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Journal articles on the topic 'Tacine'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Svobodova, Barbora, Zuzana Moravcova, Anna Misiachna, et al. "Novel Tacrine-Based Multi-Target Directed Ligands: Enhancing Cholinesterase Inhibition, NMDA Receptor Antagonism, and CNS Bioavailability for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2025, no. 292 (2025): 117678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117678.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder for which current treatments provide only symptomatic relief, primarily through cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition and <em>N</em>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonism. To improve therapeutic efficacy and safety, we designed and synthesized 16 novel tacrine derivatives modified at position 7 with various (hetero)aryl groups or deuterium substitution. Initially, <em>in silico</em> screening predicted favorable CNS permeability and oral bioavailability. Subsequent <em>in vitro</em> evaluati

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2

Ros, Esteve, Jordi Aleu, Inmaculada Gomez De Aranda, et al. "Effects of Bis(7)-Tacrine on Spontaneous Synaptic Activity and on the Nicotinic ACh Receptor of Torpedo Electric Organ." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 1 (2001): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.1.183.

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Bis(7)-tacrine is a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in which two tacrine molecules are linked by a heptylene chain. We tested the effects of bis(7)-tacrine on the spontaneous synaptic activity. Miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) were recorded extracellularly on slices of electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. Bis(7)-tacrine, at a concentration of 100 nM, increased the magnitudes that describe MEPPs: amplitude, area, rise time, rate of rise, and half-width. We also tested the effect of bis(7)-tacrine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by analyzing the currents elicited by acetylcholine

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3

Wang, Chi, Xin Chen, and Peng-Yan Xie. "Electroacupuncture at PC6 or ST36 Influences the Effect of Tacrine on the Motility of Esophagus." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/263489.

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Aim.To investigate the mechanisms of gastrointestinal side effects of tacrine, and find treatment methods with electroacupuncture (EA).Methods. Twenty-five healthy cats were randomly divided into 5 groups: gastric-distention group (model group), tacrine group (cholinesterase inhibitor), tacrine + sham acupoint group (control group), tacrine + PC6 (neiguan) group, and tacrine + ST36 (zusanli) group, with 5 cats in each group. Saline 2 mL i.p. was given 30 min before gastric distention in model group. Tacrine 5.6 mg/kg i.p. was given 30 minutes before gastric distention in the other groups. Tacr

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4

Alavala, Rajasekhar Reddy, Prathusha Katahala, Ganapathi Thipparapu, Umasankar Kulandaivelu, Shireesha Boyapati, and Bhagavan Raju Mantripragada. "STUDY OF IN VIVO PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG INTERACTIONS OF CURCUMIN ON TACRINE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 9 (2018): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.26831.

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Objective: Tacrine is a potent acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (AChEI), and curcumin has been recently proven to possess AChEI, amyloid β aggregation inhibitory activity in addition to its diverse pharmacodynamic nature. Tacrine undergoes biological transformation by cytochrome P450 (CYP 1A2) to a hydroxy metabolite, which is hepatotoxic. Curcumin is known for its inhibitory nature for various metabolic enzymes along with CYP1A2. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of curcumin on the disposition kinetics of tacrine and to assess its impact on dosage regimen.Methods: It

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5

Bures, Jan, Martin Novak, Vera Radochova, et al. "The Effect of Tacrine on Functional Response of the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter Assessed by Endoscopic Luminal Impedance Planimetry in Experimental Pigs." Pharmaceuticals 17, no. 12 (2024): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17121588.

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Background/Objectives: Tacrine is a centrally active non-competitive reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It also exerts antagonising activity against N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Tacrine was approved for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in 1993, but was withdrawn from clinical use in 2013 because of its hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal side effects. Nevertheless, tacrine is currently facing a renewed wave of interest primarily due to several new tacrine-incorporated hybrids and derivates. There were two specific aims for this study: firstly, to explain the mechanisms of the ad

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6

Prince, Richard J., Richard A. Pennington, and Steven M. Sine. "Mechanism of Tacrine Block at Adult Human Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors." Journal of General Physiology 120, no. 3 (2002): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028583.

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We used single-channel kinetic analysis to study the inhibitory effects of tacrine on human adult nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells. Single channel recording from cell-attached patches revealed concentration- and voltage-dependent decreases in mean channel open probability produced by tacrine (IC50 4.6 μM at −70 mV, 1.6 μM at −150 mV). Two main effects of tacrine were apparent in the open- and closed-time distributions. First, the mean channel open time decreased with increasing tacrine concentration in a voltage-dependent manner, strongly suggesting that tacr

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7

Kaddoumi, Amal, and Loqman A. Mohamed. "Tacrine Sinusoidal Uptake and Biliary Excretion in Sandwich-Cultured Primary Rat Hepatocytes." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 3 (2014): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3801t.

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PURPOSE. The knowledge of hepatic disposition kinetics of tacrine, a first cholinesterase inhibitor was approved by FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), would help to understand its hepatotoxicity, its therapeutic effect, and improve the management of patients with AD. The current study aims to characterize tacrine hepatic transport kinetics and study the role of organic cation transporters (OCTs), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP2) in tacrine sinusoidal uptake and biliary excretion. METHODS. Modulation of tacrine hepatic uptake and efflux, b

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8

Kanakagiri, Divakar, and Ananda Kumar Chettupalli. "Development of a Transdermal Delivery System for Tacrine." South Asian Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 1 (2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjps.2022.v04i01.002.

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Tacrine has several mechanisms of action. The putative primary mechanism of action of tacrine for Alzheimer's disease is reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which thus slows the breakdown of the chemical messenger acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain. Tacrine also inhibits butyrylcholinesterase activity. In accumulation, tacrine blocks sodium and potassium channels. Tacrine also acts as a histamine N-methyltransferase inhibitor. This study was carried out to develop matrix based transdermal patches containing Tacrine to overcome the first pass metabolism and to reduce frequency o

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9

Kristev, Athanas, Vladimir Sirakov, Valentin Turiiski, Damianka Getova, and Kichka Velkova. "Comparative X-Ray study of galantamine and tacrine on the evacuatory function of rat gastrointestinal tract." Open Medicine 3, no. 1 (2008): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-007-0061-z.

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AbstractA The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors galantamine and tacrine are used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. However, these compounds also affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we compared and analyzed both the effects of galantamine-and tacrine on the evacuatory kinetics of the GI tract in rats. Rats were untreated (n=15) or treated with galantamine (one daily dose of 1 mg/kg per os for 21 days; n=17) or tacrine (one daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg per os for 21 days; n=13) and evacuatory kinetics were assessed using radiological methods. Galantamine initially slowed and then accelerated evac

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10

Kurta, Serhii, Olga Khatsevich, Irina Solonitskaya, Nataliia Basiurkina, Nadiia Boyko, and Liudmyla Horzov. "BIOPOLYMER FOOD COMPOSITIONS BASED ON CARAMELIZED HONEY, WAX AND PROPOLIS FOR PREVENTION OF PERIODONTOSIS." Scientific Works 2, no. 85 (2021): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/swonaft.v2i85.2158.

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For the first time, the processes occurring during caramelization of honey are studied and the biochemical properties of the obtained substances are studied. Infrared spectra, humidity and viscosity were analyzed, the size and size distribution of nanoparticles, elemental composition, oxymethylfurfural content and diastase number of caramelized honey were studied. As a result of research, the difference between the sizes of nanoparticles of natural and caramelized honey was established: caramelized honey is characterized by much smaller (1.5–2.0 times) particle sizes than for natural bee honey

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11

Koźmiński, Przemysław, and Ewa Gniazdowska. "Design, Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Study of Radiotracers Based on Tacrine and Its Derivatives for Study on Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Early Diagnosis." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (2024): 2827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14072827.

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From 1993 to 2013, tacrine was an approved drug for Alzheimer’s disease. Due to its strong inhibitory properties towards cholinesterase, tacrine causes an increase in the level of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cholinergic system of the central nervous system. This work presents a review of articles in which tacrine or its derivatives labeled with the radionuclides 3H, 11C, 14C, 123I, 99mTc and 68Ga were used as vectors in radiotracers dedicated to the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. The possibility of clinical applications of the obtained radiopreparations was assessed by analyzi

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12

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 690 (1998): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199806900-00030.

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13

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 692 (1998): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199806920-00035.

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14

&NA;. "Tacrine." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1171 (1999): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199911710-00036.

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15

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 594 (1996): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199605940-00044.

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16

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 602 (1996): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199606020-00036.

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17

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 604 (1996): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199606040-00040.

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18

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 430 (1992): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204300-00062.

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19

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 465 (1993): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199304650-00048.

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20

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 630 (1996): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199606300-00033.

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21

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 418 (1992): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199204180-00047.

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22

Wagstaff, Antona J., and Donna McTavish. "Tacrine." Drugs & Aging 4, no. 6 (1994): 510–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199404060-00006.

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23

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 311 (1990): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003110-00039.

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24

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 316 (1990): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199003160-00069.

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25

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 359 (1991): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103590-00041.

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26

&NA;. "Tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 497 (1994): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199404970-00051.

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27

Blackard, William G., Gagan K. Sood, D. Ralph Crowe, and Michael B. Fallon. "Tacrine." Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 26, no. 1 (1998): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199801000-00015.

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28

&NA;. "Tacrine." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 794 (1991): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199107940-00056.

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29

Davis, K. L., and Peter Powchick. "Tacrine." Lancet 345, no. 8950 (1995): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90526-x.

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30

Chrispin, Pamela. "Tacrine." Lancet 345, no. 8959 (1995): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92036-6.

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31

Konkoľová, Eva, Monika Hudáčová, Slávka Hamuľaková, et al. "Tacrine-Coumarin Derivatives as Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Antitumor Effects on A549 Human Lung Carcinoma Cancer Cell Lines." Molecules 26, no. 4 (2021): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041133.

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A549 human lung carcinoma cell lines were treated with a series of new drugs with both tacrine and coumarin pharmacophores (derivatives 1a–2c) in order to test the compounds’ ability to inhibit both cancer cell growth and topoisomerase I and II activity. The ability of human topoisomerase I (hTOPI) and II to relax supercoiled plasmid DNA in the presence of various concentrations of the tacrine-coumarin hybrid molecules was studied with agarose gel electrophoresis. The biological activities of the derivatives were studied using MTT assays, clonogenic assays, cell cycle analysis and quantificati

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32

Silva, Sara, Cláudia Alves, Diana Duarte, et al. "Model Amphipathic Peptide Coupled with Tacrine to Improve Its Antiproliferative Activity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010242.

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Drug repurposing and drug combination are two strategies that have been widely used to overcome the traditional development of new anticancer drugs. Several FDA-approved drugs for other indications have been tested and have demonstrated beneficial anticancer effects. In this connection, our research group recently reported that Tacrine, used to treat Alzheimer’s Disease, inhibits the growth of breast cancer MCF-7 cells both alone and in combination with a reference drug. In this view, we have now coupled Tacrine with the model amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) MAP, to ascertain whethe

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33

Krustev, Atanas D., Mariana D. Argirova, Damianka P. Getova, Valentin I. Turiiski, and Natalia A. Prissadova. "Calcium-independent tacrine-induced relaxation of rat gastric corpus smooth muscles." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 84, no. 11 (2006): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y06-059.

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Tacrine, a non-competitive reversible acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholineserase inhibitor, caused a concentration-dependent tonic contraction of gastric smooth muscle preparations in the concentration range 1 × 10−7 mol/L – 1 × 10−5 mol/L, whereas concentrations higher than 2 × 10−5 mol/L induced a biphasic effect; a short-time contraction was followed by a prolonged relaxation. To shed some light on the mechanism underlying this untypical relaxation, the amplitude of mechanical reactions caused by tacrine were compared with those of tacrine in the presence of atropine, ipratropium, metrif

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34

Walker, TM, B. Starr, BB Dewhurst, and C. Atterwill. "Potential neurotoxicity of a novel aminoacridine analogue." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 6 (1995): 469–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400601.

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1 A class of compounds, 9-aminoacridines, have long been known to be reversible inhibitors of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE - EC 3.1.1.7), the most familiar of which is 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (Tacrine). 2 A novel aminoacridine was synthesised: - 2-tertiary butyl-9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (2tBuTHA). 3 In vitro comparisons of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential and neurotoxicity compared to Tacrine were performed using a chemically differentiated neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro 2A). 2tBuTHA, but not Tacrine, was cytotoxic to the neural cell following 20 h exposure, de

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35

Ramos, Eva, Alejandra Palomino-Antolín, Manuela Bartolini, et al. "QuinoxalineTacrine QT78, a Cholinesterase Inhibitor as a Potential Ligand for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy." Molecules 24, no. 8 (2019): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081503.

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We report the synthesis and relevant pharmacological properties of the quinoxalinetacrine (QT) hybrid QT78 in a project targeted to identify new non-hepatotoxic tacrine derivatives for Alzheimer’s disease therapy. We have found that QT78 is less toxic than tacrine at high concentrations (from 100 μM to 1 mM), less potent than tacrine as a ChE inhibitor, but shows selective BuChE inhibition (IC50 (hAChE) = 22.0 ± 1.3 μM; IC50 (hBuChE) = 6.79 ± 0.33 μM). Moreover, QT78 showed effective and strong neuroprotection against diverse toxic stimuli, such as rotenone plus oligomycin-A or okadaic acid, o

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36

Cicco, Luciana, Filippo Maria Perna, Vito Capriati, and Paola Vitale. "A Sustainable Synthetic Approach to Tacrine and Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Deep Eutectic Solvents under Aerobic Conditions." Molecules 29, no. 6 (2024): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061399.

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An enhanced, sustainable, and efficient method for synthesizing tacrine, achieving a 98% yield, has been developed by replacing volatile organic compounds with more eco-friendly solvents such as deep eutectic solvent (DESs). The optimized protocol scales easily to 3 g of substrate without yield loss and extends successfully to tacrine derivatives with reduced hepatotoxicity. Particularly notable is the synthesis of novel triazole-based derivatives, yielding 90–95%, by integrating an in situ preparation of aryl azides in DESs with N-propargyl-substituted tacrine derivatives. Quantitative metric

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37

Miodragovic, Djenana, Dragoljub Jovanovic, Goran Bogdanovic, Dragana Mitic, and Katarina Andjelkovic. "Synthesis and crystal structure of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine tetrachlorozincate(II) monohydrate." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 9 (2010): 1209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100302059m.

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In the reaction of ZnCl2 with tacrine hydrochloride in water novel tetracoordinated (C13H15N2)2[ZnCl4].H2O complex was obtained and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity and X-ray analysis. The complex crystallizes in the space group P-1 of the triclinic crystal system. The structure contains two crystallographically different molecules of protonated tacrine present as counter cations, the [ZnCl4]2- complex anion and one water solvent molecule. The counter cations slightly differ in the puckering of the cyclohexenyl ring. The molecules of protonated tacrine are involved in di

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38

Ahmadi, Abbas, Mehrdad Roghani, Sanaz Noori, and Babak Nahri-Niknafs. "Substituted Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives of Tacrine: Synthesis and Study on Learning and Memory Impairment in Scopolamine-Induced Model of Amnesia in Rat." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 1 (2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557518666180716122608.

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Background: Currently, there is no conclusive cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and existing treatments mainly offer symptomatic relief. Dysfunction of the cholinergic system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Tacrine (1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine, III) was the first approved agent for the palliative therapy of AD but its use is associated with some complications. Development of novel multi target derivatives of Tacrine with lower complications is strongly warranted. In this study, new aminobenzothiazole (1-5, with many useful biological and pharmacological properties)

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39

Prissadova, Natalia, Mariana Argirova, Athanas Krastev, Valentin Turiiski, and Rayna Ardasheva. "Participation of cAMP in tacrine-induced gastric smooth muscle relaxation." Open Life Sciences 6, no. 1 (2011): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0075-4.

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AbstractTacrine, a well-known acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, applied in concentrations higher than 2×10−5 mol/l promoted Ca2+-independent relaxation of rat gastric smooth muscles in experiments in vitro. The relaxation was not cholinergic and was a result of influence of tacrine over intracellular signaling pathways regulating smooth muscle contraction/relaxation. The nature of this untypical muscle relaxation was studied by using smooth muscle strips isolated from rat stomach. Their bioelectrical and mechanical responses were recorded after treatment with tacrine and different activators or

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40

Misik, Jan, Eugenie Nepovimova, Jaroslav Pejchal, Jiri Kassa, Jan Korabecny, and Ondrej Soukup. "Cholinesterase Inhibitor 6-Chlorotacrine - In Vivo Toxicological Profile and Behavioural Effects." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 6 (2018): 552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666171212105412.

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Background: 6-chlorotacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor showing good inhibitory potential, even better than parent compound tacrine, in vitro. Despite tacrine scaffold is broadly used for design and synthesis of novel compounds with anti-Alzheimer's potential, no in vivo effects have been investigated so far. Thus, basic toxicological and behavioural evaluation has been carried out throughout this study. Methods: Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and median lethal dose (LD50) were assessed in BALB/c mice and Wistar rats. Behavioural effects were observed in rats performing the multiple T-maze tes

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41

Amat-ur-Rasool, Hafsa, Mehboob Ahmed, Shahida Hasnain, and Wayne G. Carter. "Anti-Cholinesterase Combination Drug Therapy as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease." Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020184.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a burgeoning social and healthcare problem. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are employed for symptomatic treatment of AD, but often elicit adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Herein, the potency of the ChEIs, donepezil, tacrine, berberine, and galantamine to inhibit human or Torpedo californica acetylcholinesterase (tcAChE) proteins were evaluated. The efficacy of dual-drug combinations to inhibit human AChE directly and within differentiated neurons was also quantified. ChEI potency was in the order: donepezil > tacrine > berberine > galantamine for both AChE

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42

&NA;. "Haloperidol/tacrine." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 568 (1995): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199505680-00026.

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43

&NA;. "Tacrine interaction." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 607 (1996): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199606070-00035.

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44

Flauss, Jean-François. "L'élection tacite." Revue française de droit constitutionnel 61, no. 1 (2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfdc.061.0003.

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45

&NA;. "Tacrine interaction." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 627 (1996): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199606270-00035.

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46

Unni, Latha K. "Beyond Tacrine." CNS Drugs 10, no. 6 (1998): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210-199810060-00006.

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47

&NA;, &NA;. "TACRINE(COGNEX)." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 94, no. 3 (1994): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199403000-00040.

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48

Park, B. Kevin, Stephen Madden, Vanessa Spaldin, Thomas F. Woolf, and William F. Pool. "Tacrine Transaminitis." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 8, no. 2 (1994): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002093-199424000-00006.

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49

Rizwanuddin Ahmad, Syed. "Tacrine approved." Lancet 342, no. 8873 (1993): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91726-3.

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50

TRAN, MKG, and D. X. NGUYEN. "TACRINE BREAKTHROUGH." AIDS 8, Supplement 4 (1994): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199411004-00182.

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