Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tailings contamination

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tailings contamination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tailings contamination"

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Jeong, Yongsik, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, and Ji Shin. "Spectral Responses of As and Pb Contamination in Tailings of a Hydrothermal Ore Deposit: A Case Study of Samgwang Mine, South Korea." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (2018): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111830.

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We analyzed chemical composition, mineralogy, and spectral characteristics of the tailings of a hydrothermal gold mine in South Korea. We measured spectral responses of tailings to arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) concentration and developed and validated a prediction model for As and Pb in the tailings. The tailing was heavily contaminated with heavy metal elements and composed of rock forming minerals, gangue minerals and hydrothermal alteration minerals. The spectral features of the tailing were closely related to hydrothermal alteration minerals. The spectral responses associated with As and Pb concentrations were detected in shortwave infrared (SWIR) region at absorption positions of the hydrothermal alteration minerals. The prediction models were constructed using spectral bands of absorption features of the hydrothermal alteration minerals and were statistically significant. We found distinctive differences in spectral characteristics and spectral response to heavy metal contamination between the tailings and soils in the mining area. While the spectral signals to heavy metal concentration of tailings were associated with the hydrothermal alteration minerals, those of soils in mining area were manifested by clay minerals originated from weathering processes. This infers that geological processes associated with formation of soils and tailings are the major controlling factors of spectral responses to heavy metal contamination. This study provides a rare reference for the estimation of As and Pb concentration in the tailings with similar types of ore deposit and host rock.
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Kurniawan, Beny, Duryat ., Melya Riniarti, and Slamet Budi Yuwono. "Adaptation Ability of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) against Mercury Contamination from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 3 (2019): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl37359-369.

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Contamination of mercury (Hg) in illegal gold mining waste could be reduced by the plant. The study aimed to examine the adaptability of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) seedling in the growing media of tailings contaminated by mercury. Tailings were taken from the gold refining industry located in Bunut Village, Padang Cermin Sub-district, Lampung Province. The study was designed in a completely randomized design for 5 treatments and 4 replications used combination of topsoil : tailings in a ratio of 100% : 0%; 75% : 25%; 50% : 50%; 25% : 75%; and 0% : 100%. Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. The results showed that mahogany seedling had the adaptability to the media with a maximum tailings concentration of 75%. The higher concentrations of tailings tended to decrease the percentage of life, increment of diameter, increment of the number of leaves, leaf area, the increment of root length, and biomass of mahogany. The higher concentrations of tailings resulted in a better plant height increment compared to the lower concentrations, however, all concentrations of tailings in the planting medium reduced the height of the mahogany seedling.Keywords: Adaptability, mahogany, mercury, tailing
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Bernardino, Angelo F., Fabiano S. Pais, Louisi S. Oliveira, et al. "Chronic trace metals effects of mine tailings on estuarine assemblages revealed by environmental DNA." PeerJ 7 (November 7, 2019): e8042. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8042.

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Mine tailing disasters have occurred worldwide and contemporary release of tailings of large proportions raise concerns of the chronic impacts that trace metals may have on the aquatic biodiversity. Environmental metabarcoding (eDNA) offers an as yet poorly explored opportunity for biological monitoring of impacted aquatic ecosystems from mine tailings and contaminated sediments. eDNA has been increasingly recognized to be an effective method to detect previously unrecognized small-sized Metazoan taxa, but their ecological responses to environmental pollution has not been assessed by metabarcoding. Here, we evaluated chronic effects of trace metal contamination from sediment eDNA of the Rio Doce estuary, 1.7 years after the Samarco mine tailing disaster, which released over 40 million m3 of iron tailings in the Rio Doce river basin. We identified 123 new sequence variants environmental taxonomic units (eOTUs) of benthic taxa and an assemblage composition dominated by Nematoda, Crustacea and Platyhelminthes; typical of other estuarine ecosystems. We detected environmental filtering on the meiofaunal assemblages and multivariate analysis revealed strong influence of Fe contamination, supporting chronic impacts from mine tailing deposition in the estuary. This was in contrast to environmental filtering of meiofaunal assemblages of non-polluted estuaries. Here, we suggest that the eDNA metabarcoding technique provides an opportunity to fill up biodiversity gaps in coastal marine ecology and may become a valid method for long term monitoring studies in mine tailing disasters and estuarine ecosystems with high trace metals content.
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Widojoko, Lilies. "Evaluation the Use of Tailings as a Filler in Asphalt Concrete - Wearing Course Based on Results of Laboratory Tests to the Indonesian Specification for Hot-Mix Asphalt Year 2010." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.328.

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This paper discusses the use of tailings for road pavement, especially for Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) based on laboratory test results. The benefits of this study are: (1) diversification of road pavement materials, (2) the use of tailings optimally as road pavement material, (3) reduce the potential for environmental contamination. Tests on the characteristics of the tailings conducted to evaluate the properties related to its performance as a blending component. In this study, the percentage of tailings by 15%, 20% and 25% is added to the AC-WC mixture. Mix design performed by the method of Marshall. In the optimum asphalt content (OAC) the influence of water resistance and resistance to permanent deformation of sample are evaluated. The best performance is use of tailings by 20%. This mixture is not a mixture of the sensitive to inaccuracies in the asphalt mixture compared with the mixture using tailing by 15% and 25%. Wheel tracking test showed that the mixture has the smallest permanent deformation that is 2 mm.While resistance to water and temperature same for all all mixtures. This study shows that the tailings could be used as a road pavement material, which replaces the sand-sized aggregates.
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Zhao, Ren Xin, Wei Guo, Wen Hui Sun, Shi Lei Xue, Bo Gao, and Wen Sun. "Distribution Characteristic and Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution around Baotou Tailings in Inner Mongolia, China." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2730–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2730.

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The pollution status and total concentration of soil heavy metals were analyzed around Baotou tailing reservoir located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of Baotou tailings and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Pb, Zn and Mn from different directions of the tailing reservoir changed significantly with distance and were higher than the background values of Inner Mongolia. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different directions were contaminated by Pb, Cu, Zn and Mn. The pollution degree was in order: Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu> Cr > Ni > As. According to Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index, soils collected from the southeast of the tailing reservoir had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 11.1. The order of pollution level in different directions was southeast > northeast > southwest > northwest, which was mainly affected by the dominant wind of northwest. In general, the pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of iron tailings. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.
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Gauthier-Manuel, Honorine, Diane Radola, Flavien Choulet, et al. "A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Assessment of Origin, Fate and Ecotoxicity of Metal(loid)s from Legacy Coal Mine Tailings." Toxics 9, no. 7 (2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9070164.

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Over the course of history, the development of human societies implied the exploitation of mineral resources which generated huge amounts of mining wastes leading to substantial environmental contamination by various metal(loid)s. This is especially the case of coal mine tailings which, subjected to weathering reactions, produce acid mine drainage (AMD), a recurring ecological issue related to current and past mining activities. In this study, we aimed to determine the origin, the fate and the ecotoxicity of metal(loid)s leached from a historical coal tailing heap to the Beuveroux river (Franche-Comté, France) using a combination of mineralogical, chemical and biological approaches. In the constitutive materials of the tailings, we identified galena, tetrahedrite and bournonite as metal-rich minerals and their weathering has led to massive contamination of the water and suspended particles of the river bordering the heap. The ecotoxicity of the AMD has been assessed using Chironomus riparius larvae encaged in the field during a one-month biomonitoring campaign. The larvae showed lethal and sub-lethal (growth and emergence inhibition and delay) impairments at the AMD tributary and near downstream stations. Metal bioaccumulation and subcellular fractionation in the larvae tissues revealed a strong bioavailability of, notably, As, Pb and Tl explaining the observed biological responses. Thus, more than 70 years after the end of mining operations, the coal tailings remain a chronic source of contamination and environmental risks in AMD effluent receiving waters.
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Wang, Jing, and Wei Xuan Fang. "Primary Investigation and Analysis of Arsenic Contamination in Soil-Plant of Tin Mine in Gejiu." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.444.

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According to the primary study on the As contamination in soil and crops including potato and pea in tin tailings in Gejiu area, Yunnan Province, it has been found that concentrations of As in rhizosphere far exceed Chinese National Grade Ⅲ standard of soil environmental quality of China (GB 15618-1995). It also has been found that the Ferns were living in the tin tailings suffered from the contamination of heavy metals. Compared with the limit of national criteria for food sanitation in China, the concentrations of As in edible parts of ferns are 90 times. Therefore, the remediation of soil based on geochemical distribution characteristics of heavy metal in the tailings is demanded. And avoiding crops-planting in the tailings to reduce the diffusion of heavy metal contamination in food chain of mining area is necessary.
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Fatoye, Abiodun O., Albert O. Adebayo, and Wasiu B. Tomori. "Multivariate Analysis and Contamination Studies of Elemental Profile in Ife/Ijesa Goldmine Tailings, Southwestern, Nigeria." Sustainable Geoscience and Geotourism 2 (November 2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/sgg.2.35.

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The concentration of metals in the tailings of Ife/Ijesa goldmine, Nigeria was identified by using Proton Induced X-Ray Emission spectrometry as the main analytical tools. A total of 75 samples of the tailings were collected. Correlation, principal component and cluster analyses suggested probable natural and anthropogenic sources of the metals in the tailings. The contamination level of heavy metals was assessed on the basis of geo-accumulation index (), and ecological risk. The analysis of revealed moderately-heavily to heavily extremely contaminated. The value of showed a low level of heavy metals except Cu which shows considerable contamination.
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Hällström, Lina P. B., Lena Alakangas, and Olof Martinsson. "Scheelite weathering and tungsten (W) mobility in historical oxidic-sulfidic skarn tailings at Yxsjöberg, Sweden." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 6 (2019): 6180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07305-1.

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AbstractMore knowledge of the geochemical behavior of tungsten (W) and associated contamination risks is needed. Therefore, weathering of scheelite (CaWO4) and secondary sequestration and transport of W to groundwater in historical skarn tailings and surface water downstream of the tailings were studied. The tailings contained 920 mg/kg W, primarily in scheelite. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses were combined to elucidate the geochemical behavior of W in the tailings, and water samples were taken monthly during 2018 to monitor its mobility. In the tailings, a large peak of W was found at 1.5 m depth. There, 30 wt%. of W was present in easily reducible phases, indicating former scheelite weathering. Currently, W is being released from scheelite to water-soluble phases at 2.5 m depth. The release of WO42− is hypothetically attributed to anion exchange with CO32− released from calcite neutralizing acid produced from pyrrhotite oxidation in the upper tailings and transported downwards to pH conditions > 7. Higher concentrations of dissolved W were found in the groundwater and particulate W in downstream surface water than in reference water, but they were lower than current contamination thresholds. Tungsten showed correlations with hydrous ferric oxides (HFO) in both the tailings and surface water.
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West, Anthony CF, Paul J. Van Geel, Kenneth G. Raven, Thanh Son Nguyen, Mahrez Ben Belfadhel, and Peter Flavelle. "Groundwater flow and solute transport in a laboratory-scale analogue of a decommissioned in-pit tailings management facility." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 2 (2003): 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-108.

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A laboratory-scale analogue of an in-pit tailings management facility (TMF) was constructed using mortar sand, fluorescent-dye-containing ground silica, and filter gravel to represent fractured host rock, tailings, and a pervious surround, respectively. In a series of experiments, the performance of the analogue was observed through collection of hydraulic head, groundwater discharge, and solute concentration data. These data were found to be sufficient to validate numerical simulations of the experiments carried out using FRAC3DVS. The validation exercise indicated that adequate discretization of the tailings' periphery was critical to accurate simulation of early time solute release from the ground silica, while accurate simulation of groundwater flow and hydrodynamic dispersion adjacent to the ground silica was critical to accurate simulation of the down-gradient solute plumes. The validated model was used to predict how the analogue would have performed over its entire "contaminating lifespan." The results of the experiments and subsequent numerical modelling were used to support the argument that, assuming no dissolution of tailings solids, solute mass flux out of a decommissioned in-pit TMF would decrease asymptotically with time from a rate controlled by diffusion at the tailings' periphery towards a steady rate controlled by advection through their core.Key words: tailings, groundwater contamination, in-pit disposal, physical model, numerical model, advection-dispersion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tailings contamination"

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Brodd, Patrick. "Long term heavy metal contamination from leakage water sediments." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88909.

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Honeker, Linnea Katherine, and Linnea Katherine Honeker. "Rhizosphere Bacteria and Phytostabilization Success: The Association Between Bacteria, Plant Establishment and Metal(loid) Immobilization in Metalliferous Mine Tailings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624161.

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Phytostabilization offers a less expensive alternative to traditional cap and plant methods for containing metalliferous mine tailings to prevent wind erosion and contamination of nearby communities and the environment. However, plant establishment during phytostabilization of pyritic legacy mine tailings in semiarid regions is challenging due to particularly extreme conditions including low pH, low organic carbon, low nutrients, and high toxic metal(loid) concentrations. Microorganisms drive major biogeochemical cycles in soils, however, the roles microorganisms play at the root – soil interface during phytostabilization, particularly in relation to plant health and metal immobilization, are not yet fully understood. The aims of this dissertation are to focus on bacterial communities associated with the roots of buffalo grass used in the phytostabilization of pyritic metalliferous mine tailings to: i) characterize bacterial diversity and communities of rhizosphere and bulk substrate, ii) delineate associations between rhizoplane bacterial colonization patterns and environmental and plant status parameters, and iii) develop an in situ method to visually assess associations between roots, bacteria, and metals. Key findings indicate that after addition of a compost amendment to alleviate the plant-growth inhibiting characteristics of mine tailings, rhizosphere and bulk substrate contain a diverse, plant-growth supporting bacterial community. As substrate re-acidifies due to compost erosion, an emergence of an iron (Fe)- and sulfur (S)-oxidizer and Fe-reducer dominated, less diverse community develops in the bulk and rhizosphere substrate, thus posing a threat to successful plant establishment. However, even at low pH, some plant-growth-promoting bacteria are still evident in the rhizosphere. On the rhizoplane (root surface), the relative abundance of metabolically active bacteria was positively correlated with plant health, verifying the strong association between plant health and bacteria. Furthermore, pH showed a strong association with the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria on the rhizoplane. In relation to microbe-metal interactions on the root surface, results showed that Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria colocalized with Fe-plaque and arsenic (As) contaminant on the root surface, indicating their potential role in adsorbing or cycling of these metal(loid)s. Developing a more thorough understanding of bacteria-root-metal interactions in relation to plant health and metal immobilization can help to improve phytostabilization efforts and success.
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Molins, Rafa Sergi. "Using the Dusty Gas Model to investigate reaction-induced multicomponent gas and solute transport in the vadose zone." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/431.

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Biogeochemical reactions and vadose zone transport, in particular gas phase transport, are inherently coupled processes. To explore feedback mechanisms between these processes in a quantitative manner, multicomponent gas diffusion and advection are implemented into an existing reactive transport model that includes a full suite of geochemical reactions. Multicomponent gas diffusion is described based on the Dusty Gas Model, which provides the most generally applicable description for gas diffusion. Gas advection is described by Darcy's Law, which in the current formulation, is directly substituted into the transport equations. The model is used to investigate the interactions between geochemical reactions and transport processes with an emphasis to quantify reaction-induced gas migration in the vadose zone. Simulations of pyrite oxidation in mine tailings, gas attenuation in partially saturated landfill soil covers, and methane production and oxidation in aquifers contaminated by organic compounds demonstrate how biogeochemical reactions drive diffusive and advective transport of reactive and non-reactive gases. Pyrite oxidation in mine tailings causes a pressure reduction in the reaction zone and drives advective gas flow into the sediment column, enhancing the oxidation process. Release of carbon dioxide by carbonate mineral dissolution partly offsets pressure reduction, and illustrates the role of water-rock interaction on gas transport. Microbially mediated methane oxidation in landfill covers reduces the existing upward pressure gradient, thereby decreasing the contribution of advective methane emissions to the atmosphere and enhancing the net flux of atmospheric oxygen into the soil column. At an oil spill site, both generation of CH4 in the methanogenic zone and oxidation of CH4 in the methanotrophic zone contribute to drive advective and diffusive fluxes. The model confirmed that non-reactive gases tend to accumulate in zones of gas consumption and become depleted in zones of gas production. In most cases, the model was able to quantify existing conceptual models, but also proved useful to identify data gaps, sensitivity, and inconsistencies in conceptual models. The formulation of the model is general and can be applied to other vadose zone systems in which reaction-induced gas transport is of importance.
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Jones, Robert Ryan. "Risk-based assessment of environmental asbestos contamination in the Northern Cape and North West provinces of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012612.

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The commercial mining of asbestos occurred in four Provinces of South Africa (Northern Cape, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga). It was initiated in the late 1800's and lasted for over a hundred years into the beginning of this century. As a producer of amphibole asbestos, South Africa far outpaced every other country being responsible for 97% of global production. The last crocidolite mine closed in 1996 and chrysotile in 2002. Anecdotal information concerning environmental contamination as a result of the former mining activities and the improper disposal of mine waste tailings has been reported by a variety of authors. Few comprehensive or systematic surveys have been conducted to date to document this issue and very little quantifiable research has been completed on the communities located in close proximity to the former mine sites to determine the extent of contamination. In 2004-2006 communities were surveyed within the Northern Cape and North West Provinces to determine the extent and severity of environmental contamination. This research developed and applied a methodology to select those communities suspected of environmental contamination, a targeted survey methodology, and a protocol for rapid sample laboratory analysis. A total of 41 communities were initially predicted by the model to be suspected for environmental asbestos contamination. Based on the inclusion of local knowledge, a final 36 communities were selected for a screening-level field assessment, 34 of which were found to contain environmental asbestos contamination at rates ranging from 20 to 100% of the surveyed locations. A total of 1 843 samples of soil and building material were collected in the screening level assessment. One community (Ga-Mopedi) was selected as being representative of the total cohort and a more detailed house to house survey was completed. A total of 1 486 samples were collected during the detailed survey. Results of the detailed survey revealed 26.2% of the homes were contaminated with asbestos containing soil and/or building material. A theoretical quantitative cumulative exposure assessment was developed to estimate the disease burden within the study area population of 126,130 individuals within the surveyed communities resulting in a predicted range of 25-52.4 excess deaths per year from lung cancer and mesothelioma due solely to environmental exposures to asbestos pollution.
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Brunel, Célia. "Dynamique des éléments traces métalliques (Pb, Zn, Cd) sur un petit bassin versant amont contaminé par des déchets miniers - cas du bassin versant amont du Lez (Ariège, Pyrénées)." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30025.

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Sur le site minier orphelin de Sentein (Pyrénées), la dynamique de Zn, Pb et Cd est étudiée à l'échelle du bassin versant amont du Lez, en couplant des approches géochimiques et minéralogiques. A partir de la minéralisation, primaire et naturelle, l'exploitation minière a redistribué les métaux en plusieurs sources secondaires (sols contaminés, résidus d'extraction et de traitement). Les résidus de traitement constituent le principal réservoir de métaux. Dans ce contexte carbonaté, l'exportation des métaux sous forme dissoute est limitée par la formation de phases minérales secondaires. L'érosion mécanique est le mécanisme majeur de mobilisation des métaux. A l'exutoire du bassin, la dispersion particulaire des métaux est dominante, notamment lors des crues. La contribution de ce site minier au flux de métaux transportés par la Garonne est estimée<br>On the orphan Sentein mining district (Pyrénées), the Zn, Cd and Pb dynamics is studied at the scale of the Lez upstream catchment, with geochemical and mineralogical approaches. From the primary and natural mineralization, mining exploitation has lead to the redistribution of metal into several secondary sources (contaminated soils, extraction wastes and tailings). Tailings are the main storage compartment of metals. Submitted to erosion, they constitute the principal source. In this carbonated context, the metal exportation under dissolved form is limited by the formation of secondary minerals. Runoff and erosion are dominant processes for metal mobilization. At the catchment outlet, particulate dispersion is dominant specially, during storm events. The contribution of this mining site to Garonne metal fluxes is assessed
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Vergunst, Thomas Maarten. "The potential for groundwater contamination arising from a lead/zinc mine tailings impoundment." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3513.

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The mining industry produces vast quantities of overburden and mill tailings. In many instances the disposal of these wastes on the Earth's surface have caused local, and occasionally even regional, water resources to become contaminated. Contamination typically arises from the oxidation of metal sulfide minerals contained within these wastes. Upon oxidation these minerals release sulfate, their associated metal cations and acidity into solution. This study investigated the potential for groundwater contamination arising from a Pb/Zn tailings impoundment in the North West Province of South Africa (Pering Mine). The tailings is composed predominantly of dolomite, which imparts to the material an alkaline pH and a high acid buffering capacity. Acid-base accounting (ABA) established that the capacity of the tailings to buffer acidity surpasses any acid producing potential that could arise from pyrite (FeS2), galena (PbS) and sphalerite (ZnS) oxidation. These minerals account for about 3 to 6% of the tailings by mass. Total elemental analysis (XRF) showed that the material has high total concentrations of Fe (19083 mg kg-I), Zn (5481 mg kg-I), Pb (398 mg kg-I), S (15400 mg kg-I), Al (9152 mg kg-I) and Mn (29102 mg kg-I). Only a very small fraction of this, however, was soluble under saturated conditions. An estimation of potentially available concentrations, using the DTPA extraction method, indicated that high concentrations of Zn (1056 mg kg-I), and moderate concentrations of Pb (27.3 mg kg-I) and Cu (6.01 mg kg-I) could potentially be available to cause contamination. A number of leaching experiments were undertaken to accurately quantify the release of elements from the tailings material. These experiments were aimed at determining the potential for groundwater contamination and also provided a means whereby the long-term release of contaminants could be modelled using the convection-dispersion equation for solute transport. Four leaching treatments were investigated. Two consisted of using distilled water under intermittent and continuous flow, while a third used intermittent flow of deoxygenated distilled water to assess leaching under conditions of reduced oxygen. The.mobilisation of potential contaminants under a worst case scenario was assessed by means of leaching with an acetic acid solution at pH 2.88 (after the US Environmental Protection Agency's toxicity characteristic leaching procedure). The acid buffering potential of the tailings was considerable. Even after 8 months of weekly leaching with 1 pore volume of acetic acid solution the pH of the effluent was maintained above pH 5.90. The protracted acidity caused very high concentrations of Pb, Zn, Mu, Ca, Mg, Hg and S to be released into solution. Leaching the tailings with distilled water also caused the effluent to have noticeable traces of contamination, most importantly from S, Mg, Mu and Zn. In many instances concentrations significantly exceeded guideline values for South African drinking water. Modelling solute transport with the convectiondispersion equation predicted that sol- and Mu contamination could persist for a very long period of time. (±700 years under continuous saturated leaching), while Mg and Zn concentrations would most likely exceed recommended limits for a much shorter period of time (±300 years under the same conditions). In light of the various column leaching experiments it was concluded that seepage from the Pering tailings impoundment could cause groundwater contamination. A drill-rig and coring system were used to collect both tailings and pore-water samples from eight boreholes spread out across the tailings impoundment. These investigations showed that most of the impoundment was aerobic (Eh ranged from +323 to +454 mY) and alkaline (pH 8.0 to 9.5). This chemical environment favours sulfide oxidation and as a consequence high concentrations of S have been released into the pore-water of the impoundment (S concentrations ranged from 211 to 1221 mg r l ). The acidity released as a by-product of sulfide oxidation was being buffered by dolomite dissolution, which in turn was releasing high concentrations of Mg (175 to 917 mg r l ) and Ca (62.6 to 247 mg r l ) into solution. Metal concentrations in the pore-water were low as a result of the strong metal sorbing capacity of the tailings and possible secondary precipitation. The only metal which significantly exceeded recommended limits throughout the impoundment was Hg (concentrations were between 100 and 6000 times the recommended limit of 0.001 mg r l ). Under the current geochemical conditions it is expected that Hg, S and Mg will likely pose the greatest threat to groundwater. The main concerns associated with mine tailings are that of mine drainage and dust blow off..In order to eradicate the latter problem, the tailings impoundment at Pering Mine was covered with a layer of rocks. Modelling the water balance of the impoundment using the computer model HYDRUS-2D showed that the rock cladding has potentially increased the volume of drainage water seeping from the impoundment. In light of the leaching experiments and field work, which proved that water passing through the tailings became enriched with various potentially toxic elements, it is expected that the problem of groundwater contamination around Pering Mine has been further exacerbated by the rock cladding. It was therefore concluded that there would be a strong likelihood of groundwater contamination in the vicinity of the mine.<br>Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Hosney, Mohamed. "PERFORMANCE OF GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS IN COVER, SUBSURFACE BARRIER, AND BASAL LINER APPLICATIONS." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8641.

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The use of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) as (i) covers for arsenic-rich gold mine tailings and landfills, (ii) subsurface barrier for migration of hydrocarbons in the Arctic, and (iii) basal liner for sewage treatment lagoons were examined. After 4 years in field and laboratory experiments, it was found that best cover configuration above gold mine tailings might include a layer of GCL product with polymer-enhanced bentonite and a geofilm-coated carrier geotextile serving above the tailings under ≥ 0.7 m overburden. However, acceptable performance could be achieved with using a standard GCL with untreated bentonite provided that there is a minimum of 0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL. When GCL samples were exhumed from experimental landfill test cover with complete replacement of sodium in the bentonite with divalent cations in the adjacent soil, it was observed that the (i) hydraulic head across the GCLs, (ii) size of the needle-punched bundles, and (iii) structure of the bentonite can all significantly affect the value of the inferred in-situ hydraulic conductivity measured at the laboratory. The higher the hydraulic head and the larger the size of the needle-punched bundles, the higher the likelihood of internal erosion/structural change of bentonite at bundles that will cause a preferential flow for liquids to occur. A key practical implication was that GCLs can perform effectively as a single hydraulic barrier in covers provided that the water head above the GCL kept low. The hydraulic performance of a GCL in the Arctic was most affected by the location within the soil profile relative to the typical groundwater level with the highest increase in the hydraulic conductivity (by 1-4 orders of magnitude) for GCL below the water table. However, because the head required for jet fuel to pass through the GCL was higher than that present under field conditions, there was no evidence of jet fuel leakage through the barrier system. The leakage through GCLs below concrete lined sewage treatment lagoons was within acceptable limits, in large part, due to the low interface transmissivity between GCLs and the overlying poured concrete.<br>Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2014-02-28 08:53:29.171
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Botha, Alida Jane. "Surface impacts of gold mining activities on the Kromdraai/Koekemoerspruit : a situation analysis / Alida Jane Botha." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14463.

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Six point sources of potential contamination from gold mine tailings were identified along the Kromdraai/Koekemoerspruit drainage basin. The degree of contamination of the tailings, soils, surface water, stream sediments and plants at each point source, as well as the individual contribution of these point sources to the contamination of downstream localities was determined by means of quantitative indices. These indices include availability percentage, threshold exceedance ratio, geoaccumulation index, bioaccumulation index and hyperaccumation threshold exceedance ratio. Both the total concentration pool as well as the available (soluble) fraction thereof were evaluated relative to pH and plant uptake, and as applicable to the sample type, by using the USEPA 3050b and DIN 19730 (NH4NO3) extraction methods, respectively. The results for the eight selected potentially toxic trace elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, As and U) were further categorised under current and potential future contamination statuses and discussed according to a source-pathway-receptor model relative to individual localities. Composite sampling was employed to provide a representative average of each locality for an overall contamination profile of the study area. Plant species were classified according to accumulation degree and hyperaccumulation status in order to derive an indication of accumulation efficiency relative to the geochemical status of soils or tailings. A document was compiled in order to be used as a guideline for rehabilitation purposes specific to a geochemically-contaminated drainage system.<br>MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Books on the topic "Tailings contamination"

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Stepp, Eugene. Uranium Contamination in the Navajo Nation: Background and Cleanup Efforts. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2014.

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Nash, J. Thomas. Geochemical studies of mines, dumps, and tailings as sources of contamination, upper Animas River watershed, Colorado (Open-file report). U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tailings contamination"

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Lacerda, L. D., and W. Salomons. "Mercury Contamination from New World Gold and Silver Mine Tailings." In Mercury Contaminated Sites. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03754-6_3.

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Winde, Frank, and Abraham Barend de Villiers. "Uranium contamination of streams by tailings deposits — case studies in the Witwatersrand gold mining area (South Africa)." In Uranium in the Aquatic Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55668-5_94.

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Winde, Frank, and Abraham Barend de Villiers. "The nature and extent of uranium contamination from tailings dams in the Witwatersrand gold mining area (South Africa)." In Uranium in the Aquatic Environment. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55668-5_104.

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Okereafor, Godwin, Elizabeth Makhatha, Lukhanyo Mekuto, and Vuyo Mavumengwana. "Mobility of Trace Element Contaminants from Abandoned Gold Mine Dump to Stream Waters in an Agricultural Active Area." In Trace Metals in the Environment - New Approaches and Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90818.

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In this study, the selected streams within the Blesbokspruit located in South Africa were characterised in this study. Because of prolonged mining activities coupled with ineffective management practices, several mine tailing (MT) dumps are widely distributed in this area. Metals and metalloid contamination from these tailing facilities have been reported to be major contributors to environmental hazards such as acid mine drainage (AMD). With increased agricultural activities in this area, an assessment of the general quality of water being utilised for irrigation purposes and feeding of farm animals becomes inevitable. A procedural method was implemented in a bid to identify relations between tailing and stream water contamination. Representative gold tailing sediments and water samples were collected, respectively. With the aid of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the mineralogical characterisation of the tailing sediments was successfully carried out, while acid digestion using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was utilised in the determination of trace metal contents. Samples of different water sources were also characterised. There was a clear description of the link between tailings, water contamination and possible implications to animals and humans in the long run.
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Cosper, K., A. Mayo, B. Buck, A. Lemon, and S. Anderson. "Not all contamination comes from mining operations." In Tailings and Mine Waste '04. Taylor & Francis, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203021637.ch48.

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"Phytostabilization for Sustainable End-Use of Arsenic-Rich Mine Tailings in the Victorian Goldšelds, Australia." In Environmental Contamination. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12531-24.

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Martn, F., M. Simn, I. Garca, A. Romero, and V. Gonzlez. "Pollution of Pb in Soils Affected by Pyrite Tailings: Influence of Soil Properties." In Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination. InTech, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57270.

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Okereafor, Godwin, Mamookho Makhatha, Lukhanyo Mekuto, and Vuyo Mavumengwana. "Evaluation of Trace Elemental Levels as Pollution Indicators in an Abandoned Gold Mine Dump in Ekurhuleni Area, South Africa." In Trace Metals in the Environment - New Approaches and Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89582.

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In the Blesbokspruit area of Ekuhurleni, South Africa, previous gold mining activities resulted in many tailings dump sites. 20 representative soil samples were used in describing the distribution of metals. The soils were very strongly acidic ranging from 3.86 to 4.34 with a low cation exchange capacity (CEC). Based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, elemental composition of the soils revealed average values of major elements such as Na2O (0.18%), MgO (0.63%), Al2O3 (6.51%), SiO2 (81.83%), P2O5 (0.04%), SO3 (3.40%), K2O (1.98%), CaO (0.45%), TiO2 (0.51%), Cr2O3 (0.17%), MnO (0.04%), Fe2O3 (3.59%), NiO (0.04%), As2O3 (0.02%), with Rb2O and SrO falling below 0.01%. Trace metals (TM) contamination levels in the soils were evaluated using various pollution indices which revealed that over 60% of the soils were between the high degree and the ultra-high degree of contamination classes. The concentration of various trace metals varies from 860.3–862.6 mg/kg for Cr; 324.9–328.4 mg/kg for Al; 200.9–203.4 mg/kg for As; 130.1–136.2 mg/kg for Fe; 121.9–125.8 mg/kg for Pb; 27.3–30.2 mg/kg for Co; 23.8–26.8 mg/kg for Ni; 7.2–9.2 mg/kg for Ti; 7.1–9.2 mg/kg for Cd; 4.0–5.6 mg/kg for Zn and 0.1–0.6 mg/kg for Cu.
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Carlmark, B., and A. Lindvall. "Mercury, a Toxic Metal, and Dental Amalgam Removal." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0016.

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Mercury is an element with unique physical and chemical properties whose deleterious effects on various organ systems have been known for centuries. The metal (Hg°) mercury is the only element liquid at ambient temperatures and has an extremely high vapor pressure. Natural degassing of the earth’s crust by volcanoes and emissions from soils and waters are estimated to contribute on the order of 2700 to 30,000 tons per year (Nriagu 1989, Lindqvist 1991). A second source of mercury is anthropogenic from burning of coal or petroleum. The total input into the atmosphere may be up to 150,000 tons per year, with natural emissions accounting for the major input (Berlin 1986). However, estimations of contributions from different sources vary. Aristotle wrote about mercury as liquid silver (hydrargyrum) with the metallic mercury extracted in ancient times, as today, from the sulphide mineral cinnabar (HgS). Although technical developments have brought about more sophisticated methods of distilling mercury, all processes create mercury vapor, which is a potential hazard. Mercury mines pose environmental concern, due to mine tailings and waste rock contributing mercury-enriched sediment to watersheds (Rytuba 2000) such as in the California Coast Ranges (Rytuba 2000), the Idria mine in Slovenia (Hines et al. 2000), in Slovakia (Svoboda et al. 2000), and, perhaps most conspicuously, the mine tailings in Aznacollar, Spain, that caused a recent accident (Grimalt et al. 1999). Any industrial sites that utilize mercury during production may also produce contamination of the environment (Sunderland and Chmura 2000). The possible sources of mercury exposure are presented in Table 10.1. Amalgamation with mercury has been used as a method for beneficiation of gold and silver since Roman times. The total global release of mercury into the environment from these activities before 1930 was estimated as over 260,000 tons. Thereafter, with the introduction of cyanidation processing technology, the emissions declined (Lacerda and Solomons 1998). However, small-scale artisanal gold mining continues and is a serious hazard to largely unskilled persons in rural areas over the world.
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Ripmeester, John A., and L. S. Kotlyar. "2H NMR and Gel Formation of the Ultrafine Solids Fraction Associated with the Athabasca Oil Sands Fine Tails." In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Environment Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097511.003.0017.

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The two oil sands plants operated by Syncrude Canada Ltd. and Suncor Canada Ltd. near Fort MacMurray, Alberta, use a hot water process for the separation of bitumen from oil sands. In brief, hot water and oil sands, with caustic soda as dispersing agent, are mixed thoroughly, and bitumen is floated to the top of the resulting slurry by streams of air. After secondary bitumen recovery, the remaining tailings are carried to ponds, where the coarse sands are used to form dikes, the fine tails are left to settle, and freed water is recycled. Typical production figures for the Syncrude plant are 390 000 barrels of diluted bitumen per day produced from 325 000 tonnes of oil sand. One complicating factor is that the fine tails dewater only to a solids content of ~30%, requiring ponds of ever increasing size (the Syncrude pond is 22km2) to store the resulting sludge. As the ponded material is toxic to wildlife, it poses a considerable local environmental hazard. In addition, there is the potential hazard of contamination of surface water and a major river system as a result of seepage or potential dike failure. The work reported here was carried out as part of a major project initiated to address the problem of the existing tailings ponds, and also to modify the currently used separation process so as not to produce sludge. Starting with the recognition that the very stable fine tails, consisting of water, silt, clay and residual bitumen, have gel-like properties, we employed the strategy of fractionating the fine tails with the hope of identifying a specific fraction which might show gel-forming propensity. This was done by breaking the gel, and collecting fractions according to sedimentation behavior during centrifugation. Fractions consisting of the coarser solids (&gt;0.5μm) settled rapidly, whereas fractions with smaller particle sizes (termed ultrafines) gave suspensions which set into stiff, thixotropic gels on standing. Gel formation and the sol-gel transition in colloidal clay suspensions are classical problems which have received much attention over the years; however, much remains to be learned. NMR techniques have shown considerable promise in understanding clay-water interactions at a microscopic level.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tailings contamination"

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Ran, Aharon, and Nicolas Perez. "Real Time Monitoring of Infiltration and contamination from Paste Tailing Site." In 23rd International Conference on Paste, Thickened and Filtered Tailings. Gecamin Publications, Santiago, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2052_92.

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Buselli, G., and K. Lu. "Applications Of Some New Techniques To Detect Groundwater Contamination At Mine Tailings Dams." In 12th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.202.1999_057.

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Buselli, G., and K. Lu. "Applications of Some New Techniques to Detect Groundwater Contamination at Mine Tailings Dams." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 1999. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2922646.

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Molloy, James B., and Donald Rodbell. "HEAVY METAL SOIL CONTAMINATION OF THE LAKE JUNÍN BASIN FROM MINE TAILINGS DUST." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291646.

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Isayeva, Natalya. "The Decreasing Ways of Contaminated Underground Water Volume in Uranium Mining and Milling Region." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1208.

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Abstract Ukrainian uranium ore mining and milling facilities are located in the tight populated areas on the valuable agricultural lands of Ukraine. The almost 50th years’ activity of these enterprises has caused the radioactive contamination of the environment. The most dangerous facilities happened to be those ones which contaminate the entrails for a long time, namely: tailings which were discharged with the uranium ore uranium mill and former uranium in-situ leaching sites which are now decommissioned and left without relevant environmental protection measures. This paper considers two uranium facilities, which impact in a similar way on such an environmental entity as underground water: the tailings and in-situ leaching site located in Dnipropetrovsk region.
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Pearce, Steven, and K. McKay. "Rapid on-site screening for historic contamination at mine sites." In First International Seminar on the Reduction of Risk in the Management of Tailings and Mine Waste. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1008_32_pearce.

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J. Carpenter, Philip, Aizhong Ding, Lirong Cheng, Puxin Liu, and Fulu Chu. "Geophysical And Geochemical Characterization Of Groundwater Contamination Surrounding An Oil Shale Tailings Landfill, Maoming, China." In 16th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.190.min05.

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Carpenter, Philip J., Aizhong Ding, Lirong Cheng, Puxin Liu, and Fulu Chu. "Geophysical and Geochemical Characterization of Ground Water Contamination Surrounding an Oil Shale Tailings Landfill, Maoming, China." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2003. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2923240.

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Yu, Xiuwu, Feng Zhang, Feisheng Fan, and Lixing Zhou. "An geographical adaptive routing algorithm based on overlapping area for uranium tailings radionuclide contamination monitoring in WSN." In 2016 6th International Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication (ICEIEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceiec.2016.7589706.

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Zhang, Bo, Toshifumi Mawatari, and Akira Nakajima. "Slider Air Bearing Design in Consideration of the Pumping Effect." In ASME/STLE 2011 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2011-61033.

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The pumping effect proposed by the authors is used to analyze the contamination of the air bearing in hard disk drive. Three different types of air bearing surface are considered in the focus on the accumulation of the contamination at the rear pad where the minimum spacing is located. It is found that the contamination tends to accumulate at both the front and the rear ends of the air bearing surface pad where the shear stress of air film is interrupted due to due to the dramatic change in the spacing. The accumulation at the tailing edge of the air bearing is the most detrimental. The thickness of adsorbed film at the tailing edge increases suddenly when the terrace length at the tailing edge exceeds a critical value, which is in between 15 μm and 35 μm in this article.
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Reports on the topic "Tailings contamination"

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Baseline risk assessment of groundwater contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Site near Gunnison, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10112209.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the uranium mill tailings site near Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104662.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Site near Riverton, Wyoming. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188626.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Site in Lakeview, Oregon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10188732.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Site near Maybell, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/211336.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Sites near Rifle, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/82421.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the uranium mill tailings site near Durango, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10122528.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Site near Maybell, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/111931.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the Uranium Mill Tailings Site near Naturita, Colorado. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/111924.

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Baseline risk assessment of ground water contamination at the uranium mill tailings site Salt Lake City, Utah. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10104981.

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