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Journal articles on the topic 'Tail flick method'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Carstens, E., and C. Wilson. "Rat tail flick reflex: magnitude measurement of stimulus-response function, suppression by morphine and habituation." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 2 (1993): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.630.

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1. To quantitatively investigate a nocifensive behavioral response, we developed a method to measure the magnitude of the rat's tail flick reflex and its modulation. A radial array of force transducers measured forces of tail flicks (in rostral, horizontal, and vertical planes) elicited by graded noxious radiant thermal stimulation of the conscious rat's tail, from which the overall movement vector was calculated. 2. The rostrally directed component of tail flicks was always larger than dorsal or horizontal components; the latter was usually in a preferred (left or right) direction regardless

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2

Monisha, VM, Anshuman Trigunayat, and Anuradha Roy. "Analgesic and anti-anxiety activity of two Ayurvedic formulations (Rasnadi ksheerapaka and Sahacharadi taila) on experimental rat models." Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 8, no. 4 (2022): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2022.8402.

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Background: Rasnadi ksheerapaka and Sahacharadi taila are known to be effective in shula and vatavyadhi and used very frequently in conditions involving pain. Aims and objective: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-anxiety activity of Rasnadi ksheerapaka and Sahacharadi taila matrabasti in Charles Foster Albino rats. Materials and method: For evaluation of analgesic study tail flick response in tail flick test and paw licking response in Eddy’s hot plate test was performed. Anti-anxiety study was conducted with elevated plus maze and open field maze. Result and conclusion: After both the experi

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Kava, T. V., and O. E. Yadlovskiy. "Tail-flick-est – aspects use in pharmacological researches." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 1-2 (August 14, 2018): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1-2.18.07.

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The adequate assessment of anti-nociceptive activity is important. This is necessary for development of new analgesics that exceed effectiveness and/or safety of existing analgesics, fundamental research, study specifics pharmacodynamics of known analgesics. Рurpose of work is scientific and methodical analyze approaches to study of antinociceptive activity with Tail-flick test. The study was carried out using databases on the Internet using science-based databases: PubMed, Medline, Europe PMC, FDA, EMA, Google Scholar. Methods of approach to planning, conducting an experiment, int

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R., Sudar Codi, Sumina ., Uma N., and Manimekalai K. "Evaluation of opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using acute pain model in male wistar rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 8 (2019): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193201.

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Background: Adjuvant analgesics are added to pain management regimen to reduce opioid consumption and minimise their side effect. Newer ones like dexmedetomidine and pregabalin have not been thoroughly researched. Objectives of the study to study the opioid sparing effect of dexmedetomidine and pregabalin using tail flick and hot plate method in male wistar rats.Methods: Forty two rats were grouped into seven groups with six in each group. Analgesic activity was tested using tail flick, where in the reaction time to flick its tail on a heated surface was noted. In the hot plate method, the rea

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Delisma, Cici, Sri Peni Fitrianingsih, and Suwendar Suwendar. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANALGETIKA EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) TERHADAP MENCIT SWISS WEBSTER JANTAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa 1, no. 1 (2017): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/jiff.v1i1.3109.

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ABSTRAKNyeri merupakan persepsi sensorik mengganggu yang dapat ditangani dengan analgetika. Daun afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) secara tradisional digunakan untuk mengobati nyeri seperti sakit gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan aktivitas analgetika ekstrak n-heksana daun afrika dengan 2 metode pengujian dan menentukan dosis efektifnya. Metode Tail Flick Test untuk menguji aktivitas analgetika sentral dan metode Writhing Test untuk menguji aktivitas analgetika perifer. Mencit dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol yang diberi CMC Na, kelompok uji yang diberi ekstrak n-heksa

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Meegada, Purna Prasad, Rama Mohan Pathapati, Sriharsha Rayam, and Raveendra Kumar Nallabothula. "Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the Allium cepa extract in rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 7 (2021): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20212374.

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Background: The onion plant (Allium cepa) is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. It has antibiotic, antidiabetic, antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, hemostatic, antimutagenic effects. The current study is aimed to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Allium cepa extracts in rat models.Methods: In this study analgesic activity in rats is tested by Eddy’s hot plate method, tail flick method. In Eddy’s hot plate method rats are individually placed on the heated plate of the analgesic meter maintained at 550C and mean reaction time was calculated at regula

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Kousar, Begum* Naziya Begum Shaik Reshma Wajiha Fatima Mariyanaaz Ali and Ayesha Sultana. "PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM EXTRACTION AND EVALUATION FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 07 (2017): 1888–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.826969.

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Herbal medicines are considered to offer gentle means of managing chronic diseases at a lower cost. Traditional Medicines derived from medicinal plants are used by about 60% of the world’s population. Diabetes is an important human ailment afflicting many from various walks of life in different countries. In India it is proving to be a major health problem, especially in the urban areas. Pterocarpus marsupium. (PM) heartwood and bark have been majorly used as antidiabetic remedies in many cultures for thousands of years. The aim of this research is to address the existing evidence on antidiabe

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8

Zhou, Quanhong, Yuhua Bao, Xin Zhang, et al. "Optimal interval for hot water immersion tail-flick test in rats." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 26, no. 4 (2013): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2013.57.

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BackgroundThe hot water tail-flick test is widely used to measure the degree of nociception experienced by laboratory animals. This study was carried out to optimise interval times for the hot water immersion tail-flick tests in rats.MethodTen different intervals from 10 s to 1 h were tested in 60 Sprague–Dawley male rats. At least eight rats were tested for each interval in three consecutive hot water tail-flick tests. Dixon's up-and-down method was also used to find the optimal intervals. The same rats were then divided into two groups. In Group N, naloxone was injected to reverse the prolon

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Fan, Sook-Ha, Noraisah Akbar Ali, and Dayang Fredalina Basri. "Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of the Methanol Extract from the Galls ofQuercus infectoria(Olivier) in Rats." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/976764.

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The present study aims to investigate the analgesic activity of the methanol extract of the galls ofQuercus infectoriain rats using hot plate and tail-flick methods. The extract was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 mg/kg while morphine sulfate and sodium salicylate (10 mg/kg) served as standards. The methanol extract exhibited significant analgesic activity in the tail-flick model (P<0.05) by increasing the reaction time of the rats to 8.0 sec at 30 min after treatment in comparison to control (4.4 sec). Morphine sulfate produced a reaction time of 11.9 sec in the same test. A

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Dila Keswara, Yane, and Sri Rejeki Handayani. "Uji Aktivitas Analgetik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Inggu (Ruta angustifolia [l.] Pers) Pada Tikus Putih Jantan." Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research 1, no. 2 (2019): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37311/jsscr.v1i2.2662.

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Pain is an uncomfortable feeling caused by strong or destructive stimulation, if unchecked can affect daily routine. This study aims to determine the analgesic effect and dosage of the leaf extract ethanol, as well as to determine the effectiveness of the leaf extract ethanol as a narcotic analgesic by the Tail Flick method or as a non-narcotic analgesic by the Paw Pressure Test Randall Selitto method. Extraction was done by maceration of leaf powder with a solvent 96% ethanol. 25 male Wistar white rats were divided into 5 groups, positive group mefenamic acid 9 mg /200 g BW for the Paw Pressu

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11

Tjølsen, Arne, Anders Lund, Odd-Geir Berge, and Kjell Hole. "An improved method for tail-flick testing with adjustment for tail-skin temperature." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 26, no. 3 (1989): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(89)90124-6.

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12

Saha, Moni Rani, Sheikh Zahir Raihan, and Akm Shahidur Rahman. "Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of the leaves of Feronia limonia Linn." Bangladesh Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 26, no. 1-2 (2014): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpp.v26i1-2.19962.

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The antinociceptive activity of the methanolic extract of the leaves of Feronia limonia Linn. (Family Rutaceae) was investigated using acetic acid-induced writhing model and tail flick test in swiss albino mice. The extract produced about 26.01% ( p< 0.01), 39.88% ( p< 0.01) and 57.07% (p< 0.01) writhing inhibition at the dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of body weight respectively, which was comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium where the inhibition was about 63.58% (p< 0.01) at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. All doses of extracts significantly (p<0.05) increase

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Pranaya, G., P. Venkata Smitha, N. Srinivasa Reddy, R. Vinay, Ch Murali Mohan, and Akondi Butchi Raju. "Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Inflamatory Activity of Ventilago calyculata." International Journal of Life Sciences 9, no. 1 (2015): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11925.

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Ventilago calyculata was traditionally used to treat sprains and pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of bark of Ventilago calyculata (MVC). For evaluating analgesic activity, Hot plate method, Tail-flick method, Formalin test and Writhing methods were used. For evaluating anti-inflammatory activity Carrageenan induced paw edema and Xylene induced ear edema methods were used. Administration of MVC (100 and 200mg/kg) significantly reduced the total number of writhings in Acetic acid induced writhing method. In Hot pla

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Han, Li Jing, Jian Hong Yang, Min Lin, and Jin Wu Xu. "Hot Strip Tail Flick Recognition Based on Morphological Pattern Spectrum." Advanced Materials Research 572 (October 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.572.25.

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Hot strip tail flick is an abnormal production phenomenon, which brings many damages. To recognize the tail flick signals from all throwing steel strip signals, a feature extraction method based on morphological pattern spectrum is proposed in this paper. The area between signal curves after multiscale opening operation and the horizontal axis is computed as the pattern spectrum value and it reflects the geometric information differences. Then, support vector machine is used as the classifier. Experimental results show that the total correct rate based on pattern spectrum feature reached 96.5%

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Olaoye, I. A., and B. Abubakar. "Toxicity study and analgesic activity of methanol extract of baobab (<i>Adansonia digitata</i>) seed in mice." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 31, no. 2 (2025): 01–07. https://doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v31i2.1.

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The difficulty and complexity associated with the management of pain are related to side effects, efficacy and cost of current agents used in its management. We exploited some natural product resources in Africa in a bid to provide alternatives to the current agents used in pain management. We extracted the seeds of Adansonia digitata using methanol. We screened the fractions for phytochemicals, acute toxicity and analgesic properties using the tail-flick and hot plate methods. The phytochemical analysis of the seed powder revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. Oral LD50

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Dixena, Shweta, Nikhil Dixena, Monika Jain, et al. "Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Thymoquinone the Major Constituent of Nigella sativa Seeds in Mice." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 8, no. 2 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v8i2.27.

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Drugs commonly used in modern medicine for suppression of pain and fever provide only symptomatic relief and long-term use of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects. Recently, some evidences suggest that Nigella sativa inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and lipid peroxidation. They are reported to inhibit both cycloxygenase and 5-lipooxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of pure compound, thymoquinone the major constituent of Nigella sativa seeds in mice. The analgesic activity was determined b

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Raichurkar, Abishek P., and Shashikala Gowdara Hanumanth Reddy. "Evaluation of analgesic activity of the methanol extract from the galls of Quercus infectoria alone and as an adjuvant in wistar rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 5 (2020): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20201521.

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Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are the most preferred drugs for pain relief. Considering the gastrointestinal toxicity, dependence and other side effects, search for better analgesic drug continues. Quercus infectoria (QI) is from the family Fagaceae. The galls of QI are comprised of tannin (36 to 60%), gallic acid, ellagic acid, and syringic acid. They possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic properties. In India, galls of QI have been used for the treatment of toothache, diarrhoea, sore throat and inflammatory diseases as a home

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Gari, Manju, Kumari Ranjeeta, Lakhan Majhee, Akhilesh Kumar, and Sumit Kumar Mahato. "A comparative study of antinociceptive effect of paroxetine with pethidine in acute pain in albino rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 7 (2017): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172739.

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Background: Pain is the most common reason patients seek medical care. Increased level of monoamines (serotonin and norepinephrine) in synaptic clefts lead to changes in pain threshold and induce antinociception. The study was carried out to evaluate antinociceptive effect of paroxetine in albino rats and to probe into its possible mechanism of action. The study was carried out to evaluate anti-nociceptive effect of paroxetine in albino rats.Methods: Male Albino rats of average weight 150-240gms were used. The drugs used were paroxetine 5mg/Kg, pethidine 5mg/kg (standard drug). Anti-nociceptiv

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Kharat, Amol, Yogita Tarkasband, and Kiran Ramesh Kharat. "Antinociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory and Antidepressant potential of methanolic extract of Celosia argentea Linn." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2-s (2019): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2-s.2700.

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The present study was done to determine the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Celosaia argentea (MECA) by oral administration at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day of body weight to healthy swiss albino mice. The MECA was studied for antinociceptive effect using Eddy’s hot plate method and tail flick method in albino mice and anti-inflammatory effect by using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in mice and the mean increase in paw volume and % inhibition in paw volume was measured plethysmometer at different time intervals after c

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Nikenina, E. V., and Yu B. Abramov. "Study of the Cognitive Component of Nociception by the Tail Flick Method." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 147, no. 3 (2009): 378–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-009-0514-2.

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MACGREGOR, T., and R. REUNING. "The mouse tail-flick method for evaluation of narcotic antagonist sustained release." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 38, no. 1-3 (1987): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(87)90112-8.

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Maniyar, Yasmeen A., and Dasari Sriraj. "Peripheral and central analgesic activity evaluation of ethanolic extract of Vitex Negundo flowers in experimental animals." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 11 (2017): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174791.

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Background: Vitex negundo Linn (Family: Verbenaceae), locally known as ‘Nirgundi’ an important medicinal plant is a woody, aromatic shrub growing to a small tree. It commonly bears tri- or penta-foliate leaves on quadrangular branches, which give rise to bluish-purple coloured flowers in branched tomentose cymes. It has been claimed to possess analgesic activity apart from many medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate both the peripheral and central analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo flowers (EEVNF) in experimental animals.Methods: Acute toxicity

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Hossain, Md Monir, ASM Ibnul Hasan Even, Mohammad Ahsanul Akbar, Amlan Ganguly, and SM Abdur Rahman. "Evaluation of Analgesic activity of Sterculia villosa Roxb. (Sterculiaceae) Bark in Swiss-Albino mice." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17622.

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The methanolic crude extract and different fractions of Sterculia villosa bark were investigated for their possible analgesic activity in experimental animal models. Analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing inhibition and radiant heat tail-flick methods in swiss albino mice. In peripheral method of antinociception, the methanolic crude extract (400 mg/kg) and petroleum ether fraction (400 mg/kg) showed significant analgesic activity having 50.76% and 51.72% (P < 0.001) of writhing inhibition, respectively compared to standard aspirin (71.03% inhibition). In the ra

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Zaheer, Imran, Syed Ziaur Rahman, Rahat Ali Khan, Mehtab Parveen, and Priyamvada Sharma. "Evaluation of dose dependent analgesic response by extracts of Myristica fragrans on albino wistar rats: an experimental study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 9 (2019): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194127.

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Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic extract, methanol and benzene fraction of Myristica fragrans on wistar albino rats.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pharmacology JNMC AMU and F.H. Medical College, Agra. The analgesic activity was evaluated by employing the Eddy’s hot plate method and tail flick response method. In both the tests, Rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were used. The total number of animals n=36 were allocated to six groups. Each group consist of six animals each. The response noted in animals t

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Sachan, Nikhil, Muhammad Arif, K. Zaman, and Yatindra Kumar. "Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant potential of the stem bark of Spondias mangifera Willd." Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 2 (2011): 413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1102413s.

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The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethyl acetate (EAFSM) and n-butanol (NBFSM) fractions of the alcoholic extract of S. mangifera bark were evaluated using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and by the tail-flick method in rats. The radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract, aqueous extract and fractions was determined with the DPPH radical scavenging capacity assay. Two fractions of the alcoholic extract, EAFSM and NBFSM, at doses of 75, 150, 300 mg/kg b.w. administered orally, showed a significant reduction in paw volume when compared with the respective control

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Das, S., P. K. Bordoloi, P. Saikia, and L. Kanodia. "The analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 11, no. 3 (2012): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11723.

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Objective:To study the analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Healthy albino rats (150-200 gm) of either sex were taken and divided into five groups with six animals in each group for central analgesic activity by tail flick method. Peripheral analgesic activity by 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing test by taking albino mice (

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Bishan, Sarkar, and Nayak Arabinda. "Comparative assessment of analgesic activity between whole plant and parts of Azadirachta Indica." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 13, no. 1 (2023): 401–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7947928.

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<em>Azadirachta Indica</em> is a most common medicinal plant which is use for Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiulcer, Antiviral, Analgesic, sedative properties. <strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of the study was Comparative Assessment of Analgesic Activity between whole plant and parts of <em>Azadirachta Indica</em> in experimental animal model. <strong>Methods</strong>: The extracts were prepared by maceration method. Analgesic activity was assessed by tail flick method and hot plate method (for central action) and acetic acid-induced writhing test (for peripheral action). <str

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Srujana, A., Pasula Lavanya, D. Padma Sri, Koukuntla Bhavani, Chouti Nikhitha, and Derangula Shireesha. "Preclinical evaluation of analgesic activities of Barringtonia Racemosa." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 4, no. 1 (2023): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.1.381-385.

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Background: Pain is the major devastating health problems. Barringtonia racemosa Roxb. (Lecythidaceae) is the one which is frequently used to treat pain by traditional healers in Ethiopian folk medicine. However, the plant has not been scientifically evaluated for its traditionally claimed use. The present study aimed at the investigation of analgesic activities of ethanol root extract of Barringtonia racemosa Roxb in Albino rats (Wistar) model. Methods: Successive maceration was used as a method of extraction using solvents ethanol. After extraction of the roots, the crude extract was evaluat

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Meshram, Girish G., Anil Kumar, Waseem Rizvi, C. D. Tripathi, and R. A. Khan. "Central analgesic activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Albizia lebbeck: role of the GABAergic and serotonergic pathways." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 70, no. 1-2 (2015): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2014-4115.

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AbstractAlbizia lebbeckBenth. is extensively used in Indian traditional medicine for treating several painful and inflammatory disorders. The possible central analgesic activity and the underlying mechanism of action of the aqueous (AE) and ethanolic extracts (EE) of the leaves ofA.lebbeckwere investigated in Wistar rats using Eddy’s hot plate and the tail flick tests. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism of action, rats were pretreated with naloxone, bicuculline or methysergide and then were administered a per os (p.o.) dose of AE or EE. AE and EE caused a significant (p<0.05)

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Ariasti, Mia, and Lalu Busyairi Muhsin. "Analgesic activity test of Inggu leaf (Ruta angustifolia [L.] Pers) with Tail Flick and Writhing Test method." Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research 10, no. 2 (2024): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.21580/jnsmr.v10i2.20849.

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Pain is a sensory and emotional experience related to tissue damage. This study aims to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract from Inggu leaves and the effective dose of ethanol extract of Inggu leaves by tail flick and writhing test methods. The tail flick and writhing test methods have been widely used to develop non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Steroid and flavonoid compounds contained in Inggu leaves are thought to have an effect as analgesics. The powder of Inggu leaves was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. A total of 25 Wistar male white ra

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Zanfirescu, Anca, Georgiana Nitulescu, Gheorghe Stancov, et al. "Evaluation of Topical Anti-Inflammatory Effects of a Gel Formulation with Plantago Lanceolata, Achillea Millefolium, Aesculus Hippocastanum and Taxodium Distichum." Scientia Pharmaceutica 88, no. 2 (2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88020026.

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Medicinal plants hold a significant place as alternative treatments available for inflammatory diseases, with many phytoconstituents being frequently tested in vitro for their biological activities. In the current study, we investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of a novel active gel formulation, combining Achillea millefolium and Taxodium distichum essential oils with extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum seeds and Plantago lanceolata leaves. The toxicity of the obtained extracts and volatile oils was determined using the invertebrate model based on Daphnia magna. Anti-inflammator

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Kamalkishore, Meena K., Balaji Ommurugan, Bhanu P. Singh, and Mohanbabu V. Amberkar. "EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA PANICULATA BARK IN RATS." INDIAN DRUGS 58, no. 10 (2021): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.58.10.12301.

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This study was conducted to determine the analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata (Tp) bark. Analgesic activity was determined using hot plate and tail flick method. Thirty adult Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group I (control) received 2 mL water, Group II -codeine 5 mg kg-1, Group III, IV and V 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 of Tp, respectively. Latency time to pain sensation was noted. In hot plate model, group 5 showed significant increase in reaction time compared to groups 3 and 4 at all-time points and was comparable to standard codeine at 120th

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Sahu, Navajit, Bikram Tassa, and Swarnamoni das. "Central and Peripheral Analgesic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Centella Asiatica (AECA) Leaves in Rats and Mice." Sciences of Pharmacy 2, no. 2 (2023): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58920/sciphar02020015.

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The demand of herbal based medicines are increasing all over the world and the focus on plant research has increased. Centella asiatica (CA) is a medicinal herb used in traditional medicine as remedy for a variety of diseases. It is widely used in Ayurvedic medicines. The present study evaluated the Analgesic Activity of Aqueous Extract of the leaves of Centella asiatica (AECA). Acute oral toxicity test was performed according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2008 (OECD) guidelines. The tail flick method and glacial acetic acid-induced writhing tests were used to study

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R Manasa, Megaravalli, and Kunjumon Dayana. "Analgesic activity of lagenaria siceraria root extract by tail flick method in albino mice." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5, no. 4 (2019): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/2393-9087.2018.0040.

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Sakhteman, Amirhossein. "Antinociceptive activity of some 1,4-substituted piperidine derivatives using tail flick method in mice." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5, no. 3 (2011): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp10.389.

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Karki, Subash, and Biswash Sapkota. "Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Analgesic Activities of Buddleja asiatica Extract." Nepal Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2022): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njhs.v2i2.56786.

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Introduction: Buddleja asiatica is an upright, evergreen shrub of the Loganiaceae family that can reach up to 1 to 8 meters tall and found between 300-2000 meters height in Nepal. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to assess the antibacterial, antioxidant, and analgesic properties of Buddleja asiatica aerial component. Methods: A typical chemical test was outlined to conduct the phytochemical analysis. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging experiment was used to quantitatively quantify the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract. By using the well d

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Raveendran, Siddhi, Vikram Rajadnya, Revati Kothari, A. V. Tilak, Sayan Das, and Rahul Bhalsinge. "A study to evaluate the analgesic activity of Origanum vulgare in mice using tail flick method." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 10 (2019): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20194266.

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Background: Pain is a complex experience consisting of physiological and psychological response to a noxious stimulus. Analgesics like opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used for relieving pain but are associated with various unwanted side effects; therefore this study was conducted by using Origanum vulgare for their analgesic efficacy.Methods: In vivo model used was tail flick method. Origanum vulgare (84 mg/kg p.o) was administered in mice. The analgesic activity was studied by recording the reaction time after administration of the drug at frequent intervals up

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Ahmad, Ishteyaque, Md Nazer Hasan, and Ajitesh Kumar Mishra. "Evaluation of central and peripheral analgesic activity of amitriptyline in mice." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 7 (2019): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192661.

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Background: Pain is one of the most frequent reasons for visiting a doctor. Large-scale studies in Western countries have shown that a fifth of the adult population suffer from chronic pain. Treatment of pain, still a major problem in clinical practice. Despite several available analgesics, unrelieved pain remains a major health care issue. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant drug, which is regarded as adjuvant analgesic. There is a common consensus among the researchers on analgesic effect of amitriptyline which is mediated by central pathway but for the peripheral mechanism no conclu

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Sharma, Rajesh, Jitendra Sainy, and Subhash Chaturvedi. "2-Amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: A new series of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors." Acta Pharmaceutica 58, no. 3 (2008): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-008-0011-6.

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2-Amino-5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles: A new series of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorsA new series of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with 2-amino--5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole as the central scaffold unit has been synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral methods. Compounds were screened for cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity by the colorimetric COX (ovine) inhibitor screening assay, anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenean induced rat paw oedema test and analgesic activity by the tail flick method. Some compounds exhibited significant

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Galehdar, Nasrin, Mostafa Rezaeifar, Maryam Rezaeifar, and Mehdi Rezaeifar. "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Amygdalus eburnea shell root extract in mice." Biomedical Research and Therapy 5, no. 10 (2018): 2746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v5i10.489.

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Introduction: The current study aims to assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Amygdalus eburnea Spach extract in mice. Methods: Totally, 114 NMRI mice were used in this study. The acute toxicity was evaluated for two days. The antinociceptive effect was accessed by using the hot-plate, tail-flick, and rotarod test. In this investigation, anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by using the Xylene-induced ear edema method. The findings demonstrated that in the hot-plate and tail-flick tests, A. eburnea extract particularly at the dose of 750 mg/kg demonstrated a

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V, Shalini, Mariappan A, Senthilvel G, and Meenakumari R. "Experimental evaluation of analgesic activity of Naga Parpam: An Siddha formulation." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (2023): 846–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i1.2671.

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Background : Prolonged usage of NSAIDs and corticosteroids was associated with serious side effects. Siddha is an ancient system of medicine, promotes the utilization of herbal anad elemental formulations. Interestingly, certain elements considered toxic in modern medicine, such as Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Iron (Fe), Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), etc., have been employed in Siddha herbo mineral formulation for the treatment of illness, a practice that dates back to ancient times. Introduction Pain is a widely recognized indicator of poor health, the analgesic medications are employe

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J, Kartik Salwe, Mirunalini R, Jervin Mano, and Manimekalai K. "EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v11i1.22718.

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Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate me

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J, Kartik Salwe, Mirunalini R, Jervin Mano, and Manimekalai K. "EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND CORIANDRUM SATIVUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN ANIMAL MODEL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (2018): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22718.

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Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Murraya koenigii and Coriandrum sativum leaves and compared it with standard drug in an animal model.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extracts of M. koenigii and C. sativum leaves were obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. The central analgesic property was screened by hot plate method in mice and tail flick method in rats. The pain reaction time (PRT) was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced writhing in mice.Results: In hot plate me

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Subedi, Nirmal Kumar, S. M. Abdur Rahman, and Mohammad Ahsanul Akbar. "Analgesic and Antipyretic Activities of Methanol Extract and Its Fraction from the Root ofSchoenoplectus grossus." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3820704.

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The study aims to evaluate analgesic and antipyretic activities of the methanol extract and its different fractions from root ofSchoenoplectus grossususing acetic acid induced writhing and radiant heat tail flick method of pain models in mice and yeast induced pyrexia in rats at the doses of 400 and 200 mg/kg. In acetic acid writhing test, the methanol extract, petroleum ether, and carbon tetrachloride fractions produced significant (P<0.001andP<0.05) inhibition of writhing responses in dose dependent manner. The methanol extract at 400 and 200 mg/kg being more protective with 54% and 45

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Sharma, Naveen, Ajay Sharma, and Vipin Kumar Sharma. "Effect of Passiflora Edulis Sims onReserpine Induced Fibromyalgia." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 04 (2019): 2157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1851.

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This study was carried out to assess the possible effect of Passiflora edulis Sims on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia with using different animal models and commonly used in the Virginia, southern Illinois, southeast Kansas and India as a folk medicine. Possible effect of extract of the plant was evaluated on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. For evaluating the effect of this Plant leaves extract, different models were used such as tail flick, radiant heat, hot plate and inclined plane model. Evaluation of anti-depression activity, forced swim test and elevated plus maze (EPM) model were used. In

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Hasan, Md Sharif, Narhari Das, Zobaer Al Mahmud, and S. M. Abdur Rahman. "Pharmacological Evaluation of Naproxen Metal Complexes on Antinociceptive, Anxiolytic, CNS Depressant, and Hypoglycemic Properties." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3040724.

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Purpose. The present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive, anxiolytic, CNS depressant, and hypoglycemic effects of the naproxen metal complexes.Methods. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing method and radiant heat tail-flick method while anxiolytic activity was evaluated by elevated plus maze model. The CNS depressant activity of naproxen metal complexes was assessed using phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time test and the hypoglycemic test was performed using oral glucose tolerance test.Results. Metal complexes significantly (P<0.001) r

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Jha, Prabhat Kumar, Bipindra Pandey, Ram Kishor Yadav, K. C. Sindhu, Sandesh Poudel, and Sushil Panta. "Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and alpha-amylase inhibitory effects of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Aleuritopteris bicolor (Roxb.) Fraser-Jenk." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0326808. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326808.

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Aleuritopteris bicolor (Roxb.) Fraser-Jenk. is used in traditional medicine in Nepal to treat a variety of ailments. This study aimed to investigate qualitative phytochemical screening, quantitative phytochemical analysis (total phenolic and flavonoid content estimation), in vitro antioxidant activity, alpha-amylase inhibitory activity of Aleuritopteris bicolor (Roxb.) Fraser-Jenk. leaves from Nepal. Furthermore, this study examined the analgesic (tail flick and hot plate test method) and anti-inflammatory (carrageenan-induced paw edema) activities of Aleuritopteris bicolor leaves in an acute

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Bishan Sarkar and Arabinda Nayak. "Comparative assessment of analgesic activity between whole plant and parts of Azadirachta Indica." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 13, no. 1 (2023): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.13.1.0235.

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Azadirachta Indica is a most common medicinal plant which is use for Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiulcer, Antiviral, Analgesic, sedative properties. Objective: The aim of the study was Comparative Assessment of Analgesic Activity between whole plant and parts of Azadirachta Indica in experimental animal model. Methods: The extracts were prepared by maceration method. Analgesic activity was assessed by tail flick method and hot plate method (for central action) and acetic acid-induced writhing test (for peripheral action). Results: Seed extract, whole plant extract and aspirin showed significa

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Wu, Gao, and Hanbin Wu. "Analgesia Synergism of Essential Oil from Pericarp ofZanthoxylum schinifoliumand Verapamil." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/505876.

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Objective. To evaluate the synergistic analgesic effect of essential oil ofZanthoxylum schinifoliumSieb. et Zucc. (EOZ) and verapamil (Ver).Method. The qualitative and quantitative composition of EOZ were determined with gas chromatography/Mass spectrometer. The interaction between EOZ and Ver in antinociceptive activity was evaluated by using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, and tail flick tests in mice and in isolated toad sciatic nerve test.Results. Linalool, limonene, and sabinene are the major components of EOZ. EOZ (middle-dose: 40 mg·kg−1, high-dose: 80 mg·kg−1) and EOZ + Ver (E

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M, Ravi, Umar Faruksha A, and Sekar AM. "Screening for Antinociceptive Action of Gastroretentive Drug delivery System of Tramadol hydrochloride in Mice." GRT Journal of Education, Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (2024): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/grtjest.v2i1.24.

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The floating drug delivery system is to avoid the problem of drug waste and to limit the frequency of administration. Here the drug Tramadol is being centrally acting opioid analgesic can be formulated as sustained release formulation by adopting the method gastroretentive drug delivery system through effervescent floating drug delivery system with different grades of polymer Hyperomellose. The Pharmacological activity on Mice by both Hot Plate and Tail Flick Methods also suggest that when the Tramadol Hcl increased with its dosage form shows significant Analgesic Activity in animals which sho

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