of about 60 banks, the central bank has hitherto intervened in 12 banks facing liquidity problems or insolvency. In the Slovak Republic a far-reaching consolidation of banks is also still due. The governments in Bulgaria and Lithuania presently intend to increase the banks capital by state bonds, while the Latvian central bank refrained from direct intervention after the collapse of Banks Baltija and only intensified control of the banks activities.

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49

Nilar, Shahul H., Ajit J. Thakkar, Anne E. Kondo, and William J. Meath. "Electronic energies, dipole moment matrix elements, and static polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities for some diphenyl molecules." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 10 (1993): 1663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-207.

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The "giant dipole" molecules, NR1R2—C6H4—(C≡C)n—C6H4—NO2n = 0, 1, 2, are studied theoretically for three sets of substituents: R1 = R2 = H, R1 = H, R2 = CH3, and R1 = R2 = CH3. For each of these nine molecules, the energies, and permanent and transition dipole moments for the 20 lowest electronic states are calculated using the intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) approximation at the configuration interaction with single excitations (CIS) level. Static polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities for the ground states are reported for these "push–pull" molecules. The changes in the physical properties of interest due to increase in conjugation length and the inductive effect of substituents on the donor group attached to the rings are discussed. The energies and permanent and transition dipole moments for the ten lowest electronic states are tabulated for use in future studies of the spectral and dynamical effects of permanent dipoie moments on laser-induced one- and multi-photon electronic transitions in realistic models for many-level giant dipole molecules.

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50

Neoh, Beng Eik, Kai An Sim, Lay Guat Chan, and Chee Kit Ho. "Transition Intensities for Critical Illness: A Study on Canadian Health Data." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 19, no. 2 (2023): 236–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v19n2.2848.

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Multiple state model is a mathematical model which is characterised by two important elements, transition intensity and transition probability. Critical illness has increased rapidly which is alarmed by the healthcare experts, and becoming an important concern in society. In this paper, by using the Canadian health data, we provide an estimation of transition intensities from the healthy state to the critical illness state with the application of prevalence rate. We provide a discrete calculation of transition intensities with some mathematical formula discussed by some previous studies. Next, we assume that the transition intensities of critical illnesses and death due to other causes are modelled by Gompertz and Makeham mortality models. We also compare and estimate the transition intensities of critical illnesses and dead due to other causes between these two models using a model selection method. We observe the sensitivity of the Gompertz and Makeham models with the different values of extra mortality . Lastly, we obtain and present the numerical results of the transition intensities of healthy lives to critical illness with the Canadian health data.

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