Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tail detection

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tail detection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 6 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Tail detection"

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Xu, Yiming, Zhen Peng, Bin Shi, et al. "Revisiting Graph Contrastive Learning on Anomaly Detection: A Structural Imbalance Perspective." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 12 (2025): 12972–80. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i12.33415.

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The superiority of graph contrastive learning (GCL) has prompted its application to anomaly detection tasks for more powerful risk warning systems. Unfortunately, existing GCL-based models tend to excessively prioritize overall detection performance while neglecting robustness to structural imbalance, which can be problematic for many real-world networks following power-law degree distributions. Particularly, GCL-based methods may fail to capture tail anomalies (abnormal nodes with low degrees). This raises concerns about the security and robustness of current anomaly detection algorithms and therefore hinders their applicability in a variety of realistic high-risk scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, research on the robustness of graph anomaly detection to structural imbalance has received little scrutiny. To address the above issues, this paper presents a novel GCL-based framework named AD-GCL. It devises the neighbor pruning strategy to filter noisy edges for head nodes and facilitate the detection of genuine tail nodes by aligning from head nodes to forged tail nodes. Moreover, AD-GCL actively explores potential neighbors to enlarge the receptive field of tail nodes through anomaly-guided neighbor completion. We further introduce intra- and inter-view consistency loss of the original and augmentation graph for enhanced representation. The performance evaluation of the whole, head, and tail nodes on multiple datasets validates the comprehensive superiority of the proposed AD-GCL in detecting both head anomalies and tail anomalies.
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Yu, Junqin, Qiwen Wu, Kai Xie, et al. "Fish-Tail Bolt Loosening Detection Under Tilted Perspectives." Electronics 14, no. 7 (2025): 1281. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071281.

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As a critical fastener connecting steel rails, fish-tail bolts ensure the safety of railway transportation. To improve the efficiency of fish-tail bolt loosening detection, this paper proposes a computer vision-based method for detecting fish-tail bolt looseness under tilted perspectives. The method first identifies bolt positions and coordinates of corner points on rail clamp edges through object detection and key point detection. Then, considering diverse rail clamp dimensions and combining with bolt positions, it employs dual perspective transformations for image rectification. Finally, utilizing the Lightweight OpenPose network, angle recognition of key bolt edges is achieved through Gaussian ring-shaped smooth labels, with loosening determination made by comparing angular variations across temporal frames. In experimental validation, tests were first conducted on a public dial-reading dataset for pointer angle recognition, showing a minimum average error of only 0.8°, which verifies the algorithm’s feasibility. Subsequently, based on fish-tail bolt images captured under various tilted perspectives, we constructed a self-made dataset of bolt key edges and performed loosening detection experiments. For bolt images in boundary postures, after rotation preprocessing, the average detection error was reduced to 0.7°. When the loosening threshold was set to 2.1°, the detection accuracy reached 97%. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method effectively identifies fish bolt loosening, providing crucial technical reference for railway safety maintenance.
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Ocepek, Marko, Anja Žnidar, Miha Lavrič, Dejan Škorjanc, and Inger Lise Andersen. "DigiPig: First Developments of an Automated Monitoring System for Body, Head and Tail Detection in Intensive Pig Farming." Agriculture 12, no. 1 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010002.

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The goal of this study was to develop an automated monitoring system for the detection of pigs’ bodies, heads and tails. The aim in the first part of the study was to recognize individual pigs (in lying and standing positions) in groups and their body parts (head/ears, and tail) by using machine learning algorithms (feature pyramid network). In the second part of the study, the goal was to improve the detection of tail posture (tail straight and curled) during activity (standing/moving around) by the use of neural network analysis (YOLOv4). Our dataset (n = 583 images, 7579 pig posture) was annotated in Labelbox from 2D video recordings of groups (n = 12–15) of weaned pigs. The model recognized each individual pig’s body with a precision of 96% related to threshold intersection over union (IoU), whilst the precision for tails was 77% and for heads this was 66%, thereby already achieving human-level precision. The precision of pig detection in groups was the highest, while head and tail detection precision were lower. As the first study was relatively time-consuming, in the second part of the study, we performed a YOLOv4 neural network analysis using 30 annotated images of our dataset for detecting straight and curled tails. With this model, we were able to recognize tail postures with a high level of precision (90%).
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Ocepek, Marko, Anja Žnidar, Miha Lavrič, Dejan Škorjanc, and Inger Lise Andersen. "DigiPig: First Developments of an Automated Monitoring System for Body, Head and Tail Detection in Intensive Pig Farming." Agriculture 12, no. 1 (2021): 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010002.

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The goal of this study was to develop an automated monitoring system for the detection of pigs’ bodies, heads and tails. The aim in the first part of the study was to recognize individual pigs (in lying and standing positions) in groups and their body parts (head/ears, and tail) by using machine learning algorithms (feature pyramid network). In the second part of the study, the goal was to improve the detection of tail posture (tail straight and curled) during activity (standing/moving around) by the use of neural network analysis (YOLOv4). Our dataset (n = 583 images, 7579 pig posture) was annotated in Labelbox from 2D video recordings of groups (n = 12–15) of weaned pigs. The model recognized each individual pig’s body with a precision of 96% related to threshold intersection over union (IoU), whilst the precision for tails was 77% and for heads this was 66%, thereby already achieving human-level precision. The precision of pig detection in groups was the highest, while head and tail detection precision were lower. As the first study was relatively time-consuming, in the second part of the study, we performed a YOLOv4 neural network analysis using 30 annotated images of our dataset for detecting straight and curled tails. With this model, we were able to recognize tail postures with a high level of precision (90%).
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Dr., Kailash Kumar. "Method of Oestrus Detection." Science World a monthly e magazine 3, no. 7 (2023): 1830–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8198575.

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1.     Different Methods of Heat Detection:- o   External signs of oestrus o   Bellowing o   Decreased feed intake / inappetance o   Frequent micturition o   Engorgement of teats o   Nervousness & excitement o   Stands to be mounted/mounts on fellow cows. o   Tilted tail- tail reflex o   Hypermic/oedematous & moist o   Vaginal mucus membrane-congested o   Clear copius, sticky mucus discharge
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Lin, Hang, Lixin Liu, and Zhengjun Zhang. "Tail Risk Signal Detection through a Novel EGB2 Option Pricing Model." Mathematics 11, no. 14 (2023): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11143194.

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Connecting derivative pricing with tail risk management has become urgent for financial practice and academia. This paper proposes a novel option pricing model based on the exponential generalized beta of the second kind (EGB2) distribution. The newly proposed model is of generality, simplicity, robustness, and financial interpretability. Most importantly, one can detect tail risk signals by calibrating the proposed model. The model includes the seminal Black–Scholes (B−S) formula as a limit case and can perfectly “replicate” the option prices from Merton’s jump-diffusion model. Based on the proposed pricing model, three tail risk warning measures are introduced for tail risk signals detection: the EGB2 implied tail index, the EGB2 implied Value-at-Risk (EGB2-VaR), and the EGB2 implied risk-neutral density (EGB2 R.N.D.). Empirical results show that the new pricing model can yield higher pricing accuracy than existing models in normal and crisis periods, and three model-based tail risk measures can perfectly detect tail risk signals before financial crises.
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Servin-Aguilar, Jesus G., Luis Rizo-Dominguez, Jorge A. Pardinas-Mir, Cesar Vargas-Rosales, and Ivan Padilla-Cantoya. "Epilepsy Seizure Detection: A Heavy Tail Approach." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 208170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3038397.

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Heseker, Philipp, Tjard Bergmann, Marc-Alexander Lieboldt, et al. "Exposing tail biters by automatic scream detection." Smart Agricultural Technology 9 (December 2024): 100582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atech.2024.100582.

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Neuwinger, J., H. M. Behre, and E. Nieschlang. "Computerized semen analysis with sperm tail detection." Human Reproduction 5, no. 6 (1990): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137175.

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de Haan, Laurens, Albert Klein Tank, and Cláudia Neves. "On tail trend detection: modeling relative risk." Extremes 18, no. 2 (2014): 141–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10687-014-0207-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tail detection"

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Lea, Krista La Moen. "TALL FESCUE ERGOVALINE CONCENTRATION BASED ON SAMPLE HANDLING AND STORAGE METHOD." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/35.

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Ergovaline is produced by the endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones and Gams) in tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinacea (Schreb.) Dumort. = Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and is blamed for a multitude of costly livestock disorders. Testing of pastures is common in both research and on farm situations. Since ergovaline is known to be unstable and affected by many variables, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of sample handling and storage on the stability of this compound. Homogeneous milled tall fescue sub-samples were analyzed for ergovaline concentration using HPLC after a range of sample handling procedures or storage. Ergovaline was unstable in milled material after 24 hours in storage, regardless of temperature. The decrease in ergovaline after 24 hours ranged from 17 to 60%. These results show that tall fescue sample handling and storage have a significant effect on ergovaline concentrations. In conclusion, accurate laboratory analysis of ergovaline content may require that samples be transported immediately to the laboratory on ice for immediate analysis. Most laboratories are not equipped for same day analysis, therefore researchers and producers should acknowledge that laboratory ergovaline results may be lower than the actual content in the field.
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Arias, Ramos Nuria. "Towards improvement of preclinical glioblastoma management: detection, therapy and assessment of response using magnetic resonance techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667287.

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El Glioblastoma (GB) es el tumor primario agresivo más común, con mal pronóstico y sin cura actualmente. Aunque se aplique tratamiento agresivo (quimioterapia con Temozolamida, TMZ, y radioterapia) generalmente hay recidiva. Esta tesis se ha centrado en la mejora del diagnóstico, seguimiento de la respuesta a terapia y manejo del GB con técnicas de resonancia magnética (RM) (Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/IRM e Imagen Espectroscópica por Resonancia Magnética/IERM), utilizando el modelo preclínico de GB GL261. Los agentes de contraste (AC) utilizados para diagnóstico de GB están basados en Gadolinio (Gd), que no está exento de riesgo en caso de patología renal. La mayoría de sus efectos se aprecian en IRM T1, aunque estudios recientes señalan las ventajas de ACs del tipo dual (T1-T2). En esta tesis, un conjunto de AC noveles se ha evaluado en colaboración con el ICN2 (Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia) mediante una aproximación experimental ex vivo para seleccionar el mejor agente para estudios dinámicos de contraste in vivo. Las imágenes de algebra “dual enhancement” resaltan las propiedades duales de los CA estudiados. Se seleccionó un agente basado en hierro, resultando seguro en estudios de tolerabilidad y mostrando contraste en T1 y T2 in vivo en un período de tiempo corto. Ello permite obtener los dos tipos de información en la misma exploración, lo que conlleva un claro interés translacional. Después del diagnóstico, los GB deben ser tratados y uno de los desafíos de la clínica es el seguimiento de la respuesta. En esta tesis se ha optimizado un análisis volumétrico IERM (tipo 3D) que ha sido aplicado a tumores GL261 controles y tratados con TMZ. Luego, se han generado imágenes nosológicas a partir del análisis semi-supervisado de reconocimiento de patrones, clasificando los tejidos como en respuesta, no respuesta y normal. Hemos establecido el parámetro TRI (del inglés Tumour Responding Index), permitiendo una categorización del nivel de respuesta a partir del porcentaje de tejido respondedor. Los sujetos se han estratificado en categorías arbitrarias: respuesta baja (low response, LR), intermedia (intermediate response, IR) y alta (high response, HR). Estudios histopatológicos confirmaron una relación inversa entre TRI y proliferación Ki67, utilizando células/mm2 en lugar de porcentaje debido a diferencias en morfología/volumen celular. El TRI ha presentado oscilaciones con frecuencia de 6-7 días, en contraposición con el volumen tumoral. Dicha oscilación podría corresponder a la presencia/activación del sistema inmune en la respuesta a la terapia, lo que concuerda con hallazgos histopatológicos de linfocitos infiltrando el tejido respondedor. El potencial de nanopartículas de oro (NP) para hipertermia se ha investigado como tratamiento alternativo para el GB. Para ello, se ha puesto a punto el equipo para irradiación láser (NIR, Near infrared irradiation) dentro del escáner RM, para experimentos ex vivo/in vivo con ratones wt y con tumores GL261. Se han estudiado Nanopartículas de oro huecas y Nanorods obteniéndose resultados discretos en cuanto a calentamiento diferencial. Nanopartículas de oro huecas con PEG no han afectado la viabilidad de células GL261 en cultivo y se han internalizado por un 30% de estas células. A resultas de este estudio, se han formulado una serie de advertencias en relación a la hipertermia: es necesario mejorar la tolerabilidad disminuyendo los valores de endotoxina en las NP; es necesario evitar la subida abrupta de la temperatura cerebral; hay riesgos en la irradiación NIR dentro del escáner y hace falta un sistema de seguridad para evitar incendios; los modelos ortotópicos de tumores cerebrales conllevan desafíos para la consecución de estos estudios, tanto por la necesidad de acúmulo de NP en dichos tumores, como por la disipación de NIR antes de alcanzar la parte interna del cerebro.<br>Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour with poor prognosis and survival, with no cure available at present. Relapse usually takes place in a short time even after aggressive standard treatment (chemotherapy with Temozolomide, TMZ and radiotherapy). This PhD thesis was focused in the improvement of GB diagnosis, therapy follow-up and management with Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques (Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging, MRSI) in the preclinical GB GL261 mice model. Contrast agents (CA) currently used in GB diagnosis are based in Gadolinium (Gd) which is not exempt of risks in case of patients with renal pathology. In addition, most of its effects are appreciated in T1w MRI although novel studies are pointing to the potential advantages of using dual (T1-T2) agents. In this thesis, a set of novel CA with dual potential was evaluated in collaboration with ICN2 (Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia), with a well established path of ex vivo studies for selecting the best agent to proceed with in vivo contrast-enhanced dynamic studies. Dual enhancement MRI image algebra calculated showed the dual properties of candidate CAs. An Fe-based agent was chosen for in vivo studies. This CA proved to be safe in tolerability studies and to show both T1 and T2 effects in a short time frame, allowing to gather both type of data in the same exploration. This type of agents could have clear translational potential in the near future. Once diagnosed, GB should be treated and one of the challenges faced by clinicians is the therapy response follow-up. We have optimized a volumetric, 3D-like MRSI analysis which was applied to GL261 GB tumour-bearing mice either untreated or under TMZ treatment. Then, nosological images were obtained through semi-supervised pattern recognition analysis and classifying tissues in responding, unresponsive or normal. We established the parameter TRI, Tumour Responding Index, which allowed objective categorization of the response level taking into account the percentage of “responding” tissue detected. Mice were then categorized within arbitrary cut-off values: low response (LR), intermediate response (IR) and high response (HR). Histopathological studies confirmed an inverse correlation between the TRI and Ki67 proliferation rate, provided Ki67 cells/mm2 was used instead of percent, due to variable cell morphology and cellular volume. The TRI presented an oscillatory pattern with peak maxima every 6-7 days, as opposed to tumour volume changes. This 6-7 day oscillation would be in agreement with host immune system recruitment for therapy response, also supported by histopathological findings of lymphocyte-like cells infiltrating responding tissue. The potential of gold nanoparticles (NP) for hyperthermia was investigated as an alternative treatment in GL261 GB. For this, a set-up for laser NIR irradiation inside the MR scanner was implemented for hyperthermia ex vivo/in vivo with wt and GL261 tumour-bearing mice. Hollow Gold Nanospheres and Nanorods were studied for heating potential in vitro and ex vivo, achieving discrete results. In vitro studies showed that PEGylated Hollow Gold Nanospheres did not affect GL261 cell viability and were internalized by ca 30% of GL261 cells. Several words of caution resulted from this study, namely: tolerability issues should be improved through new NP synthesis with suitable levels of endotoxin; care should be taken in order to avoid excessive/abrupt brain temperature increase; NIR irradiation inside the MR scanner is not exempt of risks and a whole safety system was developed to prevent fire break incidents; the use of orthotopic brain tumours is challenging for NIR irradiation, due to either need of high accumulation of NP inside tumours and NIR dissipation through tissues until reaching the inner part of the brain.
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Fei, Tai [Verfasser], Abdelhak M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Zoubir, Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Kraus, and Marius [Akademischer Betreuer] Pesavento. "Advances in Detection and Classification of Underwater Targets using Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery / Tai Fei. Betreuer: Abdelhak M. Zoubir ; Dieter Kraus ; Marius Pesavento." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1111113270/34.

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Shannon, Matthew D. "High Resolution Structural and Dynamic Studies of Biomacromolecular Assemblies using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534321838601796.

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Jiang, Xiaomo. "Dynamic fuzzy wavelet neural network for system identification, damage detection and active control of highrise buildings." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110266591.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 221 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-221). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Yang, Renjun. "Diagnostics and characterization of beam halo at the KEK Accelerator Test Facility." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS261.

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Aux futurs collisionneurs linéaires et circulaires, la présence d’un halo autour du faisceau est susceptible de fortement limiter les performances, et peut également activer, voire endommager, les composants de l’accélérateur. Le halo doit par conséquent est contrôlé par un système de collimateurs efficace. Pour évaluer l’impact sur les expériences de physique des particules ainsi que les efficacités de collimation, une bonne compréhension des mécanismes physiques générateurs de halo est essentielle, pour par exemple prédire les distributions de probabilité de manière fiable. Pour ce faire, une investigation systématique ont été menée à l’Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) du KEK dans le cadre de cette thèse, d’abord à travers une analyse théorique des principales sources de halo dans ATF, puis moyennant le développement et l’implémentation de diagnostiques dédiés aux mesures du halo, dont les résultat sont ensuite présentés et comparés aux prédictions théoriques. Le halo produit par la diffusion des particules du faisceau sur les noyaux des molécules du gaz résiduel dans la chambre à vide (« Beam Gas Scattering » - BGS) est d’abord estimé analytiquement, avec certaines approximations, puis moyennant une simulation Monte-Carlo. Un nombre considérable de particules de halo BGS est prédit, ainsi qu’une dépendance dans la pression de gaz résiduel. Pour étudier la possible formation d’un halo par le mécanisme de diffusion intra-paquet à grand angle dit de « Touschek » en présence d’une dispersion optique résiduelle, le taux de cette diffusion a été estimé en fonction de plusieurs paramètres faisceau pertinents. Une simulation Monte-Carlo de la diffusion intra-faisceau à petit angle (IBS) et de « Touschek » est aussi en cours de développement. Pour tester les prédictions théoriques, les performances d’un détecteur de halo déjà existant basé sur un capteur diamant ont été améliorées moyennant une technique de repondération qui a permis d’en augmenter la gamme dynamique jusqu’à 10⁵. Afin de disposer d’un instrument complémentaire pour mesurer le halo, un moniteur YAG/OTR a aussi été conçu, construit et installé dans la ligne d’extraction d’ATF. Il a pu être montré que la gamme dynamique et la résolution de ce moniteur YAGOTR sont, respectivement, autour de 10⁵ et inférieure à 10 μm. Grâce aux diagnostiques développés pour mesurer le halo du faisceau d’ATF, les distributions transverses et en énergie ont pu être étudiées. L’accord satisfaisant obtenu entre les prédictions théoriques et les mesures, ainsi qu’une dépendance importante dans la pression de gaz résiduel, ont permis de montrer que la distribution verticale du halo est dominée par le mécanisme BGS. Par contre, la distribution horizontale est bien supérieure aux prédictions BGS, et est par ailleurs asymétrique. L’asymétrie observée peut être en partie reliée à la qualité du champ de l’élément pulsé servant à l’extraction du faisceau d’ATF, ainsi qu’à certaines aberrations dans le transport optique. La distribution de probabilité du halo en fonction de l’énergie a par ailleurs pu être mesurée, grâce à une technique nouvelle d’ajustement de la dispersion optique dans le plan vertical, et a été trouvée compatible qualitativement avec le mécanisme de diffusion « Touschek ». Un scénario plausible de génération du halo dans le plan horizontal a ainsi pu être suggéré<br>At future linear and circular colliders, beam halo can strongly limit machine performances, cause as well component damage and activation, and should, therefore, be controlled by an efficient collimation system. To evaluate the impact on particle physics experiments and collimation efficiencies, a clear understanding of beam halo formation mechanisms is essential, e.g., to predict halo distribution reliably. For this purpose, systematic investigations have been carried out at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) of KEK. In this dissertation, the theoretical analysis of the primary halo sources at ATF and the development of dedicated halo diagnostics are presented. Measurements of beam halo at ATF are also described and compared with the theoretical predictions. Beam halo arising from Beam-Gas Scattering (BGS) in the damping ring was firstly estimated through analytical approximations and a Monte Carlo simulation. A considerable amount of halo particles generated by BGS and the corresponding vacuum dependence have been predicted. To explore the probability of beam halo formation from Touschek scattering in the presence of dispersion, the Touschek scattering rate was estimated with respect to relevant beam parameters. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation of Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) and Touschek scattering is under development. To probe the theoretical predictions, the performance of an already existing diamond sensor detector was optimized via a data rescaling technique to increase the dynamic range to 1×10⁵. For a complementary diagnostics of beam halo, a YAG/OTR monitor was also designed and installed in the extraction section of ATF2. The dynamic range and resolution of the YAG/OTR monitor have been shown to be around 1×10⁵ and less than 10 μm, respectively. Thanks to the halo monitors developed at ATF2, the transverse halo and momentum tail have been studied. Satisfactory agreement between numerical predictions and measurements as well as a significant vacuum dependence indicate that the BGS process dominates the vertical halo. On the other hand, the horizontal halo appeared to be higher than the prediction from BGS, and moreover asymmetric. The observed asymmetry was shown to be related to the quality of the extraction kicker field and optical aberration. Finally, the momentum tail was for the first time observed by implementing a novel scheme of vertical dispersion adjustment and was found to be qualitatively consistent with the presence of Touschek scattering. A possible scenario for horizontal beam halo formation from Touschek scattering was also suggested
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Tseng, I.-Ping, and 曾一平. "Design of the Tail-biting Convolution Code Decoder with Error Detection Ability." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21164895114625189192.

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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>資訊工程學系研究所<br>100<br>In wireless communication system, convolution code has been one of the most popular error-correcting code. To prevent from the interference of noise during transmission, the transmitter usually applies convolution encode to code the processed information, and the receiver will use Viterbi decoder to decode and correct the error bit to decrease the bit error rate. In 3G mobile communication, such decoder is often applied between the base station and the communication device as a decoding mechanism. Since traditional decoders of communication devices consume more than one third power of the whole receiver, the present study focuses on the way effectively reducing the power consumption of Viterbi decoder. Traditional convolution coders use zero-tail, which make decoder be able to resist the interference of noise; however, this method would increase extra tail bits, which would decrease the code rate and affect the efficiency of transmission, especially for those information with short length, such as the header of packet. Tail-biting convolution code is another error-correcting code, which maintains the code rate, and it has been used in the control channel of LTE. Tail-biting convolution code is more complex than traditional decoder. Therefore, this thesis modifies the Wrap-Around Viterbi Algorithm (WAVA) to enormously decrease the power consuming while maintaining the bit error rate and the correctness of decoding. The aim of the present study is achieved by decreasing iteration number of WAVA algorithm to reduce one fourth of the whole power consumption. On the other hand, if the received information is not interfered by noise, it’s unnecessary to turn on Tail-biting Convolution Decoder. As a result, the present study introduces the error detection circuit so that the received information can be simply decode and detected with the error detection circuit. If there is no noise interference, it can directly be outputted; if there is noise interference, however, it should be decoded by Tail-biting Convolution Decoder. The experimental results show that the survivor memory unit saves more than 60% power than traditional decoders, moreover, it will save 55%~88% power consumption when it goes with the error detection circuit. Consequently, the proposed method is indeed able to reduce the power consumption of Tail-biting Convolution Decoder. Keyword：wireless communication, tail-biting convolution code, code rate, Viterbi decoder, power consumption
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Carneiro, Nuno Abrunhosa. "A data mining approach to fraud detection in e-tail: A case study in an online luxury fashion retailer." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/95618.

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Carneiro, Nuno Abrunhosa. "A data mining approach to fraud detection in e-tail: A case study in an online luxury fashion retailer." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/95618.

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LAI, SIN-CHENG, and 賴信丞. "Tai Chi motion detection system based on image analysis." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sguv69.

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碩士<br>國立聯合大學<br>機械工程學系碩士班<br>104<br>In the past, a professional teacher or coach was necessary for teaching sports or skills of body movement. If the students only follow books or online videos, the correctness of their movement cannot be checked. Nowadays, the teaching ways of various subjects are changing due to the fast development of modern technology. In this study, we tried to develop a mechatronic system to substitute the teacher or coach. Tai Chi quan whose movements are usually slow is the sport that the system want to teach. In the system, a Kinect sensor is used to sense the image of the student. The image is analyzed by the system. Right steps would be displayed on the ground for the student to follow. Different steps can be provided to different students with different height, leg length, arm length, etc. Different styles of Tai Chi quan can be stored in the system. The system can evaluate the learning based on the real-time evaluation mechanism.
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Books on the topic "Tail detection"

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Jennings, Maureen. Under the dragon's tail: A Detective Murdoch mystery. McClelland & Stewart, 2005.

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Jim, Thompson. Texas by the Tail. Vintage Books, 1994.

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Peter, Abrahams. Thereby hangs a tail. Pocket, 2010.

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Hale, Rebecca M. How to tail a cat. Berkley Prime Crime, 2012.

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Jennings, Maureen. Under the dragon's tail. St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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Tree, Gregory. Devil take the blue-tail fly. Canongate Crime, 2001.

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ill, Gerstein Mordicai, ed. A hare-raising tail. Aladdin, 2002.

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Walsh, Haley. Foxe tail: A Skyler Foxe mystery. MLR Press, 2010.

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Scheunemann, Pam. Cat tails. ABDO Pub. Co., 2006.

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Little, Jean. Tail of the tip-off. Bantam Books, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tail detection"

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Hyun Cho, Jang, and Philipp Krähenbühl. "Long-tail Detection with Effective Class-Margins." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20074-8_40.

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Didenko, Vladimir V. "Zebra Tail Amplification: Accelerated Detection of Apoptotic Blunt-Ended DNA Breaks by In Situ Ligation." In Fast Detection of DNA Damage. Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7187-9_15.

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Carbonell, Belfran, Jennifer Álvarez, Gloria A. Santa-González, and Jean Paul Delgado. "COMET Assay for Detection of DNA Damage During Axolotl Tail Regeneration." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2659-7_12.

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Dunne, Matthew, and Martin J. Loessner. "Modified Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Proteins for Labeling, Immobilization, Capture, and Detection of Bacteria." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9000-9_6.

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Jiang, Chiyu Max, Mahyar Najibi, Charles R. Qi, Yin Zhou, and Dragomir Anguelov. "Improving the Intra-class Long-Tail in 3D Detection via Rare Example Mining." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20080-9_10.

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Wang, Lintao, Zikang Liu, Ning Hao, Meng Gao, and Zihan Wang. "Shield Tail Seal Detection Method Based on Twin Simulation Model for Smart Shield." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6480-2_9.

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Hao, Tianran, Ying Tao, Meng Li, et al. "Foreground and Background Separate Adaptive Equilibrium Gradients Loss for Long-Tail Object Detection." In Computational Visual Media. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2092-7_10.

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Li, Duo, Sanli Tang, Binbin Zhang, Zhanzhan Cheng, Wenming Tan, and Xiaokang Yang. "Adapting on Long-Tail Domains by High Quality Self-training for Object Detection." In Digital TV and Wireless Multimedia Communications. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2266-4_19.

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Gabloffsky, Theo, Alexander Hawlitschka, and Ralf Salomon. "The RRDS, an Improved Animal Experimentation System for More Animal Welfare and More Accurate Results." In Bildverarbeitung in der Automation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66769-9_5.

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AbstractResearch of image recognition allows for improvements in animal welfare compliant and increase in data yield in animal experiments. One application for improvements are the so-called rotational tests with rats in Parkinson research. Here, the Rat Rotation Detection System (RRDS) frees the rat from the usually used breast belt while achieving similar results as the previous system, with a difference of 12.4 %. RRDS basically consists of an off-the-shelf camera combined with a YoloV4″​=Neural″​=Network, which detects the coordinates of the head, the tail, and the torso of the rat. With these coordinates, RRDS calculates two vectors, which are further used to calculate the rotation of the rat. The RRDS is a step towards improved animal welfare and more accurate results in animal experimentations.
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Harper, Corey A., Ron Daniel, and Paul Groth. "Question Answering with Additive Restrictive Training (QuAART): Question Answering for the Rapid Development of New Knowledge Extraction Pipelines." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_4.

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AbstractNumerous studies have explored the use of language models and question answering techniques for knowledge extraction. In most cases, these models are trained on data specific to the new task at hand. We hypothesize that using models trained only on generic question answering data (e.g. SQuAD) is a good starting point for domain specific entity extraction. We test this hypothesis, and explore whether the addition of small amounts of training data can help lift model performance. We pay special attention to the use of null answers and unanswerable questions to optimize performance. To our knowledge, no studies have been done to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. We do so for an end-to-end entity mention detection and entity typing task on HAnDS and FIGER, two common evaluation datasets for fine grained entity recognition. We focus on fine-grained entity recognition because it is challenging scenario, and because the long tail of types in this task highlights the need for entity extraction systems that can deal with new domains and types. To our knowledge, we are the first system beyond those presented in the original FIGER and HAnDS papers to tackle the task in an end-to-end fashion. Using an extremely small sample from the distantly-supervised HAnDS training data – 0.0015%, or less than 500 passages randomly chosen out of 31 million – we produce a CoNNL F1 score of 73.72 for entity detection on FIGER. Our end-to-end detection and typing evaluation produces macro and micro F1s of 45.11 and 54.75, based on the FIGER evaluation metrics. This work provides a foundation for the rapid development of new knowledge extraction pipelines.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tail detection"

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Haleem, Halar, Igor Bisio, Chiara Garibotto, Fabio Lavagetto, and Andrea Sciarrone. "Model-Independent Approach For Long-Tail Object Detection In Aerial Imagery." In 2024 IEEE Annual Congress on Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiot63253.2024.00025.

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Battaglioni, Massimo, Rebecca Giuliani, Franco Chiaraluce, and Marco Baldi. "Machine Learning-Based Tail Sequence Detection in LDPC-Coded Space Transmissions." In 2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978413.

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Deng, Xiao, Fuyao Duan, Rui Xie, Wei Ye, and Shikun Zhang. "Improving Long-Tail Vulnerability Detection Through Data Augmentation Based on Large Language Models." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsme58944.2024.00033.

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S S, Ajitha, Lokesh Gopi R, Maadeshwaran L, Rakul V, and Prabhu V. "Design of Multi-Voltage Tuneable Dynamic Dual-Tail Comparator with Leakage Detection System." In 2025 International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies (ICCCT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccct63501.2025.11019202.

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Shang, Yuan-xin, Feng Yunsong, Jin Wei, Wang Siyu, Zhang Jun, and Zhou Changqi. "Research on the infrared radiation characteristics of the tail flame of hypersonic aircraft and the detection range of space-based infrared warning satellites." In Infrared Technology and Applications, edited by Xue Li and Xin Tang. SPIE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3046878.

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Hallez, Raphaël, Arthur Finez, and Scott Beebe. "Detection And Analysis Of Interior And Exterior Noise Sources In A MD902 Helicopter." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11349.

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Exterior helicopter noise is often perceived as loud and unpleasant by people boarding the helicopter or people living in urban areas or close to airports where rotorcraft is flying. Excessive cabin noise in the helicopter is also an issue for passengers or crew flying the helicopter, especially for long duration flights. The objective of the paper is to investigate commercially available techniques for measuring and analyzing helicopter noise and ultimately help design engineers get insight into noise mechanisms in view of potential noise improvements. Exterior noise measurements were performed on a MD902 helicopter equipped with a Notar (No TAil Rotor) system. State-of-theart focalization and deconvolution techniques are presented to localize and rank dominant noise sources and identify aeroacoustic phenomena or mechanical devices responsible for the helicopter noise signature. Primary and secondary sources are clearly identified which provides guidance for possible noise reduction measures. Main rotor noise is found to be clearly dominating the overall noise spectra whereas Notar, engine exhaust and cooling system constitute secondary sources. Interior noise is also investigated for various flight conditions and dominant noise sources are localized in the cabin and some possible noise control treatments are suggested. It is shown here that the acoustic array technique is a very efficient and well suited tool to analyze both interior and exterior helicopter noise.
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Shanmugavadivel, Kogilavani, Malliga Subramanian, Mohamed Arsath H, Ramya K, and Ragav R. "TEAM_STRIKERS@DravidianLangTech2025: Misogyny Meme Detection in Tamil Using Multimodal Deep Learning." In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Speech, Vision, and Language Technologies for Dravidian Languages. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.dravidianlangtech-1.106.

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Qing Ming and Kang-Hyun Jo. "Vehicle detection using tail light segmentation." In 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology (IFOST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2011.6021126.

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O'Malley, Ronan, Martin Glavin, and Edward Jones. "Vehicle Detection at Night Based on Tail-Light Detection." In First Annual International Symposium on Vehicular Computing Systems. ICST, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.isvcs2008.3546.

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Chang, Yen-Chi, Brittany N. Berry-Pusey, Tsu-Chin Tsao, and Arion F. Chatziioannou. "Real-Time Image Processing for Locating Veins in Mouse Tails." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-4023.

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This paper develops an efficient vision-based real-time vein detection algorithm for preclinical vascular insertions. Mouse tail vein injections perform a routine but critical step in most preclinical applications. Compensating for poor manual injection stability and high skill requirements, Vascular Access System (VAS) has been developed so a trained technician can manually command the system to perform needle insertions and monitor the operation through a near-infrared camera. However, VAS’ vein detection algorithm requires much computation and is, therefore, difficult to reflect the real-time tail movement during an insertion. Furthermore, the detection performance is often disturbed by tail hair and skin pigmentation. In this work, an effective noise filtering algorithm is proposed based on convex optimization. Effectively eliminating false-positive detections and preserving cross-sectional continuity, this algorithm provides vein detection results approximately every 200 ms at the presence of tail hair and skin pigmentation. This developed real-time tail vein detection method is able to capture the tail movement during insertion, therefore allow for the development of an automated Vascular Access System (A-VAS) for preclinical injections.
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Reports on the topic "Tail detection"

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Katz, D., and D. Ward. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) Multipoint Active Tails. Edited by S. Pallagatti and G. Mirsky. RFC Editor, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8563.

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Gafny, Ron, A. L. N. Rao, and Edna Tanne. Etiology of the Rugose Wood Disease of Grapevine and Molecular Study of the Associated Trichoviruses. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575269.bard.

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Rugose wood is a complex disease of grapevines, characterized by modification of the woody cylinder of affected vines. The control of rugose wood is based on the production of healthy propagation material. Detection of rugose wood in grapevines is difficult and expensive: budwood from tested plants is grafted onto sensitive Vitis indicators and the appearance of symptoms is monitored for 3 years. The etiology of rugose wood is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Several elongated clostero-like viruses are consistently found in affected vines; one of them, grapevine virus A (GVA), is closely associated with Kober stem grooving, a component of the rugose wood complex. GVA has a single-stranded RNA genome of 7349 nucleotides, excluding a polyA tail at the 3' terminus. The GVA genome includes five open reading frames (ORFs 1-5). ORF 4, which encodes for the coat protein of GVA, is the only ORF for which the function was determined experimentally. The original objectives of this research were: 1- To produce antisera to the structural and non-structural proteins of GVA and GVB and to use these antibodies to establish an effective detection method. 2- Develop full length infectious cDNA clones of GVA and GVB. 3- Study the roll of GVA and GVB in the etiology of the grapevine rugose wood disease. 4- Determine the function of Trichovirus (now called Vitivirus) encoded genes in the virus life cycle. Each of the ORFs 2, 3, 4 and 5 genes of GVA were cloned and expressed in E. coli and used to produce antisera. Both the CP (ORF 4) and the putative MP (ORF 3) were detected with their corresponding antisera in-GVA infected N. benthamiana and grapevine. The MP was first detected at an early stage of the infection, 6-12 h after inoculation, and the CP 2-3 days after inoculation. The MP could be detected in GVA-infected grapevines that tested negative for CP, both with CP antiserum and with a commercially available ELISA kit. Antisera to ORF 2 and 5 encoded proteins could react with the recombinant proteins but failed to detect both proteins in GVA infected plants. A full-length cDNA clone of grapevine virus A (GVA) was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Capped in vitro transcribed RNA was infectious in N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii plants. Symptoms induced by the RNA transcripts or by the parental virus were indistinguishable. The infectivity of the in vitro-transcribed RNA was confirmed by serological detection of the virus coat and movement proteins and by observation of virions by electron microscopy. The full-length clone was modified to include a gus reporter gene and gus activity was detected in inoculated and systemic leaves of infected plants. Studies of GVA mutants suggests that the coat protein (ORF 4) is essential for cell to cell movement, the putative movement protein (ORF 3) indeed functions as a movement protein and that ORF 2 is not required for virus replication, cell to cell or systemic movement. Attempts to infect grapevines by in-vitro transcripts, by inoculation of cDNA construct in which the virus is derived by the CaMV 35S promoter or by approach grafting with infected N. benthamiana, have so far failed. Studies of the subcellular distribution of GFP fusion with each of ORF 2, 3 and 4 encoded protein showed that the CP fusion protein accumulated as a soluble cytoplasmatic protein. The ORF 2 fusion protein accumulated in cytoplasmatic aggregates. The MP-GFP fusion protein accumulated in a large number of small aggregates in the cytoplasm and could not move from cell to cell. However, in conditions that allowed movement of the fusion protein from cell to cell (expression by a PVX vector or in young immature leaves) the protein did not form cytoplasmatic aggregates but accumulated in the plasmodesmata.
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Toivonen, Tuuli, Aina Brias Guinart, Johanna Eklund, Matti Hästbacka, Tatu Leppämäki, and Jussi Torkko. Muutokset luontovierailuissa ja mobiilien massadatojen mahdollisuudet kävijäseurannassa : Raportti MOBICON-hankkeen työpajasta Helsingissä 28.9.2023. Digital Geography Lab, University of Helsinki, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/2024.030502.

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Changes in nature visitation and the potential of mobile big data for visitor monitoring -työpaja järjestettiin Helsingissä 28.9.2023. Työpaja toteutettiin osana Koneen Säätiön rahoittamaa viisivuotista MOBICON-tutkimushanketta (Mobile Big Data for Understanding People in Nature - Detecting short and long term changes and their implications for biodiversity conservation). Työpajan tavoitteena oli kartoittaa asiantuntijoiden kanssa luonnon virkistyskäytön muutoksia, seurannan tietotarpeita, sekä pohtia erilaisten uusien tietolähteiden mahdollisuuksia näihin tietotarpeisiin vastaamiseen. Paikalla oli kahdeksan luonnon virkistyskäytön asiantuntijaa eri organisaatioista (Metsähallitus, Helsingin kaupunki, Uudenmaan virkistysalueyhdistys Uuvi ja Suomen Latu r.y.). Heille oli ennakkoon lähetetty kysely päivän teemoista. Keskustelu eteni kyselyn tuloksista syvällisempään keskusteluun aihealueittain. Alla käymme aihealueitten keskeiset tulokset läpi teemoittain. Luonnon virkistyskäytön nähtiin olevan muutoksessa. Virkistyskäyttö yhtäältä lisääntyy ja sen ajalliset rytmit muuttuvat. Toisaalta kävijäkunta monimuotoistuu yleisen yhteiskunnan monimuotoistumisen seurauksena ja uudenlaisten ihmisten löytäessä luonnon äärelle. Myös aktiviteetit ja tavat olla luonnossa moninaistuvat. Keskustelussa muutoksia lähestyttiin neljän megatrendin kautta (yhteiskunnalliset, ympäristölliset, poliittiset ja teknologiset muutokset). Näistä yhteiskunnalliset ja ympäristölliset muutosajurit nähtiin tärkeimmiksi. Yhteiskunnallisissa muutoksissa tunnistettiin erityisesti ikääntymisen ja luontokävijöiden moninaistumisen tuoma muutos. Ympäristöllisistä tekijöistä ilmastonmuutos oli ilman muuta merkityksellisin, sekä luontoa, että ihmisten toimintaa muuttavana tekijänä. Poliittisista muutosajureista keskustelussa nousi esiin yhteiskunnan polarisaation lisääntyminen. Toisaalta jokaisenoikeuksiin, biodiversiteetin suojeluun ja virkistyskäyttöön ohjattaviin resursseihin liittyvät poliittiset päätökset nähtiin tärkeinä. Teknologiset muutokset nähtiin osana laajempaa teknologistumista. Yhtäältä yleinen teknologisoituminen lisää mahdollisuuksia tiedonsaantiin ja -jakoon. Toisaalta terveyteen ja liikkumiseen liittyvä mittauskulttuuri vaikuttaa myös virkistyskäytön määriin, kun ihmiset tavoittelevat askel-tai kilometritavoitteitaan yhä enemmän luonnossa. Organisaatioiden tietotarpeista todettiin, että tietoa tarvitaan yhtäältä virkistyskäytön kehittämiseen ja toisaalta oman toiminnan perustelemiseen ja kolmanneksi käyttäjien informointiin. Lisää tietoa kaivattiin kävijävirroista ja niiden alueellisesta ja ajallisesta jakautumisesta. Toisaalta tieto kävijöistä itsestään nähtiin tarpeelliseksi erityisesti kävijäkunnan monipuolistuessa. Huolta kannettiin myös niistä, jotka eivät käy virkistysalueilla: miten saada paremmin tietoa heistä sekä mahdollista käyntiä rajoittavista tekijöistä. Kävijätiedon keruu nähtiin kalliina ja aikaa vievänä, ja siksi ja uudenlaisten datalähteiden löytäminen nähtiin hyödylliseksi. Mobiilidata arvioitiin kiinnostavaksi tietolähteeksi ja sen eri puolia pohdiskeltiin SWOT-analyysin kautta. Selvää kuitenkin oli, että operatiivisessa käytössä tiedon tulee olla luotettavaa ja helposti saatavilla. Mobiilidatan osalta juuri pitkäkestoinen saatavuus pohditutti osallistujia. Tilaisuuden järjestivät Aina Brias Guinart, Matti Hästbacka, Tatu Leppämäki, Jussi Torkko ja Tuuli Toivonen. Johanna Eklund osallistui työpajaan äitiysvapaalta. Lisää tietoa tilaisuudesta tai tutkimuksesta hankkeen verkkosivuilta tai sähköpostilla hankkeen tutkijoille: mobicon-project@helsinki.fi. MOBICON-hanke toimii vuosina 2022-2026 ja sitä rahoittaa Koneen Säätiö. Verkkosivu: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/digital-geography-lab/projects/mobicon.
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Uden, Daniel. 2024 viewshed analysis of Homestead National Historical Park: Updated to include screening provided by trees and structures. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2313523.

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Homestead National Historical Park (HOME), southeast Nebraska, commemorates the 1862 Homestead Act with series of exhibits, including outdoor ecosystems that represent how the landscape may have appeared historically. The historical, scenic views of HOME have high aesthetic value but are threatened by land use changes, especially construction of tall structures visible over long distances. The impacts of development on scenic views depends on the location and height of constructed objects, topographical variability of the landscape, and the degree of visual obstruction from existing aboveground objects, such as buildings and trees. Viewshed analysis was used to estimate the impacts of development and other forms of landscape change on historic, scenic views within HOME. Two 1-meter [3.28-foot (ft)] landscape elevation datasets, a bare earth digital elevation model (DEM) and a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) digital surface model (DSM), were used to model the minimum height for aboveground object visibility in the 30-mile (mi) radius of HOME. The LiDAR-derived DSM accounted for the effects of aboveground objects on landscape visibility, while the bare earth DEM did not. Minimum height for aboveground object visibility maps were generated for four HOME observation points, based both on the bare earth DEM and LiDAR-derived DSM. Lastly, composite maps of bare earth and LiDAR-derived visibility that combine minimum height class maps across the four observation points were developed. Visibility varied across the radius, among observation points, and between elevation datasets. Despite landscape visibility generally being greater in the bare earth than LiDAR-derived viewshed maps, there was a notable degree of similarity between the bare earth composite and LiDAR-derived composite maps. Overall, visibility is greatest to the southeast and northwest, lesser to the northeast, and lowest to the southwest of HOME. Both the bare earth and LiDAR-derived composite maps indicate that aboveground objects with heights of at least 20 ft are likely to be visible from at least one of the four observation points if they are within 10 mi of HOME. Between 10 mi and 20 mi from HOME, aboveground objects with heights of at least 20–100 ft are likely to be visible if they are located north, but not south, of HOME. Between 20 mi and 30 mi from HOME, aboveground objects less than 400 ft tall are unlikely to be visible, except for small areas to the southeast and northwest. These findings can help inform future viewshed management within HOME and the surrounding landscape.
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Evaluación de los proyectos FOMIN: Métodos alternativos de resolución de disputas comerciales (MARC). Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010203.

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El objetivo de la presente evaluación (MIF/GN-78-2) es analizar los resultados obtenidos por la cartera de proyectos de Métodos Alternativos de Resolución Disputas Comerciales (MARC) del Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones (FOMIN). Los proyectos de MARC, tal como fueron concebidos por el FOMIN, promueven el uso del arbitraje y la mediación como mecanismos alternativos para resolver disputas (principalmente aquellas de naturaleza comercial). La cartera de MARC nació para mitigar la falta de servicios de justicia y así mejorar las condiciones para el desarrollo del sector privado. La estrategia consistió en crear centros de arbitraje y mediación a fin de proveer al empresariado de una oferta alternativa para la resolución de sus conflictos de naturaleza comercial. Sobre la base del análisis de los 18 proyectos, de los cuáles ocho fueron visitados en forma directa, se detectaron algunos problemas, pero también resultados muy positivos que se describen en el informe.
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