Academic literature on the topic 'Tagalog'

Multiple genetic factors control tillering, a key agronomy trait for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Previously, we reported a dwarf-monoculm mutant (dmc) derived from wheat cultivar Guomai 301, and found that the contents of gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) in the tiller primordia of dmc were significantly higher. Transcriptome analysis indicated that some wheat gibberellin oxidase (TaGAox) genes TaGA20ox-A2, TaGA20ox-B2, TaGA3ox-A2, TaGA20ox-A4, TaGA2ox-A10 and TaGA2ox-B10 were differentially expressed in dmc. Therefore, this study systematically analyzed the roles of gibberellin oxidase genes during wheat tillering. A total of 63 TaGAox genes were identified by whole genome analysis. The TaGAoxs were clustered to four subfamilies, GA20oxs, GA2oxs, GA3oxs and GA7oxs, including seven subgroups based on their protein structures. The promoter regions of TaGAox genes contain a large number of cis-acting elements closely related to hormone, plant growth and development, light, and abiotic stress responses. Segmental duplication events played a major role in TaGAoxs expansion. Compared to Arabidopsis, the gene collinearity degrees of the GAoxs were significantly higher among wheat, rice and maize. TaGAox genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns. The expressions of TaGAox genes (TaGA20ox-B2, TaGA7ox-A1, TaGA2ox10 and TaGA3ox-A2) were significantly affected by exogenous GA3 applications, which also significantly promoted tillering of Guomai 301, but didn’t promote dmc. TaGA7ox-A1 overexpression transgenic wheat lines were obtained by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Genomic PCR and first-generation sequencing demonstrated that the gene was integrated into the wheat genome. Association analysis of TaGA7ox-A1 expression level and tiller number per plant demonstrated that the tillering capacities of some TaGA7ox-A1 transgenic lines were increased. These data demonstrated that some TaGAoxs as well as GA signaling were involved in regulating wheat tillering, but the GA signaling pathway was disturbed in dmc. This study provided valuable clues for functional characterization of GAox genes in wheat.

In this paper the linking particle {nal-ng} in Tagalog is interpreted from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics. It is suggested that Tagalog's deployment of this particle to depend one unit on another across a range of grammatical environments argues for a grammatical theory in which constituency and interdependency are seen as complementary structuring principles, reflecting the experiential and logical subcomponents of Halliday's ideational meta-function. In addition, the challenge posed by Tagalog's apparently interpersonal deployments of the linking particle is addressed.

Abstract The Central district is the government, financial, and business center of Hong Kong. Yet, on Sundays, it turns temporarily into a space densely occupied by migrant domestic workers from the Philippines. It is then that Tagalog emerges as a valuable linguistic resource in the center of Hong Kong, primarily as it is used on commercial signage as well as by speakers of other languages who see the presence of Filipinos – predominantly female domestic workers – as a business opportunity. Other signs in central Hong Kong that include Tagalog are regulatory, indexing the same Filipinos as low status domestic workers. Using the key concepts of sociolinguistic scales (Blommaert, 2007) and center-periphery dynamics (Pietikäinen & Kelly-Holmes, 2013), I analyze the underlying forces relevant to Tagalog’s (and hence its speakers) symbolic centering and peripheralization in Hong Kong’s semiotic landscape.

While many know that baybayin (not alibata) was the system of writing prevalent at the time of the Spanish intrusion, certain misconceptions have remained about baybayin. Some have insisted it was of a useless design being more appropriately thought of as a toy. Others have suggested that only a few within Tagalog society could in fact use this technology. Though unspoken, there is also the belief that baybayin had no place in the Spanish Philippines. Above all is the assumption that baybayin “disappeared” shortly after the Spaniards arrived. By examining indigenous language documents (in this case, documents written in Tagalog by Tagalogs) this essay challenges these misconceptions. Documents written in baybayin by a variety of individuals certainly repudiate the claim that the system was of useless design. And the fact that these documents were used in both Spanish ecclesiastical and civil settings, refutes the view that baybayin had no place in that world. In retracing the work of Fr. Alberto Santamaria and examining documents in the archives of the University of Santo Tomas, this paper proposes that baybayin did not disappear at all.

Western Austronesian languages, like Tagalog, have unique, complex voice systems that require the correct combinations of verbal and nominal markers, raising many questions about their learnability. In this article, we review the experimental and observational studies on both the L1 and L2 acquisition of Tagalog. The reviewed studies reveal error patterns that reflect the complex nature of the Tagalog voice system. The main goal of the article is to present a full picture of commission errors in young Filipino children’s expression of causation and agency in Tagalog by describing patterns of nominal marking and voice marking in L1 Tagalog and L2 Tagalog. It also aims to provide an overview of existing research, as well as characterize research on nominal and verbal acquisition, specifically in terms of research problems, data sources, and methodology. Additionally, we discuss the research gaps in at least fifty years’ worth of studies in the area from the 1960’s to the present, as well as ideas for future research to advance the state of the art.

Abstract In this paper the interpersonal grammar of Tagalog is explored from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. Following a brief metafunctional profile of Tagalog grammar, a framework for interpreting the discourse function of Tagalog clauses is introduced – exchange structure. Subsequently the systems of mood, polarity, modality, tagging, vocation, comment and engagement are considered, alongside their realisation in tone, clause structure and lexical selection. The role played by these interpersonal systems and structure is then illustrated through a brief sample of Tagalog discourse. The paper demonstrates the manner in which a paradigmatic perspective can be used to integrate the description of grammatical resources typically fragmented and marginalised in syntagmatically organised descriptions.

Introduction: Philippines have experienced an increase of international students in various programmes especially in nursing program and medical program. This programs required students to have clinical exposure where the students are expected to have good interaction with the patient. The aim of this study is to explore the experience of non-Tagalog speaking nursing students on nurse-patient interaction with Filipino clients.
 Methods: A qualitative design was used in this study. A Semi structured interview also was used in this study. This study included seven main informants or non-Tagalog speaking nursing students (Emic) and six general informants or Filipino nursing students (etic) perceptions. The respondents were recruited randomly from one university in the Philippines. Data analysis was done by following psychological phenomenologist guidelines.
 Results: Several themes were established in this study: (i) translation of words which is a mean for patients and nurses to communicate their thoughts; (ii) the use of nonverbal (gestures, technology) to facilitate nurse-patient interaction; (iii) Importance of trust to confidence in giving care to patients; (iv) preference in giving care to English speaking patient, unsatisfied feeling when communicating with patient; (v) individual initiative in learning Tagalog which is a mean to help in communication preparation to Tagalog speaking patient; (vi) support from clinical instructor and Filipino friends are methods being used to help in communication; (vii) institutional support is one way to help the students in the preparation before clinical exposure.
 Discussion: For the non-Tagalog speaking nursing students, making friend with Filipino students is very helpful in supporting them and in dealing with the communication barrier. For the clinical instructors, to keep motivating and helping the students dealing with communication problem to help their students increase their self-confidence. Also, students’ evaluation in post conferences on nurse-patient interaction would be beneficial to the clinical instructor to gain knowledge on the experience of the students, especially to the non-Tagalog speaking students. For the learning institutions, it would be better for them to help their fellow non-Tagalog speaking students to increase their knowledge of the local language by giving Tagalog lessons specific for nurses, allowing the students to be familiar with the Tagalog words they might encounter in the clinical placement, and making them practice possible Tagalog conversations.