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Kennedy, Hicks Dianne. "Tactile stimulation of the premature infant." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2144.
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A soft, light-weight, beige, stuffed toy was placed in direct body contact with stable, 30-34 wk gestation infants. Length of hospitalization, l activity level, length of time to return to birth weight, and parent visiting rate were recorded for the randomly assigned 10 experimental and 10 control infants. Contrary to predictions, significant differences were found in the length of hospitalization and weight gain, with the control group being discharged sooner and returning to birth weight faster. No significant differences occurred in the parent visiting rate, and only minimal positive results were seen in the activity level for the experimental group. The disproportionate number of younger, smaller, sicker infants in the experimental group was believed to be a reason for these unexpected results.
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Marx, Viola. "Fetal responsiveness to auditory and tactile stimulation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c3a21d95-627d-4f82-be92-d6dc9c3837b9.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine fetal behavioural responses to auditory and tactile stimulation. Responses were examined for the second- and third-trimester fetuses (second-trimester ≤ 27 gestational weeks (wGA), third- trimester >27 wGA), in both experiments, respectively. Experiment 1 of this thesis examined fetal behavioural responses to the mother’s recorded and live voice, contrasting findings to an environmental sound and silent control conditions. Behavioural responses of 30 fetuses trimester (20-33 wGA, N = 13 in the 2nd and N = 17 in the 3rd trimester) Were examined in the following conditions were explored: (1) mother’s live, (2) and recorded voice, (3) an environmental sound, and (4) a silent control condition. Findings showed the strongest responses to maternal sounds as well as differential responses between gestational age groups. Younger fetuses displayed an arousal response to maternal voice, whereas third-trimester fetuses displayed an orientating response. The aim of Experiment 2 was to examine whether fetuses can differentiate between different human sources of tactile stimulation of the maternal abdomen. Behavioural responses of 28 fetuses (20-33 wGA, N = 15 in the 2nd and N = 13 in the 3rd trimester) were examined across four conditions: (1) mother’s, (2) father’s, and (3) stranger’s touch, as well as a (4) silent control condition. Differential responses to the tactile stimulation were found, especially in reaching of the uterine wall, and self- touch across the four conditions. Third- trimester fetuses touched the uterus wall for significantly longer than fetuses in the second-trimester. The strongest responses were found to the mother’s touch. Further differential responses were found between age groups, with third-trimester fetuses clearly differentiating between different sources of tactile stimulation, while second-trimester fetuses hardly showed differentiated responses. It is suggested that maturational differences in both experiments are due to the fetal development of the central nervous system, and might indicate the emergence of a proprioceptive self-awareness by the 3rd trimester.
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Bolognesi, Marcela Cesar. "Effect of tactile stimulation in a territorial fish /." São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150042.
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Orientador: Eliane Gonçalves de FreitasBanca:
Resumo: Peixes que apresentam relações de cooperação respondem a estimulação táctil (como massagens) reduzindo o estresse em uma interação entre cliente-limpador. Neste trabalho, nós testamos o efeito da estimulação táctil sobre a resposta ao estresse em um peixe territorial, a tilápia-do-nilo. Nós desenvolvemos um aparato formado de hastes verticais com cerdas de silicone nas laterais, que foi posicionado no meio do aquário, formando uma fileira de hastes. O peixe precisava passar pelas cerdas para acessar a comida (posicionada no lado oposto que o peixe se encontrava no aquário), recebendo assim a estimulação táctil. O estimulador foi eficiente, pois os peixes passaram espontaneamente pelo aparato na ausência de comida. Peixes isolados foram submetidos à estimulação táctil durante 7 dias e, em seguida, destinados a um dos dois tipos de estressor: não social (confinamento) e social (interação agressiva). Cada tratamento teve um controle sem o estimulador táctil. Após serem estressados os peixes aumentaram o número de atravessamentos pelas cerdas, que foi maior após o estresse social, sugerindo que eles buscaram pela estimulação táctil. Além disso, nós observamos que o número de iterações agressivas em duplas de machos diminuiu comparado ao controle. Entretanto, nós não observamos uma diminuição nos níveis de cortisol imediatamente após o estresse não social e social. Nós concluímos que a estimulação táctil aparentemente causa um efeito positivo no bem-estar de peixes territoriais...
Abstract: Cooperative fish respond to tactile stimulation (like massage) by reducing stress in a cleanerclient interaction. In this work, we tested the effect of tactile stimulation on the stress response of a territorial fish, Nile tilapia. We developed an apparatus formed by vertical sticks with silicone bristles in their sides, which was positioned in the middle of the aquarium, forming a row of sticks. Fish had to pass through bristled sticks to access food (placed in the opposite location of the fish in the aquarium), thus receiving tactile stimulation. The stimulator was efficient because fish pass through the apparatus spontaneously after trials, i.e. in the absence of feed. Isolated fish were submitted to the tactile stimulation during 7 days and afterwards they were assigned to one out of 2 types of stressors: non-social (confinement) and social stress (aggressive interaction). Each treatment had a control without the stimulator apparatus. After being stressed, fish increased the number of crosses in between the bristles, which was higher after social stress, suggesting fish sought for tactile stimulation. In addition, we observed that the number of aggressive interactions in male pairs decreased when compared to control. However, we did not observe a decrease in plasma cortisol levels immediately after stress either for social or non-social stress treatment. We conclude that tactile stimulation does not have an immediate effect on stress, but it reduces aggression in males of ...
Mestre
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Richards, Sonja. "An animal model of autism : remediation with tactile stimulation." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Neuroscience, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3126.
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This thesis examines both behavioral and anatomical effects of prenatal exposure of
Valproic Acid (VPA) on Long Evans rats. Tactile stimulation (TS) is then used to
investigate its’ effect on remediating any abnormalities VPA may produce. Several
behavioral tests were done to assess the behavioral effects of VPA and TS. It was found
that VPA had an effect of many of the tasks, whereas, TS had almost none with the
exception of an effect on females in the elevated plus maze. However, anatomical data
showed that TS had a profound effect on neuronal branch order, cell complexity, and
spine density in pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal
cortex and the amygdala. Where VPA decreased the above in all of these areas, TS
increased neuronal complexity in the aforementioned structures. This study demonstrates
that prenatal exposure to VPA is a viable model of autism in rats and that TS has
significant anatomical effects in these animals as well as in control animalsxi, 98 leaves; 29 cm
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Hayes, Julie Anne. "TAC-TIC : a non-pharmacological approach to the alleviation of neonatal pain." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339912.
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Intensive care IS a stressful environment and this thesis addresses the controversy as to whether tactile stimulation can mitigate the negative influences in ventilated preterms. There is an underlying assumption throughout the thesis that the pre term infant in intensive care experiences and is able to manifest physical and/or psychological pain. Preterms (n=75) were recruited with parental consent against strict entry criteria. A pre-test, post-test time series, counterbalanced design was used to evaluate the impact of an intervention to alleviate pain. The intervention [Touching and Caressing, Tender in Caring (T AC-TIC)] was compared with a control condition (spontaneous activity). Indicators of pain represented in the experiments were immunologic, physiological, and neurobehavioural. Data were analysed using parametric and non-parametric tests. The ontogeny of the secretory Immune system was investigated (n=70) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay for Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA). Ventilated preterms had significantly lower SIgA than infants requiring no mechanical ventilation. Breast milk fed preterms showed increased SIgA compared to other modes of nutrition. TACTIC increased SIgA in a subsample of ventilated preterms (n=35) with no changes following the control condition. Cardiovascular responses remained stable throughout T AC-TIC and spontaneous activity. No changes in gastric pH were observed in a sub-sample of 18 preterms. A neurobehavioural checklist was used to analyse videos for pain and comfort behaviours (n=29). Significantly more comfort behaviours were reported during T AC-TIC. Analysis of behavioural state indicated that more time was spent inactive sleep during than after TAC-TIC. No differences In state occurred between TAC-TIC and control condition. A ventilated subsample (n=25) of the original cohort was subjected to analysis at individual level for determination of congruence between simultaneously measured outcome variables. T AC-TIC produced increases more often in two or three variables. Pilot work has also been conducted addressing further controversies in tactile stimulation. The results are discussed within the theoretical frameworks of Gottlieb's hierarchical systems model, and Adamson-Macedo's Equilibrium model
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Kirschner, Frank Dana. "Tactile stimulation as a substitute for vision for the blind /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143146334.
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Biet, Mélisande. "Conception et contrôle d'actionneurs électro-actifs dédiés à la stimulation tactile." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Biet.pdf.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un périphérique tactile qui pourrait augmenter notre immersion dans un environnement virtuel en stimulant la pulpe du doigt. Ce dispositif s'inscrit dans le cadre des dispositifs haptiques. Ainsi, à partir d'une étude sur le rôle de la dynamique du toucher dans la perception de textures, nous avons proposé un dispositif tactile innovant permettant de simuler différentes textures fines. Dans cette thèse, fondamentalement pluridisciplinaire, nous avons d'abord déterminé les spécifications du cahier des charges pour obtenir un stimulateur tactile fonctionnel basé sur la génération d'un effet glissant. Après avoir identifié le phénomène responsable de cet effet glissant par vibration haute fréquence, nous avons réalisé le dimensionnement d'une plaque tactile capable de faire varier cet effet, c'est-à-dire de faire varier le coefficient de frottement perçu par l'utilisateur. Cette plaque est mise en vibration grâce à une matrice de céramiques piézoélectriques collées sur une ses faces. Ce dimensionnement a été validé par des simulations sur un logiciel d'éléments finis, puis la configuration retenue a été réalisée. Par la suite, le contrôle de la plaque vibrante nous a permis de moduler le coefficient de frottement perçu afin d'obtenir différents motifs. Dans une dernière partie, le périphérique a été évalué. Plusieurs textures crantées ont été testées afin de connaître les capacités des utilisateurs à différencier des périodes spatiales. Cette évaluation a permis de connaître les performances de ce stimulateur tactile et de comparer ses performances à celles d'une texture réelle.
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Roy, Charlotte. "Effet de la stimulation rythmique audio-tactile sur les mouvements de coordination." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONT4001/document.
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Notre capacité à intégrer des informations venant de nos différents sens est fondamentale pour produire et réguler les mouvements de notre corps. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’étudier les effets des déterminants de l’intégration multisensorielle sur nos comportements sensorimoteurs rythmiques. Les effets de l’intégration multisensorielle sur ce type de comportements sont peu connus car peu étudiés. Ces comportements caractérisent pourtant la majorité de nos activités quotidiennes comme marcher, écrire ou encore lors de la pratique d’activités sportives. Jusqu’à présent les processus multisensoriels ont été étudiés principalement dans le cadre de nos capacités de discrimination et de détection, révélant notamment la nécessaire synchronie temporelle entre les modalités pour leur intégration. Les conséquences de cette cohérence temporelle et des mécanismes associés n’ont jamais été testées sur les comportements sensorimoteurs rythmiques. Nous chercherons donc à généraliser leurs effets sur ces comportements. Par ailleurs, la littérature rapporte que les caractéristiques du mouvement modifient le traitement des informations sensorielles et semblent également influencer l’intégration multisensorielle. Nous testerons ainsi l’effet des caractéristiques de stabilité du système sensorimoteur, i.e. stabilité intrinsèque de la marche, sur l’intégration multisensorielle.Les deux contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes : (1) Les comportements rythmiques obéissent aux mêmes principes que les comportements de discrimination temporelle ou de détection. Nos résultats généralisent les effets de cohérence temporelle et montrent pour la première fois l’effet de bénéfice multisensoriel sur la marche. (2) Nous formulons une hypothèse novatrice de compensation sensorimotrice, qui souligne l’utilisation adaptée des informations multisensorielles par le système sensorimoteur. Ce dernier compense la diminution de stabilité intrinsèque de la marche par une plus grande et/ou meilleure utilisation des informations externes audio-tactilesOur ability to merge information coming from several senses is crucial to produce and regulate our body movements. The main objective of this thesis is to study the effects of multisensory integration factors on our sensorimotor rhythmic behaviours. The multisensory integration effects on these behaviours are not well understood, being seldom studied. However, those behaviours characterize most of our daily activities such as walking, writing or doing sports. So far, multisensory processes have essentially been studied with regard to our discrimination and detection skills, highlighting the necessity of a temporal synchrony between senses for their integration. The consequences of this temporal coherence and the associated mechanisms have never been tested on sensorimotor rhythmic behaviours. Thus, we will extend their effects to these behaviours. Besides, literature shows that the movements’ features modify the processing of sensory information and can influence multisensory integration. We will test the effects of the stability of the sensorimotor system, i.e. intrinsic stability of gait, on the multisensory integration.The two main contributions of the thesis are the following ones: (1) Rhythmic behaviours obey the same principles as temporal discrimination and detection behaviours. Our results generalize the effects of temporal coherence and show for the first time a multisensory benefit on gait. (2) We suggest a novel sensorimotor compensatory assumption, highlighting the adaptive use of multisensory information by the sensorimotor system, which compensates the decrease of the intrinsic stability of the gait with a larger and/or better use of external audio-tactile information
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Bochereau, Séréna. "Perception, recording and reproduction of physical invariants during bare fingertip exploration of tactile textures." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066065/document.
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Un nouveau dispositif tactile capable d'enregistrer et de reproduire des scènes tactiles à l'aide de forces tangentielles a été conçu et réalisé sur la base des limites et des exigences du système somatosensoriel humain. Les micro-déformations tangentielles du doigt coulissant sur la texture sont mesurées par le transducteur dans une bande passante de 500Hz et sont reproduites par le déplacement d'une plaque de verre sous l'action contrôlée d'un moteur électrodynamique critiquement amorti. Dans le but d'évaluer la pertinence des signaux sensoriels pour la reproduction d'une scène tactile, les grandeurs physiques qui influent sur la perception tactile humaine ont été étudiées. En utilisant une méthode d'escalier, il a été démontré que des ondelettes avec différentes combinaisons d'amplitude et de durée sont ressenties égales en intensité. Ces résultats suggèrent qu'il existe des quantités physiques communes - des invariants - pour ces signaux auques le cerveau est sensible, ce qui pourrait se rapporter à une constance perceptuelle dans l'exploration d'aspérités. En analysant les forces de frottement créées par un doigt glissant sur une surface dotées de points braille à des vitesses différents, il a été constaté que, bien que la réponse mécanique instantanée varie dans son ensemble, l'intégrale des forces tangentielles locales au cours d'une période de déformation courte reste constante. Ces enregistrements ont ensuite été classés selon leur vitesse et utilisés comme stimuli dans une tâche de comparaison. Les participants devaient glisser leur index sur une plateforme de verre qui vibrait afin de reproduire les points brailles de hauteurs différentes enregistrés à la mêmeA new tactile device able to record and reproduce tactile scenes using tangential forces was designed and realized based on the limits and requirements of our somatosensory system. The tangential micro-deformations of the finger sliding on a textured surface can be measured with 500 Hz-bandwidth and reproduced by vibrating a glass plate under the controlled action of a critically damped electrodynamic actuator. In an effort to identify what sensory cues are relevant to tactile sensations for the reproduction of a scene, the physical quantities that influence tactile perception were studied. Using a staircase method, it was demonstrated that tactile wavelets with different combinations of amplitude and duration could be felt perceptually equal in intensity. These results suggested that there are common physical quantities – invariants – for these signals that the brain is sensitive to, which could relate to a perceptual constancy in asperity exploration. By analyzing the friction forces of a finger exploring braille dots with different pressures and velocities profiles, we found that although the mechanical response at a highly localized stimulus varies as a whole, the integral of the local tangential forces during a short deformation period remained constant. These recordings were then categorized by velocity and used as stimuli in a comparison task in which participants explored virtual dots of different heights at different speeds. While sliding on a glass platform which vibrated tangentially to reproduce a braille dot recorded at the same exploration speed, they were asked to report which of the two stimuli was stronger (or ‘higher’), a task that they could successfull
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Macchione, Silvia. "Topography of the perceptual improvement induced by repetitive somatosensory stimulation." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1302.
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Le toucher joue un rôle prépondérant dans notre vie quotidienne. Il est connu depuis longtemps que l’acuité tactile peut être améliorée par effet de la plasticité cérébrale, suite à entraînement. Une autre forme d’amélioration, indépendante de l’entraînement, peut être obtenue grâce à une simple stimulation mécanique d’une petite région de la peau, appelée stimulation somatosensorielle répétée (RSS). Avant de commencer ce travail de thèse, il avait été montré que la RSS pouvait améliorer l’acuité tactile localement (sur le doigt stimulé) et aussi à distance (sur le visage) mais la topographie de l’amélioration tactile, notamment sur les autres doigts, demeurait inconnue. Également, l’hypothèse d’appliquer la RSS sur une autre région du corps (notamment le visage) et vérifier ses effets à la fois locaux sur le visage, ainsi qu’à distance sur les doigts, n’avait jamais été investiguée. Le but de mon travail de thèse constituait donc à investiguer la topographie de l’amélioration tactile induite par RSS au sein d’une même et entre plusieurs régions du corps. Une première étude a révélé que la RSS d’un doigt est capable d’induire une amélioration tactile locale ainsi qu’à distance entre les deux mains. La deuxième étude a prouvé que la RSS d’une région du visage est capable d’induire une amélioration tactile locale ainsi qu’une amélioration tactile à distance sur la main. De plus, l’effet d’amélioration tactile entre la main et le visage est bidirectionnel. Dans leur ensemble, les données expérimentales constituent une contribution significative à l'étude de la topographie des changements tactiles induits par la RSSTouch plays a fundamental role in our daily activities. It has long been known that, thanks to brain plasticity, tactile acuity can be improved following training. Another form of tactile improvement, independent from training, can be achieved through a simple mechanical stimulation of a small region of the skin, called repetitive somatosensory stimulation (RSS). RSS of a finger was well known to improve tactile acuity locally (on the stimulated finger) and also remotely (on the face). However, topography of tactile improvement, especially on other unstimulated fingers, was unknown. In addition, the hypothesis of applying the RSS to another body region (notably the face) and investigate the possible effects, both in face and fingers, was not explored. The aim of this work of thesis was therefore investigating the topography of the RSS-induced tactile improvement within and between body regions. One first study revealed that RSS of a finger induces tactile improvement both locally and remotely in fingers. The second study showed that, when applied on the face, RSS is able to induce tactile improvement both locally, on the face, and remotely, in the hand, demonstrating that the tactile improvement between the hand and the face is bidirectional. Overall, the experimental data I provide constitute a significant contribution to the study of the topography of RSS-induced tactile changes
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Schroeder, Jan Walter. "Creating tactile feedback with intelligent electrical stimulation to compensate for sensory impairment." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2014. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/21781/.
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Performing daily life activities can be more challenging as a result of peripheral neuropathy in the feet and can lead to an increased risk of falls and injuries. Biofeedback, in the form of electrocutaneous stimulation, can be used as a means to transmit information about the force and pressure applied to the feet, and this can help people determine their body position in relation to the ground and the amount of sway movements. The motivation for the present work was to explore whether a wearable electrotactile feedback system (EFS) could improve life quality by supporting people with balance instability as a result of this condition. In this study a wearable EFS was designed to estimate the magnitude of pressure applied to the feet during standing and walking. The study also aimed to determine whether the EFS had an effect on posture control in standing and confidence in walking among individuals suffering from peripheral neuropathy. A wearable EFS has been developed in this work including the hardware design for an electrocutaneous stimulation and a processing unit to compute the sensor data. The EFS uses a sensor system with piezoresitive force sensors that has been developed and tested beforehand. The proposed system considers aspects of safety and portability, as well as meeting individual parameters. The latter one was assured by implementing and testing a novel calibration method for the detection of sensory thresholds and device parameters. A software for magnitude estimation and force and pressure feedback based on the centre of pressure (COP) movement was programmed and a psychophysical transfer function involving sensory thresholds and sensor system variables was implemented. A pilot study with 11 participants was carried out to evaluate the suitability of the EFS for magnitude estimation. Magnitude estimation with the EFS showed high accuracy and sensitivity and it was found that the design proposed in this work is beneficial over other solutions. The upper leg was identified as a suitable location for electrotactile feedback. A proof of concept study was undertaken among 14 individuals suffering with peripheral neuropathy and five controls in a clinical environment, testing the effects of the EFS on balancing and walking in different scenarios. It was shown that, when used by patients with neuropathy, the EFS helped improving posture control in certain scenarios and did not hinder patients during walking. A longer learning period might be necessary so that users can fully benefit from the EFS. The findings of the study contribute to the understanding of electrotactile feedback and are valuable for further developments of wearable EFS to compensate for sensory impairment and improve activities of daily life for people with sensation loss in their feet.
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Racat, Margot. "L’influence de la stimulation tactile lors de l’évaluation en ligne du produit." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3064.
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Ce travail de recherche doctorale étudie l’influence de la stimulation tactile de l’interface lors de l’évaluation en ligne du produit. A travers un plan d’expériences composé d’une étude exploratoire au design de recherche mixte et de trois expérimentations, nous cherchons à identifier, dans un premier temps, l’effet de l’absence d’interaction directe avec le produit (étude exploratoire) puis nous testons l’effet du type de test de produits sur la préférence d’achat du consommateur (i.e. physique vs. virtuel) (étude 1). Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudions l’effet de la stimulation tactile directe de l’interface sur la perception de similarité du test et l’influence de cette dernière sur l’évaluation du produit. En particulier, nous testons deux effets: celui de la congruence entre la stimulation tactile de l’interface et la texture du produit (étude 2) puis celui de la familiarité des textures (étude 3). D’une part, nous montrons que le consommateur est à la recherche d’interaction sensorielle lors de son interaction virtuelle avec les produits, ce qui lui permet de considérer cette expérience virtuelle comme plus réaliste, notamment au niveau sensoriel (étude exploratoire). Nous montrons également que le consommateur préfère l’expérience virtuelle du produit malgré le manque significatif d’interactions sensorielles, notamment tactiles (étude 1). D’autre part, nous montrons que l’interaction des textures entre l’interface et le produit influence négativement la similarité perçue du test (étude 2) tandis que, lorsque les textures ne sont pas familières, l’interaction des textures influence positivement la similarité perçue (étude 3). A partir de ces résultats, nous concluons que le consommateur est à la recherche de stimulation tactile lors de son expérience virtuelle avec le produit afin de satisfaire son besoin de toucher et d’enrichir son expérience sensorielle en ligne. En particulier, l’effet positif de l’interaction des textures, lorsque la stimulation n’est pas familière, sur la similarité perçue du test suggère que les consommateurs considèrent l’information tactile comme suffisante pour percevoir une similarité sensorielle à celle obtenue en magasinOur doctoral research examines the influence of tactile stimulation in online product evaluation. With an exploratory study and three experiments, we aim at identifying the effect of the absence of direct product touch (exploratory study), and then concentrate on the effect of the type of product testing on the consumer’s preference for purchasing (physical vs. virtual) (study 1). Next, we look at the influence of the interface tactile stimulation on the perceived product test similarity, of which the latter positively influences the online product evaluation. In particular, we test two types of effect: the congruence (study 2) and the familiarity of the textures (study 3). On the one hand, our results show that consumers are seeking a higher sensory input into online environments while interacting with products, especially from a tactile perspective (exploratory study). Results also highlight that consumers prefer the online product experience, even though they regret the absence of products' tactile sensations (study 1). On the other hand, we demonstrate that the interaction between the interface's direct tactile stimulation and the product's texture negatively influence the perceived similarity of product testing when textures fit, whereas when the textures are unfamiliar, the interaction of texture positively influences the perceived similarity of product testing. From these results, we conclude that consumers are in need of tactile input into virtual product experiences to satisfy their need for touch, and enhance their online sensory experiences. Notably, the positive effect of the interaction of textures, in an unfamiliar tactile stimulation, suggests that consumers consider the direct tactile stimulation as not being sufficient enough to provide useful information, but they assimilate it to a real product testing from a tactile perspective
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Hudin, Charles. "Focalisation par retournement temporel dans les plaques minces : Application à la stimulation tactile." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020813.
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Contrairement à la capture tactile multi digitale déjà largement répandue, il n'existe pas de solution superposable à un écran permettant l'affichage localisé d'informations perceptibles au toucher. On propose dans ce travail de thèse une approche basée sur la focalisation d'ondes de flexion dans une plaque mince. Cette focalisation, obtenue suivant le procédé de retournement temporel, permet de produire une stimulation tactile localisée en un ou plusieurs points d'une plaque transparente à partir d'un ensemble d'actionneurs situés sur son contour. Le dimensionnement de l'interface s'appuie en premier lieu sur l'étude du contraste de focalisation et sa sensibilité à la température. D'autres critères de dimensionnement sont étudiés tels que les résolutions spatiale et temporelle, la fréquence de répétition de la focalisation, le bilan énergétique ou le bruit audible généré. Le retournement temporel synthétique, permettant la focalisation en tout point de la surface à partir d'un apprentissage en un ensemble fini de points du contour est adapté au cas des plaques minces. Un démonstrateur est assemblé et caractérisé. On obtient sur une plaque d'épaisseur 0.5 mm un déplacement au point de focalisation jusqu'à 7 µm, pour une tache de focalisation d'un diamètre de 5 mm. La focalisation simultanée en plusieurs points est également obtenue expérimentalement. On propose finalement un modèle pour la prise en compte de la perturbation de la focalisation par le contact avec un ou plusieurs doigts. Une étude de perception montrant la possibilité de détecter et de discriminer le stimulus tactile produit conclue ce travail.
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de, Roiste Eilis Aine Mhaire. "Aspects of tactile stimulation with infants in intensive and special care baby units." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320595.
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Tebcherani, Tanya Marie. "A Computational Approach to Enhance Control of Tactile Properties Evoked by Peripheral Nerve Stimulation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1625780331134629.
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Méthot, Vincent. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle du rat à 7T." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8854.
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Des métastases cérébrales vont se développer chez 10 à 30% des patients atteints de cancer. La radiothérapie fait partie des possibilités de traitement, et ceci même si les dommages induits au cerveau par des rayonnements ionisants sont potentiellement importants. Nous proposons l’utilisation de l’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) sur le rat pour mieux comprendre ces effets. Ce mémoire traite de la mise en place d’un tel protocole d’IRMf. Les principaux points abordés sont la préparation de l’animal, les différentes insultes et stimulations sensorielles possibles ainsi que la méthode d’acquisition. Notre protocole d’insulte hyperoxique permet de déceler des dommages physiques d’origine vasculaire suite à une intense irradiation dans le cerveau du rat. Toutefois, la même procédure associée à une stimulation mécanique de la patte arrière de l’animal n’amène pas de changement observable à l’IRMf sur un sujet sain. Malgré tout, ce type de stimulation induit une réponse respiratoire, même sous anesthésie d’isoflurane. Une telle méthode n’est donc pas adéquate à l’étude d’animaux anesthésiés, surtout ceux dont la réponse cérébrale pourra avoir été réduite par une irradiation. Quelques améliorations et modifications du protocole seraient possiblement à même de permettre une mesure reproductible de la réponse d’IRMf à une stimulation sensorielle. Le présent mémoire décrit les tentatives de mise en place d’une stimulation sensorielle donnant lieu à une activation IRMf reproductible et localisée. De plus, un protocole de traitement d’image adapté au petit animal ainsi qu’une implémentation de la méthode keyhole ont été mis en place. L’insulte hyperoxique et ses effets sur le cerveau de rat ont été explorés plus en détail.
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Lemos, Ludovic. "Eficácia da estimulação tátil e cinestésica no aumento do peso de bebés prematuros: uma revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10753.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em FisioterapiaIntrodução: Diversas intervenções visam promover o crescimento adequado de bebés prematuros designando o peso como um parâmetro essencial para a sobrevivência e resultados de saúde a longo prazo. Objetivo: sumariar a evidência científica acerca da eficácia da estimulação tátil e/ou cinestésica no aumento do peso de bebés prematuros. Metodologia: Pesquisa computorizada de estudos randomizados controlados publicados em inglês, português, francês ou espanhol nas bases de dados EBSCO Host (CINAHL), Web Of Science, PubMed e PEDro, usando a expressão: (preterm OR premature OR preterm neonates OR preterm infant OR premature infant) AND (massage OR stroking OR tactile stimulation OR passive mobilization OR kinesthetic stimulation OR tactile/kinesthetic stimulation) AND weight. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada recorrendo à Escala de PEDro. Resultados: 7 estudos cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade, apresentando uma amostra total de 238 bebés com um peso ao nascimento até 2051g e idade gestacional até 34 semanas, tendo apresentado uma média de qualidade metodológica de 6,7/10. Conclusão: os estudos sugerem que as técnicas de estimulação tátil e cinestésica aumentam o peso de bebés prematuros.
Introduction: Different interventions have been designed to promote adequate growth in premature babies considering weight as an essential parameter for survival and long-term health outcomes. Purpose: To summarize the scientific evidence about the effectiveness of tactile and/or kinesthetic stimulation in weight increase of premature babies. Methods: Computerized search of randomized controlled trials published in English, Portuguese, French or Spanish in the EBSCO Host (CINAHL), Web Of Science, PubMed and PEDro databases, using the expression: (preterm OR premature OR preterm neonates OR preterm infant OR premature infant) AND (massage OR stroking OR tactile stimulation OR passive mobilization OR kinesthetic stimulation OR tactile/kinesthetic stimulation) AND weight. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro’sscale. Results: 7 studies met the eligibility criteria, including an amount of 238 babies with a birth weight up to 2051g and gestational age up to 34 weeks, with a mean methodological quality of 6,7/10. Conclusion: studies suggest that tactile and kinesthetic stimulation techniques increase the weight of premature babies.
N/A
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ABBASS, YAHYA. "Human-Machine Interfaces using Distributed Sensing and Stimulation Systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1069056.
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As the technology moves towards more natural human-machine interfaces (e.g. bionic limbs, teleoperation, virtual reality), it is necessary to develop a sensory feedback system in order to foster embodiment and achieve better immersion in the control system. Contemporary feedback interfaces presented in research use few sensors and stimulation units to feedback at most two discrete feedback variables (e.g. grasping force and aperture), whereas the human sense of touch relies on a distributed network of mechanoreceptors providing a wide bandwidth of information. To provide this type of feedback, it is necessary to develop a distributed sensing system that could extract a wide range of information during the interaction between the robot and the environment. In addition, a distributed feedback interface is needed to deliver such information to the user. This thesis proposes the development of a distributed sensing system (e-skin) to acquire tactile sensation, a first integration of distributed sensing system on a robotic hand, the development of a sensory feedback system that compromises the distributed sensing system and a distributed stimulation system, and finally the implementation of deep learning methods for the classification of tactile data. It’s core focus addresses the development and testing of a sensory feedback system, based on the latest distributed sensing and stimulation techniques. To this end, the thesis is comprised of two introductory chapters that describe the state of art in the field, the objectives, and the used methodology and contributions; as well as six studies that tackled the development of human-machine interfaces.
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Drew, Ashley. "Exploring Body Representations: Effects of Visuotactile Congruency on Sensorimotor EEG Measures." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/428329.
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PsychologyPh.D.
There has been a recent growth of interest in exploring the complexities of multisensory processes underlying human body representation. One cross-modal aspect of body representations involves the visuotactile body mapping between tactile stimulation of a body limb and the observation of a body limb. Previous findings demonstrate that visual information influences the spatial and temporal patterning of brain responses to tactile stimulation. By manipulating the congruency of the visuotactile stimuli, the integration of visual and tactile information of the body can be investigated further. In the current studies, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to record the neural responses to touch during congruent and incongruent visuotactile stimuli in adults and infants. Two studies investigated different characteristics of visuotactile congruency on the neural response to touch during observations of others’ bodies. In Study 1, spatial congruency of visuotactile events in adults was examined by recording electrophysiological responses to tactile stimulation of the hand in different postural positions while viewing pictures of hands. In Study 2, visuotactile body mappings were explored within typically developing, preverbal infants. In the second study, infants received tactile stimulation to their hand or foot while viewing the hand or foot of another person. The findings of both studies indicate neural modulations were driven by the viewed stimuli regardless of the visuotactile congruency suggestive of attentional factors at work during late stages of somatosensory processing.
Temple University--Theses
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Petersen, Melvina L. "Knowledge of first time mothers about the importance of tactile stimulation during infancy and early childhood." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20251.
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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Research indicates that human touch plays an integral role in an infant’s ability to thrive and grow, with a correlation existing between tactile stimulation and optimal physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. The aim of this study was to explore the level of knowledge of first time mothers attending Mowbray Maternity Hospital (MMH) regarding the importance of tactile stimulation during infancy and early childhood. A descriptive, non-experimental, research design was employed, using a pilot tested structured questionnaire for data collection during face-to-face interviews conducted by the Principal Investigator. Questions were divided into four domains: knowledge about the impact of tactile stimulation on the bonding domain, the emotional domain, physical domain and the social domain of infants and children. The inclusion of one open-ended question allowed participants to suggest recommendations for improved knowledge and care. A sample of 41 participants, constituting 40% of the study population (N=101) was randomly selected from MMH. Prior ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University, and operational approval from the Western Cape Department of Health, and the Research Committee and Senior Management of MMH. Written informed consent was obtained from the study participants. The quantitative data was analysed using Statistica (Version 10) with the assistance of a statistician. The qualitative data yielded from the one open-ended question was analysed thematically and then quantified. The findings show that 90% (n=37) of the participants were knowledgeable about tactile stimulation strategies, 81% (n=33) knew about the impact of tactile stimulation on the bonding domain, 75% (n=31) on the emotional domain, 52% (n=21) on the physical domain and 43% (n=18) on the social domain. Although all participants had reported for out-patient antenatal care on four and more occasions, 73% (n=30) indicated that they had improved their knowledge regarding pregnancy, labour, birth, and parenting by reading magazines, 20% (n=8) reported that a health care worker had spoken to them about the benefits of tactile stimulation, and 15% (n=6) had received literature on the benefits of tactile stimulation. The open-ended question generated several findings which included suggestions to enhance healthcare by providing information and training about tactile stimulation and perinatal matters when attending antenatal clinic; by offering assistance with infant feeding during the postnatal period; and by improving the attitude and professional stance of health care workers. The study findings suggest that first time mothers at MMH are not adequately knowledgeable about the importance of tactile stimulation during infancy and early childhood. Grounded in the empirical findings and based on the suggestions offered by the participants, several recommendations, including improved information and training, were identified toward strengthening tactile stimulation knowledge and practice at both the parental and health care provider levels.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Studies toon dat menslike aanraking ‘n belangrike rol in ‘n baba se algemene vermoëns om te groei speel, terwyl ‘n positiewe korrelasie tussen koestering en optimale fisiese, emosionele, kognitiewe en sosiale ontwikkeling bestaan. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel of moeders, wat vir die eerste keer geboorte geskenk het, en geskeduleer was om by Mowbray Kraamhospitaal geboorte te skenk, ingelig was aangaande die belangrikheid van streling tydens babaskap en die vroeë kinderjare. ‘n Beskrywende, nie-eksperimentele navorsingstudie is uitgevoer, deur van ‘n gestruktureerde, onderhoudsvraelys vir die insameling van data gebruik te maak. Vrae was opverdeeld in die volgende seksies: kennis rakende die impak van babastreling op die band tussen moeder en baba, kennis rakende die impak op die emosienele dimensie, en kennis rakende die impak van babastreling op die fisiese en sosiale dimensies van babas en kinders. Die ewekansige gekose studie-groep van een-enveertig deelneemers het 40% van die studie-populasie uitgemaak. Voorafgaande etiese en operationele toestemming is vanaf die Menslike Etiese Kommittee van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch, die Wes-Kaapse Departement van Gesondheid en vanaf die Navorsings kommittee en Bestuur van Mowbray Kraamhospitaal verkry. Geskrewe toestemming is voor aanvang van die een-tot-een onderhoude vanaf die deelneners verkry. Die kwantitiewe data is met die hulp van ‘n statistikus deur die gebruik van die sagteware, Statistica (Weergawe10) geanaliseer. Die kwalitiewe data wat na aanleiding van die oop-eindigende vraag verkry is, is tematies geanaliseer en gekwantifiseer. Die resultate het getoon dat meeste 90% (n=37) van die deelnemers met die algemene praktyke van babastrelingstrategië gedurende babaskap bekend was. Die persentasie vir deelnemers se kennis rakende die impak van babastreling op die band tussen moeder en baba was 81% (n=33), en vir kennis omtrent die emosienele dimensie 75% (n=31), die impak van babastreling op die fisiese 52% (n=21) en die sosiale 43% (n=18) dimensies van babas en kinders. Alhoewel alle deelneemers vir voorgeboorte kliniek gerapporteer het, het 73% (n=30), terugvoer dat hulle hulle kennis omtrent swangerskap, geboorte en ouerskap verbreed het deur tydskrifte te lees, 20% (n=8) van die deelnemers gerapporteer het dat ‘n gesondheidswerker met hulle omtrent die voordele van babastreling gepraat het, terwyl 15% (n=6) leesmaterial rakende die voordele van babstreling ontvang het. Die oop-eindigende vraag het verskeie bevindings opgelewer met voorstelle met betrekking tot die verbetering van gesondheidsorg en opleiding, opleiding aangaande die voorgeboortelike sorg wat hulle ontvang het en aangaande perinatale aangeleenthede en stimulasie van babas deur streling. Deelneemers het ook voorgestel dat verpleegsters hulp aan moeders behoort te verleen met die voeding van hul babas in die periode na geboorte en dat gesondheidsorgwerkers hulle professionaliteit en gesindhede jeens pasiënte behoort te verbeter. Ten slotte het die uitkomste van hierdie studie aangedui dat, moeders wat vir die eerste keer geboorte geskenk het by Mowbray Kraamhospitaal, onvoldoende kennis dra oor die belangrikheid van stimulasie van hulle babas en jong kinders deur streling. Gegrond in die empiriese bevindings en gebaseer op die voorstelle van deelnemers, is verskeie aanbevelings geïdentifiseer vir die moontlike verbetering van kennis rakende streling op die ouer- en gesondheidswerkervlakke.
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Ardnell, Ann, and Ylva Franzén. "Berör mig : men på mina villkor, en studie om hur pedagoger arbetar med beröring i förskolan." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2292.
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Artikelserien "Hudhunger" som Dagens Nyheter publicerat under våren 2004 har varit en inspiration för oss när vi har skrivit vår uppsats. Serien har belyst begreppet beröring och dess betydelse för oss människor. I litteraturgenomgången presenterar vi först begreppet beröring kopplat till barnkonventionen och förskolans läroplan, varför beröring är så viktigt för oss leveande varelser genom hela livet. Vi tar även upp vad beröringsbrist kan leda till och dess effekter. Vidare presenterar vi hur beröringskänslighet, eller taktilt försvar kan yttra sig och hur man kan arbeta med dessa barn som har dessa svårigheter. Det kan också finnas misstänktsamhet vid beröring av barn. I det avsnittet presenterar vi varför beröring är viktigt för att motverka dessa misstänksamheter då barnen bygger upp mer förståelse för bra och dålig beröring. Slutligen tar vi upp om det finns någon skillnade mellan pojkar och flickor, hur de upplever beröing, enligt forskare.
I vår undersökning har vi gjort en enkät genom kvalitativ metod där vi undersökte hur pedagoger arbetar med beröring i förskolan. Undersökningen är gjord på fyra olika förskolor i två mellanstora städer i Sverige. Resultatet visar att de pedagoger som besvarat vår enkät har kunskap om beröring och beröringskänslighet. Samt att de har en positiv syn då de arbetar aktivt med beröring i form av exempelvis massage och taktila lekar. Vi anser att beröring ska vara en naturlig del i förskolans verksamhet och att vår uppsats uppmärksammar vikten av beröring och ett fortsatt arbete med beröring.
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Hatton, Anna Lucy. "The effect of textured surfaces on postural sway and lower limb muscle activity during quiet standing in healthy young and older adults." Thesis, Teesside University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/117895.
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This thesis investigated whether different textured surfaces have a role to play in changing balance performance in healthy young and older adults. A review of the literature showed that balance may be improved by standing on surfaces, or wearing foot insoles, with texture compared to those that are smooth, possibly by providing enhanced plantar tactile stimulation. It also showed that textured footwear interventions can influence lower limb muscle activity during functional activities. However, some major gaps in current literature were identified. There was limited evidence relating to the effect of texture in older adults: a population known to show poor balance and at high risk of falling. The importance of the geometric textured pattern in changing balance had not been investigated. It was also unclear whether textured interventions altered lower limb muscle activity, as a component of sensorimotor function of balance control. The purpose of this thesis was to address these important areas of research and contribute novel evidence to the field. In two separate studies, 24 young and 50 older healthy adults conducted tests of bilateral quiet standing with eyes open and closed on two different textured surfaces and a smooth surface as control. Centre of pressure based sway variables were extracted from a force platform and lower limb muscle activity was collected using surface electromyography, over 30 seconds. Textured surfaces did not significantly alter sway variables or lower limb muscle activity in healthy young adults. Closer observation of the data tentatively suggested texture may have the capacity to alter anterior-posterior sway and centre of pressure velocity in young adults. These findings supported the aims of this thesis to explore the possibility of a textured effect in people with poor balance ability: older adults. Textured surfaces significantly changed mediolateral sway range and centre of pressure velocity in healthy older adults, in the absence of visual information. No significant changes were observed for lower limb muscle activity, between the textured conditions. Exploratory sub-group analysis for gender generated speculative data suggesting the effect of texture on balance and muscle activity may be more marked in older females. Evidence from both studies suggests that relative to control, the two textured conditions have opposite effects on postural sway. There may be an optimal textured pattern which could be therapeutically beneficial for enhancing balance performance in healthy and pathological groups. Further investigation is required.
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Honeycutt, Hunter Gibson. "The Influence of Enhanced Tactile and Vestibular Sensory Stimulation on Subsequent Auditory and Visual Responsiveness: A Matter of Timing." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27607.
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The fact that sensory modalities do not become functional at the same time raises the question of how sensory systems and their particular experiential histories might influence one another. Few studies have addressed how modified stimulation to earlier-emerging modalities might influence the functioning of relatively later-developing modalities. Previous findings have shown that enhanced prenatal tactile and vestibular (proximal) stimulation extended and delayed normal patterns of auditory and visual responsiveness to species-typical maternal cues in bobwhite quail respectively. Although these results were attributed to the increased amount of sensory stimulation, these results may be a function of when prenatal augmented proximal exposure took place. To address this issue the present study exposed groups of bobwhite quail embryos to equivalent amounts of augmented tactile and vestibular stimulation either at a time when a later-emerging modality (auditory or visual) was beginning to functionally emerge or when it had already functionally emerged. Results indicate that differences in the timing of augmented tactile and vestibular stimulation led to differences in subsequent auditory and visual responsiveness. Embryos were unable to learn a maternal call prior to hatching when enhanced proximal stimulation coincided with auditory functional emergence implicating a deficit in auditory functioning, but did learn a maternal call when enhanced proximal stimulation occurred after auditory functional emergence. Augmented proximal stimulation that coincided with visual functional emergence did not appear to influence normal visual responsiveness, but when proximal stimulation occurred after visual emergence, chicks displayed an accelerated approach response to species-typical visual cues. These findings support the view that the timing of enhanced stimulation to earlier-emerging modalities is important, and have meaningful implications for intersensory theory and research.Ph. D.
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Mateus, Maria Carolina Araújo. "Eficácia da estimulação tátil e cinestésica no aumento de peso de bebés pré-termo: uma revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4972.
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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em FisioterapiaObjetivo: atualizar e sumariar a evidência científica relatada na literatura que investigasse a eficácia da Estimulação Táctil e da Estimulação Cinestésica no aumento de peso dos bebés prétermo. Metodologia: pesquisa de estudos nas bases de dados EBSCO, PubMed e PEDro. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada com auxílio da Escala de Pedro. Resultados: Obtiveramse 896 artigos, dos quais 6 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão, com um total de 307 bebés pré-termo. Os recém-nascidos presentes na revisão apresentam peso ao nascimento até 2500 gr. e idade gestacional até 36 semanas. Conclusão: A evidência encontrada nesta revisão, no que respeita à Estimulação Táctil e Cinestésica, parece favorecer o aumento de peso em bebés prétermo. No entanto, salienta-se a necessidade de se realizarem mais estudos.
Purpose: To update and to summarize the scientific evidence reported in the literature that investigates the effectiveness of Tactile Stimulation and Kinesthetic Stimulation in weight gain of preterm infants. Methods: research studies in EBSCO, PubMed and PEDro databases. Methodological quality was assessed with the Scale of Pedro. Results: We could find 896 articles from which we selected 6 articles to includ in this review, including an ammount of 307 preterm infants. Newborns checked in the review have birthweight up to 2500 g and gestational age up to 36 weeks. Conclusion: The evidence found in this review in regard to tactile kinesthetic stimulation appears to favor weight gain in preterm infants. However, it emphasizes the need to conduct further studies.
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Sednaoui, Thomas. "Tactile feedback integration on mobile communicating devices : analysis and specification." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10188/document.
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L’usage des écrans tactiles est devenu omniprésent ces dernières années. Ces appareils prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans notre de vie de tous les jours, on les retrouve dans nos maisons, bureaux et même dans nos poches. L’abondance de ces nouvelles interfaces a soulevé l’intérêt pour les technologies permettant une stimulation tactile, et mis en perspective le manque de ce type d’interfaces dans les nouvelles générations d’appareils mobiles avec écrans tactiles. Aujourd’hui, les appareils possédant ce type d’écran se contentent de fournir un retour sensoriel sous la forme de simples vibrations, qui n’ont pas pour objectif de recréer les sensations du toucher de surfaces. La recherche de nouvelles interfaces tactiles, plus performantes, et assurant une restitution plus proche d’une sensation naturelle est donc en cours. Plusieurs solutions technologiques ont prouvé leur efficacité mais posent des problèmes d’industrialisation. Dans cette thèse, une de ces méthodes adaptées aux écrans tactiles, la lubrification ultrasonique, est présentée. Cette méthode de stimulation s’appuie sur la création d’une onde stationnaire ultrasonore au sein d’un résonateur en verre et est capable de faire varier en temps réel la sensation de frottement entre le doigt de l’utilisateur et la surface du résonateur. Grace à des mesures tribologiques, les paramètres influents tels l’amplitude vibratoire, la vitesse d’exploration du doigt, la fréquence de résonance du stimulateur sont mis en évidence. Cette analyse permet la proposition d’une première série de spécifications techniques pour la conception de dispositifs à retour tactile. L’étude est ensuite complétée par l’analyse des problèmes d’alimentation et de contrôle du système, avec en considération les questions d’intégration au sein de dispositifs portables et les problèmes d’industrialisation du processus de fabrication. Enfin, des études psychophysiques sont menées pour affiner du point de vue perceptuel le cahier des charges de conception d’un tel dispositifThe last few years have seen the emergence of ubiquitous mobile devices and tactile interfaces. These devices take an ever-important place in our daily life, they are present in our home, office, cars and even pockets. The abundance of these novel interfaces raised the interest in touch based human-machine interactions and highlighted the problem of the lack of natural touch feedback in the existing generation of tactile displays. Today’s smartphones all possess basic haptic feedback thanks to low frequency vibrations. However, these vibrations are far from the natural touch sensation of a surface. The search for a better tactile feedback, closer to the natural human perception, is ongoing. Multiple solutions are being explored to deliver improved haptic feedback on existing mobile platforms such as smartphones or tablets. In this thesis, we investigate the tactile feedback thanks to ultrasonic lubrication, well adapted to touch screen. This technology uses the creation of a resonating standing wave in a substrate to modulate in real time the friction perceived by user moving his finger on the resonator surface; the principle is effective even on a flat glass surface. By a series of experimental friction measures, the influence of the relevant parameters such as the vibration amplitude, the exploratory speed, the resonance frequency is highlighted. This analysis is used to build advanced tactile interfaces, based on ultrasonic friction modulation. The control and the supply of the tactile interfaces are also investigated, considering the issues of integration and industrialization of the process. Finally, these new interfaces are used to explore advanced control methods, improving further the quality and reliability of the generated sensation. Psychophysical analysis is performed to fulfil the specifications of these devices on a perceptual point of view
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Perusseau-Lambert, Alix. "L’interaction tactile pour médier le travail d’accompagnement des personnes avec autisme." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS322.
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Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et le développement d’interfaces tactiles ludo-éducatives via une approche centrée utilisateur appliquée au Trouble du Spectre de l’Autisme (TSA). Les personnes atteintes de TSA présentent des particularités sensori-motrices hétérogènes. Dans la modalité tactile, certains peuvent avoir un seuil de résistance à la douleur très élevé, d'autres peuvent ne pas supporter une caresse. Des stimulations tactiles adaptées dans un environnement contrôlé peuvent s’avérer bénéfiques à leur bien être. En s’appuyant sur une démarche de conception centrée utilisateur, un dispositif mécatronique a été conçu et réalisé pour accomplir, via la kinesthésie, des tâches adaptées aux besoins des professionnels de santé travaillant avec des patients TSA. Le prototype correspond à un plan de travail effectif de 30 par 42 cm, sollicitant les compétences motrices de l’utilisateur. Dans la démarche centrée utilisateur, deux études d’évaluations du prototype ont pu être menées afin d’identifier des pistes d’applications et d’intégration dans la pratique des professionnels. De plus, une étude sur la perception vibrotactile en condition sociale a été réalisée permettant une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes cognitifs à l’œuvre dans la population humaine générale et guidant ainsi les possibles utilisations d’interfaces tactiles pour l’autisme. Nos résultats confirment la pertinence de la démarche centrée utilisateur dans un processus de conception d’ingénierie, notamment pour des applications de stimulation motrice et sensorielle dans le cadre de l’accompagnement des personnes avec TSAThis doctoral work focuses on the design and implementation of tactile edutainment interfaces via a user centered approach applied to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Individuals with ASD display heterogeneous sensorimotor features. In the tactile modality, some individuals may have a very high threshold of resistance to pain, while others may not be able to bear a caress. Adapted tactile stimulations in a controlled environment can prove beneficial for their wellbeing. Based on a user-centred design approach, a mechatronic device has been designed and implemented to enable healthcare professionnals working with ASD patients to perform kinesthetic tasks adapted to their needs. The prototype affords an effective working surface of 30 by 42 cm that requires users’ motor skills. Following a user-centered approach, two studies have been conducted to identify application opportunities and how to integrate them in professionnal pratice. Additionally, we studied vibrotactile perception in social condition to better understand the cognitive mechanisms involved in the general human population and to guide possible usage of tactile interface for autism. Our results confirmed the relevance of the user-centred approach in an engineering design process, especially regarding sensorial and motor stimulation applications in the context of care-taking for people with ASD
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Ben, Messaoud Wael. "Design and control of a tactile stimulator for real texture simulation : application to textile fabrics." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10040/document.
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La modulation de frottement par vibrations ultrasoniques est une des méthodes utilisées pour produire une stimulation tactile. L’amplitude de vibration est modulée en fonction de la position du doigt pour donner l’illusion à l’utilisateur de toucher une texture. L’objectif de cette thèse est de développer une interface tactile permettant de simuler la sensation tactile de textures complexes telles que des surfaces textiles. Pour ce faire, nous avons tout d’abord implanté une méthode de contrôle robuste du stimulateur tactile du L2EP grâce au développement d’un modèle du comportement vibratoire. Ce contrôle assure également le suivi de la fréquence de résonance afin d’optimiser l’efficacité énergétique du dispositif. Dans un second temps et après avoir évalué la relation entre les aspects tribologiques de l’interaction doigt/stimulateur et la perception des stimuli, nous avons prouvé par une étude statistique que le «contraste en frottement» est le paramètre le plus significatif et donc celui à programmer pour qualifier la variation de perception du frottement. Cette étude nous a menés à concevoir un nouveau dispositif tactile appelé SmartTac, intégrant des nouveaux capteurs de force permettant de mesurer et contrôler directement le coefficient de frottement qu’il soit adaptatif au doigt du sujet. Enfin, après avoir décrit une méthode d’extraction des propriétés tribologiques de trois surfaces textiles très différentes, la simulation de ces textures est entreprise avec le SmartTac. Notre approche est testée par la réalisation d’une expérience psychophysique sur la correspondance entre surfaces simulées et surfaces réelles: un taux de réussite de 78% valide notre démarcheThe friction modulation produced by ultrasonic vibrations is one of the methods which produce the tactile stimulation. The vibration amplitude is modulated depending on the finger position to give the illusion of touching a texture. This thesis aims at developing a tactile device able to simulate the sensation of touching complex textures such as textile fabrics. For this aim, we modelled first the vibration behaviour and proposed a new strategy to track the resonance frequency of the tactile device and to improve the robustness of the control. On the other hand, the relationship between the tribological aspects of interaction finger / stimulator and the perception of stimuli is assessed to define the most perceived tribological criteria. The tribological parameter named “friction contrast” is introduced. Following this tribological study, we developed a new tactile device called SmartTac integrating new force sensors to measure and control directly the coefficient of friction and to make it adaptive to the user’s finger. Last, a method for extracting the tribological properties of three various textile fabrics is applied to simulate them. Our method is validated by conducting a psychophysical experiment with a success rate of 78%, matching the simulated surfaces to real surfaces
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Ghenna, Sofiane. "Approche multimodale pour la conception d’interface à retour tactile à plusieurs doigts." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10115/document.
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Les dispositifs à retour tactile sont utilisés pour créer un retour sensoriel à leurs utilisateurs. Par exemple, ils est possible de reproduire sous le doigt l'illusion de surfaces texturées par le contrôle de la friction entre une surface mise en vibration et le doigt de l'utilisateur parcourant la dalle. Pour la plupart de ces dispositifs, le principe de base consiste à utiliser un mode de résonance dont la fréquence et la forme sont imposées par la nature du matériau et la géométrie du dispositif. Le mode est sélectionné pour réaliser une stimulation homogène, et de ce fait elle est indifférenciée sur l'ensemble de la surface. En regard de certaines applications demandant une information plus variée, c'est un facteur limitant. On propose dans ce travail de thèse une nouvelle approche, basée sur la superposition de plusieurs modes de vibration. Les modes sont excités simultanément pour réaliser des déformées plus complexes et modulables, afin de générer une simulation à retour tactile multitouch. Cette approche a été validée pour le cas d'une poutre où deux modes de vibration ont été superposés pour générer une simulation tactile différenciée sous deux doigts, grâce au contrôle vectoriel de deux actionneurs piézoélectriques. Cette approche multimodale a été ensuite étendue au cas d'une plaque mince où différentes distributions spatiales du déplacement ont été imposées.L'approche développée dans ce travail nous a permis également de générer et de contrôler une onde progressive en amplitude et en direction. Pour cette raison, nous avons évalué l'intérêt des ondes progressives dans les interfaces tactiles. Les évaluations psychophysiques des dispositifs proposés montrent clairement l'intérêt d'exploiter plusieurs modes de vibration pour une simulation à retour tactileTactile display devices are used for providing tactile feedback to their users. They can reproduce the illusion of textured surface by controlling the friction between a vibrating surface and a sliding finger on it. For most of these devices, the basic principle is to use a single resonant mode whose frequency and wave form are imposed by the nature of the material and the geometry of the device. The mode is selected to achieve a homogeneous stimulation, and thereby tactile sensation is undifferentiated over the entire surface. The single mode tactile devices are limited for applications which require more varied information on surface.This work introduces a novel approach for tactile feedback based on the superposition of several vibration modes. The modes are excited simultaneously to perform a more complex wave form and are capable to generate multitouch tactile feedback. This approach has been validated for the case of a beam where two vibration modes were superimposed to generate a differentiated tactile simulation with two fingers. Thanks to vector control method applied to a piezoacturator. A tracking system was implemented to give a multitouch illusion based on the positions of the two fingers. This multimodal approach was later extended to the case of a thin plate where different spatial distributions of the displacement have been imposed. The approach developed in this work is also capable to generate and control a travelling wave amplitude and direction. For this reason, we evaluated the interest of travelling waves in touch interfaces. Psychophysical assessments of proposed devices clearly show the interest to use several vibration modes in tactile feedback simulation
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Pereira, Mauro Conti. "Sistema de substituição sensorial para auxílio a deficientes visuais via técnicas de processamento de imagens e estimulação cutânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-19092006-164118/.
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Este trabalho visou desenvolver e integrar técnicas, algoritmos e equipamentos para o auxílio a deficientes visuais em sua familiarização para orientação e mobilidade, permitindo uma maior autonomia de locomoção e, em uma segunda etapa, a leitura de cartazes e sinais. Para tal, foi proposta a substituição sensorial da visão pelo tato, permitindo que imagens sejam capturadas, tratadas digitalmente para detecção de bordas, com simplificação da imagem e diminuição de sua resolução. Estas imagens simplificadas são posteriormente transmitidas ao usuário por meio de eletroestimulação cutânea no abdome. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo de hardware, firmware para comandá-lo e software em um microcomputador para tratar a imagem capturada, além de uma matriz de eletrodos e estimação de distância por ultra-som, para compensar a falta de estereoscopia. Este protótipo foi projetado para ser o mais flexível possível para permitir o teste de diferentes maneiras de estímulo. Foram realizados testes preliminares comprovando a viabilidade do conceito, e um segundo protótipo maior foi então projetado e construído. Este sistema provou ser útil também como equipamento para pesquisas em psicologia experimental, na área de cognição e aprendizagem.This work intended to develop and integrate techniques, algorithms and equipments to aid visually handicapped people with the familiarization of unknown environments, as involved in orientation and mobility techniques, making locomotion an easier task. In a second phase, it allowed the blind user to receive signals corresponding to signs with letters, allowing them to \"read\" these signs. In order to do that, it was proposed the sensory substitution of vision by touch. Images were captured, processed digitally to be simplified, have their edges detected (contours of objects) and have their resolution reduced. This reduced image was then passed to the user by cutaneous electro-stimulation on the abdomen. A hardware prototype was developed, as well as firmware to control it, software to digitally process the image, a flexible matrix of electrodes, and an ultrasonic distance estimation system, to compensate for the lack of stereoscopy. The system was designed to be as flexible as possible to allow several stimuli tests. Preliminary tests were conducted that proved the feasibility of this concept. A second prototype, larger, was then designed and built. This device proved valuable also as a tool for research in experimental psychology, in cognition and learning.
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Arth, Kevin. "Neuromorphic sensory substitution with an asynchronous tactile belt for unsighted people : from design to clinical trials." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS218.
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Ce document présente la réalisation du premier système tactile de substitution sensorielle neuromorphique, en venant fusionner le domaine des neuroprothèses avec celui de la substitution sensorielle. L’évolution du dispositif jusqu’à sa version la plus aboutie est détaillée. Le système est testé au sein de deux études. La première permet d’étudier la discrimination spatiale et temporelle des sujets. Il rend possible l’évaluation de la capacité de discrimination de mouvement d’un point via le dispositif porté sur le dos. Dans la deuxième étude, le système tactile neuromorphique est couplé à une rétine artificielle. Une étude clinique permet d’étudier l’évolution d’un tel dispositif dans un environnement plus complexe via un apprentissage progressif et personnalisé. Cette étude permet également d’évaluer les retours des sujets vis à vis de l’ergonomie d’un tel système. Dix non-voyants acquis et cinq bien-voyants ont participé à cette étude. Les sujets sont capables grâce à ce dispositif de détecter des objets en mouvement, de discriminer l’espacement entre des formes, de trouver une cible dans une salle à luminosité variable, de suivre un chemin signalé au sol et d’éviter un potentiel obstacle. Enfin, ce dispositif a reçu un retour positif de la part des sujets nonvoyants, avec le souhait de voir le système devenir moins encombrant et plus discret pour permettre une utilisation quotidienneThis document presents the conception of the first neuromorphic tactile sensory substitution device, merging the domains of neuroprosthetics and sensory substitution.After a presentation of the state of art of the domains at the core of this work, we will introduce the device and present its chronological evolution and technical choices. We will then in a second stage introduce the validation studies that have been carried out to test the tactile neuromorphic device on blind and healthy control patients. The first study relies on psychophysical tests carried out to evaluate the link between spatial and temporal resolution of the developed device. The test relied on the ability of subjects to detect the direction of motion of a point sent on the tactile belt contacting the back of the subject. In the second study, the neuromorphic tactile system is coupled with an artificial silicon retina. A clinical trial is performed to study the performances of the developed device in a more complex environments using an incremental learning method. This study also evaluates the subjects’ feedback on the ergonomics of such an equipment. Ten visually impaired and five well-sighted subjects were selected. Subjects were able to detect objects in motion, discriminate the spacing between shapes, find a target in a scene with variable brightness, follow a signaled path on the ground and even avoid potential obstacles
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Brickwedde, Marion [Verfasser], Hubert R. [Gutachter] Dinse, Dirk [Gutachter] Jancke, and Guilherme [Gutachter] Wood. "Effects of somatosensory alpha neurofeedback training on stimulation-induced tactile learning / Marion Brickwedde ; Gutachter: Hubert R. Dinse, Dirk Jancke, Guilherme Wood ; Fakultät für Maschinenbau." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202608841/34.
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Graczyk, Emily Lauren. "Natural Perceptual Characteristics and Psychosocial Impacts of Touch Evoked by Peripheral Nerve Stimulation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1522943665759439.
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DEL, VECCHIO MARIA. "Funzioni di alto livello nella corteccia somatosensoriale secondaria (SII)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1201001.
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Le proprietà della corteccia somato-sensoriale secondaria (SII) sono state largamente discusse in molteplici studi sia nella scimmia, sia nell’uomo, suggerendo che quest’area assolva funzioni di alto livello nel processamento dello stimolo tattile, quali, ad esempio, l’apprendimento o la memoria. Recentemente, alcuni studi su scimmia hanno evidenziato che, oltre agli stimoli somato-sensoriali, SII risponde anche alla stimolazione dello spazio peri-personale, all’esecuzione di azioni, alla vista di oggetti in movimento ed all’osservazione di azioni, candidando SII ad essere un’area complessa, non limitata a sole funzioni somato-sensoriali.
Partendo dallo studio delle risposte di SII agli stimoli tattili, lo scopo di questa tesi è di investigare la risposta di quest’area a stimoli complessi, con particolare attenzione a task di integrazione visuo-tattile e all’osservazione di azioni nell’uomo. Con queste finalità, gli esperimenti presentati sono stati condotti mediante elettroencefalografia stereotassica (stereo-EEG) su pazienti epilettici farmaco-resistenti, impiantati come parte della loro valutazione pre-chirurgica.
In una prima fase, sono stati studiati la distribuzione spaziale ed il profilo temporale delle risposte intra-corticali alla stimolazione del nervo mediano controlaterale ed ipsilaterale. I risultati ottenuti indicano che mentre la corteccia somato-sensoriale primaria (SI), il giro precentrale ed il solco intra-parietale rispondono solo alla stimolazione controlaterale, la corteccia somato-sensoriale secondaria e l’insula posteriore sono attivate bilateralmente. Inoltre, queste ultime sono caratterizzate da una risposta tonica e duratura nel tempo. Questa potrebbe rappresentare un meccanismo di ritenzione temporale dell’informazione tattile ed essere l’espressione di funzioni di alto livello quali appunto la memoria e l’apprendimento degli stimoli.
Nella seconda sezione della tesi, per testare il possibile coinvolgimento dell’opercolo parietale nell’integrazione visuo-tattile, la stimolazione del nervo mediano controlaterale è stata somministrata congiuntamente ad una stimolazione visiva (i.e. flash). I risultati ottenuti evidenziano un aumento in ampiezza della componente tonica, se comparato alla sola stimolazione tattile, localizzato nell’insula posteriore e nelle porzioni più rostrali dell’opercolo parietale mentre SII mostra un comportamento del tutto inalterato. Tuttavia, tenendo in considerazione che studi su primati non umani riportano risposte visiva in SII a stimoli biologici, sono necessarie ulteriori indagini per comprendere quale tipologia di stimolazione determina l’attivazione di quest’area.
Infine, la terza parte della tesi mostra le risposte intra-corticali di SI e SII ad un task motorio che include compiti di afferramento e manipolazione di oggetti, e all’osservazione delle stesse azioni eseguite da un altro individuo. I risultati evidenziano un’attivazione bilaterale di SII, sia durante l’esecuzione sia durante l’osservazione di azioni, con un profilo temporale sincrono. Al contrario SI è attiva solo durante l’esecuzione: l’input a SI durante l’osservazione non ha dunque una natura somato-sensoriale ma piuttosto deve essere sostenuto da un circuito visuo-motorio capace di operare in maniera simultanea.
In conclusione, questa tesi dimostra il ruolo cruciale di SII non solo nel processamento degli stimoli tattili ma anche nell’integrazione di stimoli visuo-motori.The somatosensory properties of the second somatosensory cortex (SII) have been largely described by many studies in both monkeys and humans, suggesting for this area a high-order role in tactile stimulation processing with functions including tactile learning and memory. More interestingly, recent studies on monkeys showed that beyond somatosensory stimuli, SII responds to a wider number of stimuli including peripersonal space stimulation, active movements, observation of objects displacement and action observation. Taking into account these results, SII is a candidate to be more than just a somatosensory area. Starting from its somatosensory properties, this thesis aims to disentangle the role of SII in more complex tasks with particular attention to visuo-tactile integration and action observation in humans. To this purpose, the experiments presented in this thesis are carried with stereotactic electroencephalography (stereo-EEG) on drug-resistant epileptic patients to take advantage of its high temporal and spatial resolution. Firstly, I investigated the spatial distribution and the temporal profile of the intracortical responses to both contralateral and ipsilateral median nerve stimulation. Results indicated that while the primary somatosensory area, precentral gyrus and intra-parietal sulcus respond only to the contralateral stimulation, the secondary somatosensory cortex and posterior insula are activated bilaterally. Furthermore, these regions exhibit a tonic long-lasting temporal profile, which might represent a mechanism of temporal retention of the tactile information, and thus be the signature of high-level somatosensory functions such as tactile memory and awareness. In a second stage of the thesis, to test the possible involvement of parietal operculum in visuo-tactile integration, we administered to patients contralateral median nerve stimulation jointly with visual stimulation (i.e. flash) to about 100 drug-resistant epileptic patients. Results underline an enhancement of the tonic components relative to tactile stimulation only, limited to posterior insula and to the rostral areas of parietal operculum, with SII maintaining an unaltered behavior. Considering previous findings in non-human primates, which reported visual responses in SII in response to biological stimuli, further researches are needed to understand which threshold in the stimulus might determine the eventual activation of this area. With this aim, the third part of this thesis presents the intracortical responses of both SI and SII to a motor task requiring reaching, grasping and manipulation, as well as to the observation of the same actions performed by another individual. The results obtained highlighted that SII activates bilaterally, both during the execution and the observation of actions, with a synchronous temporal profile. Conversely, SI activates only during the execution, leading to the conclusion that the input to SII during the observation condition has not a somatosensory nature, but rather that it is sustained by visuo-motor circuits operating simultaneously. Taking together all the evidence, this thesis demonstrates the pivotal role of SII not only in somatosensory functions, as largely reported in literature, but also in the integration of visuo-motor stimuli.
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Wittenberg, Marc André [Verfasser], Alfons [Gutachter] Schnitzler, and Christian [Gutachter] Bellebaum. "Investigating the Role of Neuronal Oscillations in Tactile Temporal Perception using Magnetoencephalography and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation / Marc André Wittenberg ; Gutachter: Alfons Schnitzler, Christian Bellebaum." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236753577/34.
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FARES, HODA. "Distributed Sensing and Stimulation Systems Towards Sense of Touch Restoration in Prosthetics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/998183.
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Modern prostheses aim at restoring the functional and aesthetic characteristics of the lost limb. To foster prosthesis embodiment and functionality, it is necessary to restitute both volitional control and sensory feedback. Contemporary feedback interfaces presented in research use few sensors and stimulation units to feedback at most two discrete feedback variables (e.g. grasping force and aperture), whereas the human sense of touch relies on a distributed network of mechanoreceptors providing high-fidelity spatial information. To provide this type of feedback in prosthetics, it is necessary to sense tactile information from artificial skin placed on the prosthesis and transmit tactile feedback above the amputation in order to map the interaction between the prosthesis and the environment. This thesis proposes the integration of distributed sensing systems (e-skin) to acquire tactile sensation, and non-invasive multichannel electrotactile feedback and virtual reality to deliver high-bandwidth information to the user. Its core focus addresses the development and testing of close-loop sensory feedback human-machine interface, based on the latest distributed sensing and stimulation techniques for restoring the sense of touch in prosthetics. To this end, the thesis is comprised of two introductory chapters that describe the state of art in the field, the objectives and the used methodology and contributions; as well as three studies distributed over stimulation system level and sensing system level.
The first study presents the development of close-loop compensatory tracking system to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of electrotactile sensory feedback in enabling real-time close-loop control in prosthetics. It examines and compares the subject’s adaptive performance and tolerance to random latencies while performing the dynamic control task (i.e. position control) and simultaneously receiving either visual feedback or electrotactile feedback for communicating the momentary tracking error. Moreover, it reported the minimum time delay needed for an abrupt impairment of users’ performance. The experimental results have shown that electrotactile feedback performance is less prone to changes with longer delays. However, visual feedback drops faster than electrotactile with increased time delays. This is a good indication for the effectiveness of electrotactile feedback in enabling close- loop control in prosthetics, since some delays are inevitable.
The second study describes the development of a novel non-invasive compact multichannel interface for electrotactile feedback, containing 24 pads electrode matrix, with fully programmable stimulation unit, that investigates the ability of able-bodied human subjects to localize the electrotactile stimulus delivered through the electrode matrix. Furthermore, it designed a novel dual parameter -modulation (interleaved frequency and intensity) and compared it to conventional stimulation (same frequency for all pads). In addition and for the first time, it compared the electrotactile stimulation to mechanical stimulation. More, it exposes the integration of virtual prosthesis with the developed system in order to achieve better user experience and object manipulation through mapping the acquired real-time collected tactile data and feedback it simultaneously to the user. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed interleaved coding substantially improved the spatial localization compared to same-frequency stimulation. Furthermore, it showed that same-frequency stimulation was equivalent to mechanical stimulation, whereas the performance with dual-parameter modulation was significantly better.
The third study presents the realization of a novel, flexible, screen- printed e-skin based on P(VDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymers, that would cover the fingertips and the palm of the prosthetic hand (particularly the Michelangelo hand by Ottobock) and an assistive sensorized glove for stroke patients. Moreover, it developed a new validation methodology to examine the sensors behavior while being solicited. The characterization results showed compatibility between the expected (modeled) behavior of the electrical response of each sensor to measured mechanical (normal) force at the skin surface, which in turn proved the combination of both fabrication and assembly processes was successful. This paves the way to define a practical, simplified and reproducible characterization protocol for e-skin patches
In conclusion, by adopting innovative methodologies in sensing and stimulation systems, this thesis advances the overall development of close-loop sensory feedback human-machine interface used for restoration of sense of touch in prosthetics. Moreover, this research could lead to high-bandwidth high-fidelity transmission of tactile information for modern dexterous prostheses that could ameliorate the end user experience and facilitate it acceptance in the daily life.
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Master, Sabah. "Motor Control and Perception during Haptic Sensing: Effects of Varying Attentional Demand, Stimuli and Age." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23548.
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This thesis describes a series of experiments in human observers using neurophysiological and behavioural approaches to investigate the effects of varying haptic stimuli, attentional demand and age on motor control and perception during haptic sensing (i.e., using the hand to seek sensory information by touch). In Experiments I-IV, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to explore changes in corticomotor excitability when participants were actively engaged in haptic sensing tasks. These studies showed that corticospinal excitability, as reflected in motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, was greatly enhanced when participants were engaged in different forms of haptic sensing. Interestingly, this extra corticomotor facilitation was absent when participants performed finger movements without haptic sensing or when attention was diverted away from haptic input by a concurrent cognitive task (Exp I). This provided strong evidence that the observed corticomotor facilitation was likely central in origin and related to haptic attention. Neuroimaging has shown activation of the parieto-frontal network likely subserves this aspect of haptic perception. Further, this haptic-specific corticomotor facilitation was finely modulated depending on whether participants focused attention on identifying material (texture) as opposed to geometric properties of scanned surfaces (Exp II). With regards to aging effects, haptic-related corticomotor facilitation was associated with higher recognition accuracy in seniors (Exp III). In line with this, seniors exhibited similar levels of haptic-related corticomotor facilitation to young adults when task demands were adjusted for age (Exp IV). Interestingly, both young and senior adults also showed substantial corticomotor facilitation in the ‘resting’ hand when the ipsilateral hand was engaged in haptic sensing (Exp IV). Simply touching the stimulus without being required to identify its properties (no attentional task demands) produced no extra corticomotor facilitation in either hand or age group, attesting again to the specificity of the effects with regards to haptic attention. In Experiments V-VI, the ability to recognise 2-D letters by touch was investigated using kinematic and psychophysical measures. In Experiment V, we characterized how age affected contact forces deployed at the fingertip. This investigation showed that older adults exhibited lower normal force and increased letter-to-letter variability in normal force when compared to young adults. This difference in contact force likely contributed to longer contact times and lower recognition accuracy in older adults, suggesting a central contribution to age-related declines in haptic perception. Consistent with this interpretation, Experiment VI showed that haptic letter recognition in older adults was characterized not only by lower recognition accuracy but also by substantial increases in response times and specific patterns of confusion between letters. All in all, these investigations highlight the critical interaction of central factors such as attentional demand with aging effects on motor and perceptual aspects of haptic sensing. Of particular significance is the clear demonstration that corticomotor excitability is greatly enhanced when a haptic sensing component (i.e., attending to specific haptic features) is added to simple finger movements performed at minimal voluntary effort levels (typically <15 % of the maximal effort). These observations underline the therapeutic potential of active sensory training strategies based on haptic sensing tasks for the re-education of motor and perceptual deficits in hand function (e.g., subsequent to a stroke). The importance of adjusting attentional demands and stimuli is highlighted, particularly with regards to special considerations in the aging population.
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Mendes, Eliane Norma Wagner. "Efeitos da estimulação tátil e cinestésica em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12118.
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Estudar os efeitos da estimulação tátil e cinestésica materna durante a hospitalização de recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado e cego onde foram incluídos recémnascidos pré-termo com peso de nascimento entre 750 g e 1500 g e idade gestacional ≤ 32 semanas. Os critérios de exclusão foram: óbito antes de completar 48 horas de vida, presença de malformações maiores e recusa dos pais em participar do estudo. Os recém-nascidos foram divididos em dois grupos: o grupo intervenção (GI), que recebeu o cuidado padrão e a estimulação tátil e cinestésica, até quatro sessões por dia de 15 minutos de duração cada uma, e o grupo controle (GC), que recebeu exclusivamente o cuidado padrão.Participaram do estudo 104 recém-nascidos, 52 em cada grupo. Os grupos foram similares quanto à idade gestacional (GI: 29,7 1,6 sem.; GC:29,4 1,6 sem.), ao peso de nascimento (GI:1186 194 g; GC:1156 198 g), ao sexo, à incidência de PIG, à mediana do SNAPPE-II e ao número de óbitos. Os ganhos de peso, de comprimento e de perímetro cefálico foram semelhantes nos grupos. A ocorrência de sepse tardia foi significativamente superior no grupo controle (GI: 10,8%, n=5; GC:38,3%, n=18, p=0.005). O grupo intervenção recebeu alta hospitalar 7 dias antes do grupo controle (GI: 42 dias; IC 95%: 38-46 dias; GC: 49 dias; IC 95%: 42-56 dias). Pela regressão de Cox, o grupo intervenção teve a Hazard Rate de 1,85 (IC95%:1,09-3,13; p=0,023) para alta precoce. Conclusão: A estimulação tátil e cinestésica realizada pela mãe diminui o tempo de hospitalização e a freqüência de sepse neonatal tardia em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso.Aim: To study the effect of maternal tactile-kinesthetic stimulation on hospital stay and incidence of sepsis in very low birth weight infants. Methods: A masked randomized study was performed including infants of birth weight ≥ 750 and ≤ 1500 grams and gestational age ≤ 32 weeks were included. Exclusion criteria were: death before completing 48 hours after birth, presence of major malformations and parents’ refusing to participate in the study. Neonates were divided into: intervention group (IG) (standard care plus maternal tactile-kinesthetic stimulation, up to four daily sessions of 15 minutes each) and control group (CG). Results: In total, 104 very low birth weight infants were included, 52 in each group. Both groups were similar in gestational age (IG: 29.7 1.6; CG: 29.4 1.6 weeks), birth weight (IG: 1186 194; CG: 1156 198 grams), gender, number of small for gestational age infants, SNAPPE-II median score, and number of deaths. Gains in weight, length and head circumference during hospital stay were similar when comparing both groups. The incidence of late-onset sepsis was significantly lower in the intervention group (IG: 10.8%, n=5; CG: 38.3%, n=18, p=0.005). The intervention group was discharged from hospital 7 days before the control group (GI: 42; CI 95%: 38 – 46; CG: 49; CI 95%: 42 – 56). Using Cox regression model, the intervention group presented 1.85 HR (CI 95%:1.09-3.13; p=0.023) for early discharge. Conclusions: Maternal tactile-kinesthetic stimulation in very low birth weight infants decreases the length of hospital stay and the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis.
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Effenberg, Anna [Verfasser]. "Alternative therapies for Morbus Parkinson: Effects of tactile stimulation in a rodent model of Parkinson´s disease and induced pluripotent stem cells as a new source for neurotransplantation–therapy / Anna Effenberg." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054310831/34.
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Cuberovic, Ivana. "Understanding factors affecting perception and utilization of artificial sensory location." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1574075500769757.
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Bayer, Ferdinand [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Dresel, Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Zimmer, and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Haslinger. "Abnormal somatosensory activation patterns in orofacial dystonia and their modulation by botulinum toxin examined by a fully automated tactile stimulation device in fMRI / Ferdinand Bayer. Gutachter: Claus Zimmer ; Bernhard Haslinger. Betreuer: Christian Dresel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022885685/34.
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Barbosa, Everton Horiquini. "Avaliação morfológica e morfométrica dos efeitos da estimulação tátil neonatal sobre o nervo óptico de ratos Wistar hígidos ou submetidos a uma dieta deficiente em ferro no período pós-natal precoce." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-29112013-193525/.
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Diante da deficiência de ferro que leva a processos degenerativos do sistema nervoso central e da estimulação tátil neonatal como uma estratégia não invasiva e promissora para atenuar os déficits causados pela degeneração, assim, justifica-se comparar em ratos submetidos à dieta deficiente em ferro (A - 4mg/kg) ou dieta adequada em ferro (C - 35mg/kg) os efeitos da estimulação tátil neonatal, em relação aos aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos das células gliais, fibras mielínicas e vasos sanguíneos do nervo óptico, aos 18, 22 e 32 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 12 ninhadas de ratos Wistar, compostas por 12 ratas-mãe e 72 filhotes machos recém-nascidos, que por sua vez, foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a dieta submetida às ratas-mãe (A e C). Metade das ninhadas do grupo A e C foram submetidas à estimulação tátil (E) e a outra metade não recebeu nenhuma forma de estímulo (N). Resultando, portanto, nos seguintes grupos experimentais: grupo controle não estimulado (CN), grupo controle estimulado (CE), grupo anêmico não estimulado (AN), e grupo anêmico estimulado (AE), cada grupo foi composto por 3 ratas-mães e 18 filhotes. Aos 18, 22 e 32 dias de vida, seis animais de cada grupo experimental foram profundamente anestesiados e perfundidos por via transcardíaca. Os nervos ópticos foram cuidadosamente dissecados com o auxílio de um estereomicroscópio (Stemi DRC, Carl Zeiss) e esses fragmentos foram refixados em tetróxido de ósmio a 1% em tampão fosfato e então processados para inclusão em araldite. Na análise dos aspectos morfológicos dos nervos ópticos dos ratos do grupo AN, foi observada grande quantidade de fibras com aumento do diâmetro axônal indicando aumento de líquido intracelular e, por conseguinte edema axônal. Ainda, foram encontradas bainhas de mielina desconfiguradas, caracterizando frouxidão lamelar ou desprendimento da bainha de mielina de seu axônio, além do mais, é notório o aumento de espaços entre as fibras. Os astrócitos e os oligodendrócitos também demonstravam sinais claros de sofrimento celular, apresentando deformidades da membrana nuclear, como invaginação ou irregularidade do envelope nuclear. Os nervos ópticos dos ratos anêmicos e submetidos à estimulação neonatal apresentaram diminuição dos efeitos deletérios da deficiência de ferro. Não houve diferença das características dos nervos ópticos dos grupos CN e CE. De acordo com o resultado de quantificação de células gliais, constata-se que os animais alimentados com dieta inadequada em ferro apresentaram maior quantidade de astrócitos e menor quantidade de oligodendrócitos em todas as idades estudadas e essas medidas não são alteradas pela estimulação tátil neonatal. A quantificação de vasos sanguíneos mostra que a dieta deficiente em ferro não tem qualquer efeito sobre a densidade de vasos, entretanto a estimulação tátil neonatal aumenta significativamente o número de vasos no nervo óptico. A quantificação revelou grande aumento de fibras nervosas mielínicas lesadas nos animais que se alimentaram com dieta deficiente em ferro e também revelou que a estimulação tátil neonatal diminui o número de fibras lesadas. Os dados do presente estudo mostram que animais alimentados com dieta deficiente em ferro sofrem alterações celulares importantes durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal precoce do nervo óptico quando comparados com controle. Também é possível notar que a estimulação tátil neonatal, realizada no período crítico do desenvolvimento do SNC foi eficaz, minimizando a quantidade de fibras mielínicas lesadas e aumentando a quantidade de vasos sanguíneos.Previous studies showed that iron deficiency leads to degenerative processes in the CNS and neonatal tactile stimulation is a noninvasive and promising strategy to attenuate the deficits caused by the degeneration, it is important to compare in rats, subjected to iron-deficient diet (A - 4mg/kg) or iron-adequate diet (C - 35mg/kg), the effects of neonatal tactile stimulation on the morphometric aspects of the optic nerve, such as the quantification of glial cells, blood vessels and myelinated fibers, at 18, 22 and 32 days of age. A total of twelve litters of Wistar rats was used, consisting of 12 dam and 72 male newborns, which were divided into two groups according to the diet given to the dam (A and C). Half of the litters in group A and C was subjected to tactile stimulation (E) and the other half received no stimulation (N). Finally, resulting in four experimental groups: non-stimulated control group (CN), stimulated control group (CE), the non-stimulated anemic group (AN), and the stimulated anemic group (AE), each group consisted of 3 dam and 18 pups. At 18, 22 and 32 days of life, six pups of each group was anesthetized and sacrificed by transcardiac perfusion. The optic nerve of the pups was dissected and immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide and embedded in araldite. Morphological analysis of the AN group showed that a large amount of fibers with increased axonal diameter which indicates excessive intracellular fluid and therefore axonal swelling. Furthermore, it was found disarranged myelin sheaths, characterized by lamellar loose or myelin detached from its axon. In addition, there was an increase of spaces between the fibers. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also showed clear signs of cell suffering, with deformities of the nuclear membrane, such as invagination or irregularity of the nuclear envelope. The analysis of the AE group showed a decrease of the deleterious effects of iron deficiency. There was no difference in the characteristics of the optic nerves of CN and CE groups. According to the result of glial cells quantification, it was found that animals fed with iron-deficient diet had a higher amount of astrocytes and a lower amount of oligodendrocytes at all ages studied, and these numbers were not altered by tactile stimulation. The blood vessels quantification shows that the iron-deficient diet has no effect on the vessel density, however, the neonatal tactile stimulation increased significantly the number of vessels in optic nerve. Morphometry showed a significant increase of the number of damaged fibers on optic nerve of animals that were fed with iron-deficient diet and neonatal tactile stimulation reduced the number of damaged fibers in these animals. The present study showed that animals fed with iron-deficient diet presented significant cellular changes during the early postnatal development of the optic nerve compared with their paired controls. It was also noted that the neonatal tactile stimulation, performed during the critical period of development of the CNS was effective, minimizing the amount of damaged fibers and increasing the amount of blood vessels.
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Barbosa, Everton Horiquini. "Interação entre deficiência de ferro e estimulação tátil: avaliação ultraestrutural do nervo óptico de ratos Wistar no período pós-natal precoce." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-21052018-163829/.
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A deficiência de ferro é a carência nutricional mais frequente no mundo, uma vez que a população de crianças é uma das que mais sofre com essa condição. É sabido que o desenvolvimento cerebral é determinado não apenas por um plano genético, mas sim por uma forte interação de fatores genéticos e ambientais. Evidências emergentes sugerem que a estimulação precoce pode oferecer grande eficácia terapêutica, uma vez que o cérebro é notavelmente responsivo a essa interação com o ambiente. Dado que a estimulação tátil (TS) tem sido previamente demonstrada ser uma abordagem terapêutica eficaz e com potencial aplicação em seres humanos, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a exposição à estimulação tátil desde o dia pós-natal (P) 1 até P32 durante 3 min/dia, poderia ser utilizada para prevenir alterações estruturais do nervo óptico de ratos mantidos com uma dieta deficiente em ferro durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal. Foram utilizados 72 ratos machos recém-nascidos (Wistar), sendo que as ratas-lactantes foram mantidas com dieta isocalórica com 35mg/Fe por kg de ração (Grupo ANTS) ou com 4mg/Fe por kg de ração (Grupo DNTS) durante todo o período de lactação e os filhotes receberam a dieta de suas respectivas ratas-lactantes após o desmame (P22-32). Metade dos filhotes de cada grupo foi submetida à TS diária (Grupo ATS e DTS), durante todo o período experimental (P01-32). Foram realizadas análises estrutural e ultraestrutural, em 3 diferentes idades, para avaliar a integridade tecidual e também a fim de determinar se as mudanças observadas na citoarquitetura do nervo óptico foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos e idades. Verificou-se que os animais mantidos com dieta deficiente em ferro apresentaram baixo peso corporal a partir do desmame, revelando uma curva de crescimento menos acentuada. A baixa concentração de hemoglobina e hematócritos indicam que esses animais sofreram com anemia severa em todos os períodos estudados. A análise ultraestrutural qualitativa mostrou que a deficiência de ferro imposta durante o período crítico do desenvolvimento leva a sérios danos as fibras das células ganglionares da retina, com efeitos sobre o envoltório de mielina que frequentemente apresentou afrouxamento lamelar e em idades mais avançadas foram encontradas degenerações mielínicas e axonais. A análise ultraestrutural quantitativa mostrou que a dieta deficiente em ferro leva a um atraso no processo de mielinização que pode ser parcialmente revertido pelo tratamento com estimulação tátil. Além disso, fica claro que as fibras de menor diâmetro são mais sensíveis às lesões geradas pela deficiência de ferro e também ao tratamento, enquanto que as fibras de maior diâmetro são afetadas de forma desproporcional tanto pela deficiência de ferro quanto pela estimulação tátil. As lesões sugerem que a transmissão dos sinais elétricos pode estar prejudicada, interferindo com as funções normais do sistema visual.Iron deficiency has a critical impact on maturational mechanisms of the brain and the damage related to neuroanatomical parameters is not satisfactorily reversed after iron replacement. However, emerging evidence suggest that enriched early experience may offer great therapeutic efficacy in cases of nutritional disorders postnatally, since the brain is remarkably responsive to its interaction with the environment. Given the fact that tactile stimulation (TS) treatment has been previously shown to be an effective therapeutic approach and with potential application to humans, here we ask whether exposure to TS treatment, from postnatal day (P) 1 to P32 for 3 min/day, could also be employed to prevent neuroanatomical changes in the optic nerve of rats maintained on an iron-deficient diet during brain development. It was verified that the animals maintained with iron deficient diet presented low weight from the weaning, revealing a lower growth curve. The low concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrits indicate that these animals suffered from severe anemia in all studied periods. The qualitative ultrastructural analysis showed that the iron deficiency imposed during the critical period of development leads to serious damage to the fibers from retinal ganglion cells, with effects on the myelin sheath that frequently presented lamellar loosening and myelin degenerations and axonal at more advanced age. Quantitative ultrastructural analysis has shown that the iron deficient diet leads to a delay in the myelination process that can be partially reversed by treatment with tactile stimulation. In addition, it is clear that the smaller diameter fibers are more sensitive to the iron deficiency and also to the treatment, whereas the larger fibers are disproportionately affected by both iron deficiency and tactile stimulation. The lesions suggest that the transmission of electrical signals may be impaired, interfering with the normal functions of the visual system.
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Boufleur, Nardeli. "INFLUÊNCIA DO MANUSEIO NEONATAL SOBRE OS EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE EMOCIONAL E SUA INTERAÇÃO COM FÁRMACO BENZODIAZEPÍNICO EM RATOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8958.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorExposure of rodents to stimuli like neonatal handling, have been described to cause behavioral and physiological benefits in adulthood. On the other hand, exposure to adults to stressful environments can result in emotional and neuropsychiatric pathologies. This study aimed to investigate the possible influence of two forms of neonatal handling as tactile stimulation (TS) and maternal separation (MS) on the emotional status of rats exposed to chronic mils stress (CMS) grouped housing, lights on overnight, damp sawdust and others. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate if neonatal TS could modify anxiolytic effects observed with a low dose of a benzodiazepine drug in adult rats. In the first study, male Wistar pups were submitted daily to TS or MS, from postnatal day one (PND1) to PND21, for 10 min. Unhandled (UH) animails remained in next without any manipulation. In adulthood (PND67), half the animals of each group were exposed to the CMS for 3 weeks and observed in sucrose preference (SP), elevated plus-maze (EPM) and defensive burying test (DBT), followed by euthanasia for biochemical and hormonal assessments. CMS reduced SP, increased anxiety on EPM and DBT and increased adrenal weight. In addition, some parameters of antioxidant defenses in plasma, hippocampus and cortex were altered with exposure to CMS, whereas an increase in protein oxidation in hippocampus and cortex also were observed. In contrast, both forms of neonatal handling were able to prevent changes in SP, anxiety behavior on DBT and adrenal weight CMS-induced. Furthermore, they also prevented alterations in antioxidant defenses in plasma, hippocampus and cortex and protein oxidation in hippocampus. Only TS prevented CMS-induced anxiety symptoms on EPM and protein oxidation in cortex. Furthermore, TS was associated with lower levels of cortisol than in UH rats before and after CMS exposure. Since TS presented better results, we performed a second experiment only with this neonatal handling. In adulthood, the animals received a single administration of diazepam (DZP) (0.25 mg/kg body weight-i.p.) or vehicle (V) and were submitted to behavioral evaluations. DZP treatment reduced anxiety-like behaviors in EPM and increased exploration in EPM, staircase and open field tasks only in TS group. Considering UH animals, DZP treatment only increased exploration in staircase test. TS animals treated with DZP presented reduced anxiety-like behaviors in many parameters of EPM test, increased exploratory behavior in staircase and open field tasks and less immobility in DBT. The results of this study showed the protective role of neonatal handling, especially TS, which may enhance ability to cope with stressful situations in adulthood and affect the response for benzodiazepine substances during this period.
A exposição de roedores a estímulos como o manuseio neonatal, tem sido descrita por causar alterações comportamentais e fisiológicas benéficas na vida adulta. Já a exposição de animais adultos a ambientes estressantes, pode resultar em prejuízos emocionais e patologias neuro-psiquiátricas. Este estudo objetivou investigar a possível influência de dois tipos de manuseio neonatal, estimulação tátil (ET) e separação materna (SM), sobre o estado emocional de ratos após exposição ao estresse crônico e moderado (ECM) superlotação, distúrbio do ciclo claro/escuro, serragem molhada entre outros. Também objetivamos avaliar se a ET neonatal poderia modificar os efeitos ansiolíticos observados com uma baixa dose de fármaco benzodiazepínico nos animais adultos. No 1º estudo, filhotes machos de ratos Wistar foram submetidos diariamente à ET ou SM desde o dia pós-natal 1 (DPN1) até o DPN21, durante 10 minutos. Os animais não manuseados (NM) permaneceram no ninho sem nenhuma manipulação. Na vida adulta (DPN67), metade dos animais de cada grupo foram expostos ao ECM durante 3 semanas e observados no teste de preferência pela sacarose (PS), labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) e teste defensivo de cavocar (TDC), seguido de eutanásia para avaliações bioquímicas e hormonais. O ECM reduziu a PS, aumentou a ansiedade no LCE e TDC e aumentou o peso das adrenais. Alguns parâmetros de defesas antioxidants em plasma, hipocampo e córtex foram alterados pela exposição ao ECM, enquanto um aumento da oxidação proteica em hipocampo e córtex também foram observados. Ambas as formas de manuseio neonatal foram capazes de prevenir as mudanças na PS, ansiedade no TDC e peso das adrenais. Também preveniram as alterações nas defesas antioxidants em plasma, hipocampo e córtex e a oxidação proteica no hipocampo. Apenas a ET preveniu a ansiedade induzida pelo ECM no LCE e a oxidação proteica no córtex. Além disso, a ET foi associada aos menores níveis de cortisol comparado aos ratos NM antes e após a exposição ao estresse. Uma vez que a ET apresentou melhores resultados, realizamos um 2º experimento apenas com essa forma de manuseio neonatal. Na vida adulta, os animais receberam uma única administração de diazepam (DZP) (0.25 mg/Kg peso corporal-i.p.) ou veículo (V), e foram submetidos às avaliações comportamentais. O tratamento com DZP reduziu comportamentos de ansiedade no LCE e aumentou a exploração no LCE, no teste da escada e campo aberto apenas no grupo ET. Considerando os animais NM, o tratamento com DZP apenas aumentou a exploração no teste da escada. Os animais do grupo ET tratados com DZP apresentaram menor ansiedade em vários parâmetros do LCE, maior comportamento exploratório no teste da escada e campo aberto e menor imobilidade no TDC. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram o papel protetor do manuseio neonatal, especialmente da ET, a qual pode melhorar a habilidade para lidar com situações estressantes na vida adulta e afetar a resposta a substâncias benzodiazepínicas nesse período.
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Cabral, Alicia. ""Efeitos do trauma sub-aquático e da estimulação tátil na resposta de exploração do labirinto em cruz elevado em ratos desnutridos"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-30052006-164403/.
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O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do trauma sub-aquático e da estimulação tátil, a longo prazo, no comportamento exploratório de animais submetidos à desnutrição protéica precoce, no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Sabe-se que a desnutrição protéica precoce, além de provocar redução no peso corporal e cerebral, produz alterações estruturais, neuroquímicas e funcionais no Sistema Nervoso Central, levando a alterações no comportamento. Utilizou-se ratos machos provenientes de ninhadas controle (16% de proteína) ou desnutridas (6% de proteína), após o desmame. Os animais receberam ou não estimulação tátil do nascimento aos 70 dias de idade. No 71º dia, os animais de cada grupo foi submetida ao trauma sub-aquático por 60 segundos, e testada por 5 minutos no LCE. A desnutrição protéica reduziu o peso corporal tanto das ratas-mães quanto dos filhotes. Quando testados no LCE, os animais desnutridos apresentaram-se menos ansiosos e/ou mais impulsivos. A estimulação tátil recuperou parte do peso dos filhotes desnutridos, porém apresentou caráter ansiogênico. O trauma sub-aquático diminuiu a exploração dos braços abertos nos grupos desnutridos. Os dados sugerem que os efeitos da dieta dependem da interação com outros fatores ambientais como a estimulação tátil e o trauma sub-aquático.Early protein malnutrition, besides reducing body and brain weights, causes structural, neurochemical and functional changes in Central Nervous System, leading to behavioral alterations. The principal aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of sub-aquatic trauma and chronic tactile stimulation on the exploratory behavior of malnourished rats, in the elevated plus-maze test (EPM). For this purpose, we used male rats fed by lactating female rats, receiving either 6% (malnourished) or 16% (well-nourished) protein diets. After weaning (21 days), the animals continued to receive the same diets as in the lactating period until 49 days of age, when they all started to receive a regular lab chow diet period of nutritional recovery for the malnourished rats. Control and malnourished animals were divided in two groups: the first one received tactile stimulation from birth to 70 days of age, while the other group was not stimulated. On day 71st, half of the animals of each group was submitted to the sub-aquatic trauma for 60 seconds and tested for 5 minutes in the EPM, while the others were kept in their cages before the test. Protein malnutrition reduced the body weight of the dams as well as of the pups. When tested in EPM, malnourished animals showed less anxiety and/or more impulsiveness. Tactile stimulation recovered part of the weight of the malnourished animals, although it presented an anxiogenic profile. Sub-aquatic trauma decreased the open arms exploration. These data suggest that the effects of the diet are dependent on the interaction between tactile stimulation and sub-aquatic trauma.
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XAIZ, ANNALISA. "Coding one's own body: an investigation of neural, cognitive and personality determinants of self-recognition." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19316.
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In the last decade, research on visual perception of the human body remarkably increased, especially following the discovery of the Extrastriate Body Area, an occipito-temporal region selectively involved in body-processing (Downing et al., 2001). However, an intriguing issue is to what extent a specific kind of body representation in the brain is devoted to the knowledge of the bodily self. Research on the visual recognition of the self-body, in particular, is still scarce, especially if compared to the extensive body of research devoted to the recognition of self-face. In the present thesis, a systematic investigation of unexplored aspects of self-body and self-face recognition is presented, with particular focus on the one side, on the possible neural correlates, and on the other, on the variables of personality that may play a role in these cognitive functions.
Recent work in neuroscience indicates a superiority in the visual processing of one’s own than other people’s body-parts (Frassinetti et al., 2008). Specifically, subjects show higher accuracy when asked to match pictures depicting their own compared to unfamiliar body-parts, the so-called “self advantage”. It remains to be established, however, which cortical regions are involved in this phenomenon. To this aim, in experiments reported in Chapter 2 the causal role of cortical regions specifically involved in body-parts processing (i.e., the right Extrastriate Body Area) and in self-face recognition (i.e., the right Inferior Parietal Lobule) was investigated by means of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. The results did not allow definitive conclusions regarding the role of the cortical areas under investigation for self body-parts recognition; nonetheless, behavioural data seem to suggest that the self-recognition ability is not as universal as generally believed. In particular, the strength of the “self advantage” showed a large degree of variability across participants.
Therefore, the contribution presented in Chapter 3 was aimed at finding some possible determinants that modulate the self-body advantage. Namely, it was examined whether the self-body recognition ability is modulated by implicit and explicit self-esteem, relying upon studies linking the physical self and self-esteem. Two studies were conducted using paradigms assessing covert (Experiment 3) or overt (Experiment 4) self-body recognition (i.e., the matching-to-sample used in previous studies and a new-developed paradigm of overt recognition). Results revealed that the self-body recognition ability is qualified by individual differences in self-esteem, and especially implicit self-esteem, measured with the Implicit Association Test, a widely used procedure for measuring strengths of automatic associations between concepts (Greenwald et al., 1998). Moreover, considering the two studies together, only the implicit self-esteem showed incremental validity in predicting the ability to recognize self body-parts. The results are discussed in terms of the role of individual differences such as implicit self-esteem for cognitive functions such as self-body recognition.
Finally, a study (Experiment 5) was conducted to better address whether self-esteem and other personality traits with strong interpersonal value (i.e., empathy) also correlate with the strength and stability of self-representation. Self-face representation was recently found to be less stable than believed in the past (Tsakiris, 2008). Our findings reveal that higher level of implicit self-esteem correspond to lower susceptibility to the “enfacement” illusion, measured in terms of incorporation of other people’s facial features in the self-face representation following synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation in a mirror-like setting. Moreover, the Perspective Taking component of empathy was found to correlate with the introspective experience of the illusion.
All in all, the present contribution bridges recent research in the cognitive neurosciences and social cognition and points toward a complex interplay among cognitive and personality factors in the domain of self-recognition.
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Chen, Xianze. "Six DOF tactile stimulator for psychophysical investigations." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69787.
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The design of a high performance tactile stimulator with six degrees of freedom for psychometric investigations is the subject of this thesis.In order to design this device, a new mechanism is put forward, which is fully parallel and string driven. It achieves kinematic and dynamic isotropy. From the kinematic and dynamic analysis, the conditions for obtaining the best performance results are derived. These form the basis for the design and lead to a high performance device, which has wide bandwidth, low friction and which is free from backlash. The input and output is fully decoupled, which lead to simple control.
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Streque, Jérémy. "Dispositifs d'Affichage de Sensations Tactiles à Base de Microsystèmes Électro-Mécaniques (MEMS) Magnétiques : Conception, Réalisation et Tests." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697509.
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Les dispositifs de stimulation tactile sont des systèmes destinés à fournir un retour sensoriel à leurs utilisateurs. Ils enrichissent les interfaces homme-machine dans les applications de réalité virtuelle ou augmentée. Ce mémoire traite de l'apport des microsystèmes électromécaniques (MEMS) actionnés magnétiquement à la réalisation d'interfaces de stimulation tactile facilement intégrables.Un état de l'art des solutions d'actionnement mises en œuvre dans les dispositifs existants est proposé, ainsi qu'une définition des besoins pour les applications visées. Les solutions retenues sont basées sur l'actionnement magnétostatique.Les premiers prototypes d'interfaces de stimulation tactile se présentent sous la forme d'un réseau de 4x4 actionneurs élastomériques hybrides avec un pas de 2 mm, combinant microfabrication et techniques de fabrication conventionnelles. La conception et l'élaboration de ces micro-actionneurs est présentée en détail. L'actionnement impulsionnel permet d'atteindre des amplitudes de vibration importantes (jusqu'à 200 µm) et des forces élevées (32mN par actionneur). Des tests sensoriels confirment enfin leur efficacité. Des micro-bobines ont aussi été développées afin de répondre aux besoins des micro-actionneurs magnétiques, ainsi qu'au cahier des charges des interfaces de stimulation tactile. Diverses configurations de micro-bobines adaptées à l'actionnement de puissance sont proposées et réalisées par électrodéposition. Des micro-actionneurs basés sur ces bobines intégrées ont alors été réalisés, puis caractérisés. L'utilité des bobines pour les micro-actionneurs de puissance est alors discutée face aux solutions d'actionnement hybride
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Antoniazzi, Caren Tatiane de David. "INFLUÊNCIA DO MANUSEIO NEONATAL SOBRE A PREFERÊNCIA DE RATOS JOVENS POR DROGAS PSICOESTIMULANTES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9000.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe abusive use of psychostimulant drugs is a common social problem in countries of different cultures, whose incidence is increasing and alarming dimensions taken. Experimentally, some studies have shown the influence of early exposure to stress on changes in patterns of abuse, which may play an important role on the vulnerability to excessive use of psychostimulant drugs in adulthood. On the other hand, procedures such as neonatal tactile stimulation (TS) and neonatal isolation (NI), has been described by interfering with behavioral and neurophysiological parameters, which may persist into adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the conditioned place preference (CPP) and the psychostimulant drugs on anxiety-like symptoms related to abstinence in young rats exposed to TS and NI. In the first experiment, male pups of Wistar rats were subjected daily to TS or NI10 for 10 minutes, or NI60 for 1 hour, from postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND21. The unhandled (UH) animals remained in the nest without any manipulation. At PND41, animals were subjected to CPP protocol induced by cocaine (20mg/kg, i.p.), for 10 days. At PND53, animals were tested for preference, and at PND55 symptoms of anxiety were evaluated on the elevated plus-maze task (EPM). TS and NI10 groups did not show preference on CPP, however UH and NI60 preferred the chamber associated with drug. In relation to anxiety-like symptoms observed during drug withdrawal, TS and NI10 groups presented higher time spent in the open arms of EPM, showing less anxiety-like behavior. Following the first study, a 2nd experiment was conducted to verify the influence of TS and NI on the CPP induced by amphetamine (AMPH), following the same neonatal handling protocol described in the previous experiment until the PND40, when animals were submitted to a CPP paradigm associated with administration of AMPH (4mg/kg, i.p.) for 8 days. At PND50, following behavioral assessment was observed that NI group had preference for the compartment associated with AMPH, and at PND53 during withdrawal of drug, TS group showed lower preference to compartment associated with drug. The exploratory activity in open field was higher in TS group at PND50, while NI group showed anxiety-like symptoms at PND53. Similarly, animals exposed to TS showed lesser degree of anxiety-like behavior in many different parameters evaluated at EPM and at staircase test, where the exploratory activity also was higher than other handlings. Taken together, these studies showed for the first time that beneficial effects of TS can modify the behavior on CPP paradigm, and influence the anxiety-like symptoms related to withdrawal from cocaine and AMPH. Continuity of studies related to the benefits of TS on reward pathways, neurotransmitter systems and signaling pathways, should be completed in the near future.
O uso abusivo de drogas psicoestimulantes é um problema social comum em países de diferentes culturas, cuja incidência tem tomado dimensões crescentes e alarmantes. Experimentalmente, alguns estudos tem mostrado a influência da exposição precoce ao estresse sobre alterações nos padrões de abuso, a qual pode cumprir um importante papel sobre a vulnerabilidade para o uso excessivo de drogas psicoestimulantes na idade adulta. Por outro lado, procedimentos como estimulação tátil (ET) neonatal e o isolamento neonatal (IN), têm sido descritos por interferir em parâmetros comportamentais e neurofisiológicos, que podem persistir durante a vida adulta. Assim, este estudo objetivou investigar a preferência condicionada de lugar (PCL) a drogas psicoestimulantes e sobre sintomas de ansiedade relacionados à abstinência, em ratos jovens expostos à ET e ao IN. No 1º experimento, filhotes machos de ratos Wistar foram submetidos diariamente à ET ou IN10, por 10 minutos, ou a IN60, por 1 hora, desde o dia pós-natal 1 (DPN1) até o DPN21. Os animais não manuseados (NM) permaneceram no ninho sem qualquer tipo de manipulação. No DPN40, os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo de PCL, induzido por cocaína (20mg/Kg, i.p.), durante 10 dias. No DPN52, os animais foram testados quanto à preferência e no DPN55 foram avaliados sintomas de ansiedade no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Os grupos ET e IN10 não apresentaram PCL, entretanto NM e IN60 preferiram o compartimento associado à droga. Em relação aos sintomas de ansiedade observados durante a abstinência da droga, os grupos ET e IN10, apresentaram maior tempo de permanência nos braços abertos do LCE, mostrando menor grau de ansiedade. Na sequencia do estudo, um 2º experimento foi conduzido, a fim de verificar a influência da ET e do IN sobre a PCL induzida por anfetamina (ANF), seguindo o mesmo protocolo de manuseio descrito no experimento anterior até o DPN40, quando os animais foram submetidos ao protocolo de PCL associado à administração de ANF (4mg/Kg, i.p.), durante 8 dias. No DPN50, após avaliação comportamental, observou-se que o grupo IN apresentou preferência pelo compartimento associado à ANF e no DPN53, durante abstinência da droga, o grupo ET apresentou menor preferência ao compartimento associado à droga. A atividade exploratória em campo aberto foi maior para o grupo ET no DPN50, enquanto o grupo IN apresentou sintomas de ansiedade no DPN53. De forma semelhante, animais expostos à ET mostraram menor grau de ansiedade em diversos parâmetros avaliados no LCE e no teste da escada, onde a atividade exploratória também foi maior do que para outros manuseios. Tomados em conjunto, estes estudos mostraram pela primeira vez que os efeitos benéficos da ET, podem modificar o comportamento frente à PCL, bem como influenciar os sintomas de ansiedade relacionados à abstinência de cocaína e ANF. A continuidade dos estudos relacionados aos benefícios da ET sobre vias de recompensa, sistemas de neurotransmissores e vias de sinalização celular, deverá ser realizada em um futuro breve.
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Oliveira, Lunå Torbjörn. "Implementation av en vibrotaktil alarmklocka : Undersökning av lämpliga input-signaler och parametrar för ett behagligt och alert uppvaknande och tillhörande utvecklingskostnader." Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik och logistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234846.
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Att köra fastän trötthet upplevs är en erkänd trafikfara. Om en förare idag kör när denne är trött klassas det som vårdslöshet i trafiken. Dock är det nästan omöjligt att vid en olycka påvisa att olyckan skedde för att en förare var trött. Det praktiska resultatet är att det lämnas åt föraren att själv avgöra om denne är för trött för att föra fram fordonet säkert. Hela situationen om att vara en trafikfara eller ej lämnas då åt en subjektiv bedömning. I denna rapport undersöks olika sömnstadier, och metoder för att avgöra när och hur det är lämpligast att vakna för att vakna i ett mer alert tillstånd. För att sedan använda de metoder som visar sig vara lämpade som indata och parametrar till en algoritm som ska avgöra när det är som lämpligast att vakna för att vakna mer alert. Rapporten gör också en kalkyl som kan användas för att fastställa prototypens utvecklingskostnader. Arbetet resulterar i en prototyp som föreslår en lösning till problemet med trötthet i trafiken. De kostnader som framkommer i samband med prototyputveckling fastställs och presenteras. Undersökningen och utvecklandet av den tekniska lösningen har delats upp i två moduler och kommer att göras i samverkan med en extern studentgrupp på skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS) vid Kungliga Tekniska högskolan.Driving although experiencing fatigue is a recognized traffic hazard. Today, if a driver is driving despite being tired, it is considered to be reckless driving. However, in the event of an accident, it is almost impossible to prove that the accident occurred because the driver was tired. The practical result is that it is left to the driver to decide if one is too tired or not to drive the vehicle safely. The whole situation of being a traffic hazard or not is then subjected to a subjective assessment. This report examines different sleep stages and methods for determining when it’s most appropriate, and how it’s most appropriate to wake up, with the aim on waking up in a more alert state. Further, to use the methods that prove to be suitable as inputs and parameters of an algorithm. The report also examines different calculations that can be used to determine the development cost of the prototype. The result consists of a prototype that is a beginning on addressing the problem with fatigue in traffic. It also consist of a calculation determining the development cost. The research and development of the technical solution has been divided into two modules and will be done in collaboration with an external student group at School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) at KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
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Alhussain, Amer Qassim Mallah. "Development of a touch stimulator for functional magnetic-resonance imaging." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14053.
Full textAbstract:
A tactile display system has been built with 25 contactors in a 5 × 5 array with 2mm spacing, designed to stimulate the fingertip. The drive mechanism for each contactor is a piezoelectric bimorph, allowing the display to use in functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments (fMRI). The amplitude and frequency of stimulation can be pre-set, and each contactor can be activated separately using a personal computer. The tactile produce a wide variety of time-varying spatial patterns of touch stimulation. The sensation is “natural” and the participants do not find the experience unpleasant. The psychophysics experiment and the first fMRI experiment involved identification of various patterns on the display: the tactile stimulus was stationary or moved in a circle or in a “random” trajectory with no obvious shape. Response was by push buttons. The second fMRI experiment focused on the relationship between the speed of tactile motion and the corresponding activation in the brain, using stimuli moving in a circular trajectory on the tactile display at various speeds in the range 2.9 to 77.9 mm s –1. In the psychophysics experiment, the mean identification score was 80% after only a few minutes’ practice. The results of the first fMRI experiment showed highly significant activations in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices for contrasts of circle or random stimuli with the rest condition; low significant activations in SI and SII were observed for the contrast of stationary stimuli with rest. Broca's area was found to be activated for circle and random stimulation but not for stationary stimulation. Results from the second fMRI experiment showed small speed-sensitive activations in the left side of the brain, mostly in the primary somatosensory cortex. The conclusion in present study was our tactile system can produce different types of tactile patterns and it works inside MRI scanner.